JP2008506504A - 耐放射線ブロックコポリマーを含む医療用デバイス - Google Patents
耐放射線ブロックコポリマーを含む医療用デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008506504A JP2008506504A JP2007522640A JP2007522640A JP2008506504A JP 2008506504 A JP2008506504 A JP 2008506504A JP 2007522640 A JP2007522640 A JP 2007522640A JP 2007522640 A JP2007522640 A JP 2007522640A JP 2008506504 A JP2008506504 A JP 2008506504A
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Abstract
【解決手段】 放射線滅菌された医療用デバイスは、(a)放出領域と、(b)少なくとも1つの治療剤とを含んでおり、該放出領域は、(i)低Tg炭化水素ポリマーブロックと、(ii)1つ又は複数の高Tgポリマーブロックとを含む、耐放射線コポリマーを含む。
【選択図】 図1
Description
本発明は、一般に、治療剤放出のためのポリマー領域を含む耐放射線医療用デバイスに関する。本発明は、また、挿入可能若しくは埋込み可能な医療用デバイスとに関連して使用するための耐放射線ブロックコポリマー材料に関する。
治療剤を身体に送達するための、ポリマーベースの多数の医療用デバイスが開発されている。一部の典型的な送達戦略によれば、治療剤は、医療用デバイスにつけたポリマー運搬層内及び/又はポリマー障壁層の下に与えられる。医療用デバイスが患者の内部の所望の場所に設置された後、治療剤は、ポリマー運搬層及び/又はポリマー障壁層の性質に応じた速度で該医療用デバイスから放出される。
従来技術の前述及び他の課題は、(a)放出領域と、(b)治療剤とを含む、放射線滅菌された医療用デバイスを提供する、本発明によって対処される。該放出領域は、(i)低Tg炭化水素ポリマーブロックと、(ii)高Tgポリマーブロックとをさらに含む、耐放射線コポリマーを含む。
本発明の他の利点は、治療剤の制御放出をもたらす、埋込み可能又は挿入可能な医療用デバイスを提供できることである。
本発明の他の利点は、リビングカチオン重合法によってポリイソブチレンを調製する標準的な合成方法の限界がない、生体安定性のある耐放射線ポリマー材料が提供されることである。
本発明の前述及び他の実施態様並びに利点は、以下の詳細な説明及び冒頭の特許請求の範囲を検討すれば、当業者にはすぐに明らかになる。
本発明は、血管内又は血管間医療用デバイスと併せて治療剤を送達するのに有用な耐放射線コポリマーに関する。
本発明の一態様によれば、(a)放出領域と、(b)1つ又は複数の治療剤とを含む、放射線滅菌された医療用デバイスが提供される。該放出領域は、(i)1つ又は複数の低Tg炭化水素ポリマーブロックと、(ii)1つ又は複数の高Tgポリマーブロックとを含む、少なくとも1つの耐放射線コポリマーをさらに含む。
本明細書で使用する「処置」は、疾病若しくは状態の予防、疾病若しくは状態に随伴した症状の軽減若しくは除去、又は疾病若しくは状態の実質的若しくは完全な除去を指す。好ましい処置対象は、哺乳類の処置対象であり、ヒトの処置対象がより好ましい。
前述のように、本発明の医療用デバイスは、放射線滅菌され、また、(a)1つ又は複数の低Tg炭化水素ポリマーブロックと、(b)1つ又は複数の高Tgポリマーブロックとを含む、1つ又は複数の耐放射線コポリマーを含む。
したがって、1つ又は複数の低Tgブロックと1つ又は複数の高Tgポリマーブロックとが存在するので、本発明のコポリマーは、通常、周囲温度を下回る1つ又は複数のガラス転移温度と、周囲温度を上回る1つ又は複数のガラス転移温度とを有する。これは、通常、周囲温度で放出領域内にゴム状相と硬質相とを形成することになる。
ビニル芳香族以外の具体的な芳香族モノマーには、アセナフタレン(Tg214℃)及びインデン(Tg85℃)が含まれる。
ブロックコポリマーの好ましい一群は、(a)以上に列挙した例を含めた、炭化水素ポリマー中間ブロック又は主鎖と、(b)例えばポリスチレン又はポリ(メタクリル酸アルキル)のブロック例とすることのできる、1つ又は複数の高Tg末端ブロック若しくは側鎖とを有する。
