JP2006517411A - 新規な担持触媒系 - Google Patents
新規な担持触媒系 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2006517411A JP2006517411A JP2006503273A JP2006503273A JP2006517411A JP 2006517411 A JP2006517411 A JP 2006517411A JP 2006503273 A JP2006503273 A JP 2006503273A JP 2006503273 A JP2006503273 A JP 2006503273A JP 2006517411 A JP2006517411 A JP 2006517411A
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- catalyst system
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 168
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 75
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- TUPFOYXHAYOHIB-YCAIQWGJSA-M sodium;(2s,5r,6r)-6-[[(2r)-2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazine-1-carbonyl)amino]-2-phenylacetyl]amino]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylate;(2s,3s,5r)-3-methyl-4,4,7-trioxo-3-(triazol-1-ylmethyl)-4$l^{6}-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]h Chemical group [Na+].C([C@]1(C)S([C@H]2N(C(C2)=O)[C@H]1C(O)=O)(=O)=O)N1C=CN=N1.O=C1C(=O)N(CC)CCN1C(=O)N[C@H](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H]1C(=O)N2[C@@H](C([O-])=O)C(C)(C)S[C@@H]21 TUPFOYXHAYOHIB-YCAIQWGJSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000446 sulfanediyl group Chemical group *S* 0.000 description 1
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YBBRCQOCSYXUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuryl dichloride Chemical class ClS(Cl)(=O)=O YBBRCQOCSYXUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001973 tert-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- XSROQCDVUIHRSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N thietane Chemical compound C1CSC1 XSROQCDVUIHRSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPINPCFOKNNWNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiete Chemical compound C1SC=C1 HPINPCFOKNNWNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007970 thio esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002813 thiocarbonyl group Chemical group *C(*)=S 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CNHYKKNIIGEXAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiolan-2-imine Chemical compound N=C1CCCS1 CNHYKKNIIGEXAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BRNULMACUQOKMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiomorpholine