JP7399442B2 - Variable inertia force application device and variable inertia force application program. - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a variable inertia force application device and a variable inertia force application program that apply a variable inertia force to a fluid.

BACKGROUND ART Conventionally, when manufacturing products using a fluid, it has sometimes been necessary to treat air bubbles contained in the fluid from the viewpoint of quality and appearance. For example, when a fluid is solidified, if air bubbles are present in the fluid, cavities or depressions are created inside or on the surface of the solidified material, and the treatment to eliminate them requires time and cost.

Regarding such problems, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses a concrete air bubble reduction vibrator that has a vibrating body connected to or incorporating an electric motor, a plow plate, and a connecting part that connects the vibrating body and the plow plate. This paper describes a method for reducing air bubbles in concrete by inserting this bubble-reducing vibrator near the formwork of uncured concrete and vibrating it.

However, in the vibrating machine as described in Patent Document 1, vibration scattering and diffused reflection due to the viscosity of concrete and mixed forms of various properties, shapes, sizes, and specific gravity of cement paste and fine aggregate and coarse aggregate There was a problem in that vibrations could not be distributed throughout the device due to damping and other factors, and could only be applied locally. Further, the work of inserting the vibrator near the formwork requires excessive labor and cost. Furthermore, there was a problem in that the vibration conditions being applied did not meet the defoaming conditions of the vibrated object and defoaming could not be achieved.

Furthermore, in Patent Document 2, a formwork mounting table on which a concrete molded product form is placed is constituted by a framework such as a shaped steel, and a base is similarly constituted by a framework such as a shaped steel, and the formwork is placed on this base. A formwork mounting table is attached with a cushioning member such as rubber interposed, and a formwork fixing device is provided to place and fix the concrete molded product form on the formwork mounting table, and the formwork is separated from the formwork fixing device. A table vibrator for molding cement concrete products is described in which a vibration motor is attached to the mounting table.

However, the table vibrator described in Patent Document 2 can only give fixed, predetermined vibrations that do not meet the defoaming conditions, and can cause air bubbles on the concrete surface and/or inside the concrete, so-called entrapped air. There is a problem in that it cannot be made finer or disappear, and it cannot be made finer to the point where it can disappear in terms of appearance. That is, there was a problem in that the applied vibration conditions did not meet the defoaming conditions of the vibrated object and defoaming could not be achieved.

Further, Patent Document 3 describes a defoaming device used in various coating machines and printing machines to remove air bubbles contained in coating materials, inks, etc. A defoaming device is described that includes an ultrasonic vibrator connected to a defoaming treatment tank.

However, in the technology of defoaming using sound waves, especially ultrasonic waves, the fluid is a viscous fluid or a hybrid fluid containing multiple objects with different specific gravity, hardness, size, and shape, and the volume is small. If the is large enough, it is possible to apply a wave with preset conditions in the vicinity where the sound wave is being input, but as you move away from the sound wave input source, the sound wave will be significantly attenuated and the attenuated wave will deviate from the set conditions. However, there was a problem in that the foam was not uniform and did not spread evenly throughout the entire body, and as a result, defoaming could not be achieved to an acceptable level.

Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2006-16868 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 5-318422 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2010-167386

The present invention was achieved through intensive research by the inventor in view of the above-mentioned conventional circumstances, and it is possible to miniaturize the air bubbles on the surface and inside of a fluid, thereby producing a product with good appearance and high quality at a low cost. The aim is to manufacture efficiently.

The variable inertia force imparting device of the present invention includes an installation base for installing and fixing a container containing a fluid containing bubbles and/or voids, and the fluid in the container installed on the installation base. A variable inertia force imparting device having an inertia force imparting means for uniformly imparting a variable inertia force to the whole, the inertia force imparting means having an acceleration of at least twice the gravitational acceleration of the earth (2G) or more. It is characterized by applying an inertial force due to the acceleration of

Further, the variable inertia force applying device of the present invention maintains any one of the fluctuation range, the number of fluctuations per unit time, and the acceleration that define the inertia force applied to the entire fluid by the inertia force applying means constant. , and has a control means and/or a drive means for changing the other.

Further, the variable inertia force applying device of the present invention has a detection means for detecting the size of bubbles in the fluid in the container and/or the acceleration applied to the fluid , and the control means and/or The driving means changes one or more of the number of fluctuations, the width of fluctuation per unit time, and the acceleration when the size of the bubble and/or the acceleration detected by the detection means are in a predetermined state. Features.

Further, the variable inertia force applying device of the present invention has a counter that measures inertia force information starting from the time when the inertia force applying means starts applying inertia force, and the control means and/or the driving means is configured to measure the inertia force by the counter. It is characterized in that when the information exceeds a threshold value, any one or more of the number of fluctuations, the width of fluctuation, and the acceleration is changed.

