JP2006272812A - Shaking device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a shaking device, which can shake an object such as a mold form into which concrete is poured by a simple structure. <P>SOLUTION: The shaking device 1 equipped with a stand 10 installable with a mold form, four coiled springs 23 vertically and elastically supporting the stand 10 against a base 20 and air cylinders 31 and 32 for horizontally driving the stand 10. In this shaking device 1, the stand 10 with the mold form or the like installed thereon can horizontally reciprocate in any direction and, further, can be swung around. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus that swings using a formwork as an object when a concrete secondary product is manufactured using the formwork.

When manufacturing concrete secondary products of various shapes using a formwork, the work of compacting the formwork in small cycles at short intervals during and / or immediately after the introduction of ready-mixed concrete Done. This operation has the purpose of spreading the ready-mixed concrete to every corner of the formwork and releasing the air caught in the ready-mixed concrete.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-315210

  Instead of a device that vibrates the formwork by giving a small vibration called a vibrator, a vibration device that drives the formwork infused with concrete in an appropriate manner and swings with an appropriate amplitude and period has appeared. Yes. In this specification, a short period of so-called a vibrator, that is, a high speed and a small amplitude, that is, a vibration or vibration device that vibrates the formwork in small increments, so that the magnitude of the amplitude can be grasped visually. A device that swings or vibrates is referred to as a rocking device in order to distinguish it from a vibrator. Therefore, the oscillating device may be referred to as an oscillating device.

  Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-315210 discloses that a cradle on which a mold is placed is moved while swinging up and down around a support portion by rotation of a drive shaft. However, in this system, it is not easy to vibrate a formwork that reaches several tons or several tens of tons like a pendulum or a swing, and a device that hangs and shakes the formwork becomes large in order to increase strength. Furthermore, the site where heavy objects are reciprocating around the spindle is a dangerous area, and a large space is required to ensure the safety of workers.

  When manufacturing a concrete secondary product using a mold, there is a direction suitable for the direction of vibration depending on the shape of the product, that is, the shape of the mold into which concrete has been poured. For example, when the horizontal cross section is long in either direction, it is desirable to vibrate or swing in the longitudinal direction. When the shape is like a box with walls on all sides, it is desirable to vibrate so as to draw a circle or an ellipse in an oblique direction with respect to the four walls, more preferably in a horizontal plane. However, the pendulum type cannot freely change the direction in which the formwork is shaken. Therefore, the direction in which the mold is set on the swinging device can only be changed depending on the shape of the mold, and when the product is manufactured by flowing the mold on the line, it is necessary to adjust the setting direction for each shape of the mold Will occur.

  Therefore, in the present invention, it is possible to swing an object such as a mold into which concrete has been poured with a simple structure, and further, an impact when the moving direction of the mold when turning is turned back. An object of the present invention is to provide a rocking device that can also relax. Furthermore, the swinging direction can be changed freely depending on conditions such as the shape of the formwork, and the swinging device is not limited to a straight line but can swing the object so as to draw a locus such as an ellipse or a circle. It is intended to provide.

  For this reason, in the present invention, a platform on which an object such as a mold into which concrete has been injected is mounted is supported in the vertical direction by elastic means such as a plurality of independent coil springs, and by the drive means, Provided is an oscillating device that moves a base plate elastically supported in a horizontal direction. That is, the rocking device of the present invention is a platform on which an object can be mounted, and this platform is supported elastically and independently in a substantially vertical direction with respect to the base, and can also be displaced in the horizontal direction. At least three elastic support means and drive means for moving the platform horizontally with respect to the base. The elastic support means has only a certain degree of elasticity and can be deformed in any direction in the horizontal direction, that is, in a horizontal plane. The elastic support means is not limited to a coil spring, but is an air cushion or a rubber mat. It may be. However, in the case of a formwork in which concrete is poured as a swinging object, a load of several tons is applied, so that a coil spring is suitable as an elastic support means having appropriate elasticity and durability.

