JP2007236355A - Medium for cultivation - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a medium for cultivation, which increases the yield of high-quality mushroom while realizing reduction in cost price and stable supply. <P>SOLUTION: The medium for cultivation comprises a base material and an additive added to the base material. The base material is composed of ground chaff 41. In this case, chaff 41 which is mainly cut into two of lemma and glume and cut to a three- or four-cut state is used as the chaff. The medium for cultivation comprises rice bran 42, bean peel 43, bran 44 and beet 45 as additives. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a cultivation medium used for, for example, straw cultivation.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a culture medium using sawdust as a base material is known as a culture medium (hereinafter also simply referred to as “medium”) used for straw cultivation. This medium is used by many grape growers because the yield is relatively stable and the handling is relatively easy. However, the amount of sawdust produced (amount generated) has been decreasing year by year due to an increase in imports of inexpensive foreign lumber products and a decrease in domestic lumber production, and to continue to secure sawdust as a substrate for the culture medium. May become difficult. In addition, since sawdust is difficult to decompose, composting of spent medium (waste medium) requires a long period of one year or more, so it is difficult to treat (effectively use) the waste medium. There is also a problem of being.

  In order to solve such problems, in recent years, a medium using corn cob as a base material instead of sawdust has been widely used. In this case, corn cob is obtained by finely pulverizing a corn core, and is imported from China or the like, which is the main production country. For this reason, this medium has a problem that the cost increases compared to a medium that uses sawdust as a base material because of the cost of importing corn cob. In addition, when this medium is used, the pulverized corncob fine powder is likely to be scattered, so that various germs adhering to the corncob before sterilization can be propagated in the sterilized medium or adversely affected by being sucked into the human body. There is also a risk. Furthermore, since the waste medium of this medium emits a strong odor compared to other waste mediums, it is difficult to treat (effectively use) the waste medium by composting, and in recent years there are concerns about residual agricultural chemicals in imported agricultural products. Since the “Positive List” was enforced on May 29, 2006, and the use of agricultural chemicals was restricted by this, it was required to switch to a culture medium using safer, safer, and cheaper domestic ingredients. Therefore, it is an urgent issue to improve the profitability of paddy production while responding to this.

  Under such circumstances, a medium using a safe and safe rice husk as a base material as a domestic raw material has attracted attention. In this case, the rice husk is supplied at a very low price and is expected to be supplied in an abundant and stable manner in the future, so that it is possible to solve the above problems by using sawdust and corn cob as a base material. Become. Most rice husks are produced from rice grown in the country. For this reason, interest in “safety” and “reliability” for foods has increased, strict attention has been paid to the raw materials, materials and cultivation environment of agricultural products, and there is no conflict with the positive list of traceability (history management) for these. In today's environment where even proof is required, a medium using rice husk as a base material is expected to surely meet these requirements.

  As this type of medium using rice husk as a base material, a culture medium for cultivating edible potatoes disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-225630 is known. This cultivation medium is made by mixing rice bran and okara in a predetermined mixing ratio with a pressure-pulverized rice husk powder (hereinafter also simply referred to as “rice husk powder”) as a base material that is pulverized after the rice husk is compressed. It is produced by adding water.

JP-A-6-225630 (page 3-4, FIG. 1)

  However, the conventional culture medium described above has the following problems. That is, in this cultivation medium, finely powdered rice husk is used as a base material. For this reason, in this cultivation medium, sufficient space is not formed in the cultivation medium filled in the cultivation bottle. As a result, sufficient growth (elongation) of the mycelium becomes difficult, and the growth of the mycelium takes a long time. There is a problem that the yield of straw is reduced due to the necessity. In this case, a method using a rice husk that is not finely powdered, that is, in a state of being crushed, as a base material is also conceivable. However, in this method, since the space in the medium becomes excessive, there is a problem that it becomes difficult to cultivate good quality strawberries due to excessive oxygen or insufficient supply of nutrients to the mycelium.

  The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and a main object of the present invention is to provide a cultivation medium that can increase the yield of good quality grapes while realizing cost reduction and stable supply.

  To achieve the above object, the cultivation medium according to claim 1 is a cultivation medium comprising a base material and an additive added to the base material, wherein the base material is a crushed rice husk and a crushed straw. It is comprised including at least one.

  The cultivation medium according to claim 2 is the cultivation medium according to claim 1, wherein the base material includes the rice husk, and the rice husk includes an outer shell and an inner shell that form the rice husk. It is mainly crushed so as to be in one of two, three or four.

