JP2007336777A - Wind power generating device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a wind power generating device enabling conversion to electric power, without wasting wind power, ranging from gentle wind to strong wind. <P>SOLUTION: The wind power generating device G has a vertical blade type wind mill 2 capable of rotating around a fixing shaft 1 vertical to the ground, and a generator 3 for generating power by the rotating force of the wind mill 2. The generator 3 comprises a rotating casing 10 supported rotatably by the fixing shaft 1; a disk-like stator table 11 fixed to the fixing shaft 1 in the rotating casing 10; a plurality of coils 12 arranged on the stator table 11; a first magnet 13, arranged on the rotating casing 10 so that the first magnet 13 faces the upper surface of the coil 12; and a second magnet 14 arranged on the rotating casing 10 and the second magnet 14 faces the lower surface of the coil 12. The plurality of coils 12 are divided into a plurality of blocks and can change the connections among the blocks themselves according to the wind velocity. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a wind power generator. More specifically, the present invention relates to a wind turbine generator having a vertical blade type windmill.

The movement of global environmental conservation including prevention of global warming has become more and more active in recent years, and in this connection, devices that generate electricity using natural energy to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels have attracted attention. Yes.
A wind turbine generator is a device that rotates blades or propellers using wind power, which is natural energy, and converts this rotational force into electric power, and has already been put into practical use in various countries. There are two types of wind turbines for wind power generation: horizontal axis wind turbines whose rotation axis is horizontal to the wind and vertical axis wind turbines whose rotation axis is perpendicular to the wind. (A so-called propeller-type windmill) is affected by the direction of the wind, and the propeller does not rotate sufficiently in a breeze. Various proposals have been made.

For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a wind turbine for wind power generation in which a plurality of blades are provided at fixed angles around the rotation axis in a plane orthogonal to the vertical rotation axis. It is described that the airfoil has a low Reynolds number and a high lift coefficient, and a notch is formed at the trailing edge of the lower surface of the wing. And according to this windmill, it is supposed that it can be rotated efficiently also at the time of starting and a low wind speed range.
Patent Document 2 includes a Savonius-type windmill that rotates in response to wind force, and a generator that generates electric power by the rotational force of the windmill. The generator is a rare earth-based permanent magnet that serves as a coil excitation means. A wind power generation system is described.

JP 2004-108330 A JP 2002-317748 A

  However, in the conventional wind turbine generators including those described in Patent Document 2, the relationship between the wind speed and the generated voltage is linear, and the generated voltage increases linearly as the wind speed increases. It was difficult to design a device that converts AC power into the same AC power. For high voltages that cannot be controlled by the controller, a dump resistor is connected and the electric brake is intentionally discarded to protect the storage battery and related electrical components. Is currently consumed.

  This invention is made | formed in view of such a situation, and it aims at providing the wind power generator which can be converted into electric power without wasting wind power from a breeze to a strong wind.

The wind turbine generator of the present invention is a wind turbine generator comprising a vertical blade type windmill that can rotate around a fixed shaft that is erected on the ground, and a generator that generates electric power by the rotational force of the windmill,
The generator is connected to the windmill and is rotatably supported by the fixed shaft, a disk-shaped stator table fixed to the fixed shaft in the rotary casing, and the stator table A plurality of coils arranged in a ring shape along the outer periphery, a plurality of first magnets fixed to the inner surface of the rotating casing and arranged in a ring shape so as to face the upper surface of the coil, A plurality of second magnets fixed to the inner surface of the rotating casing and arranged in a ring shape so as to face the lower surface of the coil,
The plurality of coils are divided into a plurality of blocks, and are configured to be able to switch the connection between the blocks in accordance with the wind speed.

  Since the wind turbine generator of the present invention employs a vertical blade type windmill that can rotate around a fixed shaft standing on the ground, it operates in any direction regardless of the wind direction. Thus, it is possible to generate electric power, and it is also possible to generate electric power even with a breeze. Then, the plurality of coils in the generator are divided into a plurality of blocks, the coils in each block are connected in series, and the connection (series or parallel) between the blocks can be switched according to the wind speed. For example, when the wind is weak, connect all the blocks in series to give priority to the voltage.When the wind is strong, connect all the blocks in parallel to suppress the voltage. Wind energy can be used effectively without waste.