Further, the variable inertial force applying device of the present invention is characterized in that the inertial force information is the time and/or the number of times the variable inertial force is applied to the installation base by the inertial force applying means.

Further, the variable inertia force applying device of the present invention is a variable part in which the inertia force applying means moves the installation base to reciprocate in a predetermined direction, and the variable inertia force applying means is a fixed member that can removably fix a container to the variable part. The fixing means includes an upright part for fixing the container within a predetermined range, and a holding part capable of holding the container placed within the predetermined range while pressing it in a direction of movement. shall be.

Further, the variable inertia force applying device of the present invention is characterized in that the direction of variation is a vertical direction or a horizontal direction.

Further, the variable inertia force applying device of the present invention includes an installation base on which a container containing a fluid containing bubbles is installed, and a reciprocating motion of the installation base in a predetermined direction to uniformly apply the fluid in the container. a variable part as a variable force applying means for applying a variable inertial force to the variable part; and a fixing means capable of removably fixing the container to the variable part, the fixing means for fixing the container within a predetermined range. The container is characterized by having an upright portion, and a holding portion that can hold containers placed within a predetermined range while pressing them in the direction of movement.

Further, the variable inertial force applying device of the present invention is a variable inertial force applying device having an inertia force that uniformly applies a variable inertial force to a fluid containing bubbles and/or voids contained in a container. The inertial force applying means is characterized in that it applies an inertial force due to an acceleration of twice (2G) or more the gravitational acceleration of the earth.

Further, the variable inertial force applying program of the present invention applies the fluid to an inertial force applying device having an installation stand for installing and fixing a container containing a fluid containing bubbles and/or voids. In the above-mentioned container, it is possible to apply an inertial force of twice the earth's gravitational acceleration (2G) or more , and to maintain at least one of the fluctuation range, number of fluctuations per unit time, and acceleration constant that define the inertial force. The present invention is characterized in that an inertial force applying step is performed to uniformly apply a variable inertial force to the entire fluid contained in the fluid.

Further, the variable inertia force application program of the present invention maintains constant any one of the fluctuation range, the number of fluctuations per unit time, and the acceleration that define the inertia force applied to the fluid in the inertia force application step. Characterized by changing others.

Further, the variable inertial force applying program of the present invention further includes a detection step of detecting the size of bubbles in the fluid in the container and/or the acceleration applied to the fluid , and the inertial force applying step is characterized in that when the detected size of the bubble and/or the acceleration are in a predetermined state, any one or more of the number of fluctuations, the width of fluctuation per unit time, and the acceleration is changed.

In addition, the variable inertia force application program of the present invention further executes the step of measuring inertia force information starting from the start of inertia force application, and when the inertia force information exceeds a threshold value, the number of fluctuations per unit time. It is characterized by changing one or more of the fluctuation width and acceleration.

Further, the variable inertia force application program of the present invention is characterized in that the inertia force information is the time and/or the number of times the variable inertia force is applied to the installation base.

Further, the variable inertia force imparting program of the present invention is characterized in that variable inertia force is imparted by reciprocating the installation base in a predetermined direction.

According to the present invention, with a simple structure, bubbles and voids on the surface and inside of the fluid can be miniaturized, and a product with good appearance and high quality can be efficiently manufactured at low cost.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a fluid variable inertia force applying device according to the present embodiment. It is a perspective view showing the wall part of the jig of this embodiment. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a closed portion of the jig according to the present embodiment. It is a perspective view showing a storage container. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram for explaining the direction in which variable inertial force is applied. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram schematically showing the first mechanism of bubble refinement. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram schematically showing a second mechanism of bubble refinement. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram schematically showing a third mechanism of bubble refinement. It is a figure showing the state of bubbles in concrete when conditions are changed in an example. It is a figure showing the state of bubbles in concrete when conditions are changed in an example. It is a figure showing the state of bubbles in concrete when conditions are changed in an example. It is a figure showing the state of bubbles in concrete when conditions are changed in an example. It is a figure showing the state of bubbles in concrete when conditions are changed in an example. It is a figure showing the state of air bubbles in concrete when conditions are changed in another aspect of the example. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a system configuration of a fluid variable inertia force applying device according to the present embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the vibration processing of the fluid fluctuating inertia force application device concerning this embodiment. Flowchart showing another control example of the vibration processing of the fluid variable inertia force applying device It is a figure which shows the other example of the jig of a fluid fluctuating inertia force application apparatus. It is a figure which shows the other example of the jig of a fluid fluctuating inertia force application apparatus.

