JP2008543876A - 癌の化学療法および放射線療法の際に細胞を保護するための局所的血管収縮剤および方法 - Google Patents
癌の化学療法および放射線療法の際に細胞を保護するための局所的血管収縮剤および方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【選択図】 なし
Description
35U.S.C.§22(c)に従って、合衆国政府は認可番号CA22484の国立衛星研究所の基金に一部支援された、ここに記載する発明において一定の権利を有すると認められる。
本発明は癌治療の分野に関する。本発明は特に、血管収縮剤分子を使用して、放射線療法および癌化学療法剤の毒性副作用から非腫瘍性細胞を保護するための、医薬製剤および方法を提供する。
癌患者を治療するための化学療法および放射線療法の使用には、斯かる治療の正常細胞に対する毒性、特に毛髪濾胞、皮膚上皮、および胃腸粘膜内の幹細胞を含む上皮細胞ポピュレーションに対する毒性に起因して、重篤な副作用を伴う。
本発明は、癌治療の副作用を防止するための、局所的に適用される医薬製剤および方法に関する。より詳細に言えば、本発明は、癌患者の皮膚、毛髪濾胞、並びに胃腸管および泌尿生殖器管の非癌性上皮細胞を、癌化学療法および/または放射線療法の結果として生じる副作用から保護するための、血管収縮剤分子の送達に関する。
本発明は、患者の身体における非癌性の迅速に分割する細胞を、患者に投与された化学療法剤または放射線療法の毒性効果から保護するための医薬製剤および方法を提供する。特に、本発明の製剤および方法は、上皮細胞を保護するために設計される。最も特別には、標的は毛髪濾胞をライニングする上皮細胞、並びに皮膚、口、直腸、胃腸管および泌尿生殖器管の上皮細胞および/または粘膜細胞である。一つの実施形態において、当該製剤は、前記製剤を頭皮に局所的に塗布することにより、癌治療の際の脱毛を低減もしくは防止するために使用される。もう一つの実施形態は、当該製剤を経口投与することによって、癌治療による胃腸障害を低減または防止することを含んでいる。もう一つの実施形態は、前記製剤を身体の適切な領域に局所的に投与することにより、化学療法または放射線療法に由来する粘膜炎を低減または防止することを含んでいる。更にもう一つの実施形態において、当該製剤は、皮膚にこれを投与することにより、照射部位において放射線に誘導された皮膚炎、皮膚発赤および潰瘍形成を防止するために使用される。
表1−1。 エタノール:プロピレングリコール:水の送達媒体中で局所的に適用されたエピネフリンまたはフェニレフリンにより誘導されたヒト皮膚の血管収縮。
この実施例は、エタノール:プロピレングリコール:水送達媒体中のエピネフリンまたはフェニレフリンエの局所塗布が、薬物濃度および時間に依存したヒト皮膚の白化(血管収縮)を与えることを示している。エピネフリンHClの0.1%水溶液およびフェニレフリンの0.25%水溶液は、実験の180分の観察期間に亘って、検出可能な皮膚の白化を与えなかった。
この実施例は、エタノール:プロピレングリコール:水送達媒体中のエピネフリンまたはフェニレフリンの局所塗布が、濃度に依存して、ラット皮膚の放射線に誘導された皮膚炎を防止することを示している。
この実施例は、エタノール:プロピレングリコール:水の送達媒体中のエピネフリンの局所塗布が、放射線の全身照射またはサイトキサンによって誘導された脱毛を、濃度依存的に防止することを示している。
この実施例は、粘膜接着性エタノール:プロピレングリコール:ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース:リン酸緩衝塩水送達媒体中のエピネフリンまたはフェニレフリンを局所塗布することによって、放射線に誘導される口腔粘膜炎に対して濃度依存性の保護を与えることを示している。
スコアリング基準: 紅斑の程度: 0(なし)〜5(最悪)
腫脹の程度: 0(なし)〜4(最悪)
収縮/硬さの程度: 0(なし)〜4(最悪)
擬膜の存在: 0(なし)〜4(最悪)
粘膜炎重篤度スコア: 合計= 0(なし)〜17(最悪)
0.10%エピネフリンHCl=4.55mM
0.25%フェニレフリンHCl=12.3、<
**Cs137との整列に起因した24分の露出を通して、これら動物は実験Cにおける20分の動物と同じGy線量を受けた。
この実施例は、0.1%エピネフリンまたは025%フェニレフリンの水溶液は、ヒト患者によって「望ましくない」味を有すると評価されるが、味をマスクする風味剤の添加によって、「非常に望ましい」範囲へと、味覚記述子の大きく顕著な(2.7〜3.1倍)改善が与えられることを示している。このような改善は、放射線療法または化学療法に誘導される口腔粘膜炎を防止するための、これら経口の局所的溶液の使用に対するヒト患者のコンプライアンスを最大化するのを補助するために非常に好ましいものである。望ましくない味を部分的にまたは完全にマスクするための風味剤は当該技術において知られており、当業者は、嗜好性または許容性を増大する溶液を処方する上において、甘味剤および他の風味剤を使用できることを理解するであろう。
