JP2008274807A - 排ガス浄化装置 - Google Patents
排ガス浄化装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2008274807A JP2008274807A JP2007117573A JP2007117573A JP2008274807A JP 2008274807 A JP2008274807 A JP 2008274807A JP 2007117573 A JP2007117573 A JP 2007117573A JP 2007117573 A JP2007117573 A JP 2007117573A JP 2008274807 A JP2008274807 A JP 2008274807A
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- nox
- catalyst
- exhaust gas
- temperature
- nox catalyst
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical group O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
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- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
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- OCKGFTQIICXDQW-ZEQRLZLVSA-N 5-[(1r)-1-hydroxy-2-[4-[(2r)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-methyl-1-oxo-3h-2-benzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]piperazin-1-yl]ethyl]-4-methyl-3h-2-benzofuran-1-one Chemical compound C1=C2C(=O)OCC2=C(C)C([C@@H](O)CN2CCN(CC2)C[C@H](O)C2=CC=C3C(=O)OCC3=C2C)=C1 OCKGFTQIICXDQW-ZEQRLZLVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
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- TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfur monoxide Inorganic materials O=S=S TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004952 furnace firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical compound S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【解決手段】内燃機関20の排気流路に設けられ前記内燃機関20から排出される排ガスを浄化する排ガス浄化装置10であって、前記排気流路の上流側に配置され且つ三元触媒を有する第1浄化器11と、この第1浄化器11の下流側に配置された第2浄化器12と、を備え、前記第2浄化器12は、少なくとも1種のNOx触媒を有する第1NOx浄化部13と、この第1NOx浄化部13の下流側に配置され且つ前記NOx触媒よりも作動温度の高いNOx触媒を有する第2NOx浄化部14と、を備えることを特徴とする排ガス浄化装置10を提供する。
【選択図】図1
Description
本実施形態に係る排ガス浄化装置10を図1に示す。図1に示されるように、本実施形態に係る排ガス浄化装置10は、内燃機関20の排気流路に設けられる。排ガス浄化装置10は、排気流路の上流側に配置された第1浄化器11と、この第1浄化器11の下流側に配置された第2浄化器12と、を備える。
内燃機関20としては特に限定されず、本実施形態に係る排ガス浄化装置10は、従来公知の内燃機関に適用できる。好ましくは、従来公知のリーン又はリッチ制御手段を有する内燃機関である。例えば、DPFのPMやNOx触媒の硫黄成分の除去を目的とした再生モード時を利用して、リッチ面積を多くすることにより後述する高温型NOx触媒がより機能するようになるため好ましい。特に、本実施形態に係る排ガス浄化装置10は、低温領域から高温領域までの幅広い温度領域においてNOxを効率的に浄化できることから、内燃機関20として、NOxの排出量が多いディーゼルエンジンが好適に用いられる。
第1浄化器11は、内燃機関20の排気流路に設けられ、後述する第2浄化器12の上流側に配置される。この第1浄化器11は、三元触媒を有し、内燃機関10から排出されるCO、HC、及びNOxを浄化する機能を有する。三元触媒の種類としては特に限定されず、従来公知の三元触媒が用いられる。例えば、Pt/Rh、Pd/Rh、Pt/Pd/Rh等の貴金属がアルミナやセリア等の無機酸化物に担持され、コーディエライト(2MgO・2Al2O3・5SiO2)やメタル等の担体に担持されたものが挙げられる。