Hereinafter, a fluid variable inertia force applying device 1 as a variable inertia force applying device of the present invention will be explained. The fluid fluctuating inertia force applying device 1 fluctuates the fluid in order to apply a fluctuating inertia force to the fluid in order to make bubbles in the fluid finer and/or defoamer. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a fluid variable inertia force applying device 1 according to the present embodiment. The fluid variable inertia force applying device 1 includes an installation base 10 on which a substantially rectangular parallelepiped storage container 4 (see FIG. 4) containing a fluid is installed, and a removably fixed storage container 4 on the installation base 10. It has a jig 12 (fixing means) for moving the installation base 10, a reciprocating actuator 14 for moving the installation base 10, and the like.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the wall portion 16 of the jig 12 of this embodiment, and FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the closing portion 18 of the jig 12 of this embodiment. The jig 12 has the function of fixing the storage container within a predetermined range by a wall surface (erected portion) that is erected so as to surround the outer peripheral surface of the storage container, and can hold the storage container while pressing it in the direction of movement. It has the following functions.
The jig 12 includes a wall section 16 erected on the top surface of the installation stand 10 and a closing section 18 connected to the wall section 16 . The jig 12 fixes the container within the area defined by the wall 16 and the closure 18 . In addition, the wall portion 16 and the closing portion 18 are made of a synthetic resin such as acrylic or vinyl chloride, which has light transmittance, or a material such as glass in order to make the inside of the jig 12 visible from the outside.

As shown in FIG. 2, the wall portion 16 has a substantially U-shape in plan view so as to cover three of the side surfaces of the storage container 4. The closing part 18 is an L-shaped plate member, and the side part 18a from one end to the corner part is arranged in the direction of standing on the installation stand 10 so as to close the open part of the wall part 16. It is connected to the wall portion 16. Further, in the closing portion 18, the lid portion 18b from the other end to the corner portion comes into contact with the upper end portion of the wall portion 16 to close the upper portion of the wall portion 16.

In addition, a concave groove 16a is formed on two opposing surfaces of the inner peripheral surface of the wall portion 16, extending in the vertical direction and into which the side end portion of the side surface portion 18a is slidably inserted. Therefore, when both sides of the side surface part 18a are inserted into the grooves 16a and the closing part 18 is slid along the groove 16a to the lower end, the lid part 18b comes into contact with the wall part 16, and the closing part 18 and the wall part 16 and are connected. Note that the groove 16a may be configured to have a narrow width and have elasticity so that the side surface portion 18a can be slidably moved by press-fitting.

The reciprocating actuator 14 is a drive source that moves the installation base 10 in the vertical direction. The reciprocating actuator 14 has a hydraulic cylinder that drives the drive rod 14a with an up and down reciprocating stroke. Of course, the direction of the reciprocating motion by the reciprocating actuator 14 is not limited to the vertical direction, and it goes without saying that the direction may be the horizontal direction.

Note that the number of reciprocating actuators 14 disposed on the installation base 10 is not limited to one, but may be plural, and the number of drive rods 14a that the reciprocating actuator 14 has is also not limited to one, but may be plural. There may be. Further, the reciprocating actuator 14 is not limited to one using a hydraulic cylinder, and may be other types of actuators such as a solenoid actuator or a linear actuator.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the storage container 4. The storage container 4 is an acrylic container having a rectangular cylindrical shape and having optical transparency so that the inside can be visually recognized. It has an external shape that fits within the accommodation range defined by. Therefore, the outer peripheral surface of the storage container 4 can be surrounded and abutted by the wall 16 and the side surface 18a of the closing section 18 in the jig 12, and the upper surface is pressed and fixed by the lid 18b.

The storage container 4 is placed inside the U-shaped wall 16 by moving it in the horizontal direction toward the open portion of the wall 16 . Alternatively, the container 4 is placed inside the wall 16 by moving it vertically downward from the upper opening side of the wall 16 . That is, in the inner space surrounded by the wall part 16, the container 4 is moved horizontally and/or vertically along the surface of the wall part 16 and placed therein.

The storage container 4 placed in the jig 12 is restricted from moving in a direction orthogonal to the vertical direction by the wall portion 16 and the side surface portion 18a of the closing portion 18. Further, the vertical movement of the storage container 4 is restricted by the lid portion 18b of the closing portion 18. Therefore, the storage container 4 is fixed substantially integrally to the installation base 10. Note that in order to prevent direct contact between the top surface of the storage container 4 and the lid 18b, an elastic member having elasticity such as rubber may be interposed between the lid 18b and the storage container 4. In that case, an elastic member may be provided directly on the lid portion 18b or on the upper surface of the container 4.