Chemical compound C1CSCCN1 BRNULMACUQOKMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000003585 thioureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003613 toluenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006276 transfer reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QQQSFSZALRVCSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[SiH](OCC)OCC QQQSFSZALRVCSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001226 triphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011178 triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002264 triphosphate group Chemical class [H]OP(=O)(O[H])OP(=O)(O[H])OP(=O)(O[H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002221 trityl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C([*])(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2001年8月14日付けで出願した米国出願連続番号09/929,621(これの内容は引用することによって本明細書に組み入れられる)の一部継続出願である。
ここに、触媒系を構成する担体、特に少なくとも1つの表面に酸性ヒドロキシル基を有する無機酸化物担体が非特異的結合を起こさないか或は起こす度合が低い新規な担持触媒系を開発した。本発明の触媒系の開発は、担体表面が起こす疎水相互作用が最小限になりかつ触媒種が結合している担体領域内の表面電荷がゼロまたは低くなるように担体表面に修飾を受けさせておくと担体が起こす非特異的結合が最小限になるか或は低下することを見いだしたことが基になっている。
発明の詳細な説明
本出願の全体に渡って下記の定義を適用する:
語句「触媒種」を本明細書では自身が消費されることも化学的変化を起こすこともなく化学反応速度に影響を与え得る分子または分子フラグメントのいずれかを示す目的で用いる。
担持触媒系の成分
本明細書の上で考察したように、本発明の担持触媒系は担体、好適には無機物質が基になった担体、最も好適には無機酸化物担体を含んで成り、この担体の少なくとも1つの表面に少なくとも1種のR10基(以下に定義)および少なくとも1種のリンカー(このリンカーは触媒種、例えば酵素などと結合し得るか或は結合している)が位置する。例えば図2を参照。
無機担体
好適な担体材料は、高い表面積を有することで触媒種との結合で高い容量を示す無機材料である。また、そのような無機材料が高圧充填の取り扱いで物理的に強健でありかつ高い流量および高い圧力を取り扱う能力を有するのも好適である。
R10基
触媒種が担体表面に非特異的に直接結合する度合が低いか或は結合しないと言った明確な特性を示すように当該担体に修飾を受けさせる目的で用いるに有用なR10基には、当該担体上にいくらか存在するヒドロキシル基(ヒドロキシル含有基は溶液の状態で実質的に電荷を持たない)に比べて酸性ではない有機基もしくは部分が含まれる。R10基として用いるに適した有機基は、親水性で酸性ではないか或は酸性度が非常に弱い、即ちpKa値が約14以上であると言った共通した特性を有する。そのような有機基が含有する炭素原子の数は好適には約1から約3である。所望生成物をもたらし得る反応体分子が入っている反応混合物を担体と接触させる時に前記担体の表面に少なくとも1種のR10基による修飾を受けさせておくと、電荷相互作用および疎水相互作用が最小限になって双極子相互作用が増加する。
リンカー
リンカーは、担体と触媒種の両方と結合することで当該触媒種を当該担体に接合させる固定基(immobilizing group)として働く低分子量の分子である。従って、適切なリンカーの選択は担体材料および触媒種に依存するであろう。そのようなリンカーは場合により置換されていてもよい二価化学基であってもよい。そのような場合により置換されていてもよい二価化学基はRn基(ここで、nはR基の数であり、少なくとも1の整数、好適には30以下、より好適には15以下である)を含んで成り得る。そのような二価化学基の長さ(触媒種から担体表面まで)は一般に原子数が約1から約30、好適には原子数が約1から約20、より好適には原子数が約5から約15の長さである。
