JP5122281B2 - イソブチレンコポリマーを含む医療器具及び材料 - Google Patents
イソブチレンコポリマーを含む医療器具及び材料 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5122281B2 JP5122281B2 JP2007522635A JP2007522635A JP5122281B2 JP 5122281 B2 JP5122281 B2 JP 5122281B2 JP 2007522635 A JP2007522635 A JP 2007522635A JP 2007522635 A JP2007522635 A JP 2007522635A JP 5122281 B2 JP5122281 B2 JP 5122281B2
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Description
本発明は、治療用作用物質を充填したイソブチレンコポリマーを含む医療器具に関する。本発明は又、治療用作用物質充填イソブチレンコポリマーを含む、生体適合性のある治療用作用物質送達用コポリマー材料にも関する。
周知の通り、ポリマーとは、1つ又は複数の鎖を含む分子であり、1つ又は複数の構成単位を複数コピー含む。一般的なポリマーの例はポリイソブチレン
植え込み可能な又は挿入可能な医療器具の製造において使用に適した材料は、典型的には非常に優れた生体適合性、押出性、弾力性、成形性、良好な繊維形成特性、抗張力、耐久性などのうち1つ又は複数の特性を示す。さらに、器具材料の物理的化学的特性は、治療用作用物質の最終的な放出速度の決定に重要な役割を果たし得る。
本発明は、従来技術のこれら及び他の課題を扱い、それは、一態様では、(a)基材と、(b)基材を覆うように配置されるコポリマーを含む少なくとも1つのポリマー層とを含む医療器具を提供し、このときコポリマーは、(i)イソブチレンモノマーと、(ii)少なくとも1つの高Tgモノマーとを含むポリマー鎖を含む。イソブチレンモノマー及び高Tgモノマーは、ランダムな、周期的な、統計的な又は勾配のある分布でポリマー鎖に組み込まれる。本発明は又、上記の医療器具を形成する方法をも提供し、その方法は、(a)(i)溶媒系及び(ii)コポリマーを含む溶液を供給するステップと、(b)溶液から溶媒系を除去することによって溶液からポリマー層を形成するステップとを含む。
本発明の1つの利点は、植え込み可能な又は挿入可能な医療器具の放出層における使用、及び他の治療用作用物質送達組成物における使用に様々な材料を提供することができることである。
本発明のさらに他の利点は、様々な生体内での適用に対して生体安定性及び生体適合性があり、治療用作用物質の直線的放出をもたらすことができるポリマー材料が提供されることである。
本発明は、脈管内や脈管間用の医療器具などの医療器具に関して有用なコポリマーに関する。
本発明の態様に従って、(a)基材、及び(b)基材の全部又は一部を覆うように配置されるコポリマーを含むポリマー層を含む医療器具が提供される。コポリマーは、1つ又は複数のポリマー鎖を含み、イソブチレンモノマー及び少なくとも1つの高Tgモノマー(及び場合によっては他のモノマー)が、ランダムな、周期的な、統計的な又は勾配のある分布でその中に組み込まれる。
本明細書において、「治療」とは、疾患又は状態の予防、疾患又は状態に伴う症状の軽減又は除去、或いは疾患又は状態の実質的な又は完全な除去を指す。好ましい対象は哺乳動物対象であり、より好ましくはヒト対象である。
ホモポリマー型であるときに高いTgを示すことができるモノマーの例には、例えば、ビニル芳香族モノマー、他のビニルモノマー、他の芳香族モノマー、メタクリルモノマー、アクリルモノマー、及びアルケンがある。
上記のビニル芳香族化合物以外の適切な芳香族モノマーには、アセナフタレン(Tg214℃)及びインデン(Tg85℃)がある。
本発明のコポリマーは、環状、直鎖状及び分枝状の構造を含めて、様々な構造で存在し得る。分枝状構造には、放射状の構造(例えば、3本以上のポリマー鎖が単一の分枝点から出た星形の構造)、櫛形の構造(例えば、主鎖及び複数のポリマー側鎖を有する構造)、及び樹状構造(例えば、樹枝状及び過剰分枝状のポリマー)がある。
当業者には理解されるであろうが、先行する段落中に記載のものを含めて、本明細書に記載のコポリマーは、それだけに限らないが、溶媒の蒸発、アルコールやアルコール/アセトン混合物などの非溶媒での沈降、その後の乾燥などを含めた通常の技術のいずれかによって、反応混合物から回収することができる。さらに、例えば、様々なアルコール、エーテル及びケトンが存在する場合も存在しない場合もある、水性媒体での連続した抽出によって、コポリマーの精製を行うことができる。
