JP2008288214A - リチウムイオン二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン二次電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2008288214A JP2008288214A JP2008183439A JP2008183439A JP2008288214A JP 2008288214 A JP2008288214 A JP 2008288214A JP 2008183439 A JP2008183439 A JP 2008183439A JP 2008183439 A JP2008183439 A JP 2008183439A JP 2008288214 A JP2008288214 A JP 2008288214A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- negative electrode
- lithium
- active material
- secondary battery
- electrode active
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 19
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 19
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 124
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910001386 lithium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium borate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- -1 polyhexafluoropropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 24
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 13
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- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 86
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 83
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 24
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- PQIOSYKVBBWRRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylphosphonyl difluoride Chemical group CP(F)(F)=O PQIOSYKVBBWRRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
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- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 6
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- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000011305 binder pitch Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- CONKBQPVFMXDOV-QHCPKHFHSA-N 6-[(5S)-5-[[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]methyl]-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]-3H-1,3-benzoxazol-2-one Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)C[C@H]1CN(C(O1)=O)C1=CC2=C(NC(O2)=O)C=C1 CONKBQPVFMXDOV-QHCPKHFHSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
【解決手段】 正極21と負極22とがセパレータ23を介して巻回された巻回電極体20を備える。負極22は、Liと合金を形成可能な金属元素または半金属元素の単体,合金および化合物からなる群のうちの少なくとも1種を含んでいる。セパレータ23には溶媒に電解質塩が溶解された電解液が含浸されている。電解質塩にはジフルオロ[オキソラト−O,O’]ホウ酸リチウムあるいはテトラフルオロ[オキソラト−O,O’]リン酸リチウムなどのB−O結合またはP−O結合を有する軽金属塩を用いる。安定した被膜の形成により溶媒の分解反応を抑制できると共に、負極22と溶媒との反応を防止することができる。
【選択図】図1
Description
図1および図2に示した円筒型の二次電池を作製した。まず、炭酸リチウム(Li2 CO3 )と炭酸コバルト(CoCO3 )とを、Li2 CO3 :CoCO3 =0.5:1(モル比)の割合で混合し、空気中において900℃で5時間焼成して、正極活物質としてのリチウム・コバルト複合酸化物(LiCoO2 )を得た。次いで、このリチウム・コバルト複合酸化物91質量部と、導電剤であるグラファイト6質量部と、結着剤であるポリフッ化ビニリデン3質量部とを混合して正極合剤を調製した。続いて、この正極合剤を溶剤であるN−メチル−2−ピロリドンに分散させて正極合剤スラリーとし、厚み20μmの帯状のアルミニウム箔よりなる正極集電体21Aの両面に均一に塗布して乾燥させ、圧縮成型して正極活物質層21Bを形成し、これを短冊状に切断し、帯状の正極21を作製した。そののち、正極集電体21Aの一端にアルミニウム製の正極リード25を取り付けた。