表1−通常のリンカー/結合部分の連成化学の例
リンカーを下記で生じさせた 触媒部分の連成基
臭化シアン(CNBr) アミノ
N−ヒドロキシスクシニミドエステル アミノ
カルボニルジイミダゾール アミノ
還元アミン化 アミノ
FMP活性化* アミノ
EDC介在アミド結合形成** アミノ
有機塩化スルホニル:塩化トシルおよび塩化トレシル アミノ
ジビニルスルホン アミノ
アズラクトン アミノ
シアヌル酸クロライド(トリクロロ−s−トリアジン) アミノ
ヨードアセチルまたはブロモアセチル活性化方法 スルフヒドリル
マレイミド スルフヒドリル
ピリジルジスルフィド スルフヒドリル
ジビニルスルホン スルフヒドリル
エポキシ スルフヒドリル
TNB−チオール*** スルフヒドリル
ヒドラジド カルボニル
還元アミン化 カルボニル
エポキシ(ビスオキシラン) ヒドロキシ
ジビニルスルホン ヒドロキシ
シアヌル酸クロライド ヒドロキシ
ジアゾニウム化合物 活性水素
マンニッヒ縮合 活性水素
* FMPは、トルエン−4−スルホン酸2−フルオロ−1−メチル−ピリジニウムを意味する
** EDCは、1−エチル−3−(3−ジメチルアミノプロピル)カルボジイミドを意味する
*** TNB−チオールは、2−イミノチオラン 5,5−ジチオ−ビス−(2−ニトロ安息香酸)を意味する
触媒種
本発明の触媒系は更に少なくとも1種の触媒種も含んで成り、これを前記担体が有する少なくとも1つの表面に位置させておいたリンカーと結合させる。この触媒種は、自身が消費されることも化学的変化を起こすこともなく化学反応速度に影響を与え得る分子または分子フラグメントのいずれかである。この触媒種は前記リンカーと結合する能力を有するべきである。そのような触媒種には、これらに限定するものでないが、酵素、有機金属錯体、または興味の持たれる反応に触媒作用を及ぼすに適した他の有機種が含まれる。
成分の濃度
R10基の濃度および触媒種の濃度を決定する要因には、これらに限定するものでないが、R10基および触媒種の同定、および担体表面上の反応部位、即ちリンカーの濃度が含まれる。
担持触媒系の調製
本発明の担持触媒系の調製を、一般的には、担体が有する少なくとも1つの表面に少なくとも1種のR10基およびリンカーが直接的または間接的に結合するように前記担体が有する少なくとも1つの表面に修飾を受けさせた後に前記リンカーを反応させることで前記リンカーと結合した触媒種を生じさせることで行う。R10基を担体表面に付加させることと協力させてリンカーを担体表面に付加させる順は多様であり得る。リンカーを結合させた後にR10基を担体表面上に作り出してもよいか或はリンカーを結合させる前にR10基を作り出してもよい。別法として、R10基もしくはリンカーまたは両方の前駆体を作り出しそして/または最初に結合させそして後で反応させて最終的なR10基および/またはリンカーを作り出してもよい。リンカー/R10基の順を決めた時点で、そのリンカーを適切な連成技術を用いて担体表面と化学的に結合させた後、2番目の連成手順を用いて触媒種と結合させる。
通常のシリカ媒体が起こす非特異的結合
これらの実施例では、従来技術の帯電しているシリカ表面(被覆されていないそのまま)が蛋白質を強力に吸着することを主に等電点およびシリカの表面積を基にして示す。2種類のシリカに試験を受けさせた:実施例1および2。
レーン 記述
2,7 Pharmacia 3.6−9.3 Broad pI標準
3,4 実施例1のシリカゲル
5,6 実施例2のシリカゲル
図3は、前記サンプルを実施例1および2のシリカゲル担体に接触させると帯(蛋白質)が失われることを示しており、このことは、その蛋白質がシリカの表面に吸着されたことを意味する。実施例2の高表面積シリカは等電点が5.9より高い時に蛋白質の全部を吸着する一方、実施例1の低表面積シリカが吸着したのはpIが高い方の蛋白質のみであった。このデータは、明らかに、被覆を受けさせていないシリカは主に強力な静電相互作用によって蛋白質と結合することとその表面がそのようなpH(約5.5であると仮定)の時に負に帯電していることを示している。
実施例3−5
疎水性担体が起こす非選択的結合
これらの実施例では、シリカを疎水性基、即ちメチルまたはオクチル基で覆っておくと強力な吸着が起こり、特に溶媒のイオン強度が中程度の時(約0.1MのNaCl)に起こることを示す。
レーン 記述
1,8 標準的蛋白質混合物
2,3 実施例3のシリカ
4,5 実施例4の担体
6,7 実施例5の担体
図4で分かるであろうように、シリカの表面電荷が溶解している塩、即ち0.1MのNaClによって「遮蔽」されることで蛋白質の結合が全く起こらないと同時にメチル基、特にオクチル基の疎水相互作用は極めて強いことから帯の多くが失われてしまった。このデータは、明らかに、表面の組成が疎水性であると非選択的結合がもたらされる可能性があることを明らかに示している。
実施例6−8
R10基を用いて非選択的結合を減少
実施例6−8に、本発明に従うR10基を用いるとシリカ表面が起こす非選択的蛋白質結合が減少すると言った利点を示す。
レーン 記述
1,8 蛋白質混合物標準