溶媒に基づく技術を使用する場合、選択する溶媒系は、1つ又は複数の溶媒種を含む。溶媒系は、好ましくは、コポリマーに、含まれる場合は補助ポリマー及び治療用作用物質にも適した溶媒である。溶媒系を構成する特定の溶媒種は又、乾燥速度及び表面張力を含めた他の特性に基づいて選択することもできる。
溶媒に基づく技術を使用して放出層又は他の組成物を形成する場合、好ましくは塗布後にそれを乾燥させて溶媒を除去する。形成する場合、放出層は通常、乾燥工程中は下にあるどんな表面にもさらに適合する。
本発明の投薬形態に関連して広範囲の治療用作用物質の充填量を使用することができ、薬剤として有効な量は当業者によって容易に決定され、最終的には、例えば、治療する条件、治療用作用物質自体の性質、剤形を導入する組織などに依存する。
例えば、治療用作用物質の放出プロファイルは、コポリマーの全体的な親水性を増大又は低下させる(或いは、反対からみると、全体的な疎水性を低下又は増大させる)ことによって改変することができる。
したがって、本発明の特定の実施形態では、治療用放出作用物質の薬物放出速度は、コポリマーの全体的な親水性が増大又は低下する(或いは、反対からみると、全体的な疎水性が増大又は低下する)ように1つ又は複数の親水性又は疎水性のモノマーを組み込むことにより本発明のコポリマーの親水性/疎水性比率を変化させることによって制御する。当業者には理解されるであろうが、その比率は、いくつかの方法で変化させることができる。
そのような標準的な合成技術を使用して、本発明のコポリマーを製造し、好ましい実施形態では、そのコポリマーは、ランダムな、周期的な、統計的な又は勾配のある分布でポリイソブチレンとポリスチレンなどの疎水性ポリマーとを含む。
ポリスチレン−ランダム−ポリイソブチレンコポリマーの合成
既知のカチオン重合技術を使用して、ポリスチレン−ランダム−ポリイソブチレンコポリマーを合成する。実験はすべて、75mL培養管において、−80℃のメチルシクロヘキサン(MeChx)及びモノマー/CH3Cl(60/40 v/v)を含む溶媒混合物中で実施する。2つの異なる共開始剤を重合工程に使用する:(1)TiCl4及び(2)MeAlCl2。
下記の濃度を重合で使用する:[t−BuDiCumCl]=0.001M、[DTBP]=0.004M、[IB]=1.291M、[St]=0.264M、MeChx+IB+St/MeCl=60/40、[TiCl4]=0.108M。試薬をこの順序で添加する:MeChx(室温、10.2mL)、MeCl(9.2mL)、t−BudiCumCl(1.0mL、MeChx中0.025M)、DTBP(1.0mL、MeChx中0.10M)、イソブチレン(2.52mL)、スチレン(0.76mL)及びTiCl4(1.0mL,MeChx/MeCl=60/40中2.7M)。
別個の組の重合では、TiCl4の代わりにMeAlCl2を共開始剤として使用する。下記の濃度を重合で使用する:[t−BuDiCumCl]=0.001M、[DTBP]=0.006M、[IB]=1.242M、[St]=0.288M、MeChx+IB+St/MeCl=60/40、[MeAlCl2]=0.01M。試薬を以下の順序で添加する:MeChx(室温、10.6mL)、MeCl(10.0mL)、t−BudiCumCl(1.0mL、MeChx中0.025M)、DTBP(1.0mL、MeChx中0.15M)、イソブチレン(2.42mL)、スチレン(0.83mL)及びMeAlCl2(0.25mL,ヘキサン中1.0M)。TiCl4を共開始剤として使用する実験について上記に記載した通り、構成成分を十分に撹拌し、重合させる。予め冷却していたメタノールによって重合を終了し、ポリマーを過剰なメタノール(約60mL)中に沈殿させる。THFからメタノール中へと沈殿反応を反復する。
分子量は、モデル510HPLCポンプ、モデル410示差屈折計、モデル441吸光度検出器、オンライン多角度レーザー光散乱(MALLS)検出器(MiniDawn、Wyatt Technology Inc.)、モデル712試料処理装置、並びに500、103、104、105、及び100Åの系列で連結したUltrastyragel GPCカラム5本を装備したWatersのHPLCシステムで測定する。THFを運搬溶媒として使用し、流速は1mL/分である。
TiCl4を共開始剤として利用する重合では、収率は85.6%、Mn=66,600、多分散指数(PDI)=1.18である。MeAlCl2を共開始剤として利用する重合では、収率は86.2%、Mn=50,200、PDI=1.57である。