Note that the storage container 4 is not limited to a rectangular tube shape, and may have a cylindrical shape or a tube shape with an elliptical, oval, polygonal, etc. cross section. Further, the storage container 4 and the jig 12 may be made of other light-transmitting resin materials such as polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, or polyvinyl chloride resin, or reinforced glass. Further, from the viewpoint of strength, etc., the inside does not need to be visible over the entire surface, and may be formed by containing metal or other resin so that the inside can be seen at least in part.

In addition, although the jig 12 is composed of the wall part 16 and the closing part 18, it is not limited to this. For example, the jig 12 may have a box shape with a top plate that can be opened and closed using a hinge, and the top plate can be opened and stored inside. A container 4 may be installed. In this case, when the top plate is closed, the top plate presses the storage container 4, so that the subordinate container 4 is held between the top plate and the installation base 10.

Further, the jig may be constructed of a plurality of frame members. In that case, a plurality of frame members are combined so that at least the movement of the storage container 4 in the direction orthogonal to the vertical direction can be restricted and the movement in the vertical direction can be restricted. If the jig is composed of a plurality of frame members, the inside of the container 4 can be visually recognized from between the frame members.

Although the fluid variable inertia force applying device 1 described above fixes the container 4 to the installation base 10 via the jig 12, the present invention is not limited to this. It may be fixed. In that case, for example, a flange protruding outward from the side surface is formed at the bottom of the storage container 4, and an inverted hook-shaped engagement portion rising from the top surface of the installation base 10 is formed. Then, the flange and the engaging portion are engaged to directly fix the container 4 to the installation base 10 so as to restrict the movement of the container 4 at least along the vibration direction. Of course, the fixing method is not limited to this, and may be welding or adhesion, and can be set as appropriate.

Next, the miniaturization and/or defoaming of bubbles and voids inside the fluid when a variable inertial force is applied to the entire fluid will be described. By applying a variable inertial force to the entire fluid, bubbles and voids existing inside and on the surface of the fluid can be made finer and/or defoamed to a size that poses no problem in terms of appearance and quality. The variable inertial force applied to the fluid object is not particularly limited; It can be generated in the process of accelerating (decelerating) or changing direction, etc., and can act on the fluid.

A method of applying a variable inertial force to the entire fluid can also be achieved by applying a regular and/or variable inertial force to the fluid, depending on the type of fluid and/or Or, depending on the size of the bubbles to be refined before refinement, the range of regular and/or fluctuating inertial force fluctuations, the number of repetitions and/or fluctuations per unit time, the repetition repetitions and/or fluctuations. It is characterized by controlling the repetitive and/or fluctuating inertial force (or defining the inertial force) according to one or more conditions selected from the period of time, the number of times of fluctuation, etc. By repeatedly and/or fluctuating inertial force applied to the entire target fluid, bubbles existing inside and on the surface of the fluid can be miniaturized to a size that poses no problem in terms of appearance and quality. .

It is important to apply an inertial force to the fluid itself, especially to repeatedly apply an inertial force, and for example, it is not effective to inject (irradiate) (ultrasound) waves with a sound source device. In the case of sound waves, when a fluid is made to vibrate, the fluid itself becomes a medium through which the waves propagate, so the waves are attenuated by the specific gravity, viscosity, and other properties of the objects that make up the fluid, causing the medium to vibrate. As a result, a mechanism occurs in which the fluid also does not vibrate.

In addition, when a fluid consists of multiple objects, some objects vibrate and others do not, depending on the various conditions of the sound waves due to differences in their size, specific gravity, mass, etc., and the entire fluid There is a problem in that it is not possible to apply an effect uniformly over the entire fluid, and it is not possible to apply an action to collapse the bubbles over the entire fluid. In particular, when the fluid body to be vibrated contains multiple solid objects with various shapes, masses, and specific gravity, the input sound waves are scattered and/or attenuated by viscous resistance, etc. at the surfaces and interfaces of each solid object. Therefore, there is a problem that the waves do not spread throughout the volume of the fluid.

On the other hand, depending on the physical and/or chemical attributes of the fluid and/or the physical and/or chemical attributes of the bubbles to be refined, the range of fluctuation of the inertial force per unit time is By controlling the variable inertial force by one or more conditions selected from the number of fluctuations, the time or number of fluctuations, and acceleration, the inertial force suitable for making the bubbles smaller or disappear can be applied to the bubbles. The bubbles inside and on the surface of the fluid are made finer due to the difference between the inertial force generated in the bubbles themselves as well as the surrounding ones. This makes it possible to efficiently manufacture products with good appearance and high quality. Of course, the inertial force applied to the fluid does not necessarily have to be reciprocating; in addition to regular inertial force, even if it is irregular, it can be a combination of regularity and irregularity. It may be intermediate.

