JP2008040012A - 画像形成装置 - Google Patents
画像形成装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008040012A JP2008040012A JP2006212373A JP2006212373A JP2008040012A JP 2008040012 A JP2008040012 A JP 2008040012A JP 2006212373 A JP2006212373 A JP 2006212373A JP 2006212373 A JP2006212373 A JP 2006212373A JP 2008040012 A JP2008040012 A JP 2008040012A
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- toner
- forming apparatus
- image forming
- image
- acid
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Images
Landscapes
- Electrophotography Configuration And Component (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
- Cleaning In Electrography (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】感光体1と、感光体1を帯電させる帯電装置2と、感光体1に形成された静電潜像を可視像化する現像装置3と、可視像を転写させた後の感光体1表面に残留するトナーを除去するクリーニング装置6と、感光体1に潤滑剤を塗布するブラシローラ71及び塗布された固形潤滑付与剤72を薄層化する塗布ブレード74とを有し、帯電装置2、ブラシローラ71、固形潤滑付与剤72、塗布ブレード74が交換可能な交換ユニットとして構成されている。
【選択図】図2
Description
さらに、本発明は、前記ブラシローラを構成する繊維が導電性であると、効果的である。
さらにまた、本発明は、前記トナーは、重量平均粒径が3〜8μmで、重量平均粒径(D4)と個数平均粒径(D1)との比(D4/D1)が1.00〜1.40の範囲にあるトナーであると、効果的である。
図1において、画像形成部では、像担持体としてのドラム状に形成された感光体1の周囲に、感光体表面に帯電処理を行う帯電装置2、画像情報を感光体表面にレーザ光で照射する露光装置10、感光体表面に露光され形成された静電潜像を可視化する現像装置3が配置され、更に複数の感光体1上でそれぞれ現像されたトナー像を重ね合わせる中間転写ベルト4、重ね合わせ像を用紙に転写する転写部材5、転写後に感光体等の像担持体表面に残留するトナーを除去回収するクリーニング装置6、像担持体表面の摩擦係数を下げるための潤滑剤塗布装置7が配置され、トナー像を得た用紙上のトナーを定着処理する定着装置8が用紙搬送経路における下流に配置されている。
600dpi以上の微少ドットを再現するためには、トナーの重量平均粒径(D4)は3〜8μmが好ましい。この範囲では、微小な潜像ドットに対して、十分に小さい粒径のトナー粒子を有していることから、ドット再現性に優れる。重量平均粒径(D4)が3μm未満では、転写効率の低下、ブレードクリーニング性の低下が発生し易い。一方、重量平均粒径(D4)が8μmを超えると、文字やラインの飛び散りを抑えることが難しくなる。
コールターカウンター法によるトナー粒子の粒度分布測定装置としては、例えばコールターカウンターTA−II及びコールターマルチサイザーII(いずれもコールター社製)が挙げられる。以下に、その測定方法について述べる。
SF−1の値が100の場合トナーの形状は真球となり、SF−1の値が大きくなるほど不定形になる。
SF−2の値が100の場合トナー表面に凹凸が存在しなくなり、SF−2の値が大きくなるほどトナー表面の凹凸が顕著になる。
外添加剤として平均一次粒径が50〜500nmで、嵩密度が0.3mg/cm3以上の微粒子を用いることにより、クリーニング性が良好であるとともに、特に高画質を達成する小粒径トナーを用いた場合に、現像性及び転写性の低下の改善が図られる。
上述した微粒子を、トナー表面に外添加し、付着させる方法としては、トナー母体粒子と微粒子を各種の公知の混合装置を用いて機械的に混合して付着させる方法や、液相中でトナー母体粒子と微粒子を界面活性剤などで均一に分散させ、付着処理後、乾燥させる方法などがある。
本発明において、シリコーン樹脂で被覆するキャリア核体粒子としては、従来より公知のものでよく、例えば鉄、コバルト、ニッケル等の強磁性金属;マグネタイト、ヘマタイト、フェライトなどの合金や化合物;ガラスビーズ等が挙げられる。これら核体粒子の平均粒径は通常10〜1000μm、好ましくは30〜500μmである。なお、シリコーン樹脂の使用量としては、通常キャリア核体粒子に対して1〜10重量%である。