  In the oscillating device of the present invention, the platform is supported from the base by means of supporting elastically and independently in the vertical direction, such as a coil spring, so that it can also be displaced in the horizontal direction. If the force of the elastic support means moves from the neutral position (neutral position) where the force is balanced to any direction in the horizontal plane, and the platform moves, the reaction force toward the neutral position is proportional to the amount of displacement. Obtained. Therefore, when the platform is reciprocated by the driving means, the acceleration in the opposite direction gradually increases when turning back, so the change in speed becomes gradual, and when a heavy object such as a mold is swung as an object, Shock can be mitigated. Furthermore, since the platform can be driven in any direction within the horizontal plane, the direction of rocking can be changed freely according to conditions such as the shape of the formwork. The object can be vibrated as depicted.

  Various means can be employed as the means for driving the platform in the horizontal direction. As the driving means that reciprocates in the horizontal direction, an actuator that expands and contracts such as an air cylinder can be employed. By driving the position away from the neutral position of the base plate with the air cylinder, the base plate can be driven to draw a circle centered on the neutral position. Further, the platform can be reciprocated or circularly moved by a rotating driving means such as a motor.

  If the drive means has at least two actuators that expand and contract in different directions, the direction of reciprocating movement can be changed freely, elliptical motion can be added in addition to circular motion, and the axis of the ellipse can be freely changed. It is possible to flexibly set the movement of the platform in the horizontal plane. Therefore, it is optimal as the driving means of the present invention.

  If the ready-mixed concrete poured into the mold has high fluidity, it is preferable to shake the mold with low-frequency and long-period vibrations. It is better to shake The oscillating device according to the present invention can cope with any of them by controlling the period of driving the platform by the driving means. Furthermore, in the rocking device of the present invention, since the base is elastically supported in the vertical direction, it is possible to vibrate in the vertical direction. For this purpose, means for vibrating the base in the vertical direction is provided. It is desirable to have it.

  FIG. 1 shows an example of the rocking device of the present invention. The swinging device 1 is a device that vibrates (swings) using a formwork 50 into which concrete is poured as an object. This rocking device 1 has a substantially thin bowl-shaped base 20 that can be installed on the floor or the earth 2 and a base 10 that is elastically supported in a horizontal posture above the base 20. ing. The base 10 is supported in the vertical direction with respect to the base 20 by four coil springs disposed between the base 20 and the two actuators similarly installed between the base 10 and the base 20. It moves in any direction of the horizontal direction (XY direction). A vibrator that vibrates the base plate 10 in the vertical direction Z is attached to the back surface of the base plate 10, and the base plate 10 also moves in the vertical direction Z. The direction and cycle of these movements are controlled by a control panel 60 attached to the base 20.

  The platform 10 can be mounted on its surface 11 with a mold 50 for molding or manufacturing a concrete secondary product. Therefore, a stopper 35 that stops the movement of the mold 50 is provided on the base 10. The mold 50 shown in this figure forms the lid 59 of the side groove, and a plurality of small frames for molding a plurality of lids 59 on the mold base 51 extending in the Y direction of this figure. 52 is stacked in the Y direction. Under the formwork bases 51 on both sides in the longitudinal direction Y of the formwork 50, leg portions 55 extending in the X direction by channel members are provided, and locks extending inward from the leg portions 55 in the Y direction. A member 56 is attached. The stopper 35 of the base 10 of the rocking device 1 is composed of a low first stopper 35a disposed in front of the drawing and a high second stopper 35b disposed on the back side of the drawing.

  Position where the locking member 56 on the bottom surface of the mold is in contact with the second stopper 35b at the rear or the back when the mold 50 is lifted by a forklift or the like and the mold 50 is carried into the base board 10 from the front. When the mold frame 50 is carried in and lowered at that position and the mold frame 50 is supported on the base plate 10 by the legs 55, the lock member 56 has the first stopper 35a and the second stopper 35b. And the mold 50 is prevented from moving in the X direction. Furthermore, since the stoppers 35a and 35b hit the leg portion 55, the mold 50 is also prevented from moving in the Y direction.