The means for providing a fluctuating inertia force is not particularly limited, but may be configured, for example, to obtain a fluctuating inertia force due to centrifugal force in a rotating system in which the rotational direction is repeatedly alternated, or a It can be caused by movement or vibration. Here, a case will be explained in which a variable inertial force is applied by vibration. In this case, the fluctuation width of the fluctuating inertial force corresponds to the amplitude, the number of fluctuations per unit time corresponds to the vibration frequency, and the time for repeated fluctuation corresponds to the vibration time.

Note that the fluid refers to a liquid having a viscosity sufficient to retain air bubbles therein, a solid exhibiting fluidity including powder, granules, or particulate matter, or a mixture of a liquid and a solid. Examples of the fluid include sherbet-like, jelly-like, paste-like, gel-like, slurry-like, viscous fluid, a mixture of a plurality of substances, and a mixture thereof. In the case where a plurality of objects are mixed, the plurality of objects may be a mixture of various properties, shapes, sizes, specific gravity, hardness, abundance ratios, etc., or may be formed by a mixture of various objects with various properties, shapes, sizes, specific gravity, hardness, abundance ratio, etc. It may be something that was taken. In addition, as a pasty fluid, there is a so-called pendular fluid in which a mixed system of liquid and gas is surrounded by solids in the form of powder, granules, or solids larger than granules, and/or , a so-called fenicular form in which a liquid with air bubbles inside is surrounded by a solid in the form of a powder or granules, and/or a liquid that does not contain air bubbles in a form such as a powder or granules. It may be in a hybrid state, which includes a so-called capillary-like element surrounded by a solid, or in an irregular state. Highly viscous fluids or fluids in the form of mixtures in which air bubbles are retained are suitable.

This embodiment can be applied to fluids that solidify due to their own reactions. If a fluid is solidified while containing air bubbles, the air bubbles inside the solidified object will remain as cavities or depressions, so by applying the fluid variable inertia force applying device 1 according to the present embodiment By micronizing the bubbles in the fluid to a size that does not pose any problems in terms of appearance or quality, even when solidified, large cavities remain inside the solidified material or dents occur on the surface. This can be resolved. Note that quality here refers to the required properties among the strength, rigidity, elasticity, mass distribution, density, homogeneity, etc. that define the properties of the fluid or solidified material after the bubbles have been miniaturized or defoamed. In particular, it is preferable that the bubbles be made fine or defoamed so that the required characteristics meet the required level.

When solidifying a fluid, it is preferable to apply vibration immediately after the solidification reaction starts. When the solidification of the fluid progresses to a certain extent, the air bubbles become fixed as cavities, making it difficult to eliminate them. Furthermore, if too much vibration is applied, for example, if the fluid is composed of a plurality of components having different specific gravities, each component may separate, which is not preferable.

It is preferable that the vibration as a variable inertial force be applied so as to be distributed almost uniformly throughout the fluid. As a method of uniformly applying vibration, there is a method of vibrating the entire storage container 4 containing the fluid. The vibrator described in Patent Document 1, as described above, can only vibrate locally, and when the fluid is a viscous body, it cannot vibrate or shake the entire body. Since the fluid cannot be moved and the bubbles cannot be sufficiently eliminated, it is preferable to uniformly apply vibration or rocking to the entire target fluid.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram for explaining the direction in which a variable inertial force is applied by the fluid variable inertial force applying device according to the present embodiment. It is preferable that the variable inertial force be applied in a direction perpendicular to the fluid 20, that is, in the z-axis direction shown in FIG. Since gravity is applied in the vertical direction, by applying a variable inertial force in the same direction as gravity, the bubbles 22 can be made smaller and disappear more efficiently. It is also possible to move it vertically upward and drive it outside. Also, when applying a variable inertia force to a large amount of fluid 20 ranging from several tons to several tens of tons, a configuration that applies a variable inertia force in the vertical direction is better than a configuration in which the inertia force is applied in the horizontal direction. Compared to a configuration in which a variable inertial force is applied by using the ground, it becomes possible to take a reaction force by using the ground, making it easier to control the container 4. However, the direction of the fluctuating inertial force is not limited to the vertical direction, and may be the x-axis direction or the y-axis direction in FIG. 5, or a combination of the x-axis and the y-axis. Further, the inertial force may act not only in the vertical direction but also in the horizontal direction. Furthermore, in addition to applying a variable inertial force in the vertical and/or horizontal directions, the vibrated body may be rotated in a vertical plane or in a horizontal plane. In this case, separation of multiple components and objects constituting the fluid can be reduced. In addition, methods for applying inertial force to a fluid include not only the variation of acceleration along one axis, but also the variation by rotating the entire fluid while regularly or irregularly varying the direction of rotation. It may be configured to apply centrifugal force.

