JP2009013758A - Outer wall structure and its construction method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an outer wall structure and its construction method, capable of reducing cost by shortening a construction period, by easily forming a ventilation layer by using a lightweight material, in the outer wall structure installed on a backing surface of a building outer wall. <P>SOLUTION: Double fabric 4 is installed on the backing surface 1 of the building outer wall, and a finishing layer 5 is formed on its outside surface. The double fabric 4 used here has a structure having fabrics 6 and 7 of obverse-reverse two layers and a connecting thread 8 connecting the fabrics of its two layers at an interval, and the ventilation layer is formed between the backing surface 1 and the finishing layer 5 by a void formed between the fabrics 6 and 7 of the obverse-reverse two layers. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an outer wall structure of a building and a construction method thereof, and more particularly to an outer wall structure having a ventilation function for preventing condensation and water leakage and a construction method thereof.

  In recent years, buildings have become highly insulated and highly airtight for the purpose of energy saving. As a result, a large temperature difference occurs between the inside and outside of the building outer wall, and condensation tends to occur inside the outer wall. In addition, the surface and joints of the finishing material may crack due to an earthquake or due to deterioration over the years, and water may leak from the crack into the outer wall. Due to this dew condensation and water leakage, there is a high possibility that defects in the material inside the outer wall, for example, problems such as rot of wood will occur. Therefore, an outer wall structure with a ventilation function in which a ventilation layer is provided inside the outer wall in order to prevent condensation and water leakage has been used.

  Conventionally, as an outer wall structure with a ventilation function, a large number of elongated wooden bars are arranged at intervals on the lower ground of the outer wall of the building, or in the case of an outer heat insulating wall, on the surface of the heat insulating material attached to the outer wall of the building. Attaching the formed ventilator rim, coating a mortar with a wire mesh such as lath on it, forming a surface layer, a composite plate having a mortar layer formed on the surface of the ventilator rim described above Attached and formed with a surface layer (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-336823), a ventilation lath having a large number of convex portions is attached in place of the ventilation trunk edge, and a waterproof net and a wire mesh such as a lath are mounted thereon A mortar is applied by stretching the film to form a surface layer (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-52538).

  However, in these conventional outer wall structures, there is a problem that the structure of the ventilation trunk edge and ventilation lath used for forming the ventilation layer is complicated and the installation work on the site is troublesome. In addition, the ventilating rim and the ventilation lath are heavy, so it takes time to construct, and the outer wall of the building is made strong enough to withstand the weight of the heavy ventilation rim and ventilation lath. There was also a problem that it was necessary to keep.

JP 2005-336823 A JP 2006-52538 A

  The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and provides an outer wall structure that can easily form a ventilation layer using a lightweight material, can shorten the work period, and can reduce the cost, and a method for constructing the outer wall structure. Let it be an issue.

  The outer wall structure of the present invention made to solve the above problems has a double knitted fabric attached to the lower ground of a building outer wall, and a finishing layer attached to the outer surface of the double knitted fabric, The double knitted fabric has a structure having a front and back two-layer knitted fabric and a connecting yarn for connecting the two-layer knitted fabric with an interval, and a ventilation layer is formed between the base surface and the finishing layer It is characterized by that.

  The present invention can also be applied to an outer heat insulating wall. In this case, the outer wall structure includes a heat insulating material attached to the lower ground of a building outer wall and a double wall attached to the outer surface of the heat insulating material. A connecting yarn having a knitted fabric and a finishing layer attached to the outer surface of the double knitted fabric, wherein the double knitted fabric joins the knitted fabric of the front and back two layers and the knitted fabric of the two layers at an interval. The air-permeable layer is formed between the heat insulating material and the finishing layer.

  In the double knitted fabric used in the outer wall structure described above, the connecting yarns connecting the two layers of the front and back layers are alternately inclined to the left and right at predetermined intervals in the continuous direction of the string portions forming the knitted fabric. It is preferable to use a truss structure because the compressive strength is high.