第2浄化器12は、内燃機関20の排気流路に設けられ、上述の第1浄化器11の下流側に配置される。この第2浄化器12は、少なくとも1種のNOx触媒を有する第1NOx浄化部13と、この第1NOx浄化部13の下流側に配置され且つ前記NOx触媒よりも作動温度の高いNOx触媒を有する第2NOx浄化部14と、を備えることを特徴とする。
第1NOx浄化部13は、少なくとも1種のNOx触媒を有する。即ち、1種のNOx触媒を有するものであってもよく、2種又は同種のNOx触媒を2つ、直列に有するものであってもよい。好ましくは、2種又は同種のNOx触媒を2つ、直列に有するものが用いられる。
第一触媒層は、上記低温型NOx触媒において、排ガスと直接接する最表面層として使用されることが好ましい。また、実質的に白金成分を含まないことが好ましく、貴金属成分全般を含まないことがより好ましい。
第二触媒層には、白金等の貴金属と酸化セリウム系材料とが添加されている。これは、酸化セリウム系材料と白金等の貴金属の相乗作用で、NOxの浄化能力が向上するためである。このようにNOxの浄化性能が向上する理由は定かではないが、還元成分による白金の被毒が防止されたり、NOxの吸着作用がその一因ではないかと考えられる。
担体上に第二触媒層及び第一触媒層が順次積層され、第一触媒層が最上層となるように構成されていることが好ましい。また、下層の第二触媒層は、第一触媒層側から担体側に向かって、貴金属含量が順次又は段階的に減少するように構成されていることが好ましい。これは、下層は必ずしも1層である必要はなく、貴金属含量が順次又は段階的に減少するように、多層で構成されていてもよいことを意味する。
上記2層構造を採用した低温型NOx触媒は、従来公知のスラリー法により調製される。具体的には、各触媒層毎に、所望の成分量となるように各構成材料を水系媒体と共にボールミルを用いて混合して各スラリーを製造する。製造したスラリーを、ウォッシュコート法をもって担体に被覆した後、所定の条件で乾燥、焼成することにより、上記NOx触媒が調製される。
第2NOx浄化部14は、上記第1NOx浄化部13の下流側に配置される。この第2NOx浄化部14は、上記第1NOx浄化部13で用いられるNOx触媒よりも作動温度の高いNOx触媒(以下、高温型NOx触媒ともいう)を有する。
第2NOx浄化部14で用いられる高温型NOx触媒としては、上記第1NOx浄化部13で用いられるNOx触媒よりも作動温度の高いものであれば特に限定されない。好ましくは、Pt、Pd、及びRhよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素が無機酸化物に担持されてなる触媒を含むものが用いられる。これらの元素が無機酸化物に担持された触媒を用いることにより、低温領域から高温領域まで幅広い温度領域下でNOxを浄化可能な排ガス浄化装置を提供できる。特に、PMや硫黄成分除去を目的とした再生処理モードの高温下においても、NOxを効率良く浄化できる。
本実施形態に係る排ガス浄化装置10の作用について説明する。先ず、内燃機関20より排出された排ガスは、排気流路を通って第1浄化器11内に導入される。導入された排ガスは、第1浄化器11内の三元触媒の作用により、CO、HC、及びNOxの浄化が行われる。浄化しきれなかったNOx等は、第2浄化器12内に導入される。次いで、低温型NOx触媒を有する第1NOx浄化部13、高温型NOx触媒を有する第2NOx浄化部14に順次導かれ、NOxの浄化が効率的に行われる。具体的には、排ガス温度が低温状態にあるときは、主として第1NOx触媒部13でNOxの浄化が行われる。
[高温型NOx触媒の調製]
高温型NOx触媒を、従来公知のスラリー法を用いて製造した。具体的には、表1に示される成分量となるように、各構成材料を水系媒体と共にボールミルを用いて混合して各スラリーを製造した。製造したスラリーを、ウォッシュコート法をもって、下記に示される担体に被覆した後、下記に示される条件で乾燥、焼成することにより、高温型NOx触媒を調製した。
サイズ:25.4φ×30mm
壁厚:4.3mil
セル数:400
材質:コーディエライト製
形状:フロースルー型ハニカム構造体
乾燥温度:120℃(大気中)
乾燥時間:1時間
焼成装置:電気炉
焼成温度:450℃
焼成時間30分
2層構造の低温型NOx触媒を、従来公知のスラリー法を用いて製造した。具体的には、表1に示される成分量となるように、上記高温型NOx触媒と同様にして低温型NOx触媒を調製した。ただし、担体は、長さ30mmのものと60mmのものを用い、長さ30mmの低温型NOx触媒と、長さ60mmの低温型NOx触媒を調製した。
[高温型NOx触媒の調製]
実施例1とは異なる高温型NOx触媒を、従来公知のスラリー法を用いて製造した。具体的には、表1に示される成分量となるように、実施例1の高温型NOx触媒と同様にして調製した。
実施例1と同様にして、長さ30mmの低温型NOx触媒と、長さ60mmの低温型NOx触媒を調製した。
[低温型NOx触媒の調製]
実施例1及び2と同様にして、長さ60mmの低温型NOx触媒を調製し、後述する測定に供した。
下記測定条件下で測定を行い、上記実施例及び比較例のNOx浄化性能の評価を行った。評価結果を図2に示す。図2の横軸は排ガス温度であり、縦軸はNOx浄化率[%]を表す。