Next, the mechanism by which bubbles are made finer will be explained below using FIGS. 6 to 8. In FIGS. 6 to 8, the direction of the variable inertial force coincides with the z-axis of FIG. 5, and the vertical direction also coincides with the vertical direction of FIG. Further, although the fluid is described as having a monotonous and reciprocating motion to which a variable inertial force is applied, the motion is not limited to the monotonous and reciprocating motion.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram schematically showing the first mechanism of bubble refinement. The bubbles 20 in the fluid are formed by a tension force Fs (hereinafter referred to as "interfacial tension") that acts on the interface between the fluid and the bubbles. Therefore, by applying a variable inertial force to the bubble and the fluid surrounding the bubble, when the direction of the variable inertial force changes, it acts in proportion to the mass of the element bodies that make up the fluid surrounding the bubble. Pressure acts on the bubble due to an inertial force Fi (in particular, an inertial force acting on the elements constituting the fluid existing around the interface is sometimes referred to as an interfacial inertial force here). To explain in detail, the vertical motion of a fluid according to monotonous and reciprocating motion includes upward acceleration movement, upward deceleration movement, downward movement direction change, downward acceleration movement, downward deceleration movement, and upward movement. The direction of movement of the bubble 20 is repeatedly changed, and an inertial force Fi is applied to the bubble 20 during the movement of repeating acceleration and deceleration (FIG. 6(A)). At this time, the bubble 20 can be deformed by applying a variable inertial force such that the magnitude of the inertial force Fi becomes larger than the interfacial tension Fs or the collapse resistance force described below (FIG. 6(B)), Finally, one bubble 20 present in the fluid can be divided into a plurality of bubbles 20A, 20B and made smaller (FIG. 6(C)). By repeating this miniaturization, the bubbles in the fluid are miniaturized to a size that poses no problems in terms of appearance and quality, making it possible to make the bubbles in the fluid invisible to the naked eye and disappear. .

In this way, by applying a variable inertial force, the bubble collapses due to the difference in inertial force caused by the difference in mass between the bubble and the fluid, and further causes secondary bubble splitting, tertiary bubble splitting, etc. By promoting bubble splitting to a higher level of bubble splitting, the bubbles are made finer, and by reaching a desired level of size, a vanishing effect is obtained. At this time, the total volume of the bubbles does not change much before and after the higher-order bubble fragmentation, and the bubbles may remain in the fluid as fine particles. Therefore, fine bubbles produced as a result of progressing higher-order cell fission below a predetermined level can be turned into entrained air having a diameter of about 25 to 250 μm, for example.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram schematically showing the second mechanism of bubble refinement. The second mechanism of bubble refinement primarily functions when the fluid contains solids in the form of powder, granules, or the like. For example, in the production of concrete, cement paste, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, etc. are involved. For convenience, the explanation will be given using an example of the miniaturization of air bubbles in concrete, but of course, the fluid applied to the fluid fluctuating inertia force applying device 1 is not limited to this.

By applying the variable inertial force, the fluid 30 moves from an upward movement to a downward movement at an intermediate position between the peaks of the applied monotonous and reciprocating motion. When the direction changes and the downward acceleration starts to match the speed of free fall of the fluid 30, the state becomes instantaneously close to weightlessness. At this time, the large-diameter coarse aggregate 31a and the small-diameter coarse aggregate 31b (coarse aggregate 31) constituting the fluid 30, the fine aggregate 32 existing between the coarse aggregates 31, and the coarse aggregate 31 The frictional force due to gravity that was acting between the cement paste 33 interposed between the fine aggregate 32 and the fine aggregate 32 becomes almost zero (FIG. 7(A)). At the next moment, when the fluctuating inertial force reaches its peak (the position where the moving direction of the fluid 30 changes from downward to upward), these coarse aggregates 31, fine aggregates 32, and cement paste 33 The rearrangement is performed as a distribution where the two touch each other. During this process, the frictional force acting between them gradually fluctuates toward the maximum value, so in the middle of the process, the frictional force is gentle, i.e., in a liquid-phase flow state rather than a solid-phase state, and as the position increases. It flows down toward a stable state with a low energy state (FIG. 7(B)). This flow occurs around the air bubbles 34, mainly from the cement paste 33 and fine aggregate 32 from the fluid 30 into the air bubbles 34, and the air bubbles 34 are shifted in the direction of being buried, and the flowing flow On the body 30 side, the gas present in the bubbles 34 is replaced. If such fluid/gas exchange flow occurs at one location for one bubble 34, the original bubble will collapse and the gas will be displaced further upwards, resulting in the bubble 34 It appears to have moved upwards. Further, when the fluid/gas exchange flow for one bubble 34 occurs at a plurality of locations, the one bubble 34 is each displaced upward as if it had split into a plurality of smaller bubbles. By repeating the flow collapse in a chain like this, the bubbles become fine or reach the top and pass through the fluid 30.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram schematically showing the third mechanism of bubble refinement. There may be bubbles 41 that are not eliminated by the first and second mechanisms of bubble refinement in the fluid 40 described above. However, such bubbles 41 hardly exist in mortar that does not contain coarse aggregate. Therefore, it is considered that the main cause of the generation of the bubbles 41 is the presence of the coarse aggregate 42. In other words, the air bubbles 41 may be present in close proximity to the coarse aggregate 42, and air may be trapped in the coarse aggregates 42 by the presence of voids surrounded by some of the coarse aggregates 42. it is conceivable that. The bubbles 42 having such a structure are formed by gathering coarse aggregates 42 with relatively similar densities and using mortar (fine aggregate 43 and cement paste 44) as a binder material, which has a density similar to that of the coarse aggregates 42. has been achieved. From this, it is considered that the bubbles 41 do not collapse or are extremely difficult to collapse by the first mechanism and the second mechanism. As a mechanism for the disappearance of the bubbles 41 having such a configuration, it is effective to apply resonant vibration of a natural frequency to the coarse aggregate 42 that constitutes the bubbles 41.