  FIG. 2 schematically shows a configuration of the oscillating device 1 as viewed from the Y direction in a cross section. Further, FIG. 3 schematically shows a configuration of the swing device 1 viewed from the X direction by a cross section. The platform 10 is made of a substantially square plate material, and is elastically supported in a direction perpendicular to the base 20 by four coil springs 23 arranged in four directions. The coil spring 23 supports the base 10 in a substantially horizontal state in the vertical direction with respect to the base 20 and is also elastically displaced in the horizontal direction. Therefore, the base 10 can be vibrated in any direction in the horizontal direction by applying a force against the elastic force of the four coil springs 23. That is, in the oscillating device 1, the coil spring 23 supports the base 10 in the vertical direction with respect to the base 20, and guides and a drive source for vibrating the base 10 in the horizontal direction with respect to the base 20. It also functions as a shock absorber.

  The oscillating device 1 includes, as driving means, an air cylinder 31 that expands and contracts in the X direction shown in FIG. 2 and an air cylinder 32 that extends and contracts in the Y direction shown in FIG. These cylinders 31 and 32 are pivotally attached to a member 15 having one end 31a and 32a attached to the lower center of the base plate 10, and the other ends 31b and 32b are side walls of the base 20. The frame 21 is pivotably attached. Therefore, by supplying compressed air to the air cylinders 31 and 32, the base plate 10 can be reciprocated in the X direction and the Y direction with respect to the base 20. Furthermore, by supplying an appropriate amount of compressed air at an appropriate period to both of these air cylinders 31 and 32, the base 10 is reciprocated in any direction on the XY plane (horizontal plane). It can also be circular and elliptical. The movement of the air cylinders 31 and 32 when vibrating the formwork is, for example, a frequency of about 1 to several rps and a period of about 1 second. Further, the amplitude is about several tens of centimeters to 1 meter depending on the size of the air cylinders 31 and 32.

  A vibrator 80 for vibrating the base plate 10 in the vertical direction Z is attached to the back surface of the base plate 10. The vibrator 80 of this example includes a motor 81 attached to the base plate 10 so that the rotating shaft 82 faces the horizontal direction (Y direction), and a diaphragm having a weight 83 attached at a position eccentric to the rotating shaft 82. 84. Therefore, when the motor 81 rotates, the weight 83 rotates in a plane perpendicular to the rotation shaft 82, and as a reaction, the motor 81 moves so as to rotate in a vertical plane, and the movement is a vibration as a base plate. 10 is transmitted. In this vibrator 80, since the weight 83 rotates in the XZ plane, vibrations that slightly fluctuate the base plate 10 in the X direction and the Z direction at the rotational speed of the motor 81 are applied to the base plate 10. The frequency of this vibration is about the rotational speed of the motor 81 and is about several tens of rps or more. Therefore, the cycle is about several tenths of a second, which is shorter than the cycle of the actuators 31 and 32 formed of the air cylinder. The amplitude is about the radius of the diaphragm 84 and is about several centimeters to several tens of centimeters. For this reason, in the oscillating device 1, the base 10 can be vibrated at a low frequency by the air cylinders 31 and 32 and can be vibrated at a high frequency by the vibrator 80. The platform 10 can be shaken and moved with vibration suitable for the fluidity of fresh concrete.

  FIG. 4 schematically shows the movement of the base 10 with respect to the base 20. 4A, the base 10 is supported by four coil springs 23 with respect to the base 20, and when the air cylinders 31 and 32 are in a neutral state, the center O of the base 10 is At the neutral position N where the forces of the four coil springs 23 are balanced.

  As shown in FIG. 4B, when the air cylinder 32 extending and contracting in the Y direction is extended, the base 10 is moved so that the center O is separated from the neutral position N in the Y direction, and each coil spring 23 is moved. Is displaced in the Y direction and extends. For this reason, a reaction force that returns from the coil spring 23 to the base 10 is returned to the neutral position N in proportion to the displacement. Therefore, when the force that pushes the base plate 10 in the Y direction by the air cylinder 32 and the reaction force by the spring 23 are balanced, the acceleration becomes zero and the speed of the base plate 10 in the Y direction gradually decreases. When the speed in the Y direction becomes zero, the moving direction of the base 10 is reversed and is gradually accelerated by the force of the spring 23. When the supply of air to the air cylinder 32 is stopped and the driving force in the Y direction is lost, the base 10 moves to the opposite side in the Y direction due to the reaction force of the spring 23, and the inertial force of the base 10 and the elastic force of the spring 23. Vibrates due to Since this vibration is attenuated, the platform 10 can be oscillated with an appropriate period and amplitude by applying an appropriate force by the air cylinder 32 at an appropriate timing.

