JP2008506614A - 漂白土のダイオキシン濃度の低減方法 - Google Patents
漂白土のダイオキシン濃度の低減方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008506614A JP2008506614A JP2007502275A JP2007502275A JP2008506614A JP 2008506614 A JP2008506614 A JP 2008506614A JP 2007502275 A JP2007502275 A JP 2007502275A JP 2007502275 A JP2007502275 A JP 2007502275A JP 2008506614 A JP2008506614 A JP 2008506614A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 38
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title description 10
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxin Chemical compound O1C=COC=C1 KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical group Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid group Chemical group C(CC(O)(C(=O)O)CC(=O)O)(=O)O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 20
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 19
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 231100000770 Toxic Equivalency Factor Toxicity 0.000 description 12
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004042 decolorization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000014593 oils and fats Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930002868 chlorophyll a Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- FOIBFBMSLDGNHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2OC3=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C3OC2=C1Cl FOIBFBMSLDGNHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RHIROFAGUQOFLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-Octachlorodibenzofuran Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2C3=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C3OC2=C1Cl RHIROFAGUQOFLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGBQILNBLMPPDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzofuran Chemical compound O1C2=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2C2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 OGBQILNBLMPPDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LINPIYWFGCPVIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-trichlorophenol Chemical compound OC1=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C=C1Cl LINPIYWFGCPVIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010035722 Chloride peroxidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- -1 Neutronite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000944 Soxhlet extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002210 biocatalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012993 chemical processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001919 chlorite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052619 chlorite group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorous acid Chemical compound OCl=O QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013375 chromatographic separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004826 dibenzofurans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000271 hectorite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hectorite Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Mg+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]([O-])(O1)O[Si]1([O-])O2 KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000003987 high-resolution gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052900 illite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L nonaaluminum;magnesium;tripotassium;1,3-dioxido-2,4,5-trioxa-1,3-disilabicyclo[1.1.1]pentane;iron(2+);oxygen(2-);fluoride;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[F-].