JP2006525093A - 生体材料用途のための熱ゲル化ポリマーブレンド - Google Patents
生体材料用途のための熱ゲル化ポリマーブレンド Download PDFInfo
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- JP2006525093A JP2006525093A JP2006514161A JP2006514161A JP2006525093A JP 2006525093 A JP2006525093 A JP 2006525093A JP 2006514161 A JP2006514161 A JP 2006514161A JP 2006514161 A JP2006514161 A JP 2006514161A JP 2006525093 A JP2006525093 A JP 2006525093A
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- hydrogel
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- A61L2430/00—Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration
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- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
本特許出願は、2003年4月30日に出願された米国仮特許出願第60/466,819号(これは、その全体が参照により本明細書に援用される)の利点を主張するものである。
ヒドロゲルは、主に親水性のホモポリマー又はコポリマーから構成される三次元水膨潤性構造物である。例えば、ロウマン、エイ.エム及びペッパス、エヌ.エイ(Lowman,A.M. and Peppas,N.A.)による「制御された薬物送達の百科事典」におけるヒドロゲル(Hydrogels, in Encyclopedia of Controlled Drug Delivery)(イー.マチオウィッツ(E. Mathiowitz)著、ジョンウィリーアンドサンズ(John Wiley and Sons)、1999年、397〜418ページ)を参照されたい。これらの材料は、化学的又は物理的架橋の存在に起因して大部分が不溶性である。物理的架橋は、絡み合い、結晶子又は弱い結合(例えば、ファンデルワールス力及び水素結合)であり得る。架橋は、網目構造及び物理的完全性を提供する。ヒドロゲルは、各種生物医学的用途における使用に関して開示されてきた。
現在、哺乳類の選択部位へのヒドロゲルの移植に関して、数種の低侵襲性技法が存在する。通常、哺乳類における選択部位へのヒドロゲルの挿入又は移植には、外科的侵襲性手法が必要とされる。しかしながら、本発明の一実施形態では、針による経皮注入、カニューレによる挿入若しくは注入又は代替的には低侵襲性外科的手法における挿入若しくは注入により、哺乳類における選択部位でのヒドロゲルの挿入を可能とする組成物及び方法が提供される。より詳細には、本発明の一実施形態では、ポリ(N−イソプロピルアクリルアミド)(「PNIPAAm」)と例えばポリ(ビニルアルコール)(PVA)又はポリエチレングリコール(PEG)のような第2のポリマーとの温度感受性ブレンド又はコポリマーを含み、室温(約22℃〜約27℃)以下で粘性液体であり、体温の直下(一般的に、約29℃〜約37℃)で熱転移を受けて固体ヒドロゲルを形成する溶液が、in situでのゲル化ヒドロゲルの生産において有用である。一実施形態では、かかる材料は、哺乳類の選択部位へ液体として注入された後、材料が体温に温められると、体内においてin situで固体へと熱相転移を受けて、各種用途で有用な生体医療用移植片を形成し得る。
本発明は、好ましい実施形態、特徴、特性及び例を参照して記載されるが、本発明は、かかる特定の実施形態、特徴、特性又は例に限定されず、特許請求の範囲により規定されることが理解されるべきである。一実施形態における本発明は、針による真皮を通した注入により、低侵襲性手法により、若しくは外科的手法により、哺乳類における選択部位でのヒドロゲルの挿入を可能にする新規組成物及び方法に関する。より詳細には、ポリ(N−イソプロピルアクリルアミド)(PNIPAAm)と第2のポリマーのポリマーブレンド又はコポリマーは、室温(約20℃〜約27℃)以下で粘性液体であり、生理学的体温(約36℃〜約38℃)未満の温度で熱転移を受けて、固体ヒドロゲルを形成するin situでのゲル化ヒドロゲルの生産に有用であることが見出された。
PNIPAAmは、フリーラジカル溶液重合法により合成した。反応は、60℃で2時間行った。重合後、メタノールを蒸発させて、得られたポリマーを真空オーブン中で一晩乾燥させた。過剰モノマーは、室温で水中に乾燥ポリマーを溶解させた後、50℃に昇温させることにより除去した。続いて、過剰モノマーを含有する水相を廃棄した。未反応の残留モノマーがすべて除去されるまで、このプロセスを繰り返した。