ポリマー放出領域は、また、初めにコポリマーが(あれば補助ポリマーも)溶媒に溶解又は分散され、続いて得られる混合物を使用してポリマー放出領域を形成するという、溶媒ベースの技術を使用して形成することもできる。
好ましい溶媒ベースの技術には、これだけに限るものではないが、溶媒キャスティング法、スピンコーティング法、ウェブコーティング法、溶媒噴霧法、ディッピング法、気中懸濁を含めた機械的懸濁によるコーティングに関わる技術、インクジェット法、静電法、及びこれらのプロセスの組合せが含まれる。
他の技術、例えば、繊維形成法では、ポリマー放出領域は、基材又はテンプレートの補助なしに形成される。
「治療剤」、「医薬として活性な剤」、「医薬として活性な物質」、「薬物」、及び他の関連用語は、本明細書では交換可能に使用されることがあり、それらには、遺伝子治療剤、非遺伝子治療剤、及び細胞が含まれる。治療剤は、単独で、又は組み合わせて使用することができる。治療剤は、単独で、又は組み合わせて使用することができる。治療剤は、例えば、非イオン性のものとすることができ、又はアニオン性且つ/若しくはカチオン性の性質のものとすることができる。
当業者には理解されるように、放出領域に使用される放出プロファイルは、例えば、放出領域の化学組成を変えることによって(例えば、コポリマーの化学組成を変化させること、1つ又は複数の補助ポリマーをコポリマーとブレンドすることなどによって)、且つ/又は放出領域若しくは周囲領域の物理的な構造を変化させることによって(例えば、1つ又は複数のポリマーを含む別個のバリア層を追加することなどによって)、修正することができる。
本発明のポリマーは、また、例えば、アクリレートモノマー(例えば、アクリル酸エチル)を重合してポリアクリレートマクロ開始剤を形成するために使用される、ジメチル−2,6−ヘプタンジオアートなどの二官能性フリーラジカル開始剤を使用して合成することもできる。
マクロ開始剤の例には、末端にフリーラジカルを有するEPDMが含まれる。一部の実施態様では、マクロ開始剤は、2−ブロモイソ酪酸末端基をもたらすように反応された単官能性又は二官能性ポリオレフィン化合物である。
コモノマーの例には、メタクリル酸アルキル、アクリル酸アルキル、メタクリル酸ヒドロキシアルキル、ビニルエステル、スチレンなどの重合可能な不飽和基をそれぞれ含む、不飽和モノマー、又は複数のモノマーの組合せが含まれる。
EPDM系ブロックコポリマーの合成
1.EPDMマクロ開始剤の合成
低Tg炭化水素ポリマーブロックを、前述のように、EPDM(エチレン−プロピレン−ジエンモノマー)コポリマーブロック(例えば、Exxon-Mobilから市販のVistalon(商標)ポリマー)から調製する。EPDMブロックコポリマーは、エチレン、プロピレン、及びジエンターモノマーブロック、この場合はエチリデンノルボルネンを含む。ジエンモノマーを9−BBN(9−ボラビシクロ[3.3.1]ノナン)でヒドロホウ素化し、続いて過酸化水素と反応させることによって、EPDMの上に末端官能基を形成する。アルケンのヒドロホウ素化は、一般に、次のように、BH3によってエチリデンノルボルネンモノマーの二重結合を攻撃して、4員環の遷移状態(++)を形成するものである:
公知の技術を使用してスチレン−EPDM−スチレン系ブロックコポリマーを合成して、ポリスチレン側鎖をもつEPDM炭化水素骨格を形成する。このEPDMマクロ開始剤を使用して、公表されているATRP重合のための方法に従ってスチレンを重合させる。得られるコポリマーは、EPDM分子の、組み込まれたノルボルネンモノマー中の二重結合に由来する、いくつかのポリスチレン側鎖を含む。櫛型構造を有する、得られるブロックコポリマーの図が、図2に示されている。
ポリオレフィン系グラフトコポリマーの合成
低Tg炭化水素ポリマーブロックを、FMC Lithium(米国ノースカロライナ州
Gastonia)から官能化された末端基をもつpoLichelic(商標)ポリマーとして市販されているものなど、官能化されたポリジエン及びポリオレフィンブロックから調製する。例えば、以下のポリオレフィンのジオール及びトリオールを使用して、本発明のポリマー材料及びデバイスを形成する。