  In the above outer wall structure, the finishing layer may be formed by attaching boards, but the finishing layer is preferably composed of an undercoat layer and an overcoat layer formed by a wet method at a construction site. Since the surface of the double knitted fabric is a knitted fabric, it can be fixed easily and reliably by applying a primer such as mortar or coating material used in the wet method, and the construction of the finishing layer is easy. It can be carried out.

  The construction method of the present invention is a step of attaching a double knitted fabric having a structure having a connecting yarn for connecting the knitted fabric of the front and back two layers and the knitted fabric of the two layers at an interval to the lower ground of the building outer wall; It has the process of forming a finishing layer in the outer surface of this double knitted fabric, By this, the outer wall structure of this invention mentioned above can be formed.

  Moreover, the construction method when the present invention is applied to an outer heat insulating wall includes a step of attaching a heat insulating material to a lower ground of a building outer wall, a front and back two-layer knitted fabric and the two layers on the outer surface of the heat insulating material. A step of attaching a double knitted fabric having a connecting yarn for connecting the knitted fabrics at intervals, and a step of attaching a finishing material to the outer surface of the double knitted fabric. An outer wall structure can be formed. In addition, the process of attaching the heat insulating material to the base surface and the process of attaching the double knitted fabric to the surface of the heat insulating material are not necessarily performed in this order, but first perform the step of attaching the double knitted fabric to the surface of the heat insulating material, Next, a step of attaching a heat insulating material (and a double knitted fabric attached thereto) to the base surface may be performed, and furthermore, both steps are performed simultaneously, that is, the heat insulating material and the double knitted fabric are simultaneously attached to the base surface. May be.

  In the outer wall structure having the above structure, a double knitted fabric is interposed between the base surface (or the outer surface of the heat insulating material attached to the surface) and the finishing layer, so that this acts as a ventilation layer, and the outer wall Condensation and water leakage can be prevented. In addition, it is possible to form a ventilation layer simply by placing a double knitted fabric between the base surface (or the outer surface of the heat insulating material attached to the surface) and the finishing layer. Compared to the case where a ventilation layer is used, the structure is simple and construction is easy, and the double knitted fabric is lightweight, so there is no need to reinforce the wall to attach this double knitted fabric, The cost of the building can be reduced. In construction, the double knitted fabric can be easily attached to the base surface side using a screw with a net-stopping plastic seat, a fixing screw such as a special fastener, staples, adhesives, etc. The finishing layer can be formed on the surface by either a wet finishing method or a dry finishing method. For example, a double knitted fabric is attached to the base surface side with a screw with a net-stopping plastic seat, a set screw such as a special fastener, or staples, and the outer wall structure is formed by forming a finishing layer on the surface side by a wet finishing method. In this case, the undercoat material of the finishing layer penetrates into the knitted fabric on the surface side of the double knitted fabric, so that it adheres firmly to the double knitted fabric by a reliable anchor effect, and the finishing layer is doubled on the ground surface. An outer wall structure firmly bonded through the knitted fabric is obtained. Moreover, at that time, the undercoat material only enters the vicinity of the end portion on the surface side of the connecting yarn that connects the front and back knitted fabrics of the double knitted fabric, so that a sufficient gap is left between the front and back knitted fabrics. Therefore, the ventilation layer can be formed reliably. Furthermore, the double knitted fabric is more flexible than the conventionally used lath wire mesh, so that the flexibility remains in the region connected with the connecting yarn even when the undercoat enters the surface side knitted fabric. For this reason, even if a difference in dimensional change based on a temperature difference or the like occurs between the base material and the finishing layer sandwiching the double knitted fabric, or vibration occurs, the difference in dimensional change or vibration in the double knitted fabric. Can be absorbed, and cracks and the like hardly occur in the finished layer. Even when an adhesive is used instead of a set screw or staple to attach the double knitted fabric to the base surface side, the adhesive is applied to the adhesive of the double knitted fabric in the same manner as the primer. Since it only enters the knitted fabric on the contact side and in the vicinity of the end of the connecting yarn, the double knitted fabric can be firmly attached by the anchor effect, and a sufficient gap can be secured between the knitted fabrics on the front and back sides. The outer wall structure of the present invention can be provided on the outer wall of an arbitrary building, such as a wooden, steel-framed, or RC building, and is particularly effective when an air-permeable layer is formed on the outer wall structure constructed by a wet finishing method. It is.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to embodiments shown in the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing an outer wall structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a lower ground of a building outer wall, and reference numeral 2 denotes a base material for forming the base surface, and the outer wall structure according to the embodiment of the present invention is formed on the base surface. Here, the base material 2 to be attached to the outer wall structure of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be any member as long as it is a member located on the outer surface side of the building outer wall. A plywood, a lath base plate, a panel, or the like attached to the outer surface side of the wall in the building may be used, a frame in an RC building may be used, or a concrete block wall may be used. The outer wall structure formed on the surface of the base surface 1 basically includes a double knitted fabric 4 attached to the base surface 1 and a finishing layer 5 attached to the outer surface thereof.