多価アルコール化合物(PO)としては、2価アルコール(DIO)および3価以上の多価アルコール(TO)が挙げられ、DIO単独またはDIOと少量のTOとの混合物が好ましい。2価アルコール(DIO)としては、アルキレングリコール(エチレングリコール、1,2−プロピレングリコール、1,3−プロピレングリコール、1,4−ブタンジオール、1,6−ヘキサンジオールなど);アルキレンエーテルグリコール(ジエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコール、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリプロピレングリコール、ポリテトラメチレンエーテルグリコールなど);脂環式ジオール(1,4−シクロヘキサンジメタノール、水素添加ビスフェノールAなど);ビスフェノール類(ビスフェノールA、ビスフェノールF、ビスフェノールSなど);上記脂環式ジオールのアルキレンオキサイド(エチレンオキサイド、プロピレンオキサイド、ブチレンオキサイドなど)付加物;上記ビスフェノール類のアルキレンオキサイド(エチレンオキサイド、プロピレンオキサイド、ブチレンオキサイドなど)付加物などが挙げられる。これらのうち好ましいものは、炭素数2〜12のアルキレングリコール及びビスフェノール類のアルキレンオキサイド付加物であり、特に好ましいものはビスフェノール類のアルキレンオキサイド付加物及びこれと炭素数2〜12のアルキレングリコールとの併用である。3価以上の多価アルコール(TO)としては、3〜8価又はそれ以上の多価脂肪族アルコール(グリセリン、トリメチロールエタン、トリメチロールプロパン、ペンタエリスリトール、ソルビトールなど);3価以上のフェノール類(トリスフェノールPA、フェノールノボラック、クレゾールノボラックなど);上記3価以上のポリフェノール類のアルキレンオキサイド付加物などが挙げられる。
B1〜B5のアミノ基をブロックしたもの(B6)としては、前記B1〜B5のアミン類とケトン類(アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトンなど)から得られるケチミン化合物、オキサゾリジン化合物などが挙げられる。これらアミン類(B)のうち好ましいものは、B1およびB1と少量のB2の混合物である。
(1)先ず、着色剤、未変性ポリエステル、イソシアネート基を有するポリエステルプレポリマー、離型剤を有機溶媒中に分散させてトナー材料液を作る。有機溶媒は、沸点が100℃未満の揮発性であることが、トナー母体粒子形成後の除去が容易である点から好ましい。具体的には、トルエン、キシレン、ベンゼン、四塩化炭素、塩化メチレン、1,2−ジクロロエタン、1,1,2−トリクロロエタン、トリクロロエチレン、クロロホルム、モノクロロベンゼン、ジクロロエチリデン、酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトンなどを単独又は2種以上組合せて用いることができる。特に、トルエン、キシレン等の芳香族系溶媒及び塩化メチレン、1,2−ジクロロエタン、クロロホルム、四塩化炭素等のハロゲン化炭化水素が好ましい。有機溶媒の使用量は、ポリエステルプレポリマー100重量部に対し、通常0〜300重量部、好ましくは0〜100重量部、更に好ましくは25〜70重量部である。
(2)次に、トナー材料液を界面活性剤、樹脂微粒子の存在下、水系媒体中で乳化させる。水系媒体は、水単独でも良いし、アルコール(メタノール、イソプロピルアルコール、エチレングリコールなど)、ジメチルホルムアミド、テトラヒドロフラン、セルソルブ類(メチルセルソルブなど)、低級ケトン類(アセトン、メチルエチルケトンなど)などの有機溶媒を含むものであってもよい。トナー材料液100重量部に対する水系媒体の使用量は、通常50〜2000重量部、好ましくは100〜1000重量部である。50重量部未満ではトナー材料液の分散状態が悪く、所定の粒径のトナー粒子が得られない。2000重量部を超えると経済的でない。また、水系媒体中の分散を良好にするために、界面活性剤、樹脂微粒子等の分散剤を適宜加える。
上記の樹脂微粒子、無機化合物分散剤と併用して使用可能な分散剤として、高分子系保護コロイドにより分散液滴を安定化させても良い。例えばアクリル酸、メタクリル酸、α−シアノアクリル酸、α−シアノメタクリル酸、イタコン酸、クロトン酸、フマール酸、マレイン酸または無水マレイン酸などの酸類、又は水酸基を含有する(メタ)アクリル系単量体、例えばアクリル酸−β−ヒドロキシエチル、メタクリル酸−β−ヒドロキシエチル、アクリル酸−β−ヒドロキシプロビル、メタクリル酸−β−ヒドロキシプロピル、アクリル酸−γ−ヒドロキシプロピル、メタクリル酸−γ−ヒドロキシプロピル、アクリル酸−3−クロロ2−ヒドロキシプロビル、メタクリル酸−3−クロロ−2−ヒドロキシプロピル、ジエチレングリコールモノアクリル酸エステル、ジエチレングリコールモノメタクリル酸エステル、グリセリンモノアクリル酸エステル、グリセリンモノメタクリル酸エステル、N−メチロールアクリルアミド、N−メチロールメタクリルアミドなど、ビニルアルコール又はビニルアルコールとのエーテル類、例えばビニルメチルエーテル、ビニルエチルエーテル、ビニルプロピルエーテルなど、又はビニルアルコールとカルボキシル基を含有する化合物のエステル類、例えば酢酸ビニル、プロピオン酸ビニル、酪酸ビニルなど、アクリルアミド、メタクリルアミド、ジアセトンアクリルアミド又はこれらのメチロール化合物、アクリル酸クロライド、メタクリル酸クロライドなどの酸クロライド類、ビニルピリジン、ビニルピロリドン、ビニルイミダゾール、エチレンイミンなどの含窒素化合物、又はその複素環を有するものなどのホモポリマー又は共重合体、ポリオキシエチレン、ポリオキシプロピレン、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルアミン、ポリオキシプロピレンアルキルアミン、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルアミド、ポリオキシプロピレンアルキルアミド、ポリオキシエチレンノニルフェニルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルフェニルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンステアリルフェニルエステル、ポリオキシエチレンノニルフェニルエステルなどのポリオキシエチレン系、メチルセルロース、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロースなどのセルロース類などが使用できる。
(3)乳化液の作製と同時に、アミン類(B)を添加し、イソシアネート基を有するポリエステルプレポリマー(A)との反応を行わせる。
(4)反応終了後、乳化分散体(反応物)から有機溶媒を除去し、洗浄、乾燥してトナー母体粒子を得る。
(5)上記で得られたトナー母体粒子に、荷電制御剤を打ち込み、ついで、シリカ微粒子、酸化チタン微粒子等の無機微粒子を外添させ、トナーを得る。荷電制御剤の打ち込み、及び無機微粒子の外添は、ミキサー等を用いた公知の方法によって行われる。
2 帯電装置
3 現像装置
7 潤滑塗布装置
71 ブラシローラ
72 固形潤滑性付与剤
74 塗布ブレード
Claims (11)
- 像担持体と、該像担持体を帯電させる帯電装置と、前記像担持体に形成された静電潜像を可視像化する現像装置と、前記可視像を転写させた後の像担持体表面に残留するトナーを除去するクリーニング装置と、前記像担持体に潤滑剤を塗布するブラシローラ及び塗布された潤滑剤を薄層化する塗布ブレードとを有する画像形成装置において、
前記帯電装置、前記ブラシローラ、前記潤滑剤、前記塗布ブレードが交換可能な交換ユニットとして構成されていることを特徴とする画像形成装置。 - 請求項1に記載の画像形成装置において、前記塗布ブレードの当接方式が、カウンター方式であることを特徴とする画像形成装置。
- 請求項1に記載の画像形成装置において、前記ブラシローラを構成する繊維が導電性であることを特徴とする画像形成装置。
- 請求項1に記載の画像形成装置において、前記潤滑剤が前記ブラシローラに対し弾性押圧部材または自重によって押圧された固形潤滑性付与剤であることを特徴とする画像形成装置。
- 請求項4に記載の画像形成装置において、前記固形潤滑性付与剤が固形化されたステアリン酸亜鉛を用いたことを特徴とする画像形成装置。
- 前記トナーは、重量平均粒径が3〜8μmで、重量平均粒径(D4)と個数平均粒径(D1)との比(D4/D1)が1.00〜1.40の範囲にあるトナーであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の画像形成装置。
- 前記トナーは、形状係数SF−1が100〜180の範囲にあり、形状係数SF−2が100〜180の範囲にあるトナーであることを特徴とする請求項3又は1,2,6の何れかに記載の画像形成装置。
- 前記トナーは、トナー母体粒子表面に平均一次粒径が50〜500nmで、嵩密度が0.3g/cm3以上の微粒子を外添加して得られたトナーであることを特徴とする請求項1,6,7の何れかに記載の画像形成装置。
- 前記トナーは、少なくとも結着樹脂、着色剤、離型剤を含み、ガラス転移温度が45〜65℃、流出開始温度が90〜115℃のトナーであることを特徴とする請求項1,6〜8の何れかに記載の画像形成装置。
- 前記トナーは、少なくとも窒素原子を含む官能基を有するポリエステルプレポリマー、ポリエステル、着色剤、離型剤とを有機溶媒中に分散させたトナー材料液を、水系媒体中で架橋及び/又は伸長反応させて得られるトナーであることを特徴とする請求項1,6〜9の何れかに記載の画像形成装置。
- 像担持体と、該像担持体を帯電させる帯電装置と、前記像担持体に形成された静電潜像を可視像化する現像装置と、前記可視像を転写させた後の像担持体表面に残留するトナーを除去するクリーニング装置と、前記像担持体に潤滑剤を塗布するブラシローラ及び塗布された潤滑剤を薄層化する塗布ブレードと有するプロセスカートリッジにおいて、
前記プロセスカートリッジに対し、前記帯電装置、前記ブラシローラ、前記潤滑剤、前記塗布ブレードが交換可能な交換ユニットとして構成されていることを特徴とするプロセスカートリッジ。
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