JP2008528708A - 炭素質原料の水蒸気改質のための方法 - Google Patents
炭素質原料の水蒸気改質のための方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 title claims description 113
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009919 sequestration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims 5
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- 235000012204 lemonade/lime carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 39
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- 150000002240 furans Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxin Chemical compound O1C=COC=C1 KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002906 medical waste Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/721—Multistage gasification, e.g. plural parallel or serial gasification stages
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/005—Rotary drum or kiln gasifiers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/06—Continuous processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/06—Continuous processes
- C10J3/16—Continuous processes simultaneously reacting oxygen and water with the carbonaceous material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
- C10K3/001—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by thermal treatment
- C10K3/003—Reducing the tar content
- C10K3/006—Reducing the tar content by steam reforming
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
- C10J2200/158—Screws
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0916—Biomass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0916—Biomass
- C10J2300/092—Wood, cellulose
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0973—Water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
- C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
- C10J2300/1884—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being synthesis gas
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
Abstract
Description
C+H2O+xH2O→CO+H2+xH2O (1)
H2O+CO+xH2O→H2+CO2+xH2O
また、シンガスがプラントに送り込まれるとき、典型的にGTL合成プラントは使用されない過剰なCOを産出物として有するであろう。さらにまた、この追加のCOは、水性ガス転化反応キルンに供給されることがあり、あるいは燃料電池に供給されることもあり、商品として販売されることもある。CO2が上述の通り(相乗効果的に配置された温室に供給することによって)隔離されている間に、水性ガス転化反応キルンからのH2は上述の通り燃料電池に供給されることができる。
Claims (15)
- 炭素質原料を合成ガスに水蒸気改質するための方法であって、
水蒸気改質ロータリキルンの中に炭素質原料の投入量を送り込むことと、
前記水蒸気改質ロータリキルンを使用して前記炭素質原料を撹拌することと、
水分または水蒸気の存在の下で約650℃から1100℃までの高い改質温度まで、前記ロータリキルン内で前記炭素質原料を加熱することと、
合成ガスと最小限の不活性固体スラグを形成するために、前記炭素質原料が水蒸気改質反応によっておおよそ完全な変換を受けるように、前記炭素質原料を改質することと、
を備える方法。 - 前記水蒸気改質ロータリキルンは外部加熱される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記水蒸気改質ロータリキルンの中に送り込まれる前に、予熱機に前記炭素質原料を通すことにより前記炭素質原料を予熱または乾燥するステップを備える、請求項1または2のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記炭素質原料は、オーガーまたはスクリューコンベヤを使用して前記水蒸気改質ロータリキルンの中に継続的に送り込まれる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記炭素質原料の中に存在するハロゲンと反応し除去するように、商業用石灰および/または重炭酸ソーダが、前記水蒸気改質ロータリキルン内の前記炭素質原料に加えられる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記水蒸気改質ロータリキルンの中にスクリューオーガーを経由して送り込まれるCMから空気を除去するため、高温の水蒸気が、前記ロータリキルン送り込みホッパの基部に継続的に送り込まれる、請求項1または2のいずれかに記載の方法。
