JP2008080322A - 白金担持触媒の製造方法 - Google Patents
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 175
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- FBEIPJNQGITEBL-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrachloroplatinum Chemical compound Cl[Pt](Cl)(Cl)Cl FBEIPJNQGITEBL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 4
- QFJIELFEXWAVLU-UHFFFAOYSA-H tetrachloroplatinum(2+) dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Pt](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl QFJIELFEXWAVLU-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 9
- -1 Hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MOOAHMCRPCTRLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron sodium Chemical compound [B].[Na] MOOAHMCRPCTRLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- UYXRCZUOJAYSQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid;platinum Chemical compound [Pt].O[N+]([O-])=O UYXRCZUOJAYSQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000935 solvent evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/42—Platinum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/16—Reducing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/18—Carbon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/391—Physical properties of the active metal ingredient
- B01J35/393—Metal or metal oxide crystallite size
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/391—Physical properties of the active metal ingredient
- B01J35/394—Metal dispersion value, e.g. percentage or fraction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】エチレングリコールと水素化ホウ素ナトリウムを(1:0.01)〜(1:0.1)(モル比)、0〜50℃で混合して複合還元剤を調製する段階、還元されて白金となる白金前駆体と炭素を、1:9〜8:2(重量比)で溶媒に入れて分散液を調製する段階、前記分散液に前記複合還元剤を、0〜50℃で混合して、白金前駆体−炭素支持体−複合還元剤の混合溶液を調製する段階、白金前駆体−炭素支持体−複合還元剤の混合溶液を、40〜80℃に保持して還元反応を行う段階、及び還元反応が終了した後の混合溶液に、塩酸を加えて混合し、全体を酸性にしてから、ろ過、洗浄する段階、を含んで構成されている。
【選択図】 図3
Description
本発明の白金担持触媒の製造方法は、水素化ホウ素ナトリウムとエチレングリコールから複合還元剤を製造する段階、白金前駆体と炭素(支持体)を溶媒に分散させる段階、白金前駆体/炭素(支持体)分散液と上記複合還元剤を混合する段階、還元反応を行う段階、そして白金担持触媒を分離する段階、を主要段階としている。
1)本発明の白金担持触媒(実施例)
水素化ホウ素ナトリウム0.60g(16ミリモル)をエチレングリコール50g(806ミリモル)に徐々に添加し〔エチレングリコールと水素化ホウ素ナトリウムのモル比=1:0.02〕、20℃にて2時間攪拌し、複合還元剤とした。
別途、テトラクロロ白金(II)ナトリウム四水和物0.333g(0.73ミリモル)と炭素粉体0.2g〔テトラクロロ白金(II)ナトリウム(水和物の水を除く)と炭素の重量比=5.6:4.4〕をエチレングリコール50mLに加え、この混合液を攪拌しつつ上記複合還元剤を徐々に加えて〔テトラクロロ白金(II)ナトリウムと水素化ホウ素ナトリウムのモル比=1:22〕、白金前駆体−炭素−複合還元剤/エチレングリコール溶液とし、65℃で4時間攪拌した。0.2M塩酸水溶液30mLを添加し、3時間攪拌した後、濾過して沈殿物を分離、蒸留水で洗浄して白金担持触媒とした。
(比較例1)
蒸留水50mLにテトラクロロ白金(II)ナトリウム四水和物0.333gと炭素粉体0.2gを加えて攪拌し、この中に水素化ホウ素ナトリウム0.60gを蒸留水に溶解して加え、4℃で4時間激しく攪拌、ろ過して沈殿物を分離、蒸留水で洗浄して白金担持触媒とした。
溶媒としてエチレングリコール100mLを用いた以外は、比較例1と同様にして白金担持触媒を製造した。
市販の白金担持触媒を〔ジョンソン・マッセイ(Johnson−Matthey)社〕製、「アルファ・エーザ(Alfa Aesar)」(商品名)〕を用いた。
実施例と比較例の各白金担持触媒を透過型通過電子顕微鏡で測定した。結果を図1に示す。図の(a)は、蒸留水中水素化ホウ素ナトリウムで還元させた比較例1、(b)はエチレングリコール中で還元させた比較例2、(c)は本発明の複合還元剤を用いて還元させた実施例1、(d)は市販の比較例4の結果である。
図1から分かるように、本発明の複合還元剤を使用して製造した白金担持触媒〔図の(c)〕は、他の方法で製造した白金担持触媒や市販の白金担持触媒より微細で均一な粒子の白金が担持されていることが確認できる。
本発明の複合還元剤を利用した白金担持触媒を、エネルギー分散X線分光器により定量分析した。結果を図2に示す。この白金担持触媒は、白金が40重量%炭素に担持されていることが分かる。
本発明の複合還元剤を利用した白金担持触媒と、比較例の触媒のX線回折により分析した。図3は、X線回折による分析のθ−2θ曲線である。XRD曲線の白金(220)ピークの幅を利用して炭素支持体に分散された白金粒子径を測定し、白金粒子の形を球形と仮定して白金の表面積を計算し、その結果を下記表1に表した。
