JP2008500822A - 嚥下障害者向けに適応させた食品組成物の使用の指標および方法 - Google Patents
嚥下障害者向けに適応させた食品組成物の使用の指標および方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
ST指数=(F+|A|)×S×C
によって算出される嚥下テクスチャー(ST)指数によって定量される能力である。
全般に約0.5mm未満の球の粒径を有し、
プレートおよび口の中で器具あるいは舌の圧迫下にあって均一かつ全般的にシネレシスがなく、
食欲を増進するために、しばしば転換されていない同じ食品と同様の形状に成形されていることがあり、
全般に転換されていない同じ食品と同じ温度で、熱いあるいは冷たい状態で提供され、
特に口腔期および/あるいは咽頭期が重度に障害された者における嚥下を促進する。
ミンチ化肉、魚、家禽、野菜、果物、焼き菓子、ペーストリー、卵、乳製品あるいは2つあるいはそれ以上の組合せからなる群から選択される食用物質は、
全般に約2mmから5mmの球の粒径を有し、
プレートおよび口の中で器具あるいは舌の圧迫下にあって均一かつ全般的にシネレシスがなく、
食欲を増進するために、しばしば転換されていない同じ食品と同様の形状に成形されていることがあり、
全般に転換されていない同じ食品と同じ温度で、熱いあるいは冷たい状態で提供され、
特に口腔期の準備連鎖が軽度に障害された者における嚥下を促進する。
ST指数=(F+|A|)×S×C
ピューレ化食品67種類およびミンチ化食品30種類からなるデータベースを確立し、これについて臨床的効果の評価およびレオロジー分析を実施した(表1)。定量的にいうと、各食品サンプルについてTPAとしても知られるテクスチャープロフィール分析を得た。これらのTPAは食用製品のテクスチャーに関する貴重な情報を提供し、かつ食用製品が食事中に顎、舌および頬によってかけられる圧あるいは力にどのように反応するかについてのいくつかの洞察を与える。TPAの測定のために用いた機器は、Groherが報告した第1期の食塊形成のシミュレーションを試みる(図1aおよび1b)。このシミュレーションでは食品サンプルを圧迫して、我々にとって重要なテクスチャーパラメータを測定する。食品はその組成(ピューレ化かミンチ化か)に応じて分類し、それぞれのテクスチャーパラメータを分離して統計的に分析した。
実験過程の作業の進行は、図2のフローチャートに例示される。
硬さ、付着性、弾力性および凝集性は、嚥下過程に直接関係するテクスチャーの基本的本質的量であるのに対し、ゴム性および嚥下性は後者から算出される。硬さ単独、および硬さと弾力性と、ゴム性および咀嚼性のパラメータの間にはそれぞれ正比例関係が存在することが確認された。ゴム性については、治療用食用製品の硬さが増加する毎に対応する増加が顕著であった。同じ傾向はいくつかの治療用食品における硬さの低下でも現れた。同様に、咀嚼性についても硬さおよび弾力性パラメータの一方あるいは両者の影響が増加あるいは減少すると、全く同じ結果が発生した。
F=BD=C2L 式(1)
(式中F=硬さ)
A=EF=C7L 式(2)
(式中A=付着性)
C=圧迫2/圧迫1 式(4)
(式中C=凝集力、圧迫1=(C2L/2)×(C3E−ClE)、かつ圧迫2=(C5L/2)×(C6E−C4E))。
F+|A|)×S×C 式(5)
Claims (22)
- 硬さ、付着性、弾力性、および凝集性からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つのパラメータを調節することによって食品組成物の嚥下テクスチャー(ST)指数を調節することを含む嚥下障害者において嚥下を改善する方法であって、前記ST指数が式:
ST指数=(F+|A|)×S×C
によって算出される方法(式中Fは硬さであり、|A|は付着性の絶対値であり、Sは弾力性であり、かつCは凝集性である)。 - 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記調節が前記食品組成物の加工によって実施される方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記食品組成物が肉、魚、家禽、野菜、果物、焼き菓子、乳製品あるいはその組合せからなる群から選択される方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記食品組成物が香味、視覚的外観、物理的態様、色調、温度、および芳香あるいはその組合せからなる群から選択される物理的特性を含む方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって前記嚥下が固形食品の口唇から胃への移動である方法。