本明細書では様々な実施態様を具体的に示し、記載したが、本発明の修正形態及び変形形態が、以上の教示の対象であり、本発明の趣旨及び意図される範囲から逸脱することなく冒頭の特許請求の範囲内にあることが理解されよう。
Claims (27)
- (a)放出領域と、(b)少なくとも1つの治療剤とを含む放射線安定性医療用デバイスであって、前記放出領域が放射線安定性コポリマーを含んでおり、前記放射線安定性コポリマーが、(i)低Tg炭化水素ポリマーブロックと、(ii)1つ以上の高Tgポリマーブロックとをさらに含む、前記デバイス。
- 前記コポリマーが、低Tg炭化水素ポリマー中間ブロックと、複数の高Tgポリマー末端ブロックとを含む、請求項1記載のデバイス。
- 前記コポリマーがトリブロックコポリマーである、請求項1記載のデバイス。
- 前記コポリマーが星型コポリマーである、請求項1記載のデバイス。
- 前記コポリマーが樹枝状コポリマーである、請求項1記載のデバイス。
- 前記コポリマーが、低Tg炭化水素ポリマー主鎖と、複数の高Tgポリマー側鎖とを含む櫛型コポリマーである、請求項1記載のデバイス。
- 前記炭化水素ブロックがポリオレフィンブロックである、請求項1記載のデバイス。
- 前記炭化水素ブロックがポリジエンブロックである、請求項1記載のデバイス。
- 前記炭化水素ブロックがポリ(オレフィン−co−ジエン)ブロックである、請求項1記載のデバイス。
- 前記炭化水素ブロックが、ポリ(オレフィン−co−ジエン)ブロックであって、オレフィンがエチレン及びプロピレンの一方又は両方を含み、ジエンがビニルノルボルネン又はエチリデンノルボルネンを含む、請求項1記載のデバイス。
- 前記高Tgブロックが、ポリ(ビニル芳香族)ブロック、ポリ(メタクリル酸アルキル)ブロック、及びポリ(ビニルピリジン)ブロックから成る群から選択される、請求項1記載のデバイス。
- 前記高Tgブロックがポリスチレンを含む、請求項1記載のデバイス。
- 前記放出領域が、前記治療剤を含むキャリア領域である、請求項1記載のデバイス。
- 前記放出領域が、前記治療剤を含む治療剤含有領域の上に配置されたバリア領域である、請求項1記載のデバイス。
- 前記放出領域が、前記医療用デバイスのすべて又は一部を覆うコーティング層の形態である、請求項1記載のデバイス。
- 前記医療用デバイスが、埋込み可能又は挿入可能な医療用デバイスである、請求項1記載のデバイス。
- 前記埋込み可能又は挿入可能な医療用デバイスが、カテーテル、ガイドワイヤ、バルーン、フィルタ、ステント、ステントグラフト、血管グラフト、血管パッチ、及びシャントから選択される、請求項1記載のデバイス。
- 前記埋込み可能又は挿入可能な医療用デバイスが、冠血管系、末梢血管系、食道、気管、結腸、胆管、尿路、前立腺、又は脳に埋め込まれる又は挿入されるように適合される、請求項1記載のデバイス。
- 前記治療剤が、抗血栓剤、抗増殖剤、抗炎症剤、抗遊走剤、細胞外マトリックス産生及び形成に影響を及ぼす剤、抗悪性腫瘍剤、抗有糸分裂剤、麻酔剤、抗凝固剤、血管細胞成長促進因子、血管細胞成長阻害剤、コレステロール降下剤、血管拡張剤、並びに内在性血管作動性機構に干渉する剤から成る群のうちの1つ又は複数から選択される、請求項1記載のデバイス。
- 前記コポリマーが、(a)末端にフリーラジカルを有する低Tg炭化水素ブロックを含むマクロ開始剤を提供するステップと、(b)フリーラジカル重合可能な末端基をそれぞれ有する前記末端ブロックを含むマクロモノマーの存在下で、フリーラジカル重合反応を実施するステップとを含む方法によって製造される、請求項2記載のデバイス。
- 前記マクロモノマーが、ポリスチレンブロック、ポリエチレンオキシドブロック、ポリビニルピロリドンブロック、ポリアルキルメタクリレートブロック、又はそれらの組合せを含む、請求項20記載のデバイス。
- 前記マクロ開始剤が、末端にフリーラジカルを有するポリオレフィン又はポリジエンである、請求項20記載のデバイス。