ステント被覆
1.被覆の製造
そのような手順での使用に選択する溶媒系は、選択するコポリマー及び治療用作用物質の性質に依存する。治療用作用物質としてパクリタキセルを有するポリスチレン−ランダム−ポリイソブチレンコポリマーの場合では、好ましい溶液は、(1)約0〜94重量%の、好ましくは94重量%のトルエン、(2)約5重量%〜99重量%の、好ましくは5重量%のテトラヒドロフラン及び(3)1重量%の結合したコポリマー及びパクリタキセルを含む溶液である。
上記の溶液(1)及び(2)では、スチレンをイソブチレンと共重合して、スチレンがコポリマーの16.7モル%又は17.6モル%を占めるランダムコポリマーを製造し、その数平均分子量(Mn)はそれぞれ49,300g/モル(PDI=0.45)及び41,900g/モル(PDI=1.74)である。溶液(3)及び(4)では、ポリスチレン−ポリイソブチレン−ポリスチレントリブロックコポリマーは、Mnが103,500g/モル、スチレン含量が16.9モル%である。
溶媒に基づく上記の技術の1つを使用して構成成分又は層を形成した後、構成成分又は層は、例えば、予め加熱したオーブン中に(例えば、65℃で30分間、その後70℃で3時間)入れておくことによって乾燥させることができる。
放出速度は、薬物及びコポリマーの相対量を変化させることによって制御される。さらに、所与の量の薬物及びコポリマーで、同じ成分(例えば、ポリスチレン及びポリイソブチレン)を含むが、形態的構造が2つで異なる(例えば、ブロック及びランダム分布)ポリマー組成物において動態的放出速度の違いが観察される。
本明細書において様々な実施形態を具体的に示し説明してきたが、本発明の改変及び変更が、上記の教示によって包含され、本発明の趣旨及び意図された範囲から逸脱することなく添付した特許請求の範囲内にあることが理解されるであろう。
Claims (24)
- (a)基材と、(b)前記基材を覆うように配置されるランダムポリイソブチレンコポリマーを含む少なくとも1つのポリマー層とを含む医療器具であって、前記コポリマーが、(i)イソブチレンモノマー及び(ii)少なくとも1つの高Tgモノマーを含み、
前記高Tgモノマーが、モノマーがホモポリマー型である場合に35℃より高いTgを有する、
前記器具。 - 前記コポリマーが、2つ以上の前記ポリマー鎖を含む、請求項1記載の器具。
- 前記コポリマーが、直鎖状の構造を含む、請求項1記載の器具。
- 前記コポリマーが、分枝状の構造を含む、請求項1記載の器具。
- 前記高Tgモノマーが、ビニルモノマー、アクリルモノマー、及びメタクリルモノマーから選択される、請求項1記載の器具。
- 前記高Tgモノマーが、ビニル芳香族モノマーである、請求項1記載の器具。
- 前記高Tgモノマーが、スチレン及びα−メチルスチレンから選択される、請求項1記載の器具。
- 前記ポリマー層が、前記基材の全部を覆うように配置される、請求項1記載の器具。
- 前記ポリマー層が、前記基材の一部を覆うように配置される、請求項1記載の器具。
- ポリマー層がさらに治療用作用物質を含む、請求項1記載の器具。
- 前記ポリマー層が放出層である、請求項1記載の器具。
- 前記放出層が、前記治療用作用物質を含む運搬層である、請求項1記載の器具。
- 前記放出層が、前記治療用作用物質を含む領域を覆うように配置される障壁層である、請求項1記載の器具。
- 前記治療用作用物質が、抗血栓剤、抗増殖剤、抗炎症剤、抗遊走剤、細胞外マトリックス産生及び組織化に影響を及ぼす作用物質、抗新生物剤、抗有糸分裂剤、麻酔剤、抗凝固剤、血管細胞増殖促進物質、血管細胞増殖阻害剤、コレステロール低下作用物質、血管拡張剤、及び内因性の血管作用機構に干渉する作用物質からなる1つ以上の群から選択される、請求項1記載の器具。
- 前記医療器具が、植え込み可能な又は挿入可能な医療器具である、請求項1記載の器具。
- 前記植え込み可能な又は挿入可能な医療器具が、カテーテル、ガイドワイヤー、バルーン、フィルター、ステント、ステントグラフト、代用血管、血管用貼布及びシャントから選択される、請求項15記載の器具。
- 前記植え込み可能な又は挿入可能な医療器具が、冠状血管系、末梢血管系、食道、気管、結腸、胆管、尿路、前立腺又は脳への植え込み又は挿入に適合する、請求項15記載の器具。
- 請求項1記載の医療器具を形成する方法であって、(a)(i)溶媒系及び(ii)前記コポリマーを含む溶液を供給するステップと、(b)前記溶液から前記溶媒系を除去することによって前記溶液から前記ポリマー層を形成するステップとを含む、前記方法。
