JP2007104960A - Plant cultivation method and apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a plant cultivation method and apparatus by which charge of necessary nourishment for plant growth is greatly reduced though being hydroponics. <P>SOLUTION: This plant cultivation method is such that a cultivation container 110 holds a plant P, a culture solution 120, a retaining material 130 and a translucent film 140, the culture solution 120 is an aqueous solution which contains nourishment for the plant P to be cultivated, and nourishment passing through the translucent film 140 is supplied to the rooting zone of the plant P buried in the retaining material 130. The nourishment concentration of the culture solution 120 can be controlled through modifying the culture solution 120, replenishing nourishment to the culture solution 120, or stopping replenishment of nourishment to the culture solution 120, or combining the manners. The retaining material 130 has function of retaining the stem of the plant P to keep stability of the plant P and containing water to prevent dryness of the plant P. The translucent film 140 faces the culture solution 120 and the retaining material 130, and selectively transmits specific nourishment in the culture solution 120. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a plant cultivation method and a plant cultivation apparatus.

  In recent years, institutional cultivation for cultivating plants in greenhouses or houses covered with glass or vinyl film has been actively performed. In greenhouse cultivation, plants can be stably cultivated because they are less susceptible to natural conditions (eg, temperature, moisture, wind, etc.) than traditional alley cultivation.

  In particular, hydroponics is a method of cultivating a plant using an aqueous solution in which nutrients necessary for plant growth are dissolved without using any soil, and it is easy to manage nutrient input and moisture, Recently, it has been used in institutional farming and cultivation of horticultural crops. Compared with soil-based cultivation, hydroponic cultivation is relatively easy to adjust the cultivation environment as described above, and there are no continuous cropping obstacles. There is an advantage that there are many.

  As an example of a plant cultivation method using hydroponics, for example, there is one described in Patent Document 1.

In the plant cultivation method described in Patent Document 1, a film that can be substantially integrated with the roots of a plant on a part of a device having a shape capable of accommodating the plant to be cultivated, specifically, moisture permeability / ion permeability. A film having a balance of the above is arranged, and water containing a fertilizer component is brought into contact with the plant through the film, so that both oxygen supply to the root and water and fertilizer component supply are suitably performed. .
JP 2005-102508 A

  However, in the conventional hydroponics method, the development of root hair that plays an important role in the acquisition of plant nutrients is very inferior to the plant cultivation method using soil. Therefore, the nutrient acquisition efficiency of plants is low, and a large amount of nutrient input is required. As a result, the cost required for cultivation tends to increase. Such a problem also applies to the plant cultivation method described in Patent Document 1, which lacks the idea of root hair control and is the same as the normal hydroponics method as far as root hair development is concerned.

  This invention is made | formed in view of this point, and provides the plant cultivation method and plant cultivation apparatus which can reduce significantly the input of the nutrient required for the growth of a plant, although it is hydroponics. For the purpose.

  The plant cultivation method of the present invention is a plant cultivation method for cultivating a plant by supplying a culture solution containing nutrients of the plant to be cultivated to the rhizosphere of the cultivated plant, and selecting the nutrients contained in the culture solution The amount of nutrients supplied to the rhizosphere of the cultivated plant was controlled by using a semipermeable membrane that penetrates the cultivated plant to promote the development of root hair of the cultivated plant.

  The plant cultivation apparatus of the present invention selectively selects a cultivation container that contains a plant to be cultivated, a culture solution containing nutrients of the cultivated plant, a retaining material that retains the cultivated plant, and nutrients contained in the culture solution. And the cultivated plant is separated from the culture solution via the semipermeable membrane, and supplied to the rhizosphere of the cultivated plant using the semipermeable membrane. The structure which controls the quantity of a nutrient and promotes the development of the root hair of the said cultivated plant is taken.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the input of the nutrient required for plant growth can be reduced significantly, although it is hydroponics.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  The present inventor has found that in order to reduce the input amount of nutrients in hydroponics, it is necessary to improve the nutrient acquisition efficiency by controlling the root hair of the cultivated plant. Moreover, in order to control the root hair of a cultivated plant and improve nutrient acquisition efficiency, it discovered that it was necessary to control the quantity of the nutrient supplied to the rhizosphere of a cultivated plant. Furthermore, for that purpose, it discovered that it was necessary to restrict | limit the quantity of the nutrient supplied to the rhizosphere of a cultivated plant after the seedling of a fixed period.