熱ゲル化挙動を提供するポリマー濃度の領域を規定するのを助長するために、スクリーニングの検討を実施した。最初に、5、10及び15%(w/v)のPVA水溶液、並びに15、25、35及び45%(w/v)のPNIPAAm溶液を創出した。1:1、1:5及び1:10の容積比で、PVA溶液とPNIPAAm溶液を併用した。2つの溶液を混合して、室温で混和性溶液を形成した。生理学的温度でのゲル化挙動を表1に示す。続いて、ヒドロゲルの外観を固体(S)、半固体(SS)又は液体(L)に分類した。固体(S)の名称は、固体状態のままである材料に使用され、手持ち式の研究室用スパチュラで圧力(およそ1〜2ポンドの力)をかけた時に液体を押し出さなかった。半固体(SS)の名称は、一部が固体であり、且つ一部が液体である37℃で2相挙動を示す系に使用された。液体(L)の名称は、液体の状態のままであるサンプル、すなわち溶液又はスラリーとして存在したままのサンプルに使用された。
PEG分子量4,600を用いる場合、5、10、25及び50%(w/v)のPEG溶液、並びに25及び35%(w/v)のPNIPAAm溶液を用いて、またPEG分子量8,000を用いる場合、5、10及び25%(w/v)のPEG溶液、並びに25及び25%(w/v)のPNIPAAm溶液を用いて、同様のゲル化スクリーニングを実施した。1:1及び2:1の容積比で、PEG溶液とPNIPAAm溶液を併用した。生理学的温度でのゲル化挙動を表2及び表3に示す。
PNIPAAMグラフト状PEGは、NIPAAM及びPEGモノメタクリレート(PEGMA)の溶液重合により調製した。様々な比のモノマーを用いて、ポリマーを調製した。水中の25、30及び50%(w/v)の溶液を室温で調製した。生理学的温度でのゲル化挙動を表4に示す。
PNIPAAM分岐状PEGは、NIPAAM及びPEGジタクリレート(PEGDMA)の溶液重合により調製した。様々な比のモノマーを用いて、ポリマーを調製した。水中の25、30及び50%(w/v)の溶液を室温で調製した。生理学的温度でのゲル化挙動を表5に示す。
PEG−PNIPAAM−PEGトリブロックは、モノメトキシ末端PEG及び二官能性(COOH末端)PNIPAAmを用いて調製した。3つの分子量(低、中、高)でPNIPAAmを合成した。トリブロックの溶液は、室温で水中に30及び50%(w/v)の濃度で調製した。生理学的温度でのゲル化挙動を表6に示す。
例示的な実施形態では、N−イソプロピルアクリルアミド(NIPAAm)(FW=113.16g/mol)は、ヘキサン中に溶解して、約30分間55℃に加熱することにより精製した。続いて、モノマーが結晶化するまで、溶液を5℃の冷蔵庫中に入れた。次に、モノマーを濾過して、秤用ボートに入れて、真空下で一晩乾燥させて、溶媒を除去した。
50−N荷重セル及び37℃水浴を取り付けたInstron機械的試験システム(Instronモデル4442、マサチューセッツ州カントン)を用いて、シリンダーを圧縮した。サンプルは、ひずみ速度100%/分で圧縮した。InstronシリーズIXソフトウェアを用いて、荷重及び変位のデータを20ポイント/秒で記録した。このデータを、サンプルの初期寸法を用いてマイクロソフトエクセルで応力値及びひずみ値に変換した。各ヒドロゲルサンプルに関するタンジェント圧縮弾性率を15、20及び25%のひずみで算出した。10〜20%、15〜25%、20〜30%の応力/ひずみ曲線の平均勾配は、それぞれ15、20及び25%のひずみでのタンジェント勾配に等しいと仮定した。
拘束圧縮試験は、Instron機械的試験システム(モデル 4442、マサチューセッツ州カントン)に、拘束試験構造用(Configuration)50−N荷重セル及び37℃水浴を取り付けることにより実施した。サンプルは、ひずみ速度100%/分で圧縮した。316ステンレス鋼から構成される円筒形プランジャーは、ゲルが直径11.7mmを有する高密度ポリエチレンリングに拘束された場合に、ゲル上に圧縮された。リングは、その剛性がそれを取り巻くポリマーサンプルの剛性より高い大きさである場合に、効果的に硬質であると仮定された。InstronシリーズIXソフトウェアを用いて、荷重及び変位のデータを20ポイント/秒で記録した。このデータを、サンプルの初期寸法を用いてマイクロソフトエクセルで応力値及びひずみ値に変換した。拘束圧縮弾性率は、初期トーイン領域(0.001MPa未満)を除去した後に、最終的に線形領域における応力−ひずみ応答の勾配として測定した。勾配は、サンプルが確実に拘束されるように、0.15MPaを超える曲線中のデータ点で(荷重セルの荷重限界に到達する直前)で測定した。
非拘束試験は、試験した各ポリマーに関する超弾性応答を示した。非拘束圧縮におけるゲルの典型的な応力/ひずみ応答を図解1に示す。
熱ゲル化ポリマーの、標準的なX線検査下で可視化される能力は、200:1のPNIPAAM枝分かれ状PEGDMAヒドロゲル22重量%、水66重量%及び硫酸バリウム粉末11重量%の溶液を含有するヒドロゲルを調べることにより実証した。硫酸バリウムは、室温で超音波攪拌により分散させた。得られたヒドロゲルを脊椎板に注入した後、標準的なC−Arm X線機器を用いて可視化させた。