  The double knitted fabric 4 has a structure having a connecting yarn 8 for connecting the two knitted fabrics 6, 7 of the front and back surfaces and the two knitted fabrics 6, 7 at an interval, It is used to form a ventilation layer between the finishing layer 5. The double knitted fabric 4 has the truss structure shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 although the mesh shape of the knitted fabric and the arrangement direction of the connecting yarns are arbitrary as long as the double knitted fabric 4 has the above-described structure. Is preferred. Hereinafter, the double knitted fabric 4 having this truss structure will be described.

  2 is a schematic plan view of the double knitted fabric 4, FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view showing the double knitted fabric 4 with the connecting yarn omitted, and FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view of the double knitted fabric 4. 2 to 4, the double knitted fabric 4 is provided with a knitted fabric 6 on the front side and a knitted fabric 7 on the back side, and a connecting yarn 8 that connects the knitted fabric 8 with a gap therebetween. Each of the knitted fabrics 6 and 7 on the front and back sides has a structure in which the string-like portions 9 arranged adjacent to each other are partially knotted so as to form a mesh 10, and the knitted fabric of the knitted fabrics 6 and 7 on the front and back sides. The portions 9 are shifted from each other. The connecting yarns 8 for connecting the string-like portions 9 of the front knitted fabric 6 to the string-like portions 9 of the lower knitted fabric 7 are alternately arranged at predetermined intervals in the continuous direction of the string portions 9 of the knitted fabric 6. It is connected to the string-like part 9 of the knitted fabric 7 located on the right side of the string-like part 9 and to the string-like part 9 of the knitted fabric 7 located on the left side, and thus a connecting yarn for connecting the two layers of the knitted fabric on the front and back However, the truss structure is formed by alternately tilting left and right at predetermined intervals in the continuous direction of the string portions forming the knitted fabric. Since the double knitted fabric 4 has a truss structure, the compressive strength is high. For this reason, when the double knitted fabric 4 is used for an outer wall structure as shown in FIG. Can always be kept constant, and the ventilation layer formed by the double knitted fabric 4 can always be present stably. In addition, since the connecting yarn 8 is inclined, the adhesive or primer that has entered beyond the knitted fabrics 6 and 7 when the adhesive or primer is applied to the surfaces of the knitted fabrics 6 and 7 of the double knitted fabric. Furthermore, it becomes difficult to enter into the back, so that a sufficient space can be left between the knitted fabrics 6 and 7. A detailed structure and a manufacturing method of such a double knitted fabric with a truss structure are described in Japanese Patent No. 2762052, and those described in that patent publication are suitable as the double knitted fabric 4 with an outer wall structure of the present invention. Can be used. The double knitted fabric 4 used in the present invention is not limited to the truss structure shown in FIGS. 2 to 4. For example, the string-like portions 9 of the knitted fabrics 6 and 7 on the front and back sides overlap each other. It is good also as a structure which arrange | positions and connects both with the connection thread | yarn extended in the same direction. Further, the connecting yarn 8 that connects the front and back knitted fabrics 6 and 7 is not limited to a straight one, and may be appropriately curved. When a curved connecting yarn is used, a cushioning property can be given between the knitted fabrics 6 and 7 on the front and back sides.

