JP2009018191A - 携帯用酸素濃縮器用アクセサリ、携帯用酸素濃縮器、および携帯用酸素濃縮器システム - Google Patents
携帯用酸素濃縮器用アクセサリ、携帯用酸素濃縮器、および携帯用酸素濃縮器システム Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】携帯用酸素濃縮器システムは、エネルギ源と、当該エネルギ源によって駆動され、外気を濃縮酸素ガスに変換するよう構成された空気分離装置と、患者が必要とする濃縮酸素に関して1つもしくはそれ以上の状態を表示するよう構成された少なくとも1つのセンサと、そして当該センサによって検知された1つもしくはそれ以上の状態に少なくとも部分的に基づいて患者が必要とする量の酸素ガスを供給するよう空気分離器を制御する、空気分離器とセンサに相互連結された制御ユニットとを含む。酸素濃縮器用アクセサリは、酸素濃縮器及び/又は酸素濃縮器の患者に関する情報を伝達するため、前記酸素濃縮器と遠隔にあるコンピュータとが交信できるよう構成された交信手段を含む。
【選択図】図5
Description
図1において、一般に符号100で示す携帯用酸素濃縮器は、以下に述べる本発明の実施の形態にしたがって構成されている。この酸素濃縮システム100は、周囲の空気から濃縮された酸素を分離する酸素ガス発生器102などの空気分離装置と、この酸素ガス発生器102を少なくとも部分的に駆動させる充電式バッテリ、バッテリ・パック、燃料セル104などのエネルギ源と、ユーザに必要とされる、すなわちシステム100から要求される酸素出力を決定するため、ユーザ108、環境などの1つ、もしくはそれ以上の状態を検知するために使用される1つ、もしくはそれ以上の出力センサ106と、前記1つ、もしくはそれ以上の出力センサ106によって検知された1つ、もしくはそれ以上の状態に基づいて空気分離装置102を制御するため、出力センサ106、空気分離装置102、エネルギ源104に接続された制御ユニット110と、を含んでいる。
A. 空気分離装置
図2において、空気分離装置は、一般にコンプレッサ112などのポンプと、一体に形成可能な酸素濃縮器114(OC)とを含む酸素発生器102であることが好ましい。
このコンプレッサ112に使用され得るコンプレッサ技術には、ロータリ・ベーン、リニア・ピストンとリスト・ピン、リスト・ピンの無いリニア・ピストン、揺動ディスク(nutating disc)、スクロール、回転ピストン、ダイアフラム・ポンプ、アコースティックなどを含むが、これらのものに限定はされない。好ましくはコンプレッサ112と真空発生器124とはモータ118と一体化されたオイル・レス方式で、オイルもしくはグリスが空気通路内に入るのを防止する。
好ましい実施の形態では、濃縮器114は、医療用や工業用に適用される先端技術分別器(ATF:Advanced Technology Fractionator)である。前記ATFは、圧力スイング吸収(PSA)プロセス、真空スイング吸収(VPSA)プロセス、急速PSAプロセス、超急速PSAプロセス、その他のプロセスを実行することができる。PSAプロセスが実行されると、その濃縮器は、その中の複数のふるい(篩)ベッドを介して空気の流れを制御する回転バルブ、もしくは非回転バルブ機構を含めることができる。前記ふるいベッドは、気体の流れが前記ベッドに入る所では大きな径、気体の流れが前記ベッドから排出される所では小さな径を有するテーパ状にしてもよい。このようにふるいベッドをテーパ状にすることは、同じ出力を得るにしてもより少ない材料とより少ない流れで済むこととなる。好ましい実施の形態ではATF濃縮器114が使用されるが、当該技術分野の知識を有する者には容易に明らかなように、例えば膜分離式や電気化学セル(高温もしくは低温)などの他の形式の濃縮器、もしくは空気分離装置を使用することもできるが、これらに限定されるものではない。もしその他の形式の濃縮器、もしくは空気分離装置が使用されるならば、ここに述べる態様の一部をそれにしたがって変更しなければならないことは、当該技術分野の知識を有する者には容易に理解されよう。例えば、前記空気分離装置が膜分離式のものであれば、空気をシステム内で移動させるためにはコンプレッサではなくてポンプが使用され得る。
さらに図3において、軽量で携帯可能なシステム100として適切に機能するためには、システム100は適切な再充電可能なエネルギ源からエネルギ供給を受けなければならない。このエネルギ源は、好ましくはリチウム・イオン形式の充電式バッテリ104を含む。当該技術分野の知識を有する者には容易に理解されるように、システム100は、リチウム・イオン・バッテリ以外にも他の携帯用エネルギ源からの供給も受け得る。例えば、充電式もしくは取替え式の燃料セルが使用され得る。当該システムは、全般に1つの充電式バッテリ104により動力供給されるように記述されているが、システム100は多数のバッテリによっても動力供給がされ得る。したがって、ここで言う「バッテリ」は、1つ、もしくはそれ以上のバッテリを含む。さらには、充電式バッテリ104には、1つ、もしくはそれ以上の内部、及び/又は外部バッテリを含み得る。バッテリ104、もしくはバッテリ104を含むバッテリ・モジュールは、好ましくはシステム100から着脱が可能である。システム100は、標準の内部バッテリ、低価格バッテリ、延長作動内部バッテリ、クリップ取り付けモジュールの外部の2次的バッテリを使用することができる。