排ガス温度:200℃、300℃、400℃、450℃、500℃の計5点
モデルガス:下記表2参照
測定時間:リーン/リッチ=50秒/10秒を1サイクルとして、10サイクル(計10分)測定
空間速度(SV):50000h−1
20 内燃機関
11 第1浄化器
12 第2浄化器
13 第1NOx浄化部
14 第2NOx浄化部
15 排気系
Claims (7)
- 内燃機関の排気流路に設けられ前記内燃機関から排出される排ガスを浄化する排ガス浄化装置であって、
前記排気流路の上流側に配置され且つ三元触媒を有する第1浄化器と、この第1浄化器の下流側に配置された第2浄化器と、を備え、
前記第2浄化器は、少なくとも1種のNOx触媒を有する第1NOx浄化部と、この第1NOx浄化部の下流側に配置され且つ前記NOx触媒よりも作動温度の高いNOx触媒を有する第2NOx浄化部と、を備えることを特徴とする排ガス浄化装置。 - 前記作動温度の高いNOx触媒には、Pt、Pd、及びRhよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素が無機酸化物に担持されてなる触媒が含まれ、
前記元素の担持量は、触媒体積1Lあたり0.1g〜10gである請求項1記載の排ガス浄化装置。 - 前記無機酸化物には、セリウム酸化物が含まれる請求項2記載の排ガス浄化装置。
- 前記セリウム酸化物の含有量は、触媒体積1Lあたり1g〜200gである請求項3記載の排ガス浄化装置。
- 前記作動温度の高いNOx触媒は、アンモニアを吸着する作用を有するアンモニア吸着成分を含む請求項1から4いずれか記載の排ガス浄化装置。
- 前記アンモニア吸着成分は、セリウム及び鉄でイオン交換されたゼオライトであり、
前記アンモニア吸着成分の含有量は、触媒体積1Lあたり1g〜100gである請求項5記載の排ガス浄化装置。 - 前記内燃機関は、リーン又はリッチ制御手段を有する請求項1から6いずれか記載の排ガス浄化装置。
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JP2008298024A (ja) * | 2007-06-01 | 2008-12-11 | Mazda Motor Corp | 排ガス浄化装置 |
CN104005823A (zh) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-08-27 | 四川中自尾气净化有限公司 | 一种用于摩托车尾气处理的催化转化器及其制备方法 |
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US8507401B1 (en) | 2007-10-15 | 2013-08-13 | SDCmaterials, Inc. | Method and system for forming plug and play metal catalysts |
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JP2003247418A (ja) * | 2002-02-22 | 2003-09-05 | Mazda Motor Corp | エンジンの排気浄化装置 |
WO2005044426A1 (ja) * | 2003-11-11 | 2005-05-19 | Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus | 窒素酸化物を接触還元する方法をそのための触媒 |
WO2005103461A1 (ja) * | 2004-04-19 | 2005-11-03 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
JP2006305423A (ja) * | 2005-04-26 | 2006-11-09 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | NOx選択還元触媒 |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2008298024A (ja) * | 2007-06-01 | 2008-12-11 | Mazda Motor Corp | 排ガス浄化装置 |
CN104005823A (zh) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-08-27 | 四川中自尾气净化有限公司 | 一种用于摩托车尾气处理的催化转化器及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
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EP2141333B1 (en) | 2013-05-15 |
EP2141333A4 (en) | 2011-04-27 |
JP5094199B2 (ja) | 2012-12-12 |
EP2141333A1 (en) | 2010-01-06 |
WO2008136287A1 (ja) | 2008-11-13 |
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