JP2007327955A - 光センサの感度を調整する方法およびシステム - Google Patents
光センサの感度を調整する方法およびシステム Download PDFInfo
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- JP2007327955A JP2007327955A JP2007149132A JP2007149132A JP2007327955A JP 2007327955 A JP2007327955 A JP 2007327955A JP 2007149132 A JP2007149132 A JP 2007149132A JP 2007149132 A JP2007149132 A JP 2007149132A JP 2007327955 A JP2007327955 A JP 2007327955A
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- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 37
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000253 optical time-domain reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
- G01D5/35338—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using other arrangements than interferometer arrangements
- G01D5/35341—Sensor working in transmission
- G01D5/35348—Sensor working in transmission using stimulated emission to detect the measured quantity
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
- G01D5/35338—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using other arrangements than interferometer arrangements
- G01D5/35354—Sensor working in reflection
- G01D5/35358—Sensor working in reflection using backscattering to detect the measured quantity
- G01D5/35364—Sensor working in reflection using backscattering to detect the measured quantity using inelastic backscattering to detect the measured quantity, e.g. using Brillouin or Raman backscattering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
- G01M11/30—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides
- G01M11/31—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides with a light emitter and a light receiver being disposed at the same side of a fibre or waveguide end-face, e.g. reflectometers
- G01M11/3109—Reflectometers detecting the back-scattered light in the time-domain, e.g. OTDR
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
- G01M11/30—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides
- G01M11/31—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides with a light emitter and a light receiver being disposed at the same side of a fibre or waveguide end-face, e.g. reflectometers
- G01M11/319—Reflectometers using stimulated back-scatter, e.g. Raman or fibre amplifiers
Abstract
【解決手段】光ファイバ中の第1の光ビームは、第1の速度で光ファイバを伝播する第1の部分と第2の部分に分離される。第1の部分および第2の部分が第2の速度で光ファイバを伝播するように第1の光ビームと相互作用する第2の光ビームが光ファイバに向けられる。次いで、伝播速度は、光センサの感度に影響を及ぼす。
【選択図】図2
Description
近年、光センサは、多くの異なる種類の測定を行うために様々な技術で広く使用されている。歪センサおよび光ファイバジャイロスコープなどの多くの光センサは、「伝播時間の測定」を行うことによって動作する。すなわち、そのような光センサは、光ファイバの長さ方向、または光ファイバのコイルの円周方向などの特定光路長を光が進むのにかかった時間量を測定する。しかし、光センサの特定の型に依存して、行われる測定は、光が所定の経路を進むのにかかった総時間量ではなく、光の異なる部分がその光路を進むのにかかった時間の差であることがある。
ここで、nは光ファイバの材料の屈折率であり、cは真空中の光の速度である。
したがって、第1の部分と第2の部分の戻りの時間差は、次式のように表すことができる。
すなわち Δt=2n/c(L−l)
したがって、反射器とビーム分割特徴との間の任意の距離(L−l)に対して、光ファイバ14内の材料の屈折率の変化、したがって材料内の光の速度の変化によって、検出時間差Δtが変化する。その結果として、光ファイバの屈折率が任意の距離L−lに関して増加するときに、Δtの増加のために光ファイバセンサ10の分解能が上がる。すなわち、光ファイバ14の屈折率の増加によって、光ファイバセンサ10はより小さな特徴を検出できるようになる。
26 検出器および光源
28 光ファイバ
30 光ファイバカップラ
32 制御光源
34 コンピュータ制御モジュール
36 反射器
Claims (3)
- 光ファイバセンサ(24)の感度を調整する方法であって、
第1の速度で光ファイバ(28)を伝播する第1の光ビームを、前記光ファイバ(28)に導くステップと、
前記第1の光ビームが第2の速度で前記光ファイバ(28)を伝播するように前記第1の光ビームと相互作用する第2の光ビームを、前記光ファイバ(28)に導くステップと、を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法であって、
前記第1の光ビームが第1の周波数を有し、前記第2の光ビームが第2の周波数を有し、前記光ファイバ(28)が選択された材料を含み、前記第2の周波数が、前記第1の周波数と前記選択された材料のブリュアンシフトの和、および前記第1の周波数と前記選択された材料のブリュアンシフトの差の少なくとも1つにほぼ等しいことを特徴とする方法。 - 光ファイバセンサ(24)であって、前記光ファイバセンサ(24)は、