  The shape of the mesh 10 of the front and back knitted fabrics 6 and 7 of the double knitted fabric 4 (not limited to the truss structure) used in the present invention is arbitrary such as a hexagon, a rhombus, and a triangle, and the corners thereof. May be arcuate. If the size of the mesh 10 is too large, when an adhesive such as mortar or an undercoat is applied to the surface of the double knitted fabric, the adhesive or the undercoat enters the inside of the double knitted fabric and the gap becomes small. On the other hand, if it is too small, the adhesive or primer does not enter the mesh, and the anchor effect on the adhesive or primer is small and the adhesive strength is small. The length is 5 to 40 mm and the width is 3 to 20 mm, preferably 7 to 35 mm and the width is 4 to 15 mm. The thickness of the double knitted fabric 4 is required to be a certain level or more from the viewpoint of forming an effective ventilation layer. Even if the effect does not improve so much, it may be determined in consideration of these. Specifically, it is selected to be 2 to 65 mm, preferably 2 to 30 mm, and more preferably 4 to 10 mm.

  Although the fiber used for the double knitted fabric 4 is not specifically limited, Usually, synthetic fibers, such as polyester and polyamide which are excellent in water resistance, are used. In addition, natural fibers such as cotton and hemp, inorganic fibers such as glass fibers and carbon fibers, and the like may be used. These fibers are used in the form of multifilament yarns or monofilament yarns, and monofilament yarns are particularly suitable for the connecting yarns.

  In FIG. 1, a double knitted fabric 4 is attached to a base surface 1 directly or with a moisture permeable waterproof sheet 15 interposed therebetween. This attachment is performed using a screw with a net stopper plastic seat, a fixing screw 16 such as a dedicated fastener, a staple 17 or the like. Further, an adhesive may be used in place of or in combination with the set screw 16 and the staple 17. As the adhesive, it is preferable to use a slightly elastic material such as a slightly elastic resin mortar. When the double knitted fabric 4 is attached using an adhesive, the adhesive is applied to the base surface 1 and the double knitted fabric 4 is simply pressed onto it, and the adhesive is then knitted on the surface of the double knitted fabric 4. By entering inside 6, the excellent anchor effect can be exhibited, and the double knitted fabric 4 can be firmly bonded to the base surface 1 by a simple operation.

  The finishing layer 5 formed on the surface of the double knitted fabric 4 may be formed by a wet method or a dry method, but from the viewpoint of effectively utilizing the characteristics of the double knitted fabric 4. Is preferably formed by a wet method. That is, it is preferable to form the undercoat layer 20 on the surface of the double knitted fabric 4 by a wet method and form the overcoat layer 21 thereon. In forming the undercoat layer 20, it is preferable to apply the undercoat material in two portions. By applying the undercoat material in two portions, variation in the amount of the undercoat material entering the mesh on the surface side of the double knitted fabric 4 is reduced. be able to. For example, it is applied so as to enter a thickness of about 2 mm at the maximum from the mesh at the first time, and about 3 to 10 mm at the second time. By applying a reinforcing material 22 such as a glass net after the first undercoat and then applying a second undercoat, variation in the amount of the undercoat entering the mesh of the double knitted fabric 4 can be reduced. Is less likely to occur. By reducing the variation in the amount of the undercoat material that enters the mesh of the double knitted fabric 4, the area of the opening inside the double knitted fabric 4 also varies depending on the location. An undercoat material such as cement mortar or water-resistant paint can be used for the undercoat layer 20, and by applying these to the surface of the double knitted fabric 4, a part of the undercoat material is the surface of the double knitted fabric 4. The undercoat layer 20 can be firmly adhered to the surface of the double knitted fabric 4 by a simple operation. A material capable of imparting a desired appearance and characteristics to the outer wall surface may be appropriately used for the topcoat layer 21. For example, the topcoat layer 21 is formed by inorganic finishing, elastic finishing, spray finishing, paint finishing, or the like. it can. Further, instead of forming the overcoat layer 21, boards or tiles may be attached.