  The cultivation medium according to claim 3 is the cultivation medium according to claim 1 or 2, and includes one or more of rice bran, bean hull, bran and beet as the additive.

  Moreover, the cultivation medium of Claim 4 is shape | molded in the shape of either a pellet form, a granular form, a tablet form, and flake form in the cultivation medium in any one of Claim 1 to 3.

  According to the culture medium of claim 1, since at least one of the crushed rice husks and the crushed rice husks is used as a base material, rice husks and rice husks are discharged in large quantities from the rice milling facility, the rice milling facility, and the field at any time. The amount of rice husks and straw required for the production of the culture medium can be ensured at a lower cost than the imported raw materials, and stably and easily. In addition, because the base material is composed of crushed rice husks and crushed rice husks, unlike conventional culture media that use finely pulverized rice husks as a base material, Since an appropriate space can be formed, the mycelium of cocoons can be sufficiently grown in a short period of time. In addition, since a moderate space is formed in the culture medium, the fruit body is good, unlike a medium that uses non-crushed rice husks, the quality of which decreases due to excessive space in the medium. Can be grown in any state. Therefore, according to this culture medium, it is possible to increase the yield of good quality grapes while realizing a reduction in the cost and stable supply of the culture medium.

  Moreover, according to the culture medium of Claim 2, the growth of the mycelium of a cocoon is carried out by crushing the outer pod and the inner cocoon which comprise a rice husk mainly into two, and dividing into the state of a tri-section and a quadrant. Since a space optimal for the growth of fruit bodies in a good state can be formed in the culture medium, the yield of higher quality persimmon can be further increased.

  Further, according to the culture medium of claim 3, by adding one or more kinds of rice bran, bean hull, bran and beet as additives, for example, these additions for supplementing nutrients to the mycelium of straw The work efficiency in the straw cultivation facility can be improved as much as the step of adding the product in the straw cultivation facility can be omitted.

  Moreover, according to the cultivation culture medium of Claim 4, since it shape | molded in any shape of a pellet form, a granular form, a tablet form, and flake form, it can handle a cultivation medium easily in the case of transportation and use. In addition, it is possible to reliably prevent the cultivation medium from being scattered during transportation and use. In addition, since the rice husks and cocoons can be crushed to an appropriate size in the step of forming into the shape described above, the manufacturing cost can be reduced by the amount that there is no need to separately perform the crushing treatment.

  Hereinafter, the best mode in which the cultivation medium according to the present invention is applied to the straw cultivation medium will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  First, the configuration of the manufacturing apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1 will be described. The production apparatus 1 is an apparatus for producing a cultivation medium 31 (see FIGS. 5 and 6; hereinafter, also simply referred to as “medium 31”) used for straw cultivation, and raw material tanks 11a to 11e (hereinafter, when not distinguished). (Also referred to as “raw material tank 11”), weighing / feeding devices 12a to 12e (hereinafter also referred to as “weighing / feeding device 12” when not distinguished), mixing device 13, service tank 14, sterilization device 15, pellet forming device 16, A drying device 17, a product tank 18 and a weighing / filling device 19 are provided. In this case, a belt conveyor and a screw conveyor (both not shown) for conveying raw materials, intermediate products, and the like are installed between the devices and tanks constituting the manufacturing apparatus 1.

  The raw material tanks 11a to 11e are configured to be capable of storing a plurality of types (for example, five types) of raw materials for producing the culture medium 31, respectively. In this case, for example, rice husk 41 (see FIG. 3) as a main raw material is stored in the raw material tank 11a. The raw material tanks 11b to 11e store rice bran 42, bean hulls 43, bran 44 and beets 45 as auxiliary raw materials, respectively. Here, the rice husk 41 is a raw material serving as a base material for growing (stretching) the mycelium of the cocoon, and in the manufacturing apparatus 1, the rice husk 41 has not been crushed or crushed, that is, crushed. The thing of the state of is used. On the other hand, rice bran 42, bean hull 43, bran 44 and beet 45 are additives added to rice husk 41 (base material) in order to supply nutrients to the mycelium of straw. What was processed into the shape is used. Moreover, each raw material tank 11a-11e becomes a sealed structure, for example in order to prevent scattering of each raw material.

  The weighing / feeding devices 12a to 12e respectively measure the raw materials (main raw material and auxiliary raw material) supplied from the raw material tanks 11a to 11e by a predetermined weight. The mixing device 13 is composed of, for example, a mixer, and mixes each raw material weighed by each weighing / feeding device 12 (hereinafter, a mixture of the raw materials is also referred to as “mixed raw material”). The service tank 14 stores the mixed raw material mixed by the mixing device 13. The sterilizer 15 includes a high-temperature steam generator, a steam sprayer, and a stirrer, and sterilizes the raw material by stirring the sprayed high-temperature steam to the mixed raw material.