光ファイバ(28)と、前記光ファイバ(28)に結合されたビーム分割特徴(30)とを含んだ光ファイバ組立品を有し、前記光ファイバ(28)はブリュアンシフトを有する選択された材料を含み、
前記光ファイバセンサ(24)は、さらに、第1の周波数の第1の光ビームを前記光ファイバ(28)に導くように前記光ファイバ(28)に結合された第1の光源(26)を有し、前記第1の光ビームが前記ビーム分割特徴(30)の中を伝播するときに、前記第1の光ビームは、ある時間量だけ分離された第1の部分と第2の部分とに分かれ、
前記光ファイバセンサ(24)は、さらに、前記第1の光ビームの前記第1の部分と前記第2の部分とを分離する前記時間量を変化させるように前記第1の光ビームと相互作用する第2の周波数の第2の光ビームを、前記光ファイバ(28)に導くように前記光ファイバ(28)に結合された第2の光源(32)を備え、前記第2の周波数は、前記第1の周波数と前記選択された材料のブリュアンシフトの和、および前記第1の周波数と前記選択された材料のブリュアンシフトの差の少なくとも1つにほぼ等しいものであり、
前記光ファイバセンサ(24)は、さらに、前記第1の光ビームの前記第1の部分および前記第2の部分を捕らえ、前記第1の部分と第2の部分とを分離する変化した前記時間量を測定するように前記光ファイバ(28)に結合された検出器(26)を備えることを特徴とする光ファイバセンサ(24)。
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US81145506P | 2006-06-05 | 2006-06-05 | |
US60/811,455 | 2006-06-05 | ||
US11/489,822 | 2006-07-19 | ||
US11/489,822 US7356207B2 (en) | 2006-06-05 | 2006-07-19 | Method and system for adjusting the sensitivity of optical sensors |
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JP2007327955A true JP2007327955A (ja) | 2007-12-20 |
JP5085194B2 JP5085194B2 (ja) | 2012-11-28 |
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JP2007149132A Expired - Fee Related JP5085194B2 (ja) | 2006-06-05 | 2007-06-05 | 光センサの感度を調整する方法およびシステム |
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US (1) | US7356207B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1865290A3 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5085194B2 (ja) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2013037002A (ja) * | 2007-06-15 | 2013-02-21 | Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior Univ | 光センサにおいて低速光を使用するためのシステムおよび方法 |
US8705044B2 (en) | 2008-04-01 | 2014-04-22 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Method of using a unidirectional crow gyroscope |
US9019482B2 (en) | 2009-06-05 | 2015-04-28 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Optical device with fiber Bragg grating and narrowband optical source |
US9025157B2 (en) | 2010-09-08 | 2015-05-05 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | System and method for measuring perturbations using a slow-light fiber Bragg grating sensor |
US9366808B2 (en) | 2010-09-08 | 2016-06-14 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Slow-light sensor utilizing an optical filter and a narrowband optical source |
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GB2461566A (en) * | 2008-07-03 | 2010-01-06 | Vestas Wind Sys As | Embedded fibre optic sensor for mounting on wind turbine components and method of producing the same. |
GB2463696A (en) * | 2008-09-22 | 2010-03-24 | Vestas Wind Sys As | Edge-wise bending insensitive strain sensor system |
GB2466433B (en) | 2008-12-16 | 2011-05-25 | Vestas Wind Sys As | Turbulence sensor and blade condition sensor system |
US8127628B2 (en) | 2009-02-10 | 2012-03-06 | Consolidated Edison Company Of New York, Inc. | Gas meter reading system |
WO2010093391A1 (en) | 2009-02-10 | 2010-08-19 | Consolidated Edison Company Of New York, Inc. | Optical reading system and method of operation |
GB2472437A (en) | 2009-08-06 | 2011-02-09 | Vestas Wind Sys As | Wind turbine rotor blade control based on detecting turbulence |
EP2516968A1 (en) * | 2009-12-21 | 2012-10-31 | Waterford Institute Of Technology | Interrogation of wavelength-specfic devices |