  The outer wall structure having the above structure includes a step of attaching the double knitted fabric 2 directly or via a moisture permeable waterproof sheet 15 to the lower ground 1 of the building outer wall, and a finish layer 5 formed on the outer surface of the double knitted fabric 4 It can be done by performing the process. Here, the double knitted fabric 4 is lightweight and flexible, and can be supplied in the form of a roll or a standard size. Therefore, the double knitted fabric 4 is easy to handle and can be attached to the base surface 1 very easily. Further, when the double knitted fabric 4 is attached to the base surface 1 with an adhesive, or when the finishing layer 5 is formed on the surface by a wet method, the adhesive and the double knitted fabric 4 can be firmly bonded by a simple operation. Adhesive and strong adhesion between the double knitted fabric 4 and the finishing layer 5 can be secured, and the construction is easy.

  In the outer wall structure formed as described above, the double knitted fabric 4 is interposed between the base surface 1 and the finishing layer 5, so that this acts as a ventilation layer, which prevents condensation and water leakage in the outer wall. Can be prevented. Further, since the ventilation layer can be formed simply by disposing the double knitted fabric 4 between the base surface 1 and the finishing layer 5, compared to the case where the ventilation layer is formed using a conventional ventilation drum edge or a lath metal mesh. The structure is simple and easy to construct, and the double knitted fabric 4 is lightweight, so there is no need to reinforce the walls to attach the double knitted fabric 4 and the cost of the building is reduced. You can also. When the double knitted fabric 4 is attached to the base surface side with an adhesive and the finishing layer 5 is formed by a wet method, the adhesive, the undercoat, and the like are knitted fabrics 6 and 7 on the front and back of the double knitted fabric 4. Since it goes inside, it adheres firmly to the double knitted fabric 4 by a reliable anchor effect. In addition, at that time, the adhesive, the undercoat, and the like enter only near the ends of the connecting yarns 8 that connect the front and back knitted fabrics 6 and 7 of the double knitted fabric 4. The air gap is left, and the ventilation layer can be formed reliably. Furthermore, since the double knitted fabric 4 is more flexible than the conventionally used lath wire mesh, the double knitted fabric 4 is connected with the connecting yarn 8 even when the adhesive or the undercoat enters the knitted fabrics 6 and 7 on the front and back sides. Therefore, even if a difference in dimensional change based on a temperature difference or the like occurs between the base material 2 and the finishing layer 5 sandwiching the double knitted fabric 4 or vibrations occur, The heavy knitted fabric 4 can absorb the difference in the dimensional change and vibration, and the finish layer 5 is less likely to crack. In the case where the double knitted fabric 4 is attached to the base surface side with the fastening screws 16 and the staples 17 and no adhesive is used, the gap in the double knitted fabric 4 becomes larger and the ventilation performance can be further enhanced. As described above, this outer wall structure has various advantages.

  Although the above-described embodiment forms an outer wall structure having a ventilation layer directly on the surface of the base material 2 of the building outer wall, the present invention is not limited to this case, and a heat insulating material is provided on the building outer wall. The present invention can also be applied to an outer heat insulating wall. FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the embodiment in that case, and parts that are the same as or similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, the heat insulating material 25 is attached to the surface (base surface) 1 of the base material 2 directly or through the moisture permeable waterproof sheet 15, the double knitted fabric 4 is attached to the outer surface thereof, and the outer surface thereof. The finishing layer 5 is formed on the surface. The heat insulating material 25 and the double knitted fabric 4 are fixed to the base material 2 together with an outer heat insulating screw 26. The attachment of the double knitted fabric 4 is not limited to the case of using the outer heat insulating screw 26, and an appropriate adhesive may be used instead of or in combination with the outer heat insulating screw 26. . The details of the adhesive, the double knitted fabric 4, the finishing layer 5 and the like are the same as those described in the embodiment shown in FIG. As the heat insulating material 25, a foamed resin, inorganic fiber, organic fiber, cellular concrete, foamed cement, or the like can be used as appropriate. The thickness of the heat insulating material 25 is selected to be about 20 to 200 mm.