本発明を通して製造された40重量%の白金担持触媒と市販の製品(比較例3)の電気化学的分散度を測定し、触媒としての活性を比較した。0.5M硫酸が含まれた電解質水溶液状で電圧を一定間隔で加えた時に生じる電流の変化を測定し、下記の数式を利用して評価した。
Claims (4)
- エチレングリコールと水素化ホウ素ナトリウムを(1:0.01)〜(1:0.1)(モル比)、0〜50℃で混合して複合還元剤を調製する段階、
還元されて白金となる白金前駆体と炭素を、1:9〜8:2(重量比)で溶媒に入れて分散液を調製する段階、
前記分散液に前記複合還元剤を、0〜50℃で混合して、白金前駆体−炭素支持体−複合還元剤の混合溶液を調製する段階、
白金前駆体−炭素支持体−複合還元剤の混合溶液を、40〜80℃に保持して還元反応を行う段階、及び
前記還元反応が終了した後の混合溶液に、塩酸を加えて混合し、全体を酸性にしてから、ろ過、洗浄する段階、
を含むことを特徴とする白金担持触媒の製造方法。 - 前記白金前駆体は、テトラクロロ白金(II)、ヘキサクロロ白金(IV)、およびこれらのナトリウム塩、カリウム塩、アンモニウム塩から選ばれる一種以上であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の白金担持触媒の製造方法。
- 前記溶媒は、アルコールであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の白金担持触媒の製造方法。
- 前記白金前駆体−炭素支持体−複合還元剤の混合溶液を調製する段階は、白金前駆体1モルに対し複合還元剤6〜25モルを使用することを特徴とする請求項1記載の白金担持触媒の製造方法。
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Cited By (4)
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JP2009218196A (ja) * | 2008-03-07 | 2009-09-24 | Hyundai Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池電極素材用白金系合金触媒の製造方法 |
US7838458B2 (en) * | 2006-09-25 | 2010-11-23 | Hyundai Motor Company | Method for preparing highly dispersed supported platinum catalyst using complex reducing agent |
CN109772384A (zh) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-05-21 | 江汉大学 | 一种羟基磷石灰负载铂催化剂及其制备方法 |
WO2020246491A1 (ja) * | 2019-06-03 | 2020-12-10 | 東洋炭素株式会社 | 白金担持触媒、燃料電池用カソード、燃料電池、および白金担持触媒の製造方法 |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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KR101446194B1 (ko) * | 2007-11-19 | 2014-10-01 | 주식회사 동진쎄미켐 | 연료 전지용 담지 촉매의 제조 방법 |
KR101033883B1 (ko) | 2009-06-25 | 2011-05-11 | 기아자동차주식회사 | 연료전지용 고비율 백금 담지 촉매 제조방법 |
KR101077969B1 (ko) | 2009-08-10 | 2011-10-31 | 고려대학교 산학협력단 | 새로운 백금/카본 촉매의 제조방법, 이를 이용하여 제조된 촉매 및 양성자 교환막 연료전지 |
GB201302014D0 (en) | 2013-02-05 | 2013-03-20 | Johnson Matthey Fuel Cells Ltd | Use of an anode catalyst layer |
RU2695999C1 (ru) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-07-30 | Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Прометей Рд" | Способ получения катализаторов с наноразмерными частицами платины и ее сплавов с металлами |
CN109621946A (zh) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-04-16 | 上海交通大学 | Pd/C催化剂及其制备方法 |
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US7838458B2 (en) * | 2006-09-25 | 2010-11-23 | Hyundai Motor Company | Method for preparing highly dispersed supported platinum catalyst using complex reducing agent |
JP2009218196A (ja) * | 2008-03-07 | 2009-09-24 | Hyundai Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池電極素材用白金系合金触媒の製造方法 |
CN109772384A (zh) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-05-21 | 江汉大学 | 一种羟基磷石灰负载铂催化剂及其制备方法 |
WO2020246491A1 (ja) * | 2019-06-03 | 2020-12-10 | 東洋炭素株式会社 | 白金担持触媒、燃料電池用カソード、燃料電池、および白金担持触媒の製造方法 |
JP7464597B2 (ja) | 2019-06-03 | 2024-04-09 | 東洋炭素株式会社 | 白金担持触媒、燃料電池用カソード、燃料電池、および白金担持触媒の製造方法 |
Also Published As
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US20080073134A1 (en) | 2008-03-27 |
US7838458B2 (en) | 2010-11-23 |
CN101152627A (zh) | 2008-04-02 |
KR100774746B1 (ko) | 2007-11-08 |
CN101152627B (zh) | 2012-07-18 |
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