** S59スペアミント油;LorAnnオイルズInc.
+ S48ペパーミント油;LorAnnオイルズInc.
この実施例は、異なる比率の水、エタノールおよびPGを含んでなる送達媒体中の、異なるエピネフリン酒石酸塩溶液、エピネフリン酒石酸塩、およびフェニレフリン塩酸塩溶液を比較することに関する。
2 NBp: L(−)ノルエピネフリン酒石酸塩
3 EPi(±): (±)エピネフリンHCl
4 EPi-: L(−)エピネフリン酒石酸塩
5 PhE: R(−)フェニレフリンHCl
6 60:0:40: イソプロパノール:PG:水
7 試験せず
この実施例は、少なくとも50%のエタノールにプラスして、変化する比率のPGおよび水を含有する試験溶液を用いて得られた効果を示している。
2 p=0.001 vs. Grp1
3 p=0.001 vs. Grp1
この実施例は、ヒト皮膚でのノルエピネフリンの皮内送達に際して、ヒト皮膚における既知の浸透エンハンサが有する効果を示している。
2 局所塗布20分後のヒト皮膚白化の程度(+++++=90〜100%白化)
3 SLS: ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム
4 トランスクトール: ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル
5 TG:プロピレングリコール
6 −:試験せず
この実施例は、エピネフリンまたはノルエピネフリンの1回の局所塗布が、ヒト頭皮を含むヒト皮膚の白化を迅速に誘導できること、また複数回の局所塗布は持続的な皮膚白化応答を提供でき、これは2〜3時間に亘る全身的化学療法に対する持続的保護と相関し得ることを示す。
この実施例は、10日齢の子ラットに対する適切な送達媒体中のエピネフリンの局所塗布が、単独で、塗布部位においてある面積の皮膚の白化を誘導すること、またこの同じ領域が、動物が全身のγ線照射で治療された後に完全な正常な外被成長を保持することを示す。
この実施例は、本発明の一実施形態に従った、動物モデルにおける化学療法に誘導された脱毛の予防を示している。
この実施例は、サイトキサンに誘導された脱毛を予防するために、毛髪濾胞含有皮膚への血流の減少パーセントを定義するのを補助する。
この実施例は、ノルエピネフリンまたはエピネフリン処理されたラット皮膚における皮膚白化の誘導に、通常は皮膚のγ線照射に続く等級2〜4の皮膚炎に対する保護が付随することを示す。
この実施例は、ノルエピネフリン処置されたラット皮膚における皮膚白化の誘導に、皮膚の6MeV電子線照射後に通常は生じる等級2の皮膚炎に対する完全な保護が伴うことを示すものである。
この実施例は、適切な送達媒体中のエピネフリンの局所塗布が、口腔粘膜の迅速且つ完全な白化を誘導できることを示す。
この実施例は、γ放射線の増大する線量がこのハムスターモデルにおける口腔粘膜炎の増大する重篤度を生じること、適切な送達媒体中で局所的に塗布されるエピネフリンの増大する投与量が、この放射線に誘導された口腔粘膜炎を完全に防止できること、および、非常に高投与量の局所的エピネフリンまたはフェニレフリンは、40Gy線量のγ放射線と組合せたときに、付随する40Gyのγ放射線を伴わないときは完全に存在しない口腔粘膜に対する重篤な毒性を生じることを示す。
この実施例は、適切な局部送達媒体中でヒト口腔粘膜に塗布されたエピネフリンが持続的な粘膜白化を誘導でき、これは全身的化学療法および外部放射線照射療法に対する保護を提供すると期待されることを示している。
放射線皮膚炎または放射線に誘導された脱毛の100%保護を提供するための、%血流減少の決定。
血管収縮剤に、ケラチン化された皮膚および頭皮の皮内脈管構造への送達のための媒体をプラスした例示処方物
Claims (42)