  The present invention controls the amount of nutrients supplied to the rhizosphere of a cultivated plant using a semipermeable membrane that selectively permeates the nutrients of the culture solution of the plant to be cultivated, and promotes the development of the root hair of the cultivated plant It is something to be made.

  First, the principle of the present invention will be described.

  The plant's nutrient acquisition organs are root hairs (root hairs are not only nutrients but also water-absorbing organs). When plants fall into an oligotrophic state at the seedling stage, they promote their own root hair development and increase their nutrients. Has the property of trying to ingest. Therefore, in order to promote the development of root hairs, it is effective to limit the amount of nutrients supplied to the plant rhizosphere. However, on the other hand, plants in the seedling stage have a very low tolerance in an oligotrophic state, and therefore there is a risk of always dying in an oligotrophic state. Therefore, in the present invention, the development of root hairs is remarkably increased by accurately controlling the amount of nutrients supplied to the rhizosphere of the cultivated plant. If root hair develops (increases), the surface area of the root increases, which contributes greatly to the acquisition of nutrients and water, thus improving the nutrient acquisition efficiency.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overall configuration of a plant cultivation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

  A plant cultivation apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 1 includes a cultivation container 110, a culture solution 120, a retaining material 130, a semipermeable membrane 140, and a clip 150. In this plant cultivation apparatus 100, a plant retaining material 130 is placed on a semipermeable membrane 140 processed into a sheet shape, and seedlings or seeds are placed. In this specification, this type of plant cultivation apparatus 100 is referred to as a “tray type”. The tray type plant cultivation apparatus 100 is suitable for cultivation of plants in which the roots grow in a lateral direction.

  The cultivation container 110 accommodates the plant P, the culture solution 120, the retaining material 130, and the semipermeable membrane 140. In a state where these are accommodated, the culture solution 120 is disposed below the semipermeable membrane 140, and the plant P and the retaining material 130 are disposed above the semipermeable membrane 140. That is, the seeds or seedlings of the plant P are transplanted on the semipermeable membrane 140. For this reason, in the plant cultivation apparatus 100, the site | part in which the plant P exists is cut away from the culture solution 120. As long as the material of the cultivation container 110 is a material which can prevent the leakage of the culture solution 120, what kind of thing may be sufficient as it.

  The culture solution 120 is an aqueous solution containing nutrients of the plant P to be cultivated, and the nutrients that have permeated the semipermeable membrane 140 are supplied to the rhizosphere of the plant P embedded in the retaining material 130. The components of the culture solution 120 are set according to the plant P to be cultivated, and the concentration thereof is, for example, about 4 to 5 times the concentration of a standard culture solution (see FIG. 2) used for general hydroponics. It is preferable that Moreover, since the culture solution 120 is not in direct contact with the plant P, it can be easily modified. Furthermore, even when the plant P absorbs nutrients from the culture solution 120 and the nutrient concentration decreases, the concentration can be easily maintained at a predetermined value by supplementing the culture solution 120 with nutrients.

  In this invention, since the usage-amount of the culture solution 120 can be overwhelmingly smaller than normal hydroponics (for example, about 1/10), as a whole, the nutrient ( (Nutrient) and water consumption can be saved. In addition, the use of the culture solution 120 having a higher concentration than that of a general hydroponics culture solution requires that the plant P is not in direct contact with the culture solution 120 as described above, but through the semipermeable membrane 140. Because there is.

  The retaining material 130 retains the stem of the plant P to maintain the stability of the plant P, and has a function of containing moisture to prevent the plant P from drying. Further, oxygen in the air is supplied to the plant P through the retaining material 130. Therefore, as the material of the retaining material 130, it is preferable to use a material that is in a poor nutritional state and has high water retention and high air permeability, such as perlite, vermiculite, or a mixture thereof, or a polymer gel.