In reality, bubbles are considered to become finer as a combination of the first, second, and third mechanisms, but here we will explain in more detail how to set the conditions for applying a fluctuating inertial force. . In the following, explanation will be given mainly with the above-mentioned first mechanism in mind, but portions that are applicable to the second and third mechanisms may also be understood by replacing them as appropriate. As mentioned above, in order to make bubbles finer, it is necessary to vibrate a force larger than the force acting on the bubbles to maintain the bubble state (hereinafter referred to as "bubble collapse resistance force"), that is, inertial force. shock, centrifugal force (however, it is often not possible to collapse the bubbles by applying an inertial force such as a steady centrifugal force. (It is preferable to make it into a state.) It is necessary to give it to the bubbles.

The collapse resistance of bubbles depends on the fluid's viscosity, specific gravity, mass of constituent elements, bubble size, bubble interfacial tension, bubble internal pressure, and in the case of solid-liquid mixed fluids containing solids such as aggregates. The parameters include the presence of gas trapped by engagement between solids and the degree to which gas is surrounded by solids. Therefore, it is possible to set or estimate as appropriate depending on the type of the target fluid and/or the size, shape, form, etc. of the bubbles. In the fluid fluctuating inertia force applying device 1, the fluctuating inertia force is controlled so that a force exceeding the collapse resistance force of the bubble is applied to the bubble.

The waveform of the fluctuating inertial force to be applied is not particularly limited, but as an example, simple harmonic motion is practical and efficient. In this case, for example, if the displacement of the vibration wave on the z-axis in FIG. 5 at time t is f(t), then
It can be expressed as Here, A is the amplitude, ω is the angular frequency corresponding to the frequency, and t is the vibration time. Therefore, vibration can be controlled by one or more conditions selected from amplitude, frequency (or wavelength), and vibration time. Considering that bubbles exist without collapsing in the presence of gravity, an acceleration exceeding at least 1 [G] (approximately 1 times the gravitational acceleration of the earth), preferably several G or more, is expected to occur in bubbles and voids. And/or it is preferable to apply vibration to the periphery of bubbles and voids.

In addition, let G(t) be the acceleration at time t when applying vibration to a fluid to give a variable inertial force, and the gravitational acceleration on the earth is G≒9.8 [m/sec/sec] , the acceleration G(t) [G] based on this is not particularly limited, but
It is effective, efficient, and preferable to set the relationship to satisfy the following relationship. Furthermore, if the amplitude at time t is A(t) [mm] and the angular frequency is ω(t) = 2πν [rad/sec] (here, ν [Hz] is the frequency), then the acceleration G (t) [G] is
It is expressed as From this, the frequency ν(t) is
It is expressed as When determining the frequency ν(t), for example, if you set G(t)=5/2・G[G], the frequency ν(t) is
is obtained. Here, assuming that the amplitude at time t=0 is A ₀ >0 and an arbitrary proportionality constant that is appropriately set is -A ₁ <0, suppose that the amplitude A(t) decreases over time. As,
From equation (6), the frequency ν(t) is given by
Therefore, the angular frequency ω [rad/sec] is
is given by Therefore, it can be seen from equation (7) or equation (8) that the frequency ν or the angular frequency ω increases as the time t increases. In this way, even if the acceleration G(t) is set as a constant that does not depend on time, if the amplitude decreases over time, the frequency and angular frequency will increase over time. It can be said that it is required to set it to do so. Therefore, when trying to set the acceleration G(t) to increase with the passage of time, the frequency ν and the angular frequency ω should be set using the equation (7) or (8) as the frequency ν and the angular frequency ω It can be seen that the increase is significantly greater than that shown in .