  The change in speed at which the base 10 reciprocates in the horizontal direction is the same as the change in the speed of vibration like a pendulum. The speed of the base 10 changes gradually, and the speed change when the moving direction changes is small. Therefore, the impact when the moving direction of the platform 10 is switched is reduced, and the impact transmitted to the base 20 is small. Further, the impact transmitted to the mold 50 mounted on the base plate 10 is small, the mold frame 50 does not slip off the base plate 10, and the concrete does not fall down from the mold frame 50.

  Similarly, the base cylinder 10 can be swung in the X direction with an appropriate period and an appropriate amplitude by the air cylinder 31 extending and contracting in the X direction. Further, as shown in FIG. 4C, the base 10 is reciprocated (vibrated) at an angle by simultaneously expanding and contracting an air cylinder 31 that expands and contracts in the X direction and an air cylinder 32 that expands and contracts in the Y direction. Or the angle, period and amplitude can be freely controlled. Further, by changing the timing of supplying air to the air cylinders 31 and 32, it is possible to move the base 10 so as to draw a circle or an ellipse. Furthermore, the turning direction of the base 10 can be controlled, and the turning direction can be switched in the middle.

  FIG. 5 shows several examples of manufacturing a concrete secondary product using the swing device 1. FIG. 5A shows an example in which a mold 50 in which concrete is injected as an object is placed on the base 10 and the base 10 is moved in the X direction. The concrete secondary product molded by the mold 50 is suitable for manufacturing a concrete secondary product that is basically long in the X direction, such as a lid. FIG. 5B is an example in which the mold 50a is moved in the Y direction by the platform 10, and the concrete secondary product molded by the mold 50a is basically long in the Y direction like a side groove block. Suitable for manufacturing secondary concrete products.

  FIG. 5C shows an example in which the platform 50 is moved along the different trajectories such as oblique, circular, or elliptical shape in the XY plane in addition to the X direction or the Y direction by the platform 10. The concrete secondary product molded by the mold 50b is suitable for manufacturing a box-shaped concrete secondary product having side walls on four sides, such as a box block. By setting the phase difference between the vibrations of the two cylinders 31 and 32 to 0, 90, 180, and 270 degrees and changing the amplitude, the platform 10 can be moved in any direction in which the XY coordinate moves diagonally. . Further, by setting the phase difference of vibrations of the cylinders 31 and 32 to other than the above and changing the amplitude, the base plate 10 can be moved by changing the rotation direction in a circular or elliptical shape. As described above, the swinging device 1 of this example can swing the formwork in any direction in the XY plane as well as draw an ellipse or a circle by one device. It can be used to manufacture secondary concrete products.

  The vibration direction of the mold is desirably a direction along the surface of the mold. Because the distance of the concrete in the formwork becomes large, the concrete secondary with high strength and high anti-frost damage performance by removing entrained air with large bubble diameter and dispersing entrained air with small bubble diameter in the concrete Can provide products. In addition, since the concrete moves along the surface of the smooth formwork, the portion along the surface of the formwork, that is, the surface or the outer surface of the concrete secondary product is finished more smoothly except for the driving surface. Therefore, the rocking device 1 of the present invention can provide a secondary concrete product having a smooth surface such as a trowel finish as well as a surface that does not flutter due to bubbles.