  The semipermeable membrane 140 faces the culture solution 120 and the retaining material 130 and selectively permeates specific nutrients in the culture solution 120. The semipermeable membrane 140 has a property of passing low-molecular compounds such as water and inorganic nutrients necessary for the growth of the plant P but not high-molecular compounds such as proteins and polysaccharides. The property of permeating soluble low molecular weight compounds is convenient for the growth of the plant P. By cultivating using the semipermeable membrane 140, the nutrients and moisture in the culture solution 120 permeate the semipermeable membrane 140. Osmose | permeates the retaining material 130 side with the plant P. As a material of the semipermeable membrane 140, for example, various materials such as a cellulose membrane, a cellophane membrane, and a collodion membrane can be used, but the suitability varies depending on the composition of the plant P or the culture solution 120 to be cultivated. The semipermeable membrane 140 is processed into a sheet shape as described above, and has substantially the same shape as the opening of the cultivation container 110.

  Here, although nutrients are supplied to the plant P through the semipermeable membrane 140, it is important that the root of the plant P is not immersed in the culture solution 120. This is because, in this state, the ability to control nutrients supplied to the roots is increased, and a shortage of oxygen supply to the plant P due to the roots being immersed in the culture solution 120 does not occur.

  The clip 150 has a function of fixing the retaining material 130 and the semipermeable membrane 140 to the cultivation container 110.

  Next, a procedure for cultivating a plant using the plant cultivation apparatus 100 having the above-described configuration will be described with reference to a work process diagram of FIG.

  First, in step S1000, the plant cultivation apparatus 100 is set. Specifically, after injecting the culture solution 120 into the cultivation container 110, the semipermeable membrane 140 and the retaining material 130 are sequentially arranged.

  In step S1100, seeds of the plant P to be cultivated are seeded. Specifically, first, the surface of the seed of the plant P to be cultivated is washed and sterilized. Cleaning and sterilization is preferably performed carefully using, for example, ethanol. Next, the washed and sterilized seed is immersed in water or an aqueous solution in which nutrients are dissolved to germinate. Next, the germinated seeds are buried in the retaining material 130.

  The germination treatment is not necessarily a necessary operation, and the washed and sterilized seeds may be directly buried in the retaining material 130.

  In step S1200, the sown seed is cultivated while controlling the concentration of the culture solution 120.

  Here, the basic pattern for controlling the nutrient concentration of the culture solution 120 will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 (A) to 4 (C).

  4A shows an example of a basic pattern for controlling the nutrient concentration of the culture solution, FIG. 4B shows another example of the basic pattern for controlling the nutrient concentration of the culture solution, and FIG. (C) is a figure which shows the further another example of the basic pattern which controls the nutrient concentration of a culture solution.

  Since the plant P grows by absorbing nutrients from the culture solution 120 during the cultivation period, the nutrient concentration of the culture solution 120 decreases with time (see FIG. 4A). Therefore, in order to maintain the nutrient concentration of the culture solution 120 at a predetermined value, it is necessary to continuously replenish the nutrient solution to the culture solution 120 (see FIG. 4B). Furthermore, in order to significantly change the nutrient concentration of the culture solution 120, it is necessary to modify the culture solution 120 itself (see FIG. 4C). The culture medium 120 is modified by adjusting the components of the culture medium in situ or by replacing the culture medium with the components already adjusted. That is, the basic control pattern of FIG. 4 (A) is a case where no nutrient is replenished, and the basic control pattern of FIG. 4 (B) is a case where nutrient is replenished, and the basic control pattern of FIG. The control pattern is when the culture solution is modified.

  In the present embodiment, by combining the basic control patterns of FIGS. 4A to 4C, for example, the nutrient concentration of the culture solution 120 supplied to the plant P after the start of cultivation and after raising seedlings for a certain period of time. Control to temporarily reduce the.

  FIGS. 5A to 5D are diagrams illustrating examples of the cultivation control method in which the basic control patterns of FIGS. 4A to 4C are combined. In addition, which cultivation control method is adopted is determined according to a use, for example.

  In the cultivation control method of FIG. 5 (A), the culture solution 120 is temporarily changed to another culture solution with a low nutrient concentration after a certain period of seedling raising. Moreover, in the cultivation control method of FIG. 5 (B), supplementation of the nutrient to the culture solution 120 is stopped temporarily after the seedling raising for a fixed period. Moreover, in the cultivation control method of FIG.5 (C), the supplementation of the nutrient to the culture solution 120 is stopped temporarily after the seedling raising for a fixed period, and also after the said stop period progresses, the culture solution temporarily. 120 is modified to another culture medium having a low nutrient concentration. Moreover, in the cultivation control method of FIG.5 (D), after raising the seedling of a fixed period, the culture solution 120 is changed temporarily to the other culture solution with a low nutrient concentration, and also after the said change period progress, Thus, supplementation of nutrients to the culture solution 120 is stopped.