  The outer wall structure shown in FIG. 5 includes a step of attaching a heat insulating material 25 to the lower ground 1 of a building outer wall, a step of attaching a double knitted fabric 4 to the outer surface of the heat insulating material, and an outer surface of the double knitted fabric. Construction can be performed by performing a process of forming the finishing layer 5. Also in this case, construction is easy by using the lightweight and flexible double knitted fabric 4 as in the embodiment of FIG. Further, the obtained outer wall structure has the same advantages as the embodiment of FIG. 1 by using the double knitted fabric 4, and furthermore, an excellent heat insulating effect is provided by providing the heat insulating material 25. It also has the advantage that it can be demonstrated.

  In the above-described embodiment, the heat insulating material 25 and the double knitted fabric 4 are attached to the base surface 1, but the double knitted fabric 4 is attached to the heat insulating material 25 in advance and attached to the base surface 1. It is also possible. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, the double knitted fabric 4 is pasted on the board-like or felt-like heat insulating material 25 with an adhesive 28 in advance to form the heat insulating panel 29, and this can be attached to the ground of the building. . Thereby, the construction can be further simplified.

  The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and it goes without saying that the embodiments can be appropriately changed within the scope of the claims.

Schematic sectional view of an outer wall structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention Schematic plan view of double knitted fabric Schematic plan view showing the double knitted fabric with the connecting yarn omitted Schematic cross section of double knitted fabric Schematic sectional view of an outer wall structure according to another embodiment of the present invention The schematic sectional drawing of the heat insulation panel used for further another embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Underground 2 Base material 4 Double knitted fabric 5 Finishing layer 6, 7 Knitted fabric 8 Connecting thread 9 String-like part 10 Mesh 15 Moisture permeable waterproof sheet 16 Stopping screw 17 Staple 20 Undercoat layer 21 Overcoat layer 22 Reinforcement material 25 Thermal insulation material 26 Outer insulation screw 28 Adhesive 29 Heat insulation panel

Claims (6)

  A double knitted fabric attached to a lower ground of a building outer wall, and a finishing layer attached to an outer surface of the double knitted fabric, wherein the double knitted fabric has two layers of front and back layers and the two layers An outer wall structure comprising a structure having a connecting yarn for connecting the knitted fabrics at intervals, and forming a ventilation layer between the base surface and the finishing layer.   A heat insulating material attached to the lower ground of the building outer wall; a double knitted fabric attached to the outer surface of the heat insulating material; and a finishing layer attached to the outer surface of the double knitted fabric. The heavy knitted fabric has a structure having two layers of front and back knitted fabrics and a connecting yarn for connecting the two layers of knitted fabrics with an interval, and a ventilation layer is formed between the heat insulating material and the finishing layer. The outer wall structure characterized by   The double knitted fabric has a truss structure in which connecting yarns connecting two layers of front and back layers are alternately inclined to the left and right at predetermined intervals in the continuous direction of the string portions forming the knitted fabric. The outer wall structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein   The outer wall structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the finishing layer is an undercoat layer and an overcoat layer formed by a wet method at a construction site.   Attaching a double-knitted fabric having a structure having a connecting yarn for connecting the two-layer knitted fabric to the lower ground of the outer wall of the building and connecting the two-layered knitted fabric with a space therebetween, and the outside of the double-knitted fabric An outer wall construction method comprising a step of forming a finishing layer on a surface.   And a step of attaching a heat insulating material to the lower ground of the outer wall of the building, and a structure having a connecting yarn for connecting the two layers of the front and back layers and the two layers of the knitted fabric at an interval to the outer surface of the heat insulating material. An outer wall construction method comprising a step of attaching a heavy knitted fabric and a step of forming a finishing layer on the outer surface of the double knitted fabric.

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