ヒト腰部機能的脊柱ユニットの圧縮剛性に対するヒドロゲル核移植片材料(弾性率)及び幾何学的(高さ及び直径)パラメータの変動の影響を検査した。この実施例全体にわたって使用する場合、「前柱ユニット(「ACU」)」という用語は、後方要素(posterior element)を除去した2つの椎骨及び脊椎板から構成される脊柱のセグメントを指す。10%ポリマー混合物を、ポリ(ビニルアルコール)(PVA)(MW=138,400〜146,500)及びポリ(ビニルピロリドン)(PVP)(MW=10,000)のブンレドから調製して、ヒドロゲル移植片を作製した。ブレンドは、PVA95%/PVP5%の組成物を用いて調製した。ポリマー溶液を、3つの異なる直径(D1=15mm、D2=16mm、D3=17mm)の特注の鋳型へ流延した。検体を3つの高さ(H1=H2−1mm、H2、H3=H2+1mm)で調製した。ここでH2は、試験するACUの平均椎間板(「IVD)」の高さである。3つの移植片弾性率を研究し、第1の弾性率(E1=50KPa、15%ひずみにて)、第2の弾性率(E2=150KPa、15%ひずみにて)及び第3のより高い弾性率移植片(E3=1.5MPa、15%ひずみにて)を、市販のポリマー混合物であるSilastic T2(Dow Corning(登録商標))から作製した。
椎間板の圧縮剛性に対する移植片弾性率の影響もまた研究し、10kPa〜100,000kPaの範囲の弾性率の結果を以下の図解5に記載する。10kPa〜100,000kPaのより広範囲は、閉じた枠内の圧縮生体力学を機能的脊椎板の正常な範囲とする一方で、脊椎板の正常な機械的挙動は、10〜5,000kPaの範囲で修復される。したがって、弾性率要件は、10kPa〜10,000kPa、より好ましくは10kPa〜5,000kPaである。
Claims (20)
- ポリ(N−イソプロピルアクリルアミド)と第2のポリマーを含むポリマーブレンドを含む熱ゲル化ヒドロゲルであって、前記ポリマーブレンドは、室温で液体から凝固して、それにより生理学的体温で固体ヒドロゲル移植片を形成する、熱ゲル化ヒドロゲル。
- 前記ポリマーブレンドは、ポリ(N−イソプロピルアクリルアミド)と第2のポリマーの水溶液を含む、請求項1に記載の熱ゲル化ヒドロゲル。
- 前記ポリマーブレンドは、ポリ(N−イソプロプルアクリルアミド)と第2のポリマーの共重合により形成される、請求項1に記載の熱ゲル化ヒドロゲル。
- 前記第2のポリマーは、親水性ポリマーを含む、請求項1に記載の熱ゲル化ヒドロゲル。
- 前記第2のポリマーは、ポリ(エチレングリコール)、ポリ(ビニルピロリドン)及びポリ(ビニルアルコール)から成る群から選択される、請求項2に記載の熱ゲル化ヒドロゲル。
- 前記水溶液は、水、生理食塩水又は緩衝リン酸溶液をさらに含む、請求項2に記載の熱ゲル化ヒドロゲル。
- 前記熱ゲル化ヒドロゲルは、最大約70重量%の前記ポリマーブレンドを含む、請求項1に記載の熱ゲル化ヒドロゲル。
- 前記ポリマーブレンドは、約25重量%〜約35重量%のポリ(N−イソプロピルアクリルアミド)を含む、請求項1に記載の熱ゲル化ヒドロゲル。
- 前記ポリマーブレンドは、約5重量%〜約25重量%の前記第2のポリマーを含む、請求項1に記載の熱ゲル化ヒドロゲル。
- 前記熱ゲル化ヒドロゲルは、造影剤をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の熱ゲル化ヒドロゲル。
- 前記造影剤は、硫酸バリウム、ヨウ素及び重金属粉末から成る群から選択される、請求項1に記載の熱ゲル化ヒドロゲル。
- ヒドロゲル溶液を、哺乳類における選択部位へ注入することを含む、熱ゲル化ヒドロゲルを、哺乳類の選択部位へ移植する方法であって、前記ヒドロゲル溶液は、室温で液体として注入され、前記ヒドロゲル溶液が前記哺乳類における前記選択部位にて生理学的体温に温められると、凝固して固体移植片を形成する、移植する方法。
- 前記ヒドロゲル溶液は、ポリ(N−イソプロピルアクリルアミド)と第2のポリマーを含む、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記第2のポリマーは、親水性ポリマーを含む、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記第2のポリマーは、ポリ(エチレングリコール)、ポリ(ビニルピロリドン)及びポリ(ビニルアルコール)から成る群から選択される、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記ヒドロゲル溶液は、約25重量%〜約35重量%の前記ポリ(N−イソプロピルアクリルアミド)を含む、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記ヒドロゲル溶液は、造影剤をさらに含む、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記熱ゲル化ヒドロゲルは、椎間板置換、創傷ケア、軟骨置換、関節置換、外科用バリア又は胃腸デバイスとしての移植、美容及び再建外科、又は豊胸若しくは筋肉増大のための外科的手法において哺乳類へ移植される、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記熱ゲル化ヒドロゲルは、髄核置換のための外科的手法において哺乳類へ移植される、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記熱ゲル化ヒドロゲルは、髄核増強のための外科的手法において哺乳類へ移植される、請求項12に記載の方法。