  The pellet forming apparatus (pellet machine) 17 forms the sterilized mixed raw material into a pellet shape. Instead of the pellet forming apparatus 16, an extruder can be used. The drying device 17 dries the mixed raw material formed into a pellet. The product tank 18 stores the dried pellet-shaped mixed raw material (that is, the culture medium 31). The weighing / filling device 19 measures a predetermined weight of the culture medium 31 and fills the packaging bag 101 (see FIG. 5) or the flexible container 102 (see FIG. 6).

  On the other hand, the culture medium 31 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 is manufactured by the manufacturing apparatus 1 using the above-described five kinds of raw materials. The culture medium 31 is formed into a pellet shape (columnar shape) having a diameter of about 4 mm and a length of about 10 to 15 mm. For this reason, compared with, for example, a powdered (mash) medium, handling during transportation and use is easy, and scattering during transportation and use can be reliably prevented.

  Next, the manufacturing process 60 which manufactures the culture medium 31 using the manufacturing apparatus 1 is demonstrated with reference to FIG. First, rice husk 41 as a main raw material, and rice bran 42, bean hull 43, bran 44 and beet 45 as auxiliary raw materials are stored in the raw material tanks 11a to 11e of the raw material tank 11 (raw material storage step 61). Here, since the rice husk 41 is discharged in large quantities from the rice hulling facility and the rice milling facility as needed, the amount necessary for producing the culture medium 31 can be secured inexpensively and stably and easily. Moreover, in this manufacturing apparatus 1, the chaff 41 in a state of being hulled is used. For this reason, the manufacturing cost can be reduced by the amount that pre-processing such as crushing and crushing is unnecessary.

  Next, each of the weighing / feeding devices 12a to 12e is operated. At this time, the weighing / feeding devices 12a to 12e weigh each of the sub-materials supplied from the raw material tanks 11b to 11e by a predetermined weight and put them into the mixing device 13 (raw material charging step 62). In this case, the weight of each raw material weighed by the weighing / feeding devices 12a to 12e is, for example, 50% by weight of the composition ratio of rice husk 41, rice bran 42, bean hull 43, bran 44 and beet 45 in the mixed raw material. 20% by weight, 10% by weight, 10% by weight and 10% by weight.

  Next, the mixing device 13 is operated to mix the raw materials, for example, for 15 minutes (mixing step 63). Thereby, the mixed raw material whose water content after mixing is about 13% is generated. Next, the mixed raw material mixed by the mixing device 13 is put into the service tank 14. Subsequently, the mixed raw material is moved from the service tank 14 to the sterilizer 15 to operate the sterilizer 15. In this case, the steam sprayer of the sterilizer 15 sprays the high temperature steam from the high temperature steam generator onto the mixed raw material, and the agitator stirs the mixed raw material for 1 minute, for example. As a result, the mixed raw material is sterilized (sterilization step 64).

  Next, the mixed raw material that has been sterilized is put into the pellet forming apparatus 16 and the pellet forming apparatus 16 is operated. At this time, the pellet forming apparatus 16 forms the mixed raw material into a pellet having a diameter of about 6 mm and a length of about 10 to 15 mm (pellet forming step 65). Here, when the mixed raw material is formed into pellets by the pellet forming device 16, pressure or shear force is applied to the rice husk 41 in the mixed raw material, and outer shells 51 a and inner shells constituting the rice husk 41. (Neiei) 51b (see FIG. 3 for both: hereinafter, when the outer rod 51a and the inner rod 51b are not distinguished from each other, they are also referred to as “穎 51”). In this case, by adjusting the molding speed of the pellet molding apparatus 16, the ridge 51 is mainly divided into two parts, three parts, and four parts divided along the vertical direction or the horizontal direction, as schematically shown in FIG. It is crushed so that it is split.

  Next, the mixed raw material formed into pellets is moved to the drying device 17 to operate the drying device 17. At this time, the drying device 17 heats the mixed raw material with steam and then cools it by sucking air. In this case, the mixed raw material is dried until the water content is 12 to 13% by removing moisture by heating the mixed raw material and sucking air (drying step 66). In addition, the drying process 66 may be repeated a plurality of times to reduce the water content of the mixed raw material. Thereby, the pellet-shaped culture medium 31 is completed. Subsequently, the dried culture medium 31 is stored in the product tank 18. In this case, since the moisture content of the culture medium 31 is 12 to 13%, even if the culture medium 31 is stored (stored) in the product tank 18 for a relatively long period of time, a situation in which the culture medium 31 is fermented and generates a bad odor is ensured. Is prevented.