- 化学療法剤、放射線療法、またはそれらの組合せで治療された、または治療されるべき患者において、脱毛症、皮膚炎、粘膜炎、胃腸障害または直腸炎の少なくとも一つの症状を低減するための方法であって、前記患者に対して、医薬的に許容可能な送達媒体中に血管収縮剤を含有する製剤を、前記少なくとも一つの症状を低減するために有効な量で局所的に投与することを含んでなる方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記症状が、皮膚、頭皮、口、直腸、鼻腔食道系、胃腸系、または泌尿生殖器系の1以上の非癌性細胞において低減される方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記血管収縮剤が、望ましくない心臓副作用の実質的な危険を最小化するように選択される方法。
- 請求項3に記載の方法であって、前記血管収縮剤が、α1アドレナリン作動性受容体のアゴニストである方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記血管収縮剤が、5−HT1B/1D受容体のアゴニストである方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記投与ステップが予防的に行われる方法。
- 請求項6に記載の方法であって、前記症状が胃腸障害であり、前記製剤は食道、胃、または腸内の細胞への血管収縮剤の送達を可能にする方法。
- 請求項6に記載の方法であって、前記症状が直腸炎であり、前記製剤は直腸内の細胞に血管収縮剤を送達するための局所的送達媒体の中に血管収縮剤を含んでなる方法。
- 請求項8に記載の方法であって、前記製剤は、ゲル、粘膜接着性コーティング、座薬、またはフォーム製剤を含んでなる方法。
- 請求項8に記載の方法であって、前記療法は放射線療法であり、前記方法は更に、前記放射線療法の後に、直腸内の細胞へと血管収縮剤を送達するための医薬的に許容可能な送達媒体の中にアルファアドレナリン作動性受容体アンタゴニストを含有する有効量の製剤を投与することを含んでなる方法
- 請求項10に記載の方法であって、前記医薬的に許容可能な送達媒体は、湿潤性または潤滑性の局所的送達媒体である方法。
- 請求項6に記載の方法であって、前記症状は皮膚炎であり、また前記製剤は血管収縮剤を皮膚内の細胞に送達するための局所送達媒体中に血管収縮剤を含んでなる方法。
- 請求項6に記載の方法であって、前記症状は口腔粘膜炎であり、前記製剤は血管収縮剤を口腔粘膜内の細胞に送達するための局所送達媒体中に血管収縮剤を含んでなる方法。
- 請求項13に記載の方法であって、前記血管収縮剤は、α1アドレナリン作動性受容体特異的な血管収縮剤である方法。
- 請求項13に記載の方法であって、更に、前記療法の後に、血管収縮剤を口腔粘膜内の細胞に送達するための医薬に許容可能な送達媒体中にαアドレナリン作動性受容体アンタゴニストを含有する有効量の製剤を投与することを含んでなる方法。
- 請求項13に記載の方法であって、前記製剤は、ゲルまたは粘膜接着性コーティングを含んでなる方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記血管収縮剤は、エピネフリン、フェニレフリン、メトキサミン、ノルエピネフリン、ゾルミトリプタン、テトラヒドロザリン、ナファゾリン、またはこれらの何れかの組み合わせの1以上である方法。
- 請求項4に記載の方法であって、前記血管収縮剤は、エピネフリン、フェニレフリン、メトキサミン、ノルエピネフリン、テトラヒドロザリン、ナファゾリン、またはこれらの何れかの組み合わせである方法。
- 請求項5に記載の方法であって、前記血管収縮剤は、ゾルミトリプタン、オキシデスミトリプタン、アビトリプタン、リザトリプタン、アルモトリプタン、フロバトリウタン、またはそれらの何れかの組合せである方法。
- 請求項10に記載の方法であって、前記αアドレナリン作動性受容体アンタゴニストは、プラゾシン、ドキサゾシン、テラゾシン、アルフゾシン、タムスロシン、またはこれらの何れかの組合せである方法。