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- 2004-04-30 ES ES04750971T patent/ES2340587T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-30 CN CN2004800186594A patent/CN1816357B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-04-30 AT AT04750971T patent/ATE464075T1/de active
- 2004-04-30 US US10/837,082 patent/US7708979B2/en active Active
- 2004-04-30 WO PCT/US2004/013343 patent/WO2004098756A2/en active Application Filing
- 2004-04-30 EP EP09000184A patent/EP2060280A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-04-30 CA CA2523556A patent/CA2523556C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-04-30 AU AU2004237779A patent/AU2004237779B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-04-30 DE DE602004026570T patent/DE602004026570D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-30 BR BRPI0409964-8A patent/BRPI0409964A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-04-30 NZ NZ543288A patent/NZ543288A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-04-30 EP EP04750971A patent/EP1626799B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-30 JP JP2006514161A patent/JP4917885B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-04-30 PL PL04750971T patent/PL1626799T3/pl unknown
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JP2011521734A (ja) * | 2008-05-30 | 2011-07-28 | ジンテス ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | バルーン補助による環状修繕装置 |
WO2015004741A1 (ja) * | 2013-07-10 | 2015-01-15 | テルモ株式会社 | 充填材、および充填材の注入状態の確認方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ATE464075T1 (de) | 2010-04-15 |
NZ543288A (en) | 2009-06-26 |
EP1626799B1 (en) | 2010-04-14 |
WO2004098756A2 (en) | 2004-11-18 |
EP2060280A3 (en) | 2009-05-27 |
ES2340587T3 (es) | 2010-06-07 |
WO2004098756A3 (en) | 2006-01-19 |
DE602004026570D1 (de) | 2010-05-27 |
JP4917885B2 (ja) | 2012-04-18 |
US7708979B2 (en) | 2010-05-04 |
CN1816357A (zh) | 2006-08-09 |
CA2523556A1 (en) | 2004-11-18 |
EP2060280A2 (en) | 2009-05-20 |
EP1626799A4 (en) | 2008-02-20 |
EP1626799A2 (en) | 2006-02-22 |
AU2004237779A1 (en) | 2004-11-18 |
CN1816357B (zh) | 2012-11-28 |
US20040220296A1 (en) | 2004-11-04 |
BRPI0409964A (pt) | 2006-04-25 |
PL1626799T3 (pl) | 2010-09-30 |
CA2523556C (en) | 2011-01-11 |
AU2004237779B2 (en) | 2009-06-25 |
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