- 前記溶液がさらに、溶解型又は分散型の治療用作用物質を含む、請求項18記載の方法。
- 治療用作用物質を含む領域を覆うように前記溶液を塗布する、請求項18記載の方法。
- 治療用作用物質の送達用組成物であって、(a)(i)イソブチレンモノマー及び(ii)高Tgモノマーを含むランダムポリイソブチレンコポリマーと、(b)前記コポリマーに充填される治療用作用物質とを含み、
前記高Tgモノマーが、モノマーがホモポリマー型である場合に35℃より高いTgを有する、
前記組成物。 - 前記高Tgモノマーが、ビニルモノマー、アクリルモノマー、及びメタクリルモノマーから選択される、請求項21記載の組成物。
- 前記高Tgモノマーが、スチレン又はα−メチルスチレンを含むビニル芳香族モノマーを含む、請求項21記載の組成物。
- 前記高Tgモノマーがスチレンを含む、請求項21記載の組成物
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US20070148697A1 (en) * | 2005-12-27 | 2007-06-28 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Methods and system for high throughput screening of polymer materials for medical devices |
US7879086B2 (en) * | 2006-04-20 | 2011-02-01 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Medical device having a coating comprising an adhesion promoter |
CN101472953B (zh) * | 2006-05-17 | 2013-07-31 | 阿克伦大学 | 精制嵌段共聚物的方法 |
US7887830B2 (en) * | 2007-02-27 | 2011-02-15 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Medical devices having polymeric regions based on styrene-isobutylene copolymers |
US7786217B2 (en) * | 2007-04-11 | 2010-08-31 | University Of Massachusetts Lowell | Organometallic-polyisomonoolefin block copolymers |
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US8076529B2 (en) * | 2008-09-26 | 2011-12-13 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Expandable member formed of a fibrous matrix for intraluminal drug delivery |
US8226603B2 (en) * | 2008-09-25 | 2012-07-24 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. | Expandable member having a covering formed of a fibrous matrix for intraluminal drug delivery |
US8049061B2 (en) | 2008-09-25 | 2011-11-01 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Expandable member formed of a fibrous matrix having hydrogel polymer for intraluminal drug delivery |
US20100285085A1 (en) * | 2009-05-07 | 2010-11-11 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. | Balloon coating with drug transfer control via coating thickness |
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