JP2007511350A - 水処理システム及び方法 - Google Patents
水処理システム及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2007511350A JP2007511350A JP2006539940A JP2006539940A JP2007511350A JP 2007511350 A JP2007511350 A JP 2007511350A JP 2006539940 A JP2006539940 A JP 2006539940A JP 2006539940 A JP2006539940 A JP 2006539940A JP 2007511350 A JP2007511350 A JP 2007511350A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 366
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 73
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- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
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- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000009296 electrodeionization Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 21
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- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/469—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/44—Ion-selective electrodialysis
- B01D61/46—Apparatus therefor
- B01D61/48—Apparatus therefor having one or more compartments filled with ion-exchange material, e.g. electrodeionisation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J47/00—Ion-exchange processes in general; Apparatus therefor
- B01J47/02—Column or bed processes
- B01J47/06—Column or bed processes during which the ion-exchange material is subjected to a physical treatment, e.g. heat, electric current, irradiation or vibration
- B01J47/08—Column or bed processes during which the ion-exchange material is subjected to a physical treatment, e.g. heat, electric current, irradiation or vibration subjected to a direct electric current
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/4602—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods for prevention or elimination of deposits
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/469—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
- C02F1/4693—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis electrodialysis
- C02F1/4695—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis electrodialysis electrodeionisation
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
- C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
- C02F2201/4612—Controlling or monitoring
- C02F2201/46125—Electrical variables
- C02F2201/4613—Inversing polarity
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- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
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- C02F2201/4618—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolyte
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F2303/185—The treatment agent being halogen or a halogenated compound
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Abstract