- 請求項15に記載の方法であって、前記αアドレナリン作動性受容体アンタゴニストは、プラゾシン、ドキサゾシン、テラゾシン、アルフゾシン、タムスロシン、またはこれらの何れかの組合せである方法。
- 少なくとも一つの血管収縮剤と、癌患者における経口での嗜好性を改善するための少なくとも一つの添加剤とを、口腔粘膜に供給する脈管構造へと血管収縮剤を送達するために適した医薬的に許容可能な送達媒体の中に含有してなる医薬製剤。
- 請求項22に記載の医薬製剤であって、前記血管収縮剤が、エピネフリン、フェニレフリン、メトキサミン、ノルエピネフリン、カポテン、エナラプリル、リシノプリル、ゾルミトリプタン、テトラヒドロザリン、プロカインイミド、酸化窒素、またはこれらの何れかの組み合わせである製剤。
- 請求項23に記載の医薬製剤であって、エピネフリンを含有する製剤。
- 請求項24に記載の医薬製剤であって、前記エピネフリンの濃度が約0.009%〜約11%である製剤。
- 請求項22に記載の医薬製剤であって、フェニレフリンを含有する製剤。
- 請求項26に記載の医薬製剤であって、前記フェニレフリンの濃度が約0.03%〜約25%である製剤。
- 請求項22に記載の医薬製剤であって、メトキサミンを含有する製剤。
- 請求項28に記載の医薬製剤であって、前記メトキサミンの濃度が約0.01%〜約25%である製剤。
- 請求項22に記載の医薬製剤であって、更に、遊離ラジカルスカベンジャーを含有してなる製剤。
- 請求項22に記載の医薬製剤であって、前記医薬的に許容可能な送達媒体は、リポソーム、リピド液滴エマルジョン、油、ポリオキシエチレンエーテルの水性エマルジョン、水性アルコール混合物、プロピレングリコールを含有する水性エタノール混合物、水性緩衝液中の医薬的に許容可能なガム、水性緩衝液中の修飾セルロース、アルコール−水緩衝混合物中の修飾セルロース、アルコール−水緩衝液−プロピレングリコール混合物中の修飾セルロース、または水性緩衝液中のジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルの1以上を含んでなる製剤。
- 血管収縮剤を患者の扁平上皮細胞に送達する方法であって、前記患者に対して、医薬的に許容可能な送達媒体中に血管収縮剤を含有する組成物を局所的に投与するステップを含んでなり、前記媒体は、前記扁平上皮に対する血管収縮剤の浸透を可能にするように特に処方される方法。
- 請求項32に記載の方法であって、前記組成物は、上皮および毛髪濾胞幹細胞に役立つ下地をなす真皮の脈管構造に、前記血管収縮剤を送達する方法。
- 請求項32に記載の方法であって、前記媒体は、角質層または毛髪濾胞皮脂残渣の浸透を可能にする方法。
- 請求項30に記載の方法であって、前記送達媒体はエタノールおよび水を含有し、前記血管収縮剤はノルエピネフリンを含有する方法。
- 請求項35に記載の方法であって、前記エタノールおよび水は70:30の比率で存在する方法。
- 請求項36に記載の方法であって、ノルエピネフリンは、約450〜750mMの濃度で存在する方法。
- 局所的血管収縮剤処方物であって、血管収縮剤および医薬的に許容可能な送達媒体を含有してなり、前記血管収縮剤は、α1アドレナリン作動性受容体のアゴニストであるが、β2アドレナリン作動性受容体のアゴニストではなく、前記送達媒体はエタノールおよび水を70:30の比率で含有してなる処方物。
- 請求項38に記載の処方物であって、前記血管収縮剤がノルエピネフリンである処方物。
- 請求項39に記載の処方物であって、前記皮膚上に粘着性残差を残さない処方物。
- 請求項39に記載の処方物であって、前記ノルエピネフリンが約450〜750mMの濃度で存在する処方物。
- 請求項39に記載の処方物であって、約600mMのノルエピネフリンを含有する処方物。
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