  Next, the weighing / filling device 19 is used to weigh, for example, 15 kg of the medium 31 stored in the product tank 18, and the weighed medium 31 is filled in the packaging bag 101 shown in FIG. 5 (weighing / filling step 67). ). In this case, instead of the packaging bag 101, for example, a large flexible container 102 shown in FIG. In order to prevent bacteria from adhering to the culture medium 31, the packaging bag 101 and the flexible container 102 are formed of an airtight material, or the packaging bag 101 and the flexible container 102 have an airtight inner bag. Can also be arranged. Thus, the manufacturing process 60 of the culture medium 31 is completed.

  On the other hand, when performing bottle cultivation of straw using the culture medium 31 in the straw cultivation facility, the culture medium 31 transported in a state of being filled in the packaging bag 101 or the flexible container 102 is put into a mixer, for example, and the culture medium Water is added and sufficiently stirred so that the moisture content of 31 is 64 to 65%. Next, the culture medium 31 that has been stirred is filled in the cultivation bottle, sterilized, and then inoculated with the inoculum to form a fungus bed.

  In this case, in this medium 31, rice husk 41 as a base material for growing the mycelium of straw and rice bran 42, bean hull 43, bran 44 and beet 45 as additives for supplementing the mycelium with nutrients Premixed. Therefore, the work efficiency in the straw cultivation facility can be improved as much as the step of adding the additive in the straw cultivation facility can be omitted. Moreover, since the mixed raw material is sterilized when the culture medium 31 is manufactured, the sterilization time after the culture bottle 31 is filled with the culture medium 31 can be sufficiently shortened. Moreover, since the culture medium 31 is formed into a pellet, for example, the handling of the culture medium 31 during transportation and use is easier than in the case of a powdered culture medium, and the culture medium 31 is scattered during transportation and use. Is reliably prevented.

  Subsequently, in order to grow the mycelium of the planted inoculum in the culture medium 31, it is cultured for a predetermined number of days (for example, about 15 days). In this case, in this culture medium 31, since rice husk 41 as a base material is mainly crushed into two, three parts and four parts, conventional culture medium using finely ground rice husk as a base material Unlike the above, since an appropriate space is formed in the culture medium 31 filled in the cultivation bottle, the mycelium is sufficiently grown in a short period of time.

  Next, after performing “bacteria scraping”, the fruit bodies (parts to be edible) are “sprouted” to grow the fruit bodies for a predetermined number of days (for example, about 30 days). In this case, since a moderate space is formed in the culture medium 31 as described above, a culture medium using a rice husk in a non-crushed state whose quality is deteriorated due to an excessive space in the culture medium as a main raw material. Unlike when used, the fruit body grows in good condition. Subsequently, the fully grown fruit body is harvested.

  On the other hand, the medium 31 after used for straw cultivation (hereinafter, the medium 31 after use is also referred to as “waste medium”) can be effectively used by, for example, accumulating and composting. In this case, since the waste medium uses rice husk 41 as a base material as a main raw material, the waste medium can be composted in a relatively short time unlike a conventional medium using sawdust as a base material. It is possible to promote effective use of. Moreover, in the waste culture medium which uses the rice husk 41 as a main raw material, compared with the conventional culture medium which uses a corn cob as a base material, since generation | occurrence | production of malodor is comparatively few, it is to the surroundings by generation | occurrence | production of malodor in composting It is possible to reduce adverse effects.

  Thus, according to this culture medium 31, since the rice husk 41 is used as a base material, the rice husk 41 is discharged in large quantities from the rice milling facility and the rice milling facility as needed. Can be secured inexpensively and stably and easily. In addition, by configuring the base material with the crushed rice husk 41, unlike a conventional cultivation medium using a finely pulverized rice husk as the base material, an appropriate space is provided in the culture medium 31 filled in the cultivation bottle. Since it can form, the mycelium of a cocoon can fully grow in a short period of time. In addition, since a moderate space is formed in the culture medium 31, the fruit body is excellent unlike a culture medium using a non-crushed rice husk whose quality is reduced due to an excessive space in the culture medium. Can be grown in a state. Therefore, according to this culture medium 31, it is possible to increase the yield of good quality grapes while realizing a reduction in the cost of the culture medium 31 and stable supply.