Description
第1の実験は、実験2よりも少数の試料を含み、かつ腐食分析が、澱んだ条件で実行された。生成水試料は、システムから取られ、かつ1日目、4日目及び12日目に分析された。水は、直列貯蔵器のない低い流れCEDIシステム内で処理された。水は、次の条件で1回(陰極でなく)減耗区画を通過した。
・25セル対−連続使用、単流操作による低流動性小型スタック
・区画寸法:7.5インチ×幅1.2インチ
・樹脂充填:60%IRA−458アニオン樹脂、40%SF−120カチオン樹脂
・濃縮物再循環及び生成物放出流量:〜1l(訳注:1リットル)/min
・廃棄物/排出連続放出流量:〜500ml/min
・電極連続流量:電極当たり〜300ml/min。新鮮な給水が電極区画に送られた
・印加電圧=36V、又は1.45V/セル
・供給導電率=740μS
・生成物は、単流操作から得られた
A−澱んだ水が、いかなる試験片もなしで対照(control)として使用された。試験片を含まない澱んだ水の試料は、試料C、D及びEのように(下記参照)、1日目、5日目及び12日目に分析された。
B−3つの水(changing)の各々は、別個のビーカー内に置かれ、かつ浸漬した試験片が、新鮮な水と接触することを可能にするために、水は定期的に変えられた。このことは、浸出に対する新鮮な水の効果を観察するために行われた。交換された水は、水が換えられる度に分析された。3つの試料中の水は、1日目、5日目、9日目及び12日目に変えられた。
C−試験片は、正確に1日間、3つの水(澱み水)の各々の中で浸漬された。水は、1日後、分析のために送られた。
D−試験片は、5日間、3つの水(澱み水)の各々の中で浸漬された。水は、5日間の停滞後、分析のために送られた。
E−試験片は、12日間、3つの水(澱み水)の各々の中で浸漬された。水は、12日間の停滞後、分析のために送られた。
・25セル対−直列貯蔵器/タンクシステムを有する陰極スタックを通る生成物
・区画寸法:7.5インチ×幅1.2インチ
・樹脂充填:60%IRA−458アニオン樹脂、40%SF−120カチオン樹脂
・濃縮物再循環及び生成物再循環流量:〜1.4 l/min
・廃棄物/排出水洗(定期的に水洗される)流量:〜200ml/min
・陰極を通る生成水、陽極を通る濃縮物再循環流れ
・印加電圧=51V、又は2.04V/セル
・供給導電率=740μS
・生成水の試料は、約220マイクロジーメンスの設定点でタンクから収集された。
100 電気脱イオン化装置
110、210 陽極区画
120、220 陰極区画
140a、140b、140c、240a、240b、240c イオン減耗区画
Claims (20)
- 約0未満のランゲリア飽和指数(LSI)を有する第2水流を生成するために電気化学装置の減耗区画に第1水流を通すことと、
第3水流を生成するために電気化学装置の陰極区画に第2水流を通すこととを含み、第3水流は、第1水流よりも腐食性が低く、かつ約0未満のLSIを有する、水を提供する方法。 - 第2水流の腐食性は、陰極区画に水を通すことによって減少する請求項1に記載の方法。
- 第3水流は、水流中の酸化性種濃度を減少させることによって腐食性を低くされる請求項2に記載の方法。
- 電気化学装置は、電気脱イオン化装置を含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 第2水流を生成するために電気化学装置の陰極区画に第1水流を通すことと、
約0未満のLSIを有する第3水流を生成するために電気化学装置の減耗区画に第2水流を通すこととを含み、第3水流は、第1水流よりも腐食性が低い、飲料水を提供する方法。 - 第1水流の腐食性は、陰極区画に水を通すことによって減少する請求項5に記載の方法。
- 第3水流は、水流中の酸化性種濃度を減少させることによって腐食性を低くされる請求項6に記載の方法。
- 電気化学装置は、電気脱イオン化装置を含む請求項5に記載の方法。
- 第1水流から90%を超える活性塩素を除去することと、
電気化学装置の減耗区画に水流を通すことと、
水流中に溶解した何らかのイオンの一部を除去することと、
保存容器を含むループに水流を導入することと、
ループ内の有効平均塩素濃度を維持するために適切な速度でループに第2水流中の活性塩素を導入することとを含む水中の残留塩素レベルを保持する方法。 - 有効塩素濃度は、第1水流中の25%を超える塩素濃度である請求項9に記載の方法。
- 電気化学装置の減耗区画に、一価及び二価イオンを含む給水を通すことと、
処理水を生成するために、給水から少なくとも30%の二価イオンを除去し、かつ少なくとも約80%のシリカ、ホウ素及びフッ化物から選択される種を保持することと、
家庭消費用に処理水を供給することとを含む給水中のイオンを選択的に保持する方法。 - 電気化学装置の減耗区画に水流を通すことと、
電気化学装置を通過する電流を制御するために、水流中で約25%を超える何らかの硬度イオンを除去するのに適し、しかし水流から約10%を超える何らかのフッ化物又はシリカ種を除去するためには不適切なレベルで、電気化学装置に印加される電圧を調整することとを含む浄水を生成する方法。 - 10%未満の何らかのフッ化物種が除去される請求項12に記載の方法。
- 10%未満の何らかのシリカ種が除去される請求項12に記載の方法。
- 2度目に減耗区画に浄水を通すことを更に含む請求項12に記載の方法。
- 電気化学装置は、電気脱イオン化装置を含む請求項12に記載の方法。
- 電気化学装置は、電気透析装置を含む請求項12に記載の方法。
- 軟水を生成するための給水から30%を超える何らかの硬度イオンを除去するために、イオン交換物質の床を介して給水を移すことと、
軟水を家庭消費用に供給することと、
カルシウムを含む濃縮溶液を放出することとを含む方法であって、軟水のイオン含量及び濃縮溶液のイオン含量の和が、給水によって供給された全イオン含量以下である方法。 - 軟水は、給水よりも腐食性が低い請求項18に記載の方法。
- イオン交換物質の床を横切って電流を印加することを更に含む請求項18に記載の方法。
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