2 実施例7高塩
3 実施例8高塩
6 実施例7低塩
7 実施例8低塩
この実験の結果は、明らかに、実施例8の担体は蛋白質帯の全部が存在する点でシリカ表面が非特異的吸着を起こさないようにする能力を有することを示している。
実施例8の特徴付け
実施例8の担体の表面組成を以下に記述する分析で特徴付けた。
実施例9および10
未修飾(実施例9)および修飾を受けた(実施例10)担体表面
2000mlの丸底フラスコにトルエンを850gおよび3−アミノプロピルトリエトキシシランを13.37g加えた。次に、この丸底フラスコにシリカ(Grace Davison Silica Gel #2408、100℃で40時間熟成、200℃で2時間焼成)を200g加えた後、沸騰石を15個加えた。この丸底フラスコを加熱用マントルの中に入れた後、冷却器を取り付けた。その加熱用マントルをオービタルシェーカー(orbital shaker)の上に取り付けて、それを115rpmの速度で作動させた。反応全体に渡ってN2を送り込んで前記丸底フラスコおよび冷却器に通すことで空気を除去した。サンプルを4時間還流させた後、濾過し、2x1000mlのトルエンで洗浄し、115℃で乾燥させた後、それに焼成を150℃で2時間受けさせた。このサンプルを中間体A2と表示した。
実施例11
固定手順
選択した酵素を適切な量で秤取って、100mlの連成用緩衝液[100mMのNa2PO4+150mMのNaCl(pH7.0)]に入れて所望濃度(0.05から1.0mgの蛋白質/mlの範囲)にした。この酵素に126mgのNaCNBH3と一緒に実施例9または実施例10の最終生成物を1g(シリカ基準)加えた。この反応物を平床型振とう器の上に置いて室温で2時間150rpmで振とうした。次に、この反応物を濾過した後、その濾液にBCA検定キットを用いた試験を残存蛋白質含有量に関して受けさせた。サンプルを100mlの連成用緩衝液で少なくとも2回か或は濾液の中に蛋白質の活性(テトラペプチド活性で測定)が確認されなくなるまで洗浄した。次に、このサンプルを再び126mgのNaCNBH3と一緒に100mlの連成用緩衝液の中に入れて室温で2時間150rpmで振とうした。このサンプルを濾過し、100mlの連成用緩衝液で少なくとも2回洗浄した後、濾過吸引下で空気乾燥させた。次に、このサンプルを40℃のインキュベーターに入れて20分間乾燥させた。サンプルをPTFEキャップ付きガラス瓶に入れて貯蔵した。
実施例12
触媒反応:α−キモトリプシン加水分解反応−テトラペプチドの加水分解
選択した担体(実施例9または10)の上にα−キモトリプシン(CT)を適当量で固定しておいて、それを20mlのガラス製シンチレーション瓶に入れた(大部分の反応で調製物を2mg用いた)。反応用緩衝液を10ml加えた後のサンプルを2分間平衡状態にした。反応槽に加水分解基質であるテトラペプチドN−スクシニル−ala−ala−pro phe p−ニトロアニリド(Sigma #S−7388)(反応体分子)を200μlのDMFに入れて最終的テトラペプチド濃度が0.1mMになるように送り込んだ(最終的DMF濃度:2%体積/体積)。平床型振とう器を150rpmで用いて反応を室温で進行させた。全変換率が10%未満である期間中に適切な時間的間隔で1.5mlの一定分量を取り出してp−ニトロアニリドが遊離することによって起こる410nmの所の吸光度上昇を測定した。その一定分量を反応槽に戻して、反応を継続した。このような方法は計算初期速度が直線状反応時間期間(linear reaction time period)が基になっていることを確保するものである。
実施例13
触媒反応:α−キモトリプシン有機反応−メチルエステルとプロピルエステルのエステル交換
CTを適切な量で固定しておいて20mlのガラス製シンチレーション瓶に入れた(大部分の反応で調製物を15mg使用する)。このシンチレーション瓶にプロパノール含有量が1.0Mでn−アセチル−L−フェニルアラニン含有量が25mMの反応混合物を5ml加えることで反応を開始させた。角度が45゜の30℃インキュベーション用振とう器(200rpm)を用いて反応を進行させた。全変換率が10%未満のままである期間中に適切な時間的間隔で一定分量を取り出した。これは計算初期速度が線形反応時間期間が基になっていることを確保するものである。その一定分量を1.5mlのエッペンドルフ遠心分離管に入れて回転させて沈降させることで固定化酵素を除去した。次に、その上澄み液をGCで分析した。図13に、CTを実施例9の担体に担持(141mgのCT/g)または実施例10の担体に担持(138mgのCT/g)させた時の変換率を時間に対比させて示す。再び、この有機ケースでも、実施例10の担体を用いた時の方が実施例9の担体を用いた時よりも速度向上度が大きく、このことは、表面を不動態化(passivation)しておくと非選択的結合が防止されることで大きな活性利点が得られることを示している。
実施例14
触媒反応:B−リパーゼ加水分解反応−トリブチリンの加水分解