  Thus, in the oscillating device 1 of this example, the coil spring 23 is used as an elastic support means independent in the vertical direction, and the coil spring 23 is used as a member for supporting the base plate 10 in the vertical direction. It is also used as a guide for vibrating in the horizontal direction, a drive source for obtaining a reaction force, and an absorber for reducing shock. That is, if a force is simply applied in the horizontal direction by the cylinder, the direction in which the base 10 swings is not stable, but the swinging direction of the base 10 is stabilized due to the reaction force of the coil spring 23. Therefore, the platform can be reciprocated in any of the horizontal directions with an extremely simple configuration, and can be turned. For this reason, a rocking device with high reliability can be provided at low cost. In order to obtain such an effect by the elastic support means and to horizontally support the base 10, the coil springs 23 should be arranged at an appropriate pitch so as not to line up at least three. Is desirable. As an elastic support means that can obtain the same effect, a rubber mat or an air cushion can be considered. However, since the coil spring can be formed of a highly durable material such as iron, the coil spring is suitable for the swing device of this example that swings a heavy object such as a mold. Further, in the above example, the air cylinder is connected so as to turn, but other connection methods such as sliding a rail may be employed.

  In the above, a two-dimensional oscillating device having two drive systems in the X and Y directions is illustrated, but an oscillating device having one drive system in the X or Y direction is also disclosed in the present invention. include. Furthermore, as described above, a Z-direction system drive system is provided. Furthermore, in the above example, an air cylinder is used as an actuator for driving the base plate, but the present invention is not limited to this. The actuator may be a motor, but the mechanism for changing the amplitude and frequency is complicated, and the cylinder type actuator is suitable from the viewpoint of installation method and weight. An oil cylinder that operates with oil pressure instead of air may be used. However, considering the fact that an oil unit for controlling the oil for operation is required, and that the swinging device of the present invention does not require a large driving force, the most easily available and easy-to-use compressed air is used. The air cylinder is optimal for the swing device of the present invention.

  Further, in the above, a stand-alone type swing device of a type that is installed independently and is mounted with a forklift or the like is shown, but the swing device of the present invention is installed in a production line for a secondary concrete product. It is also possible. As shown in FIG. 6A, the swing device 1 is installed in the middle of the production line 70 formed using the roller conveyor 71, and the formwork 50 can be moved by providing the roller conveyor 71 also on the base plate 10. By doing so, the oscillating device 1 can be incorporated into the production line 70. As shown in FIG. 6B, when the mold 50 is swung, the stopper 35x protrudes upward from the base plate 10 to grasp the base 51 of the mold 50 or engage with the base 51. Thus, the mold 50 can be shaken and moved by fixing the mold 50 to the base 10 and vibrating the base 10 in a desired direction or locus. Since the swinging device of the present invention can freely set the vibration direction of the formwork without changing the orientation of the swinging device, the position of the swinging device 1 is set according to the shape of the secondary concrete product manufactured in the line. It is possible to provide an environment that vibrates in the optimum direction with respect to the shape of the formwork without changing the direction of the formwork flowing through the line. Furthermore, the object mounted on the base plate is not limited to the formwork into which concrete is poured. The oscillating device of the present invention can vibrate an object by freely changing the amplitude, frequency, and vibration direction in order to experiment or manufacture various objects.

It is a figure which shows the outline | summary of the rocking | fluctuation apparatus of this invention. It is a figure which shows the schematic structure which looked at the rocking | fluctuation apparatus shown in FIG. 1 from the Y direction by a cross section. It is a figure which shows the schematic structure which looked at the rocking | fluctuation apparatus shown in FIG. 1 from the X direction by a cross section. It is a figure which shows the operation example of a rocking device. It is a figure which shows the example which changes a vibration direction with a formwork. It is a figure which shows the example in which the rocking device was integrated in the line.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Oscillator 10 Base, 20 Base 23 Coil spring 31, 32 Air cylinder 50 Formwork 80 Vibrator

Claims (4)

A platform on which the object can be mounted;
At least three elastic support means that elastically and independently support the platform in a substantially vertical direction with respect to the base, and that can also be displaced in the horizontal direction;
A swinging device having drive means for moving the platform horizontally with respect to the base.   2. A rocking device according to claim 1, wherein the elastic support means is a coil spring.   2. The swinging device according to claim 1, wherein the driving means includes at least two actuators that expand and contract in different directions.   2. The rocking device according to claim 1, further comprising means for vibrating the platform in the vertical direction.

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