図1、2、4において、1つ、もしくはそれ以上の出力センサ106が、ユーザ108や環境などの1つ、もしくはそれ以上の状態を検知するために使用され、ユーザに必要な酸素流量、すなわちシステム100に必要とされる酸素流出量を特定する。制御ユニット110は、前記の1つ、もしくはそれ以上の出力センサ106と酸素ガス発生器102とに接続されており、この1つ、もしくはそれ以上の出力センサ106によって検知された状態に基づいて酸素発生器102を制御する。前記出力センサは、生理状態センサ、すなわち代謝センサ156、及び高度センサ158のほかにも、圧力センサ150、姿勢センサ152、加速度センサ154を含む。
図5において、制御ユニット110は、当該技術におけるどのような既知の形態であってもよく、前記システムを制御し、管理するために、1つ、もしくはそれ以上のインターフェース、制御器、もしくは他の電気回路要素を介して、上述のシステムの構成要素と交信する中央マイクロプロセサ、すなわちCPU160を有することができる。システム100は、システム100を制御するため、ユーザ、供給業者、医師などが、例えば処方酸素レベル、流量、活動レベルなどの情報を入力するユーザ・インターフェース111を、制御ユニット110の一部として、もしくは制御ユニット110に接続されて含んでいても良い。
図6において、酸素ガス発生器102で生成された酸素をより効率的に使用するために、システム100に節約装置、すなわち需要装置190を組み込むことができる。通常の呼吸の間、ユーザ108は、吸息/呼息サイクル時間の約1/3を吸息に、残りの2/3を呼息に当てている。呼息の間にユーザ108に供給される全ての酸素の流れはユーザ108にとっては不要のもので、その結果この余剰の酸素の流れを効率的に提供する追加のバッテリ電力は無駄にされている。節約装置190は、カニューレ111もしくはシステム100の他の部分の圧力変化を検知するセンサを含むことができ、呼吸サイクルの吸息の部分のみ、もしくは吸息の部分の一部にのみ酸素を供給させることができる。例えば、吸息された最後の部分の空気は、鼻と肺の入口の間に停滞するだけで何の役にも立っておらず、節約装置190は、酸素の流れを吸息が終わる前に停止するよう構成し、システム100の効率を改善することができる。改善された効率は、システム100の大きさ、重量、コスト、電力量の低下として還元され得る。
図7において、酸素ガス発生器102がユーザ108の要求する量の酸素ガスを供給できないときに追加量の酸素をユーザ108に供給するため、高圧貯蔵器164を2次的ライン166に配置することができる。2次的ライン166の以下に述べるどの構成要素も、これらを制御するために制御ユニット110、もしくは高圧貯蔵器制御器167に接続され得る。この追加のガスが必要とされる状況の例としては、システム100が通電されたときに椅子から立ち上がるなど、ユーザが急に非活動状態から活動状態に移るとき、もしくはシステム100が節約モードや睡眠モードから活動モードに切り換わるときなど、ユーザが突然非活動状態から活動状態に移るときに起こり得る。ここで使用する2次的ラインとは、前記構成要素をライン内に接続するために使用されるチューブ、コネクタなどを意味する。気体酸素を2次的ライン166に流すよう、バルブ168が制御ユニット110によって制御され得る。このバルブ168は、気体酸素が供給ライン121と2次的ライン166との双方に同時に流れるようにも、供給ライン121のみに流れるようにも、2次的ライン166のみに流れるようにも構成することができる。
図3に戻って、本発明の代替の実施の形態では、システム100は、システム100の場所を特定する全地球測位システム(GPS)のレシーバ200を含んでもよい。レシーバ200の位置、すなわちユーザ108の位置は、遠隔測定機構、もしくはモデム151を介して遠隔コンピュータに送信が可能である。これは、ユーザが例えば心臓発作等の健康問題を抱えていたり、システムの緊急ボタンが押されたり、システムのアラームが作動したり、あるいはその他の理由があるときに、ユーザ108の居場所を見つけるのに好ましい。
架台134に加え、携帯用酸素濃縮システム100は、追加のオプションやアクセサリを含むことができる。各種の色と模様のショルダバッグ、バックパック、ファニーパック、フロントパック、スプリットパックなど、多くの異なる形式のバッグが、システム100やその他のシステムのアクセサリを持ち運ぶために使用することができるが、これらのものに限定するものではない。悪天候や他の環境障害からシステムを保護するためにカバーの使用をすることができる。システム100は、ローラ付きトロリー/カート、スーツケース、旅行かばんなどによって搬送することもできる。前記旅行かばんは、システム100及びこれに加えてカニューレ111、予備バッテリ、アダプタなどを運ぶための十分な余裕のあるデザインとすることができる。システム100を保持するためのフック、帯、ホルダの例としては、自動車のシートベルト用のフック、歩行者用のフック/帯、車椅子用のフック/帯、病院のベッド用フック/帯、換気装置などの他の医療装置用のフック、ゴルフバッグもしくはゴルフカート用のフック/帯、自転車用のフック/帯、吊り下げフックなどが含まれるが、これらに限定されるものではない。システム100はまた、1つ、もしくはそれ以上の警報器オプションを含むことができる。システム100の警報器は、例えば検知されたユーザ108の生理状態が予め定められた幅を外れた場合などに作動し得る。さらに前記警報器は、ユーザ108によって操作され得るパニック警報器を含んでもよい。前記警報器は、システム100にブザーもしくは他の音響装置を作動させ、及び/又は前記遠隔測定機構もしくはモデム151を使って他の者、例えば医師、緊急派遣者、介護人、家族などに伝達することもできる。