この加水分解では基質であるトリブチリンにカンジダ・アナルチカB(Candia anartica B)−リパーゼによる加水分解(グリセロールと酪酸の間のエステル結合の所)を受けさせた。pHスタット装置を用いて、反応を進行させながら塩基を溶液に添加してその量を監視することで、酪酸の遊離を追跡した。反応を進行させながら酪酸が遊離することによる酸性化を追跡することで、初期速度の計算は容易であった。反応度合に応じて供給する塩基に変換を受けさせる目的で高純度の酪酸を用いることで較正曲線を作成した。
実施例15
触媒反応:B−リパーゼ有機反応−s−フェニルエチルアルコールのエステル交換
このエステル交換では、基質であるアルコール(s−フェニルエチルアルコール)に酢酸エステル(酢酸ビニル)によるアシル化を受けさせた。反応を進行させながらGCで基質および生成物が示すピークを監視した。酢酸ビニルを300mM添加しておいたヘキサンにs−フェニルエチルアルコールを100mM入れることで生じさせた原液を最初に調製した。
カラム:Supelco MDN−1 30mの石英ガラス毛細管カラム、ID:0.32mm、膜厚:0.25mm
オーブン:125℃の等温、5.5分間の待ち時間、注入口および検出器の温度:250℃
注入:1.0μl注入
検出器:炎イオン化
溶離:溶媒−2.6分
基質−3.8分
生成物−5.0分
図15に、実施例9または実施例10の担体に担持させる酵素の充填率を変えた時にB−リパーゼが触媒作用を及ぼすエステル交換の絶対的速度の比較を示す。この結果は、明らかに、前記酵素を実施例10の担体(不動態化した表面)に担持させた時の方が速度向上度が大きいことを示している。一方、前記酵素を実施例9の担体の不動態化していない表面に担持させておいた時には活性が本質的に失われる。
Claims (60)
- 無機担体を含んで成っていてそれの少なくとも1つの表面に少なくとも1種のR10基および少なくとも1種のリンカーが結合している担持触媒系であって、前記R10基が少なくとも1つの非酸性で親水性のヒドロキシル含有有機基を含んで成っていて、前記R10基が前記担体への非特異的結合を防止するに充分な量で存在する担持触媒系。
- 前記リンカーが少なくとも1種の触媒種と結合している請求項1記載の担持触媒系。
- 前記R10基が−CH2OH、−CH(OH)2、−CH(OH)CH3、−CH2CH2OH、−C(OH)2CH3、−CH2CH(OH)2、−CH(OH)CH2(OH)およびこれらの混合物から成る群から選択される請求項2記載の担持触媒系。
- 前記R10基が−CH2OH、−CH(OH)CH3、−CH2CH2OHおよびこれらの混合物から成る群から選択される請求項3記載の担持触媒系。
- 前記R10基が−CH2OHである請求項4記載の担持触媒系。
- R10基を無機担体1nm2当たり約1から約10個のR10基の範囲の濃度で含んで成る請求項2記載の担持触媒系。
- 前記無機担体が無機金属酸化物である請求項1、2または3記載の担持触媒系。
- 前記無機金属酸化物担体がこれの表面にヒドロキシル基を少なくとも1個有する請求項7記載の担持触媒系。
- 前記R10基が前記担体上に前記担体の表面上に存在するヒドロキシル基の約50から約99%の範囲の濃度で存在する請求項8記載の担持触媒系。
- 前記R10基が前記担体上に前記担体の表面上に存在する表面ヒドロキシル基の約75から約90%の範囲の濃度で存在する請求項9記載の担持触媒系。
- 前記R10基が前記担体の表面に前記担体の表面と結合している二価部分または原子の反応体を通して結合している請求項1、2または3記載の担持触媒系。
- 前記R10基が前記担体の表面に直接結合している請求項1、2または3記載の担持触媒系。
- 前記無機金属酸化物がケイ酸塩またはアルミノケイ酸塩である請求項7記載の担持触媒系。
- 前記無機金属酸化物がシリカ、アルミナ、シリカ−アルミナ、ジルコニア、ジルコン酸塩、チタニア、制御された孔を有するガラスおよびこれらの混合物から成る群から選択される請求項7記載の担持触媒系。
- 前記無機金属酸化物がシリカである請求項14記載の担持触媒系。
- 前記シリカがクロマトグラフィー等級のシリカまたはシリカゲルである請求項15記載の担持触媒系。
- 前記無機担体が磁気反応性である請求項1、2または3記載の担持触媒系。
- 前記リンカーが場合により置換されていてもよい二価化学基である請求項1、2または3記載の担持触媒系。
- 前記リンカーの濃度が無機担体1nm2当たり約0.1から約5.0個のリンカーの範囲の濃度である請求項1、2または3記載の担持触媒系。
- 前記担体が触媒種をこれが所望反応に触媒作用を及ぼすに充分な濃度で含んで成る請求項2または3記載の担持触媒系。
- 前記触媒種が酵素である請求項20記載の担持触媒系。
- 前記担体が酵素を1nm2当たり約0.04から約4個含んで成る請求項21記載の担持触媒系。
- 前記無機担体がシリカでありそして前記R10基が−CH2OHである請求項22記載の担持触媒系。
- 前記シリカがシリカゲルまたはクロマトグラフィー等級のシリカである請求項23記載の担持触媒系。
- 前記触媒種が有機金属錯体である請求項20記載の担持触媒系。
- 前記触媒種が有機分子、フラグメントまたは複合体である請求項20記載の担持触媒系。