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[K+].[K+].[K+].[Fe+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2 VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- NFBOHOGPQUYFRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 NFBOHOGPQUYFRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000002741 palatine tonsil Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000275 saponite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RFOHRSIAXQACDB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl RFOHRSIAXQACDB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/12—Naturally occurring clays or bleaching earth
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/20—Silicates
- C01B33/36—Silicates having base-exchange properties but not having molecular sieve properties
- C01B33/38—Layered base-exchange silicates, e.g. clays, micas or alkali metal silicates of kenyaite or magadiite type
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/20—Silicates
- C01B33/36—Silicates having base-exchange properties but not having molecular sieve properties
- C01B33/38—Layered base-exchange silicates, e.g. clays, micas or alkali metal silicates of kenyaite or magadiite type
- C01B33/40—Clays
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
【選択図】なし
Description
表面積: 比表面積はマイクロメトリクス社製の全自動窒素ポロシメータASAP2010タイプを使用してDIN(ドイツ工業規格)66131号に従ってBET法によって測定した。
試料を8.5重量%の湿度に調整する。特定の試料がその高さの湿度に調節できない場合、空調器内で最も高い湿度に調節する。
2378−TCDD
12378−PeCDD
123678−HxCDD
1234678−HpCDD
OCDD
2378−TCDF
23478−PeCDF
123678−HxCDF
123789−HxCDF
1234678−HpCDF
OCDF
37C14−2378−TCDD
13C12−1234789−HpCDF
米国ジョージア州地域産出のアタパルジャイトおよびモンモリロナイトからなる天然粘土混合物:
細孔容積: 0.24ml/g
比表面積: 154m2/g
ダイオキシン含有率 :6.6ng I−TEQ/kg
メキシコ産連鎖構造粘土(Hormit):
細孔容積: 0.26ml/g
比表面積: 176m2/g
ダイオキシン含有率 :5.4ng I−TEQ/kg
HClによって活性化されたモンモリロナイト(漂白土):
細孔容積: 0.35ml/g
比表面積: 244m2/g
ダイオキシン含有率 :9.4ng I−TEQ/kg
トルコ産モンモリロナイト:
細孔容積: 0.15ml/g
比表面積: 115m2/g
ダイオキシン含有率 :6.5ng I−TEQ/kg
粘土1からの漂白土の製造
湿った生粘土1を15ないし20重量%の湿度まで乾燥させ、回転粉砕機によって粉砕した後8重量%の最終湿度まで乾燥させる。100gの得られた粉末を309gの水および2.88gのH2SO4(濃度96%)とビーカ内で完全に混合した。得られた混合物を110℃で9重量%の水分含有量に乾燥させ、続いて典型的な漂白土粒度(乾燥篩い残留物(TSR)>63μ=29%)に粉砕した。
アタパルジャイト/モンモリロナイト(粘土1)からのダイオキシン除去
湿った生粘土1を15ないし20重量%の水分含有率まで乾燥させ、その後回転粉砕機によって粉砕した。得られた粉末を均等に分割し、それぞれを150、300、400、450、500および600℃の温度で1時間処理した。熱処理の後無水状態となっている材料を空調室内で30℃および80%の湿度で8ないし9%の水分含有率まで再水化した。600℃で加熱した試料は、再水化に際して7.7重量%の水分含有率までしか到達しなかった。
連鎖構造粘土(粘土2)からのダイオキシン除去
原材料(メキシコ産連鎖構造粘土)を例1と同様に処理した。ここで得られたデータを表IIに記した。
漂白土(粘土3)からのダイオキシン除去
スラリ処理によって塩酸活性化されたモンモリロナイトからなる原材料を125℃および500℃の温度において例1と同様に処理して分析した。得られたデータを表IIIに記した。
モンモリロナイト(粘土4)からのダイオキシン除去
原材料(モンモリロナイト)を125℃および500℃の温度において例1と同様に処理して分析した。得られたデータを表IVに記した。
硫酸によるアタパルジャイト/モンモリロナイト混合物の活性化による漂白土の製造
500℃でか焼された例1の生成物を水分と混合した後4%のH2SO4で活性化した。このため100gのか焼された粉末を250gの水分および4.17gのH2SO4(濃度96%)とビーカ内で完全に混錬した。得られた混合物を110℃で9重量%の水分含有率まで乾燥させ、続いて漂白土粒度に粉砕した(63μmの篩上において乾燥篩い残留物が20ないし40重量%;25μmの篩上において乾燥篩い残留物が50ないし65重量%)。
モンモリロナイト(粘土4)の酸活性化による漂白土の製造
例4の生成物を水および塩酸と混合した。このため100gの500℃の温度下でか焼された粉末を300gの水および112.5gのHCl(濃度32%)と共に丸管内で混合し還流を使用しながら6時間活性化した。懸濁液をろ過し、ろ過ケークを0.1%未満の塩化物含有率まで洗浄し、9.5%の水分含有率まで乾燥させ、続いて漂白土粒度に粉砕した。