  The coil is wound around an iron core, and the polarity of the portion of the first magnet facing the upper surface of the coil is all one of the N pole and the S pole. The polarities of the portions of the second magnet facing the lower surface of the coil are preferably the other pole. In this case, since the iron core is loaded inside the coil, the number of lines of magnetic force crossing the coil can be increased, and as a result, a large amount of current can be generated. On the other hand, loading the iron core inside the coil increases the cogging torque due to the influence of the magnet, and it is thought that the windmill will not rotate in the slight breeze, but the polarity of the portion of the first magnet that faces the upper surface of the coil This problem can be solved by setting all of the N poles or the S poles as one pole, and setting the polarity of the portion of the second magnet facing the lower surface of the coil as the other pole. That is, if the magnet polarity is unified on the upper surface side and the lower surface side of the coil, even if the magnet is arranged close to the iron core, the magnet is moved in the direction of cutting the magnetic field lines (direction parallel to the magnetic field lines). Requires a large force, but can be easily moved in a direction perpendicular to the magnetic field lines. The cogging torque can be reduced by utilizing the principle that it is easy to shift the magnetic field in the lateral direction.

  When N is a natural number, the number of the coils is 2N, the number of the first magnets and the second magnets is N, and the first and second magnets are every other one. It is preferable to be disposed so as to face the coil. According to this configuration, by setting the number of magnets on one side (the upper surface side or the lower surface side of the coil) to half of the coil, it is possible to create a state where the magnet is not opposed to the magnet at all. As a result, the number of lines of magnetic force that cross the coil can be effectively increased or decreased, thereby increasing the generated current.

  It is preferable that a filler made of ceramic or synthetic resin is filled between adjacent magnets, and the polishing is performed so that the surfaces of the filler and the magnet are flush with each other. According to this configuration, the space between adjacent magnets is filled with a filler made of ceramic or synthetic resin, and the filler and the magnet are polished so that they are flush with each other. When the casing rotates, it is possible to prevent noise (wind noise) from being generated due to the space between the magnets.

  It is preferable that the coil has a substantially wedge shape that is vertically long along the radial direction of the stator table. In this case, by making the coil into a substantially elongated wedge shape, it is possible to increase the number of lines of magnetic force that cross the coil, thereby increasing the power generation efficiency.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the said generator has a wind sensor and it is comprised so that the said block may be switched to either in series, parallel, or the combination according to the output from this wind sensor. According to this configuration, the wind sensor is used to connect all the blocks in series and give priority to the voltage when the wind is weak. On the other hand, when the wind is strong, connect all the blocks in parallel to suppress the voltage. For example, it is possible to effectively use wind energy according to wind power without waste.

  According to the wind power generator of the present invention, wind power can be converted into electric power without being wasted from light wind to strong wind.

Hereinafter, embodiments of a wind turbine generator according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a perspective explanatory view of a wind power generator G according to an embodiment of the present invention. The wind turbine generator G includes a vertical blade type windmill 2 that can rotate around a fixed shaft 1 provided in a direction perpendicular to the ground, and a generator 3 that generates electric power by the rotational force of the windmill 2. As the vertical blade type windmill 2, the windmill is rotated by the drag generated by the blade, such as paddle type and Savonius type, and the windmill is rotated by the lift generated by the blade, such as Darrie type and gyromill type. Although a lift type can be used, it is preferable to use a Savonius type windmill from the point that the structure is simple and high power generation is possible. By adopting the vertical blade type windmill 2, it is possible to generate power by operating with respect to the wind blowing from any direction regardless of the direction of the wind.

  The windmill 2 is a Savonius-type windmill, and the rotation shaft 4 is rotatably supported on the fixed shaft 1 via a bearing (not shown), and the rotation is performed in the vicinity of the upper end and the lower end of the rotation shaft 4. A plurality of support columns 5 projecting radially outward from the outer peripheral surface of the shaft 4 and a blade 6 fixed to the tip of the support column 5.

  Four struts 5 are arranged at intervals of 90 ° near the upper end and the lower end of the rotating shaft 4, respectively, and one blade 6 is supported by two corresponding upper and lower struts 5. The blade 6 is formed by bending a thin plate material made of an aluminum alloy or synthetic resin into a streamlined wing shape, and is disposed so as to be parallel to the rotating shaft 4. The length of the blade 6 (the dimension in the direction parallel to the rotating shaft 4) can be appropriately selected according to the required amount of power generation. For example, in the case of small power (1 to 3 kW), 1 to 2 m, In the case of medium power (4 to 5 kw), it can be set to 3 to 5 m, and in the case of large power (6 to 8 kw), it can be set to 7 to 8 m.

  The generator 3 is disposed below the windmill 2, and as shown in FIG. 2, the upper surface thereof is connected to the rotating shaft 4 of the windmill 2 and is rotatably supported by the fixed shaft 1. A hollow disk-shaped rotating casing 10, a disk-shaped stator table 11 fixed to the fixed shaft 1 in the rotating casing 10, and a plurality of ring-shaped arranged along the outer periphery of the stator table 11 Fixed to the inner surface of the rotating casing 10 and a plurality of first magnets 13 arranged in a ring shape so as to face the upper surface of the coil 12, and to the inner surface of the rotating casing 10, A plurality of second magnets 14 arranged in a ring shape so as to face the lower surface of the coil 12 are provided.