  Furthermore, according to this culture medium 31, the cocoon 51 constituting the rice husk 41 is mainly divided into two parts, and is crushed so as to be in a three-part and four-part state. Since a space optimal for the growth of fruiting bodies can be formed in the culture medium 31, the yield of higher quality persimmon can be further increased.

  Moreover, according to this culture medium 31, by adding rice bran 42, bean hull 43, bran 44, and beet 45 as additives, these additives for supplementing nutrients to the mycelium of straw are added in the straw cultivation facility. The work efficiency in the paddy cultivation facility can be improved as much as the step to do can be omitted.

  Moreover, according to this culture medium 31, since the shape was shape | molded to the pellet form, while being able to handle the culture medium 31 easily at the time of transportation and use, the scattering of the culture medium 31 at the time of transportation and use is ensured. Can be prevented. Moreover, since the rice husk 41 can be crushed into an appropriate size (divided into two, three and four) in the process of forming into a pellet, the production cost is reduced by the fact that there is no need for a separate crushing process. Can be reduced.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to said structure. For example, although the example using the crushed rice husk 41 as a base material has been described above, instead of the rice husk 41 (or together with the rice husk 41), the crushed rice straw or wheat straw (hereinafter referred to as “rice straw” and “wheat straw” is simply referred to as “rice straw”). Can also be used as a substrate. When producing a culture medium using this cocoon as a base material, a product obtained by cutting the cocoon into a predetermined length (for example, about 5 mm to 10 mm) is replaced with the rice husk 41 (or together with the rice husk 41), and the production apparatus 1 To the raw material tank 11a. Next, the manufacturing process 60 described above is executed. In this case, in the pellet forming step 65, when the mixed raw material is formed into a pellet by the pellet forming device 16, the soot in the mixed raw material is crushed to an appropriate size by pressure or shearing force.

  For this reason, also in this culture medium, in the same manner as the culture medium 31 using the crushed rice husk 41 as a base material, an appropriate space can be formed in the culture medium filled in the cultivation bottle. In addition to being able to grow sufficiently, the fruiting body can be grown in good condition. In addition, since a large amount of soot is discharged in the country, the amount of soot necessary for the production of this medium can be secured inexpensively and stably and easily. Therefore, even in this culture medium, it is possible to increase the yield of good quality strawberries while realizing a reduction in the cost of the culture medium and stable supply.

  Moreover, although it described above about the example which crushes the rice husk 41 so that it may mainly be in the state of a halving, a halving, and a halving, the crushing state is not limited to this, Arbitrary state (size) ). Moreover, although the rice bran 42, the bean hull 43, the bran 44, and the beet 45 have been described above as an additive, one or more of these, or other additives can be arbitrarily selected depending on the type of the cultivated rice. Can be selected and added. In this case, these media can also be used for cultivation of various agricultural products other than straw.

  Furthermore, although it described above about the example which shape | molded the culture medium 31 in the pellet form, it is not limited to a pellet form, It can shape | mold in shapes, such as a granular form, a tablet form, and flake form, In the culture medium formed in this way, the above-mentioned The same effect can be realized. Further, a product obtained by sterilizing the mixed raw material, that is, a product produced by saving the above-described pellet forming step 65 can be used as a product culture medium. In this case, by crushing the rice husk 41 prior to charging into the raw material tank 11a or mixing with the additive, it is possible to increase the yield of good quality rice cake while realizing cost reduction and stable supply. A medium can be provided.

1 is a configuration diagram showing a configuration of a manufacturing apparatus 1. FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a manufacturing process 60. It is a side view of rice husk 41. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the state by which the coffin 51 (chaff 41) is crushed. FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a state in which a part of a packaging bag 101 filled with a culture medium 31 is cut away. 4 is a perspective view of a state in which a part of the flexible container 102 filled with the culture medium 31 is cut away. FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Manufacturing apparatus 31 Medium 41 Rice husk 42 Rice bran 43 Bean hull 44 Bran 45 Beet 51 Rice cake 51a Outer rice cake 51b Inner rice cake

Claims (4)

A culture medium containing a substrate and an additive added to the substrate,
The culture medium for cultivation in which the substrate comprises at least one of crushed rice husk and crushed straw. The base material is configured to include the rice husk,
The cultivation medium according to claim 1, wherein the rice husk is crushed so that an outer shell and an inner shell constituting the rice husk are mainly divided into two, three or four.   The cultivation medium according to claim 1 or 2, comprising at least one kind of rice bran, bean hull, bran and beet as the additive.   The cultivation medium according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cultivation medium is formed into any one of pellets, granules, tablets, and flakes.

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