菜種油の漂白
粘性を低下させ酸除去した菜種油を0.73重量%の漂白土によって110℃の温度下および30ミリバールの圧力下で30分間漂白した。その後漂白土をろ過除去し、油の色値をロビボンド法によって51/4″のキュベット内で測定した。表Vに漂白結果が記されている:
Claims (12)
- 化合物を約125℃ないし650℃の温度に加熱することを特徴とする、少なくとも1つのダイオキシンを含んだ生粘土あるいはダイオキシンを含んだ漂白土を有する化合物のダイオキシン濃度の低減方法。
- 化合物はダイオキシンを含んだ漂白土またはダイオキシンを含んだ生粘土であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 化合物を約300ないし600℃、特に400ないし600℃の温度領域に加熱することを特徴とする請求項1または2記載の方法。
- ダイオキシン濃度の低い、少なくとも1つのダイオキシンを含んだ生粘土あるいはダイオキシンを含んだ漂白土を有する化合物を製造するための、請求項1ないし3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 加熱の後に約3.0ないし14重量%、好適には約5.0ないし11重量%、特に好適には7.0ないし10重量%の湿分含有率になるまで再水化を行うことを特徴とする請求項1ないし4のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 化合物に対して加熱後、好適には必要に応じて行われる再水化の前に、酸処理を施すことを特徴とする請求項1ないし5のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 酸処理は少なくとも1つの有機あるいは無機酸によって行うことを特徴とする請求項1ないし6のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 酸処理は自然活性の生粘土あるいは漂白土において1ないし10重量%の酸で、非自然活性の生粘土においては20ないし70重量%の酸、特に無機酸を使用して行うことを特徴とする請求項1ないし7のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 使用されるダイオキシンを含んだ生粘土あるいはダイオキシンを含んだ漂白土は50m2/g超の比表面積および0.1ml/g超の細孔容積を有することを特徴とする請求項1ないし8のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 酸処理に使用する無機酸は塩酸、硫酸および/または燐酸から選択し、酸処理に使用する有機酸はクエン酸および/または蓚酸とすることを特徴とする請求項1ないし9のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 酸処理に際して化合物を加熱後、特に加熱の直後に直接酸と接触させることを特徴とする請求項1ないし10のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 酸処理に際して化合物を加熱後、特に加熱の直後に懸濁物(スラリ)として酸と接触させることを特徴とする請求項1ないし11のいずれかに記載の方法。
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JP2017088414A (ja) * | 2015-11-02 | 2017-05-25 | 水澤化学工業株式会社 | 脱色剤及び脱色剤の製造方法 |
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DE102005032868A1 (de) * | 2005-07-14 | 2007-01-25 | Carl Zeiss Jena Gmbh | Anordnung zur Visualisierung von Informationen in einem Kraftfahrzeug |
EP2170514B1 (en) * | 2007-06-27 | 2013-05-29 | Life Technologies Corporation | Multi-material microplate and method |
WO2010044648A1 (es) * | 2008-10-16 | 2010-04-22 | Ragasa Industrias S.A. De C.V. | Aceite vegetal de alta pureza dieléctrico, método para obtención y su aplicación en un aparato eléctrico |
BRPI0823318A2 (pt) * | 2008-12-19 | 2015-06-23 | Prolec Ge Internacional S De R L De C V | "composição de fluido dielétrico à base de óleos vegetais e livre de antioxidantes". |
US20110232940A1 (en) * | 2010-03-23 | 2011-09-29 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Low ionization potential additive to dielectric compositions |
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US20080058578A1 (en) | 2008-03-06 |
EP1722887B1 (de) | 2010-08-25 |
NO20064606L (no) | 2006-10-11 |
EP1722887B2 (de) | 2017-03-15 |
EP1722887B8 (de) | 2018-08-22 |
WO2005087366A1 (de) | 2005-09-22 |
KR100868831B1 (ko) | 2008-11-14 |
PL1722887T5 (pl) | 2018-08-31 |
CA2557906A1 (en) | 2005-09-22 |
DE102004012259A1 (de) | 2005-09-29 |
ES2351403T3 (es) | 2011-02-04 |
EP1722887A1 (de) | 2006-11-22 |
ZA200606186B (en) | 2008-02-27 |
ES2351403T5 (es) | 2018-02-16 |
PL1722887T3 (pl) | 2011-01-31 |
DE502005010130D1 (de) | 2010-10-07 |
KR20070015140A (ko) | 2007-02-01 |
RU2006136028A (ru) | 2008-04-20 |
CA2557906C (en) | 2012-06-12 |
ATE478731T1 (de) | 2010-09-15 |
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