負極活物質としてスズを用い、電解銅箔よりなる厚み25μmの負極集電体22Aに電子ビーム蒸着法により厚み2μmのスズよりなる負極活物質層22Bを形成し、200℃で12時間熱処理して、負極22を作製したことを除き、他は実施例1−1〜1−18と同様にして二次電池を作製した。その際、軽金属塩の種類および含有量は表2に示したように変化させた。なお、得られた負極22をXPS(X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy;X線光電子分光法)、AES( Auger Electron Spectroscopy;オージェ電子分光法)およびX線回折法により分析したところ、負極活物質層22Bが、負極集電体22Aとの界面の少なくとも一部において負極集電体22Aと合金化していることが確認された。
負極活物質であるケイ素を蒸着して負極活物質層を形成し、図3に示したコイン型の二次電池を作製した。この二次電池は、円板状の正極31と負極32とをセパレータ33を介して積層し、外装缶34と外装カップ35との間に収納したものである。
負極活物質としてスズを用い、算術平均粗さRaが0.5μm、厚みが25μmの電解銅箔よりなる負極集電体32Aに、電解鍍金によりスズよりなる厚み4μmの負極活物質層32Bを形成したのち、加熱処理して負極32を作製したことを除き、実施例3−1〜3−35,参考例3−36〜3−39と同様にして図3に示したコイン型の二次電池を作製した。その際、軽金属塩の種類および含有量は表7,8に示したように変化させた。
負極活物質としてスズを用い、算術平均粗さRaが0.5μm、厚みが25μmの電解銅箔よりなる負極集電体32Aに、焼結法によりスズよりなる負極活物質層32Bを形成したことを除き、実施例3−1〜3−35,参考例3−36〜3−39と同様にして図3に示したコイン型の二次電池を作製した。具体的には、スズ粉末と、結着剤であるポリフッ化ビニリデンとを、スズ:ポリフッ化ビニリデン=95:5の質量比で混合し、これを溶剤であるN−メチル−2−ピロリドンに分散させて負極集電体32Aに塗布して乾燥させ、加圧したのち、200℃で焼成することにより負極活物質層32Bを形成し、負極32を作製した。軽金属塩の種類および含有量は表9に示したように変化させた。
Claims (11)
- 正極および負極と共に電解質を備えたリチウムイオン二次電池であって、
前記負極は、負極集電体と、前記負極集電体に設けられた負極活物質層とを有し、
前記負極活物質層は、負極活物質として、ケイ素の単体、ケイ素の合金、スズの単体、スズの合金、SiB4 、SiB6 、Mg2 Si、Mg2 Sn、Ni2 Si、TiSi2 、MoSi2 、CoSi2 、NiSi2 、CaSi2 、CrSi2 、Cu5 Si、FeSi2 、MnSi2 、NbSi2 、TaSi2 、VSi2 、WSi2 、ZnSi2 、SiC、Si3 N4 、Si2 N2 O、SiOv (0<v≦2)、SnOw (0<w≦2)、SnSiO3 、LiSiOおよびLiSnOからなる群のうちの少なくとも1種を含み、
前記電解質は、化1で表されるジフルオロ[オキソラト−O,O’]ホウ酸リチウム、化2で表されるテトラフルオロ[オキソラト−O,O’]リン酸リチウム、化3で表されるビス[オキソラト−O,O’]ホウ酸リチウム、化4で表されるジフルオロジ[オキソラト−O,O’]リン酸リチウムおよび化5で表されるトリス[オキソラト−O,O’]リン酸リチウムのうちのいずれか1種のリチウム塩を含むリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記負極活物質層は、負極集電体との界面の少なくとも一部において負極集電体と合金化している請求項1記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記負極活物質層は、気相法,液相法および焼結法からなる群のうちの少なくとも1つの方法により形成された請求項1記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記電解質は更に溶媒を含み、前記リチウム塩の含有量は、前記溶媒に対して0.01mol/kg以上2.0mol/kg以下である請求項1記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記電解質は、更に、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリフッ化ビニリデンとポリヘキサフルオロプロピレンとの共重合体、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリヘキサフルオロプロピレン、ポリエチレンオキサイド、ポリプロピレンオキサイド、ポリフォスファゼン、ポリシロキサン、ポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリメタクリル酸メチル、ポリアクリル酸、ポリメタクリル酸、スチレン−ブタジエンゴム、ニトリル−ブタジエンゴム、ポリスチレンおよびポリカーボネートからなる群のうちのいずれか1種、またはイオン伝導性無機化合物を含む請求項1記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記正極は、リチウム(Li)と、コバルト(Co),ニッケル(Ni)およびマンガン(Mn)からなる群のうちの少なくとも1種と、酸素(O)とを含むリチウム含有化合物を含有する請求項1記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記負極は、更に、炭素材料を含む請求項1記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記負極集電体の表面粗さは、算術平均粗さで0.1μm以上である請求項1記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記リチウム塩は、化2で表されるテトラフルオロ[オキソラト−O,O’]リン酸リチウムまたは化4で表されるジフルオロジ[オキソラト−O,O’]リン酸リチウムである請求項1記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 負極活物質層は、負極活物質として、ケイ素の単体、ケイ素の合金、スズの単体およびスズの合金のうちの少なくとも1種を含む請求項1記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
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JP2013008586A (ja) * | 2011-06-24 | 2013-01-10 | Sony Corp | リチウムイオン二次電池、リチウムイオン二次電池用負極、電池パック、電動車両、電力貯蔵システム、電動工具および電子機器 |
WO2013187380A1 (ja) * | 2012-06-13 | 2013-12-19 | セントラル硝子株式会社 | 非水電解液電池用電解液、及びこれを用いた非水電解液電池 |
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