- 無機担体への非特異的結合を減少させるための担持触媒系を含んでなる方法であって、該担体は非特異的結合を起し得る少なくとも1種の官能基を有し、該方法は、
(a)触媒種、反応基質、反応生成物または他の分子と非選択的に反応し得る少なくとも1種の官能基を有する無機担体を準備し、
(b)前記無機担体が有する前記少なくとも1種の官能基を前記担体上にR10基を生じさせ得る反応体と反応させることで前記無機担体の少なくとも1つの表面上に少なくとも1種のR10基を生じさせ、ここで前記R10基が少なくとも1種の非酸性で親水性のヒドロキシル含有有機基を含んで成り、
(c)前記無機担体を少なくとも1種のリンカーと反応させることで前記担体の少なくとも1つの表面と結合している少なくとも1種のリンカーを生じさせ、そして
(d)前記リンカーを触媒種と反応させることで前記触媒種を前記担体の上に固定するが、
前記R10基を前記無機担体の表面上に非特異的結合が減少しそして/または防止されるに充分な濃度で存在させる、
ことを含んで成る上記方法。 - 前記R10基を−CH2OH、−CH(OH)2、−CH(OH)CH3、−CH2CH2OH、−C(OH)2CH3、−CH2CH(OH)2、−CH(OH)CH2(OH)およびこれらの混合物から成る群から選択する請求項27記載の方法。
- 前記R10基を−CH2OH、−CH(OH)CH3、−CH2CH2OHおよびこれらの混合物から成る群から選択する請求項28記載の方法。
- 前記R10基が−CH2OHである請求項29記載の方法。
- R10基の濃度を無機担体1nm2当たり約1から約10個のR10基の範囲の濃度にすることを含んで成る請求項27記載の方法。
- 前記無機担体が無機金属酸化物である請求項27記載の方法。
- 前記触媒種、反応基質または反応生成物と反応し得る前記官能基が前記担体の表面に存在するヒドロキシル基である請求項32記載の方法。
- 前記R10基を前記担体上にそれらが前記担体の表面上に存在するヒドロキシル基の約50から約90%を覆うに充分な濃度で存在させる請求項33記載の方法。
- 前記R10基を前記担体上にそれらが前記担体の表面上に存在する表面ヒドロキシル基の約75から約99%を覆うに充分な濃度で存在させる請求項34記載の方法。
- 前記R10基を前記担体の表面に前記担体の表面と結合している二価部分または原子反応体を通して結合させる請求項27記載の方法。
- 前記R10基を前記担体の表面に直接結合させる請求項27記載の方法。
- 前記無機金属酸化物がケイ酸塩またはアルミノケイ酸塩である請求項32記載の方法。
- 前記無機金属酸化物をシリカ、アルミナ、シリカ−アルミナ、ジルコニア、ジルコン酸塩、チタニア、孔を制御された度合で有するガラスおよびこれらの混合物から成る群から選択する請求項32記載の方法。
- 前記無機金属酸化物がシリカである請求項39記載の方法。
- 前記シリカがクロマトグラフィー等級のシリカまたはシリカゲルである請求項40記載の方法。
- 前記無機担体が磁気反応性である請求項27記載の方法。
- 前記リンカーが、場合により置換されていてもよい二価化学基である請求項27記載の方法。
- リンカーの濃度を担体1nm2当たり約0.1から5.0個のリンカーの濃度にすることを含んで成る請求項27記載の方法。
- 前記担体が触媒種をこれが所望反応に触媒作用を及ぼすに充分な濃度で含有して成る請求項27記載の方法。
- 前記触媒種が酵素である請求項45記載の方法。
- 前記担体が酵素を1nm2当たり約0.04から約4個含有して成る請求項46記載の方法。
- 前記無機担体がシリカでありそして前記R10基が−CH2OHである請求項46記載の方法。
- 前記シリカがシリカゲルまたはクロマトグラフィー等級のシリカである請求項48記載の方法。
- 前記触媒種が有機金属錯体である請求項45記載の方法。
- 前記触媒種が有機分子、フラグメントまたは複合体である請求項45記載の方法。
- ある反応に触媒作用を及ぼす方法であって、
(a)反応を起して所望生成物を生じさせる能力を有する反応体分子を含んで成る反応混合物を準備し、そして
(b)前記反応混合物と請求項2記載の担持触媒系とを、前記反応混合物の中の前記反応体分子が起こす反応に触媒作用を及ぼすに充分な量で充分な時間接触させることで所望生成物を生じさせる、
ことを含んで成る方法。 - 更に、
(c)前記担持触媒系を前記反応混合物から除去する、
ことも含んで成る請求項52記載の方法。 - 段階(b)における前記担持触媒系の前記R10基を−CH2OH、−CH(OH)2、−CH(OH)CH3、−CH2CH2OH、−C(OH)2CH3、−CH2CH(OH)2、−CH(OH)CH2(OH)およびこれらの混合物から成る群から選択する請求項52記載の方法。
- 段階(b)における前記担持触媒系の無機担体が無機金属酸化物である請求項52記載の方法。
- 前記無機金属酸化物をシリカ、アルミナ、シリカ−アルミナ、ジルコニア、ジルコン酸塩、チタニア、孔を制御された度合で有するガラスおよびこれらの混合物から成る群から選択する請求項55記載の方法。
- 段階(b)における前記担持触媒系の前記無機担体が、触媒種をこれが前記反応混合物の中の前記反応体分子が起こす反応に触媒作用を及ぼすに充分な濃度で含んで成る請求項52記載の方法。