- 請求項2に記載の方法であって、前記加工が以下の作業:食品テクスチャー変更物質の添加、つぶし、すりおろし、刻み、ピューレ化、ミンチ化、混合、配合、撹拌、気体の混合、加温、加熱、調理、冷却、冷蔵、冷凍、再加熱、希釈、加圧、粒径の変更、あるいは前記食品組成物の適応させた食品内での新規マクロ構造の作成のうち少なくとも1つによって実施される方法。
- 請求項6に記載の方法であって、前記食品テクスチャー変更物質が結合、ゲル化あるいは増粘化合物である方法。
- 請求項7に記載の方法であって、前記結合、ゲル化あるいは増粘化合物がタンパク質、カラゲナン、デンプン、繊維質、アルギン酸塩、ペクチン、ゴム類、ゼラチン、あるいはその組合せからなる群から選択されることのできる方法。
- ある者の嚥下能力を評価する診断法であって、
a)規定の嚥下テクスチャー(ST)指数を有する食品組成物であって、前記ST指数が式:
ST指数=(F+|A|)×S×C
に従って算出される食品組成物を投与することおよび
b)嚥下時間、移動時間、咀嚼パターン、嚥下毎の平均体積(ml)、嚥下毎の平均時間(秒)および嚥下能力(ml/秒)、食塊毎に必要な嚥下回数、嚥下と嚥下の間の食物粒子の口中蓄積量(mL)、食事中の疲労、嚥下遅延作用(N)、咬合間の遅延時間(秒)、嚥下時の呼吸パターン、嚥下後の声のパターンおよび質、気道の清浄化、口の外への物質の垂れ落ち(流涎)、咽頭への早期流入の有無、あるいは鼻腔を経た食物の逆流のうち少なくとも1つを測定することによって嚥下能力を測定することを含み;
Fが硬さであり、|A|が付着性の絶対値であり、Sが弾力性であり、かつCが凝集性である診断法。 - 請求項9に記載の診断法であって、前記食品組成物が肉、魚、家禽、野菜、果物、焼き菓子、乳製品あるいはその組合せからなる群から選択される診断法。
- 請求項9に記載の診断法であって、前記食品組成物が前記の所望のST指数を得るために加工される診断法。
- 請求項11に記載の方法であって、前記加工が以下の作業:食品テクスチャー変更物質の添加、つぶし、すりおろし、刻み、ピューレ化、ミンチ化、混合、配合、撹拌、気体の混合、加温、加熱、調理、冷却、冷蔵、冷凍、再加熱、希釈、加圧、粒径の変更、あるいは前記食品組成物の適応させた食品内での新規マクロ構造の作成のうち少なくとも1つによって実施される方法。
- 請求項12に記載の診断法であって、前記食品テクスチャー変更物質が結合、ゲル化あるいは増粘化合物である診断法。
- 請求項13に記載の診断法であって、前記結合、ゲル化あるいは増粘化合物がタンパク質、カラゲナン、デンプン、繊維質、アルギン酸塩、ペクチン、ゴム類、ゼラチン、あるいはその組合せからなる群から選択されることのできる診断法。
- 嚥下障害者の嚥下を改善することを目的として適応させた提供温度でSSTImaxよりも低いST指数を有する食品組成物。
- 請求項15に記載の食品組成物であって、ピューレ化あるいはミンチ化され、かつ肉、魚、家禽、野菜、果物、焼き菓子、乳製品あるいは2つあるいはそれ以上の組合せからなる群から選択される食品組成物。
- 請求項16に記載の食品組成物であって、前記ピューレ化食品組成物が34のSSTImaxを有する食品組成物。
- 請求項17に記載の食品組成物であって、低温で提供される焼き菓子でありかつ37℃未満の融点を有する食品組成物。
- 請求項18に記載の食品組成物であって、前記焼き食品が23℃でのそのST指数が34未満である限り提供温度でのST指数が34を上回る食品組成物。
- 請求項16に記載の食品組成物であって、前記ミンチ化食品組成物が80のSSTImaxを有する食品組成物。
- 嚥下障害者の嚥下を改善することを目的として適応させた食品組成物の調製におけるST指数あるいはSSTImaxの使用であって、前記ST指数が式:
ST指数=(F+|A|)×S×C
に従って算出される使用(式中Fは硬さであり、|A|は付着性の絶対値であり、Sは弾力性であり、かつCが凝集性である)。 - 嚥下障害者による薬物あるいは薬剤の経口摂取を目的として適応させた食用組成物の調製におけるST指数あるいはSSTImaxの使用であって、前記ST指数が式:
ST指数=(F+|A|)×S×C
に従って算出される使用(式中Fは硬さであり、|A|は付着性の絶対値であり、Sは弾力性であり、かつCは凝集性である)。
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