- 前記フリーラジカル重合反応が、さらに、ビニルアミンモノマー、アルキルビニルエーテルモノマー、メタクリル酸及びメタクリル酸塩モノマー、アクリル酸モノマー、アクリル酸アミドモノマー、アルキルビニルエーテルモノマー、環状エーテルモノマーから選択される1つ以上の親水性モノマー、或いは、ビニル芳香族モノマー、ビニルエステルモノマー、ハロゲン化ビニルモノマー、アルキルビニルエーテルモノマー、1−ビニル−2−ピロリドンモノマー、ビニルフェロセンモノマー、アセナフタレンモノマー、インデンモノマー、アクリル酸アルキルモノマー、アクリル酸アリールアルキルモノマー、アクリル酸アルコキシアルキルモノマー、アクリル酸ハロアルキルモノマー、アクリル酸シアノアルキルモノマー、メタクリル酸アルキルモノマー、メタクリル酸アミノアルキルモノマー、メタクリロニトリルモノマー、アクリロニトリルモノマー、エチレンモノマー、アイソタクチックプロピレンモノマー、4−メチルペンテンモノマー、1−オクタデセンモノマー、テトラフルオロエチレンモノマー、環状エーテルモノマー、エーテルモノマー、及びε−カプロラクトンモノマーから選択される1つ以上の疎水性モノマーの存在下で実施される、請求項20記載のデバイス。
- 請求項1記載の医療用デバイスを形成する方法であって、(a)(i)溶媒系と(ii)前記コポリマーとを含む溶液を提供するステップと、(b)前記溶液から前記溶媒系を除去することによって前記溶液から前記放出領域を形成するステップとを含む、前記方法。
- 前記溶液が、溶解又は分散した形態の治療剤をさらに含む、請求項24記載の方法。
- 前記溶液が、前記治療剤を含む治療剤含有領域を覆って塗布される、請求項24記載の方法。
- 前記放出領域が、噴霧プロセスを含む技術によって形成される、請求項24記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/894,400 US7713539B2 (en) | 2004-07-19 | 2004-07-19 | Medical devices containing radiation resistant block copolymer |
PCT/US2005/025519 WO2006014607A2 (en) | 2004-07-19 | 2005-07-19 | Medical devices containing radiation resistant block copolymer |
Publications (1)
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JP2008506504A true JP2008506504A (ja) | 2008-03-06 |
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ID=35599706
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JP2007522640A Pending JP2008506504A (ja) | 2004-07-19 | 2005-07-19 | 耐放射線ブロックコポリマーを含む医療用デバイス |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7713539B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1781348A2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2008506504A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2574396A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006014607A2 (ja) |
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Also Published As
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EP1781348A2 (en) | 2007-05-09 |
WO2006014607A3 (en) | 2006-04-06 |
WO2006014607A2 (en) | 2006-02-09 |
US20060013849A1 (en) | 2006-01-19 |
US7713539B2 (en) | 2010-05-11 |
CA2574396A1 (en) | 2006-02-09 |
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