  The rotary casing 10 is rotatably supported on the fixed shaft 1 via a bearing 15, and a ring-shaped base 16 on which the base portions of the lower four columns 5 among the columns 5 are gathered, Since it is being fixed to the upper surface of the said rotation casing 10, when the windmill 2 rotates with a wind force, the rotation casing 10 also rotates the fixed shaft 1 rotation with this windmill 2. As shown in FIG.

  The stator table 11 is formed with a hole through which the fixed shaft 1 is inserted at a central portion thereof, and a fixed portion 17a erected vertically in the axial direction (axial direction of the fixed shaft) along the periphery of the hole. It is fixed to the fixed shaft 1 by a mounting bracket 17 having As shown in FIG. 3, the stator table 11 is formed with 32 substantially wedge-shaped holes 18 along the circumferential direction, and in each hole 18 is an iron core made of a laminated body of silicon steel plates. 19 is fixed so as to penetrate the hole 18 (see FIG. 2). The coils 12 are wound around the iron core 19, and are wound clockwise and counterclockwise every other. That is, 16 of the 32 coils are wound clockwise, and the remaining 16 are wound counterclockwise. As described above, by alternately arranging the coils having different winding directions, the output voltage is obtained as a substantially trapezoidal AC waveform, but is converted into DC by the rectifier.

  In addition, by loading the iron core 19 inside the coil 12, the number of lines of magnetic force that cross the coil 12 can be increased, and as a result, a large amount of current can be generated. Moreover, by making the coil 12 into a vertically long substantially wedge shape, it is possible to increase the number of magnetic lines of force that cross the coil 12, thereby increasing the power generation efficiency.

  In the present embodiment, the number of the first magnets 13 and the second magnets 14 is sixteen. That is, when N is a natural number, the number of the coils 12 is 2N (N = 16), and the number of the first magnets 13 and the second magnets 14 is N (= 16). Moreover, the said 1st magnet 13 and the 2nd magnet 14 are arrange | positioned so that every other may oppose the coil 12 (refer FIG. 4). Thus, by making the number of magnets on one side (the upper surface side or the lower surface side of the coil) half of the coil, it is possible to create a state in which the magnet is not opposed to the magnet at all. As a result, the number of lines of magnetic force that cross the coil can be effectively increased or decreased, thereby increasing the generated current.

  In the present embodiment, all the polarities of the first magnet 13 facing the upper surface of the coil 12 are N poles, while the second magnet 14 is facing the lower surface of the coil 12. All polarities are S poles. As described above, a large amount of current can be generated by loading the iron core 19 inside the coil 12, but on the other hand, the cogging torque increases due to the influence of the magnets 13 and 14, and the windmill rotates in a light wind. It is thought that it will disappear. However, if the polarities of the magnets 13 and 14 are unified on the upper surface side and the lower surface side of the coil 12, even if the magnets 13 and 14 are disposed close to the iron core 19, the direction of cutting the magnetic field lines (parallel to the magnetic field lines). Although a large force is required to move the magnet in the direction), it can be easily moved in a direction perpendicular to the magnetic field lines. The cogging torque can be reduced by utilizing the principle that it is easy to shift the magnetic field in the lateral direction.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the adjacent magnets 13 and 14 are filled with a filler 20 made of a synthetic resin such as ceramic or epoxy resin. The surfaces of the filler 20 and the magnets 13 and 14 are It is made flush by polishing. As described above, the space between the adjacent magnets 13 and 14 is filled with the filler 20, and the polishing is performed so that the filler 20 and the magnets 13 and 14 are flush with each other. When rotating, it is possible to prevent generation of noise (wind noise) due to the space between the magnets 13 and 14.

  In the present embodiment, the 32 coils 12 are divided into eight blocks, and the four coils 12 are connected in series in each block. The eight blocks are switched between serial, parallel, or a combination thereof according to the output of a known wind sensor or wind speed sensor (not shown) equipped with the generator 3. In this way, the plurality of coils 12 in the generator 3 are divided into a plurality of blocks, the coils 12 in each block are connected in series, and the connection between the blocks can be switched according to the wind speed. For example, when the wind is weak, connect all the blocks in series and give priority to the voltage.When the wind is strong, connect all the blocks in parallel to suppress the voltage. Wind energy can be used effectively without waste.

5-8 is a figure which shows the example of a connection of a coil block, respectively. In the present embodiment, eight coil blocks B are configured, and the connection between the coil blocks is switched according to the wind speed.
When the rotational speed of the windmill 2 is the value shown in Table 1 below, the connection of the coil block B is sequentially switched from the one shown in FIG. 5 to the one shown in FIG. 8 as the value increases.