  Here, the concentration of the culture solution 120 during the seedling period is preferably about 4 to 5 times the concentration of the standard culture solution used for general hydroponics, and the concentration of the culture solution 120 with the reduced concentration is generally The concentration is preferably about 1/5 to 1/10 times the standard culture solution used for hydroponics.

  Moreover, the said fixed period changes with plants. For example, in the case of tomato, the certain period is about 2 to 3 weeks.

  In addition, control of the density | concentration of the culture solution 120 is achieved also by increasing / decreasing the quantity of the culture solution 120 in the cultivation container 110, or increasing / decreasing the frequency | count of replacement | exchange of the culture solution 120. FIG.

  Further, the method for modifying the culture solution is not limited to lowering the nutrient concentration of the culture solution as described above, and if it is necessary to increase the nutrient concentration of the culture solution 120, the culture solution It is also possible to modify 120 to another culture solution with a high nutrient concentration.

  Here, the modification of the plant cultivation apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 1 is demonstrated.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a modification of the plant cultivation apparatus 100 shown in FIG. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected about the same component as the plant cultivation apparatus 100 in FIG. 1, and the description is abbreviate | omitted.

  A plant cultivation apparatus 200 shown in FIG. 6 includes a weight 230, a fixing member 240, and a holding member 250 in addition to the cultivation container 210, the culture solution 120, the retaining material 130, and the semipermeable membrane 220. In this plant cultivation apparatus 200, a plant retaining material 130 and seedlings or seeds are installed in a semipermeable membrane 220 processed into a tube shape, and a weight 230 is attached. In this specification, this type of plant cultivation apparatus 200 is referred to as a “tube type”. The tube-type plant cultivation apparatus 200 is suitable for cultivation of plants whose roots grow mainly in the vertical direction.

  The cultivation container 210 contains the plant P, the culture solution 120, the retaining material 130, the semipermeable membrane 220, the weight 230, the fixing member 240, and the holding member 250. In a state in which these are accommodated, the culture solution 120 is disposed outside the semipermeable membrane 220, and the plant P and the retaining material 130 are disposed inside the semipermeable membrane 220. That is, the seeds or seedlings of the plant P are transplanted on the semipermeable membrane 220. For this reason, also in the plant cultivation apparatus 200, the site | part in which the plant P exists is cut away from the culture solution 120. As long as the material of the cultivation container 210 is a material which can prevent the leakage of the culture solution 120, what kind of thing may be sufficient as it.

  The semipermeable membrane 220 floats in the culture solution 120 in a state where the retaining material 130 is accommodated, and selectively permeates specific nutrients in the culture solution 120. The properties and materials of the semipermeable membrane 220 are the same as those of the semipermeable membrane 140.

  The weight 230 has a function of stabilizing the orientation of the retaining material 130 and the semipermeable membrane 220. The material of the weight 230 may be any material as long as it sinks into the culture solution 120. For example, stone is used.

  The fixing member 240 has a function of fixing the semipermeable membrane 220 and preventing the shape of the semipermeable membrane 220 from being broken in the culture solution 120. As a material of the fixing member 240, for example, plastic is used.

  The holding member 250 is closely fixed to the wall surface of the cultivation container 210 and has a function of giving the retaining material 130 and the semipermeable membrane 220 buoyancy for floating in the culture solution 120 by holding the fixing member 240.

  Also with the configuration of the plant cultivation apparatus 200, the concentration of the culture solution 120, which is a feature of the present invention, can be controlled, so that plant cultivation that promotes root hair growth can be realized.

  Thus, in this Embodiment, since the quantity of the nutrient supplied to the rhizosphere of a plant can be controlled, applying to cultivation of various plants can be considered.

  Hereinafter, the cultivation control method according to use in this Embodiment is concretely demonstrated using FIGS.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between time and nutrient concentration when cultivating a standard crop. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a relationship between time and nutrient concentration when nutrients are accumulated and cultivated before harvesting. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the relationship between time and nutrient concentration when cultivating by reducing the nitric acid concentration in the plant. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship between time and nutrient concentration when a plant is purified by introducing it into waste liquid or sewage sludge. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the relationship between time and nutrients when producing a useful substance by inducing phosphorus deficiency.