Claims (8)
- 酸素濃縮器のエネルギ源を充電し、及び/又は前記酸素濃縮器に電力を供給するために当該酸素濃縮器を外部のエネルギ源に接続するよう構成された、酸素濃縮器用アクセサリであって、
前記酸素濃縮器、及び/又は前記酸素濃縮器のユーザに関する情報を伝達するため、前記酸素濃縮器と遠隔にあるコンピュータとが交信できるよう構成された交信手段を含んでなることを特徴とする、酸素濃縮器用アクセサリ。 - 前記酸素濃縮器を受け入れて保持する架台として構成されたことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の酸素濃縮器用アクセサリ。
- 前記酸素濃縮器、及び/又は前記ユーザに関する情報が、下記(a)乃至(e)に記載のうちの少なくとも一つの情報又は警報であるように構成されたことを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の酸素濃縮器用アクセサリ。
(a)当該ユーザの生理的情報である、心拍、酸素飽和度、呼吸数、血圧、EKG、体温、又は吸息/呼息時間比率(I:E比率)に関する情報
(b)前記酸素濃縮器の情報である、酸素使用量、前記酸素濃縮器のメンテナンス・スケジュール、又はバッテリ使用量に関する情報
(c)当該ユーザの位置の情報
(d)当該ユーザの生理状態が予め定められた幅を超えた場合に生成される警報
(e)当該ユーザによって操作されて生成されるパニック警報 - 前記交信手段が当該酸素濃縮器用アクセサリとは切り離されて構成され、
当該交信手段と直接交信を行うための交信ポートを備えたことを特徴とする、請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の酸素濃縮器用アクセサリ。 - 当該酸素濃縮器用アクセサリとは切り離されて構成された前記交信手段が、当該酸素濃縮器用アクセサリのある場所に設けられ、且つ、前記交信を実行するためのソフトウェアを含んだコンピュータであることを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の酸素濃縮器用アクセサリ。
- 前記酸素濃縮器が、前記ユーザによる持ち運び、あるいは搬送具を使用した搬送によって目的地まで移動可能に構成された携帯型酸素濃縮器であることを特徴とする、請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載の酸素濃縮器用アクセサリ。
- 請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載された酸素濃縮器用アクセサリに接続して前記エネルギ源との接続を行う第1の接続手段と、当該酸素濃縮器用アクセサリに接続して前記遠隔にあるコンピュータとの交信を可能とする第2の接続手段と、を備えたことを特徴とする、酸素濃縮器。
- 異なる複数の場所にそれぞれ配置された請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載された複数の酸素濃縮器用アクセサリと、
前記ユーザによる持ち運び、あるいは搬送具を使用した搬送によって前記複数の異なる場所にそれぞれ移動した状態で前記各酸素濃縮器用アクセサリにそれぞれ接続して前記エネルギ源との接続を行う第1の接続手段、及び、当該酸素濃縮器用アクセサリに接続して前記遠隔にあるコンピュータとの交信を可能とする第2の接続手段を備えた携帯型酸素濃縮器と、を有することを特徴とする、酸素濃縮器システム。
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AU775454B2 (en) | 2004-08-05 |
AU6521600A (en) | 2002-02-18 |
JP2002045424A (ja) | 2002-02-12 |
EP1307278A1 (en) | 2003-05-07 |
ATE416022T1 (de) | 2008-12-15 |
EP2033703B1 (en) | 2010-10-20 |
WO2002011861A1 (en) | 2002-02-14 |
US6629525B2 (en) | 2003-10-07 |
EP1307278B1 (en) | 2008-12-03 |
DE60041007D1 (de) | 2009-01-15 |
ATE485093T1 (de) | 2010-11-15 |
US20020096174A1 (en) | 2002-07-25 |
US6651658B1 (en) | 2003-11-25 |
CA2417339C (en) | 2007-05-01 |
JP4377089B2 (ja) | 2009-12-02 |
JP5055235B2 (ja) | 2012-10-24 |
ES2316379T3 (es) | 2009-04-16 |
ES2355199T3 (es) | 2011-03-23 |
CA2417339A1 (en) | 2002-02-14 |
DK1307278T3 (da) | 2009-03-23 |
EP2033703A1 (en) | 2009-03-11 |
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