  That is, when the wind speed is small and the rotational speed of the windmill is 100 rpm (case 1), as shown in FIG. 5, eight coil blocks B are connected in series. Assuming that the power generation voltage of each coil block B is 10V, a power generation voltage of 80V can be obtained in the entire generator. If the current value of each coil block B is 1 A, the current value of the entire generator is also 1 A, so the output of the generator is 80 × 1 = 80 [w].

  Further, when the wind speed is slightly increased and the rotational speed of the windmill is 200 rpm (case 2), as shown in FIG. 6, the eight coil blocks B are further divided into four groups, and the two coils constituting each group. Block B is connected in parallel and four groups are connected in series. When the power generation voltage of each coil block B is 30V, the power generation voltage of each group is 30V, and the power generation voltage of 30 × 4 = 120V is obtained in the whole generator. If the current value of each coil block B is 1A, the current value of each group is 2A, and the current value of the entire generator is also 2A. Therefore, the output of the generator is 120 × 2 = 240 [w]. Become.

  Further, when the wind speed is increased and the rotational speed of the windmill is 300 rpm (case 3), as shown in FIG. 7, the eight coil blocks B are divided into two groups, and the four coil blocks B constituting each group are divided. Connect in parallel and connect the two groups in series. If the power generation voltage of each coil block B is 90V, the power generation voltage of each group is also 90V, and a power generation voltage of 90 × 2 = 180V is obtained in the entire generator. When the current value of each coil block B is 1A, the current value of each group is 4A, and the current value of the entire generator is 4A. Therefore, the output of the generator is 180 × 4 = 720 [w]. Become.

Finally, when the wind speed is further increased and the rotational speed of the windmill is 400 rpm (case 4), all eight coil blocks B are connected in parallel as shown in FIG. Assuming that the power generation voltage of each coil block B is 180V, a power generation voltage of 180V can be obtained even in the entire generator. If the current value of each coil block B is 1 A, the current value of the entire generator is 8 A, and the output of the generator is 180 × 8 = 1440 [w].
The generated voltage obtained as described above can be boosted to a predetermined voltage (for example, 217 V) by an automatic voltage regulator, for example, and can be connected to a cooperative control controller according to the standard of the electric power company.

  In the present invention, the number and shape of coils and magnets, the number of coils constituting one coil block, and the switching method between series and parallel are not particularly limited, and the scale of the power generation device, It can be selected as appropriate according to the climate (wind strength, etc.) of the installation location of the device.

It is a perspective explanatory view of one embodiment of a wind power generator of the present invention. It is a cross-sectional explanatory drawing of the generator in the wind power generator shown by FIG. It is plane explanatory drawing of the stator table in a generator. It is sectional explanatory drawing of the coil and magnet in a generator. It is a figure which shows the example of a connection of a coil block. It is a figure which shows the example of a connection of a coil block. It is a figure which shows the example of a connection of a coil block. It is a figure which shows the example of a connection of a coil block.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Fixed shaft 2 Windmill 3 Generator 3 Rotating shaft 5 Support | pillar 6 Blade 10 Rotating casing 11 Stator table 12 Coil 13 1st magnet 14 2nd magnet 19 Iron core 20 Filler

Claims (6)

A wind turbine generator comprising a vertical blade type windmill capable of rotating around a fixed axis provided in a direction perpendicular to the ground, and a generator for generating electricity by the rotational force of the windmill,
The generator is connected to the wind turbine and is rotatably supported by the fixed shaft, a disk-shaped stator table fixed to the fixed shaft in the rotary casing, and the stator table A plurality of coils arranged in a ring shape along the outer periphery, a plurality of first magnets fixed to the inner surface of the rotating casing and arranged in a ring shape so as to face the upper surface of the coil; A plurality of second magnets fixed to the inner surface of the rotating casing and arranged in a ring shape so as to face the lower surface of the coil,
The said several coil is divided | segmented into several blocks, and it is comprised so that the connection of each block can be switched according to a wind speed, The wind power generator characterized by the above-mentioned.   The coil is wound around an iron core, and the polarity of the portion of the first magnet facing the upper surface of the coil is all one of the N pole and the S pole. 2. The wind turbine generator according to claim 1, wherein polarities of portions of the second magnet facing the lower surface of the coil are all the other poles.   When N is a natural number, the number of the coils is 2N, and the number of the first magnet and the second magnet is N, respectively. The wind power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 2, arranged so as to face each other.   The wind turbine generator according to claim 3, wherein a filler made of ceramic or synthetic resin is filled between adjacent magnets, and the filler and the surface of the magnet are polished so as to be flush with each other.   The wind power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the coil has a substantially long wedge shape along a radial direction of the stator table.   The said generator has a wind sensor, It is comprised so that the said block may be switched to either in series, parallel, or those combination according to the output from this wind sensor. The wind power generator according to the above.

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