- すべての前記CMをシンガスに変換するため、および前記蒸気反応の間に形成される前記合成ガスのH2/CO比率を最大にするため、前記水分または水蒸気が十分過剰に(理論量以上に)存在する、請求項1または2のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記炭素質原料はメタンである、請求項1または2のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記炭素質原料は、近接にまたは相乗的に位置する埋め立て地から得られる埋め土メタンである、請求項1または2のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 炭素質原料を水蒸気改質するための方法であって、
第1段の水蒸気改質ロータリキルンの中に炭素質原料の投入量を送り込むことと、
前記第1段の水蒸気改質ロータリキルンを使用して前記炭素質原料を撹拌することと、
水分または水蒸気の存在の下で約550℃から650℃までの金属物質が気化するであろう改質温度まで、前記第1段のロータリキルン内で前記炭素質原料を加熱することと、
炭素質チャー、不活性な固体スラグおよびガス状物質流を含む固体物流を形成するために、前記炭素質原料が水蒸気改質反応を介して部分的な変換を受けるような前記改質温度で前記炭素質原料を改質することと、
第2段の水蒸気改質キルンの中に前記ガス状物質を送り込み、水蒸気または水分の存在の下で約850℃ないし1100℃の高い改質温度まで前記ガス状物質流を加熱することと、
合成ガスを形成するために、前記ガス状物質流が水蒸気改質反応を介しておおよそ完全な変換を受けるように、前記高い改質温度で前記ガス状物質流を改質することと、
直接販売または炭素の隔離のために、前記炭素質チャーを前記不活性な固体スラグから分離することと、
を備える方法。 - 炭素質原料を水蒸気改質するための方法であって、
第1段の水蒸気改質ロータリキルンの中に炭素質原料の投入量を送り込むことと、
前記第1段の水蒸気改質ロータリキルンを使用して前記炭素質原料を撹拌することと、
水分または蒸気の存在の下で約550℃から650℃までの金属物質が気化するであろう改質温度まで、前記第1段のロータリキルン内で前記炭素質原料を加熱することと、
炭素質チャー、不活性な固体スラグおよびガス状物質流を含む固体物質流を形成するために、前記炭素質原料が水蒸気改質反応を介して部分的な変換を受けるような前記改質温度で前記炭素質原料を改質することと、
前記不活性な固体スラグから前記炭素質チャーを分離することと、
第2段の水蒸気改質ロータリキルンの中に前記炭素質チャーおよび前記ガス状物質を送り込むことと、
水蒸気または水分の存在の下で約850℃ないし1100℃の高い改質温度まで前記ガス状物質流および清浄な炭素質チャーを加熱することと、
合成ガスを形成するために、前記ガス状物質流および前記炭素質チャーが水蒸気改質反応を介しておおよそ完全な変換を受けるように、前記高い改質温度で前記ガス状物質流と炭素質チャーを改質することと、
を備える方法。 - 炭素質原料を水蒸気改質するための方法であって、
第1段の水蒸気改質ロータリキルンの中に炭素質原料の投入量を送り込むことと、
前記第1段の水蒸気改質ロータリキルンを使用して前記炭素質原料を撹拌することと、
水分または蒸気の存在の下で約550℃から650℃までの金属物質が気化するであろう改質温度まで、前記第1段のロータリキルン内で前記炭素質原料を加熱することと、
炭素質チャー、不活性な固体スラグおよびガス状物質流を含む固体流を形成するために、前記炭素質原料が水蒸気改質反応を介して部分的な変換を受けるような前記改質温度で前記炭素質原料を改質することと、
第2段の水蒸気改質キルンの中に前記ガス状物質を送り込むことと、
水蒸気または水分の存在の下で約850℃ないし1100℃の高い改質温度まで前記ガス状物質流を加熱することと、
シンガスを形成するために、前記ガス状物質流が水蒸気改質反応を介しておおよそ完全な変換を受けるように、前記高い改質温度で前記ガス状物質流を改質することと、
前記不活性な固体スラグから前記炭素質チャーを分離することと、
第3段の水蒸気改質ロータリキルンの中に清浄な前記炭素質チャーを送り込むことと、
水蒸気または水分の存在の下で約850℃ないし1100℃の高い改質温度まで前記炭素質チャーを加熱することと、
合成ガスを形成するために、前記炭素質チャーが水蒸気改質反応を介しておおよそ完全な変換を受けるように、前記高い改質温度で前記炭素質チャーを改質することと、
を備える方法。 - 炭素質原料を水蒸気改質するための方法であって、
第1段の水蒸気改質ロータリキルンの中に炭素質原料の投入量を送り込むことと、
前記第1段の水蒸気改質ロータリキルンを使用して前記炭素質原料を撹拌することと、
水分または水蒸気の存在の下で約550℃から650℃までの金属物質が気化するであろう改質温度まで、前記第1段のロータリキルン内で前記炭素質原料を加熱することと、
炭素質チャー、不活性な固体スラグおよびガス状物質流を含む固体流を形成するために、前記炭素質原料が水蒸気改質反応を介して部分的な変換を受けるような前記改質温度で前記炭素質原料を改質することと、
第2段の水蒸気改質キルンの中に前記ガス状物質を送り込み、水蒸気または水分の存在の下で約850℃ないし1100℃の高い改質温度まで前記ガス状物質流を加熱することと、
合成ガスを形成するために、前記ガス状物質流が水蒸気改質反応を介しておおよそ完全な変換を受けるように、前記高い改質温度で前記ガス状物質流を改質することと、
前記不活性な固体スラグから前記炭素質チャーを分離して、1段および2段の水蒸気改質キルンのうちのいずれかまたはその両方を加熱するための燃料として前記炭素質チャーを使用することと、
を備える方法。 - 燃料電池に前記合成ガスを供給する追加のステップを備え、ステップはH20および/またはCO2を形成するために前記合成ガスの酸化反応を擁することができる、請求項1、2、10、11、12、13のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 相乗的に配置される温室の中にいくらかの過剰CO2を送り込むことによって、炭素が引き離され得る請求項14に記載の方法。
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