(Standard crop cultivation)
For standard crops (for example, vegetables, flower buds, etc.), the culture solution is appropriately replaced, or nutrients absorbed by the crop are supplied to the culture solution. That is, cultivation is performed while maintaining the nutrient concentration supplied to the crop at a predetermined value (see FIG. 7).

(Cultivation to accumulate nutrients before harvesting)
In order to accumulate protein in legumes of leguminous crops, if a large amount of nitrogen is absorbed, after raising seedlings for a certain period, temporarily increase the amount of root hair by lowering the nutrient concentration of the culture solution, Then, the nutrient concentration of the culture solution is increased and cultivated (see FIG. 8).

(Reduction of nitrate concentration in plants)
It has been pointed out that leafy vegetables (for example, spinach and cabbage) have a high concentration of nitric acid accumulated in plants, which may cause health damage. Therefore, in order to reduce the concentration of nitric acid, the nitrate is removed from the culture medium and replaced with ammonium salt for a certain period before harvesting, thereby suppressing the absorption of nitric acid in the plant body (see FIG. 9).

(Water quality improvement)
Through further research, the present inventor has found a phenomenon in which the activity of acid phosphatase is high in the root hairs of plants. Accordingly, it has been found that the activity of acid phosphatase can be further improved by promoting the development of plant root hairs.

  Root secretory acid phosphatase has the property of degrading organic phosphates into inorganic phosphates. Therefore, the plant that promoted the development of root hair according to the present invention is introduced into waste liquid containing organic phosphoric acid or sewage sludge, etc., and organic phosphoric acid is decomposed into inorganic phosphoric acid, and the inorganic phosphoric acid is absorbed into the plant. As a result, the plant is ingested with nutrients and the waste liquid and sewage sludge are purified (see FIG. 10).

(Production of useful substances by inducing phosphorus deficiency)
By gene recombination, a plant in which a promoter induced by phosphorus deficiency is linked upstream of a useful substance-producing gene is produced, and a large amount of useful substance produced by the gene is produced. Specifically, after cultivating at a standard culture solution concentration for a certain period of time, by changing to a culture solution with reduced phosphorus, gene expression is induced to produce a useful substance. In this application, since closed cultivation is possible, it is possible to prevent the spread of the recombinant gene (see FIG. 11).

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, hydroponics is performed in order to promote the development of the root hair of the plant by performing control to temporarily reduce the nutrient content of the culture solution supplied to the plant after raising the seedling for a certain period. However, the amount of nutrients required for plant growth can be greatly reduced.

  In addition to the above uses, the present invention can also be applied to the cultivation of high value-added plants (producing useful substances and medicinal ingredients) and plants whose value is increased by genetic recombination or virus infection. That is, application to plant production and production of useful substances and medicinal components accompanying plant production is expected.

  The inventor conducted detailed experiments in order to demonstrate the effects of the present invention. Below, the experimental result is demonstrated. In addition, this invention is limited to a following example and is not interpreted.

The experimental instruments used in the following examples are as follows unless otherwise specified.
<Cultivated plant>
Lupine (Lupinus albusL. Cv. Kievskij Mutant), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv. Momotarou (variety: Momotaro))
<Cultivation container used for tray type cultivation device>
Polypropylene 4 liter vat <Cultivation container used for tube type cultivation equipment>
Polypropylene bucket, 13 liter <culture medium>
Culture solution 5 times the concentration of the culture solution shown in FIG. 2 <Semipermeable membrane used in tray type cultivation apparatus>
Polyvinyl alcohol film # 2500 manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry <Semipermeable membrane used in tube-type cultivation equipment>
Dialysis Membrane (Cellulosic dialysis tube, molecular size cut off: 12000-14000, thickness: 0.0203 nm, average pore size: 2.5 nm) Wako Pure Chemicals <Perlite>
Nenisanso Mitsui Mining & Mining <Vermiculite>
Vermiculite Showa Vermiculite Co., Ltd. <Optical Microscope>
BH-2 Olympus <embedding material>
OCT compound
<Non-fluorescent glass slide>
Histobond (MarienfeldGmbH, Lauda-konigshofen, Germany)
<Cooler>
Cicrom HM500M; MicromInternational GmbH, Walldorf, Germany
<Substrate solution>
75 mM Tris-Malate buffer (pH 4.3)
<Filter>
Excitation 360 nm, emission 450 nm
<Fluorescence microscope>
Axiovert 200M; Carl Zeiss; Oberkochen, Gemany