- 前記触媒種が酵素である請求項57記載の方法。
- 前記触媒種が有機金属錯体である請求項57記載の方法。
- 前記触媒種が有機分子、フラグメントまたは複合体である請求項57記載の方法。
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US10/357,115 US6987079B2 (en) | 2001-08-14 | 2003-02-03 | Supported catalyst systems |
US10/357,115 | 2003-02-03 | ||
PCT/US2004/003006 WO2004069406A1 (en) | 2003-02-03 | 2004-02-03 | Novel supported catalyst systems |
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EP (1) | EP1590085B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4733628B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20050099987A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100528357C (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE488297T1 (ja) |
BR (1) | BRPI0407196A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2514983A1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE602004030092D1 (ja) |
DK (1) | DK1590085T3 (ja) |
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JP2010522079A (ja) * | 2007-03-22 | 2010-07-01 | エージェンシー フォー サイエンス,テクノロジー アンド リサーチ | シリカ系メソセル発泡体へのクリックケミストリーによる触媒の固定 |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2005270918A (ja) * | 2004-03-26 | 2005-10-06 | National Institute For Materials Science | 金属触媒及びその製造方法 |
JP2010522079A (ja) * | 2007-03-22 | 2010-07-01 | エージェンシー フォー サイエンス,テクノロジー アンド リサーチ | シリカ系メソセル発泡体へのクリックケミストリーによる触媒の固定 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
MXPA05008234A (es) | 2005-10-05 |
US20080138869A1 (en) | 2008-06-12 |
EP1590085B1 (en) | 2010-11-17 |
ATE488297T1 (de) | 2010-12-15 |
IL169997A (en) | 2010-06-30 |
US7780946B2 (en) | 2010-08-24 |
NO20054091D0 (no) | 2005-09-02 |
DE602004030092D1 (de) | 2010-12-30 |
US20060000758A1 (en) | 2006-01-05 |
TW200418569A (en) | 2004-10-01 |
EP1590085A1 (en) | 2005-11-02 |
JP4733628B2 (ja) | 2011-07-27 |
CN1767896A (zh) | 2006-05-03 |
DK1590085T3 (da) | 2011-02-21 |
US7314845B2 (en) | 2008-01-01 |
WO2004069406A1 (en) | 2004-08-19 |
BRPI0407196A (pt) | 2006-02-14 |
US20030143156A1 (en) | 2003-07-31 |
KR20050099987A (ko) | 2005-10-17 |
US6987079B2 (en) | 2006-01-17 |
NO20054091L (no) | 2005-11-03 |
CA2514983A1 (en) | 2004-08-19 |
CN100528357C (zh) | 2009-08-19 |
TWI346000B (en) | 2011-08-01 |
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