GB2477529A (en) | 2010-02-04 | 2011-08-10 | Vestas Wind Sys As | A wind turbine optical wind sensor for determining wind speed and direction |
CN107124910B (zh) * | 2014-01-24 | 2019-08-23 | 加州理工学院 | 稳定的微波频率源 |
US9921085B2 (en) | 2015-09-03 | 2018-03-20 | Honeywell Federal Manufacturing & Technologies, Llc | Method for active sensor signal optimization |
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JPS5569006A (en) * | 1978-11-21 | 1980-05-24 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Strain measuring method for optical fiber |
JPH0282133A (ja) * | 1988-09-19 | 1990-03-22 | Fujikura Ltd | 光ファイバの歪測定方法及び歪測定装置 |
JP2003322589A (ja) * | 2002-03-01 | 2003-11-14 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | ブリルアンスペクトル分布測定方法および装置 |
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IT1266016B1 (it) * | 1994-05-30 | 1996-12-16 | Cselt Centro Studi Lab Telecom | Procedimento per la misura dell'indice di rifrazione non lineare in una fibra ottica monomodo. |
US6813403B2 (en) * | 2002-03-14 | 2004-11-02 | Fiber Optic Systems Technology, Inc. | Monitoring of large structures using brillouin spectrum analysis |
KR100625807B1 (ko) * | 2004-02-25 | 2006-09-20 | 한국과학기술원 | 브릴루앙 광섬유 센서를 이용하는 물리량 측정방법 |
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-
2006
- 2006-07-19 US US11/489,822 patent/US7356207B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2007
- 2007-06-01 EP EP07109448A patent/EP1865290A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-06-05 JP JP2007149132A patent/JP5085194B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5569006A (en) * | 1978-11-21 | 1980-05-24 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Strain measuring method for optical fiber |
JPH0282133A (ja) * | 1988-09-19 | 1990-03-22 | Fujikura Ltd | 光ファイバの歪測定方法及び歪測定装置 |
JP2003322589A (ja) * | 2002-03-01 | 2003-11-14 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | ブリルアンスペクトル分布測定方法および装置 |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2013037002A (ja) * | 2007-06-15 | 2013-02-21 | Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior Univ | 光センサにおいて低速光を使用するためのシステムおよび方法 |
US8705044B2 (en) | 2008-04-01 | 2014-04-22 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Method of using a unidirectional crow gyroscope |
US9019482B2 (en) | 2009-06-05 | 2015-04-28 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Optical device with fiber Bragg grating and narrowband optical source |
US9329089B2 (en) | 2009-06-05 | 2016-05-03 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Optical device utilizing fiber bragg grating and narrowband light with non-bragg wavelength |
US9025157B2 (en) | 2010-09-08 | 2015-05-05 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | System and method for measuring perturbations using a slow-light fiber Bragg grating sensor |
US9347826B2 (en) | 2010-09-08 | 2016-05-24 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | System and method for measuring perturbations utilizing an optical filter and a narrowband optical source |
US9366808B2 (en) | 2010-09-08 | 2016-06-14 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Slow-light sensor utilizing an optical filter and a narrowband optical source |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1865290A3 (en) | 2010-10-06 |
JP5085194B2 (ja) | 2012-11-28 |
US7356207B2 (en) | 2008-04-08 |
US20070280582A1 (en) | 2007-12-06 |
EP1865290A2 (en) | 2007-12-12 |
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