In the following Examples, the following processes were performed as a seeding process before cultivation. The “cultivation period” refers to a period that has elapsed since the seeds after the sowing treatment were buried in the retaining material.
<Loopin sowing treatment>
The surface of the lupine seed was washed with 70% ethanol and then sterilized with hypochlorous acid diluted 5-fold. The sterilized seeds were immersed in tap water that continued to flow gently (48 hours), and a germination treatment was performed.
<Seeding process of tomato>
The surface of the tomato seeds was washed with 70% ethanol and tap water.

  Moreover, when culture | cultivating with a tray type cultivation apparatus, in order to prevent drying of a retaining material, the vinyl sheet | seat for a cut | notched cut was covered on the part which a seedling grows on the retaining material. Moreover, the water | moisture content of the retaining material was replenished using the spray until the root reached the semipermeable membrane and a sufficient amount of moisture could be obtained from the semipermeable membrane. In particular, during tomato cultivation, Saran wrap (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Co., Ltd.) was placed on the retaining material so as to cover the entire tray-type cultivation apparatus in order to keep the humidity of the seed until germination and to protect it from drying. At this time, a space in which a seedling of about 3 to 5 cm can grow was formed between the Saran wrap and the retaining material.

Example 1
In Example 1, the root hair of lupine cultivated with a tube-type cultivation apparatus was compared with the root hair of lupine cultivated by normal hydroponics, and the difference in root hair formation was observed.

  Specifically, first, a lupine cultivated for 10 days with a tube-type cultivation apparatus was taken out without damaging the root, washed with demineralized water, and then the root and the above-ground part were separated. Then, the weight of the root and the weight of the above-ground part were measured, respectively, and the ratio of the weight of the root to the weight of the above-ground part (root weight / weight of the above-ground part) was obtained. In this example, an experiment was conducted for each of cases where cultivation was performed using a (+ P) culture solution containing phosphorus and a (−P) culture solution not containing phosphorus.

  FIG. 12 shows a comparison between the lupine (root weight / ground weight) grown in hydroponics and the lupine (root weight / ground weight) cultivated in Example 1. FIG.

  From FIG. 12, it can be seen that the lupine cultivated in this example has a relatively large root weight as compared with the lupine cultivated by hydroponics. Moreover, about the lupine cultivated in the present Example, the direction of cultivation with a culture solution containing phosphorus (+ P) and the direction of cultivation with a culture solution without phosphorus (-P) are relatively heavy. Can be seen to be large.

  Separated roots were immersed in 80% ethanol and stored at 4 ° C. (several hours to several days). The stored roots were stained by immersion in 0.05% aqueous methylene blue (5 minutes) and washed with tap water. The stained roots were observed with an optical microscope.

  FIG. 13A is an optical micrograph (× 50) showing the roots of lupine cultivated by hydroponics, and FIG. 13B is an optical micrograph showing the roots of lupine cultivated in Example 1 ( × 50).

  From FIG. 13 (A) and FIG. 13 (B), it can be seen that the lupine cultivated in this example has significantly accelerated root hair development as compared with the lupine cultivated by hydroponics.

(Example 2)
In Example 2, tomato was cultivated with a tube-type cultivation apparatus, and the tomato and tomato roots were observed. The cultivation period was 10 days, and the retaining material used was a mixture of pearlite and vermiculite at a ratio of 1: 1.

  FIG. 14 (A) is a photograph showing the tomatoes cultivated in Example 2. FIG. 14B is a photograph showing the state of the tomato root of FIG.

  From FIG. 14 (A) and FIG. 14 (B), it can be seen that, despite the cultivation period being 10 days, the development of root hairs is promoted and the tomatoes are growing smoothly.

(Example 3)
In Example 3, lupine was cultivated with a tube-type cultivation device, and lupine and lupine roots were observed. The cultivation period was 10 days, and the retaining material used was a mixture of pearlite and vermiculite at a ratio of 1: 1.

  FIG. 15A is a photograph showing the lupine cultivated in Example 3. FIG. 15B is a photograph showing the state of the root of the lupine in FIG.

  From FIG. 15 (A) and FIG. 15 (B), it can be seen that, even though the cultivation period is 10 days, the development of root hair is promoted, and the lupine is growing smoothly.

Example 4
In Example 4, the tomato was grown and observed with a tray type cultivation apparatus. The cultivation period was 33 days, and perlite was used as the retaining material.

  FIG. 16 is a photograph showing tomatoes grown in Example 4.

  From FIG. 16, it can be seen that the cultivation period is 33 days and the tomatoes are growing more smoothly.

(Example 5)
In Example 5, the tomato was grown and observed with a tray type cultivation apparatus. The cultivation period was 37 days, and perlite was used as the retaining material. In this example, the experiment was conducted using a culture solution in which the concentration of the culture solution shown in FIG. 2 was adjusted to 0.2, 1, and 5 times, respectively.

  FIG. 17A is a photograph showing tomatoes grown in a culture solution having a concentration 0.2 times that of the culture solution shown in FIG. FIG. 17 (B) is a photograph showing tomatoes grown in a culture solution having a concentration one time that of the culture solution shown in FIG. FIG. 17C is a photograph showing tomatoes grown in a culture solution having a concentration five times that of the culture solution shown in FIG.

  From FIG. 17 (A)-FIG. 17 (C), in this invention, if it is the range of the culture solution concentration within 0.2-5 times the composition of the culture solution used for general hydroponics, a density | concentration will be. It was found that the tomato grows better as it is cultivated in a higher culture solution.

(Example 6)
In Example 6, acid phosphatase activity dyeing was performed using a tertiary root of lupine cultivated in a phosphorus-deficient state for 3 weeks in hydroponics, and compared with the autofluorescence of the plant, thereby acid phosphatase in the root hair part. The activity of was observed.

  Specifically, first, the moisture of the lupine after cultivation was removed with a paper towel, and the tertiary root of the lupine was cooled to −20 ° C. using an embedding material and embedded. Next, the embedded tertiary root was cut into a thickness of 50 μm using a cooler. The cut root section was placed on a non-fluorescent glass slide.

  In addition, activity staining was performed using ELF97 phosphate (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA). 1 mL ELF97 phosphate was diluted with a substrate solution to 25 μM. Next, the diluted substrate solution was dropped on a 30-50 μL section and placed in the dark for 10-20 minutes. Next, incubation was carried out, the substrate solution was removed with a pipette, and an unreacted substrate was washed away by repeating the removal of an equal amount of the substrate solution dropwise three times. As a negative control, the same operation was performed using a section in which the substrate solution was dropped instead of the substrate solution.

  Then, 50 μL of the substrate solution is dropped on the washed section, and then a cover glass is applied. The sample is examined using a fluorescence microscope containing a filter, and the generated ELF97 degradation product is visualized by phosphatase activity. Activity was detected.

  FIG. 18 (A) is a photomicrograph (× 200) showing the activity of acid phosphatase in the roots of lupine cultivated in Example 6. FIG. 18B is a photomicrograph (× 200) showing autofluorescence at the root of the lupine. FIG. 18 (C) is a photomicrograph (× 200) showing the activity of acid phosphatase in the cross section of the lupine root of FIG. 18 (A). FIG. 18D is a photomicrograph (× 200) showing autofluorescence in the cross section of the root of the lupine in FIG. In addition, the activity of acid phosphatase is shown by green fluorescence.

  18A to 18D show that the roots of lupine cultivated in a phosphorus-deficient state have higher activity of acid phosphatase than the roots of normal lupine. Moreover, although the activity of acid phosphatase itself exists in the whole root, it turns out that it has very high activity with a root hair.

  The plant cultivation method and plant cultivation apparatus according to the present invention have the effect of significantly reducing the amount of nutrients required for plant growth while being hydroponically cultivated. Useful as.

The figure which shows the whole structure of the plant cultivation apparatus which concerns on one embodiment of this invention. The figure which shows the composition of the culture solution used for general hydroponics The work process figure which shows the cultivation procedure of the plant which concerns on one embodiment of this invention (A) The figure which shows an example of the basic pattern which controls the nutrient concentration of a culture solution, (B) The figure which shows another example of the basic pattern which controls the nutrient concentration of a culture solution, (C) The nutrient concentration of a culture solution is controlled Showing another example of the basic pattern (A) The figure which shows an example of the cultivation which controlled the density | concentration of the culture solution, (B) The figure which shows another example of the cultivation which controlled the density | concentration of the culture solution, (C) Other of the cultivation which controlled the density | concentration of the culture solution The figure which shows an example, (D) The figure which shows another example of cultivation which controlled the density | concentration of the culture solution The figure which shows the whole structure of the modification of the plant cultivation apparatus of this invention. Diagram showing the relationship between time and nutrient concentration when cultivating standard crops Diagram showing the relationship between time and nutrient concentration when nutrients are accumulated and harvested before harvesting The figure which shows the relationship between the time and the concentration of nutrients in the case of cultivating with decreasing nitrate concentration in plants Diagram showing the relationship between time and nutrient concentration when a plant is purified by introducing it into waste liquid or sewage sludge Diagram showing the relationship between time and nutrients when producing useful substances by inducing phosphorus deficiency The figure which shows the comparison with (the weight of a root / the weight of an above-ground part) of the lupine cultivated by hydroponics, and the (the weight of a root / the weight of an above-ground part) of the lupine cultivated in Example 1 (A) Optical micrograph showing the roots of lupine cultivated by hydroponics, (B) Optical micrograph showing the roots of lupine cultivated in Example 1 (A) A photograph showing the tomatoes grown in Example 2, (B) A photograph showing the state of the tomato roots in FIG. (A) Photograph showing the lupine cultivated in Example 3, (B) Photograph showing the state of the root of the lupine in FIG. 15 (A) Photo showing the tomatoes grown in Example 4 (A) A photograph showing tomatoes grown in a culture solution having a concentration 0.2 times that of the culture solution shown in FIG. 2 in Example 5, and (B) having a concentration one time that of the culture solution shown in FIG. A photograph showing tomatoes grown in a culture solution, (C) A photograph showing tomatoes grown in a culture solution having a concentration five times that of the culture solution shown in FIG. (A) Micrograph showing the activity of acid phosphatase in the root of lupine cultivated in Example 6, (B) Micrograph showing autofluorescence in the root of lupine, (C) Cross section of lupine root in FIG. 18 (A) Photomicrograph showing the activity of acid phosphatase in, (D) Microphotograph showing autofluorescence in the cross section of the root of lupine in FIG. 18 (B)

Explanation of symbols

100, 200 Plant cultivation device 110, 210 Cultivation container 120 Culture solution 130 Retaining material 140, 220 Semipermeable membrane 150 Clip 230 Weight 240 Fixing member 250 Holding member P Plant

Claims (9)

A plant cultivation method for cultivating a plant by supplying a culture solution containing nutrients of the plant to be cultivated to the rhizosphere of the cultivated plant,
Plant cultivation in which the amount of nutrients supplied to the rhizosphere of the cultivated plant is controlled using a semipermeable membrane that selectively permeates nutrients contained in the culture solution to promote the development of root hair of the cultivated plant Method.   The plant cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient supply amount to the rhizosphere of the cultivated plant is controlled by modifying the culture solution.   Control of nutrient supply to the rhizosphere of the cultivated plant is performed by modifying the culture solution, supplementing the culture solution with nutrients, stopping supplementation of nutrients to the culture solution, or a combination thereof. The plant cultivation method according to claim 1.   Control of nutrient supply to the rhizosphere of the cultivated plant is limited to the amount of nutrient supplied to the rhizosphere of the cultivated plant through the semipermeable membrane by modifying the culture solution after raising seedlings for a certain period of time. The plant cultivation method of Claim 1 performed by.   The plant cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the culture solution is a waste solution containing organic phosphoric acid or sewage sludge.   A plant cultivated by the plant cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5. A cultivation container for accommodating the plant to be cultivated;
A culture solution containing nutrients of the cultivated plant;
A retaining material for retaining the cultivated plant;
A semipermeable membrane that selectively permeates nutrients contained in the culture solution,
The cultivated plant is separated from the culture solution through the semipermeable membrane,
Control the amount of nutrients supplied to the rhizosphere of the cultivated plant using the semipermeable membrane to promote the development of root hair of the cultivated plant,
Plant cultivation equipment. The semipermeable membrane is in the form of a sheet,
The retaining material and the cultivated plant are disposed on the semipermeable membrane,
The plant cultivation apparatus according to claim 7. The semipermeable membrane is tubular,
The retaining material and the cultivated plant are disposed in the semipermeable membrane,
The plant cultivation apparatus according to claim 7.