The amplitude is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, approximately one-tenth or more of the diameter of the bubble, and preferably approximately equal to or less than the diameter of the bubble. If the amplitude is smaller or larger than this range, the inertial force applied to the fluid will be insufficient and the force to collapse the bubbles will be weak, and the force to make the bubbles smaller will not be applied sufficiently, or Excessive excitation energy is applied, which is inefficient in terms of energy and is unreasonable as it may cause the constituent elements of the fluid to separate. Note that when the fluid is a mixture of a plurality of materials having different specific gravities, applying excessive vibration may cause the components to separate. By applying vibration, the bubbles gradually break up and become smaller, so the amplitude may be gradually reduced over time.

By the way, if the inertial force with respect to the entire system of the fluid that is the vibrated body is constant, the force per unit area, that is, the surface pressure acting everywhere in the system, can be considered to be approximately constant. Therefore, a large-diameter bubble has a large surface area and receives a relatively large force as a whole surface of the bubble, while a small-diameter bubble has a small surface area and receives a relatively small force as a whole surface area of the bubble. In other words, small-diameter bubbles are more difficult to collapse than large-diameter bubbles. Therefore, it is preferable to increase the acceleration that is the source of the inertial force in the process of subdividing the bubbles by applying an inertial force to the fluid, and as a result, increase the inertial force. At this time, if the amplitude is gradually decreased in accordance with the target bubble size, the acceleration can be increased by increasing the frequency accordingly.

Further, vibration can be controlled by the number of vibrations (frequency). Although the frequency is not particularly limited, for example, vibrations of about several tens of Hz may be applied. If the frequency is too high, if the fluid is composed of a plurality of components having different specific gravity, each component may be separated, which is not preferable. In addition, as mentioned above, when vibration is applied, the bubbles gradually become smaller, so as shown in equations (2) to (8), the vibration frequency is set to gradually increase accordingly. You may.

Further, the vibration can be controlled by the vibration time or the number of vibrations. The vibration time is also not particularly limited, and can range from several tens of seconds to several minutes, for example. When the fluid solidifies, it is necessary to set vibration conditions so that the bubbles are completely refined before the solidification reaction is completed. Of course, there are some fluids that do not solidify during shaking, so in this case, shaking may be performed at an appropriate time. Also, depending on the conditions, even if the vibration is continued for more than a certain period of time, there may be bubbles that remain without being extinguished, and in that case, it will lead to a loss of input energy, so it is necessary to stop the vibration after the required time. is preferred.

Furthermore, in one aspect of the present invention, conditions other than those described above may be further set to control vibration. For example, by heating or cooling the fluid, it is possible to change the interfacial tension and internal pressure of the bubbles inside and control vibrations to facilitate miniaturization. Alternatively, the pressure may be increased or decreased during vibration. Further, during vibration, an impact may be applied to the fluid by applying an impulse and/or an impact to the fluid. When an impact is applied to a fluid, the bubbles in the fluid are subjected to impact pressure, making them more likely to collapse. Impulses can be generated by applying vibrations to the fluid in waveforms such as rectangular waves or sawtooth waves. In addition to this, a shock wave may be applied. Impact can also be realized by configuring a system so that an object that vibrates together with the fluid causes a collision between the vibrating fluid and an object that is relatively displaced.

In this way, vibration is controlled according to one or more conditions selected from amplitude, frequency, and vibration time depending on the type of fluid and/or the size of bubbles. When a bubble is broken by vibration and becomes a bubble whose size is smaller than a certain level, it may not be possible to further reduce the size of the bubble using the previous amplitude and frequency. Therefore, the amplitude and frequency may be simultaneously controlled in accordance with the elapse of the vibration time so that even small-sized bubbles are subjected to an acceleration G that sufficiently exceeds the collapse resistance of the bubbles.

Furthermore, in order to efficiently miniaturize a plurality of bubbles of different sizes or to obtain a desired composite waveform, a vibration that is a combination of a plurality of vibration waves may be applied. That is, for each of the bubbles having a plurality of different diameters d ₁ , d ₂ , . . _. , _{d n} , the optimum amplitudes A ₁ , A _{2 , .} , ..., ω _n , the composite wave f(t) is expressed as
You can also set it as By applying vibration using such a composite wave, bubbles of various sizes can be simultaneously and efficiently miniaturized in a short time. Alternatively, it may be close to its limit (that is, n→∞ in equation (9)).

As explained above, in the bubble miniaturization method according to an embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to apply an inertial force F(t) as vibration under predetermined conditions to a fluid that is a vibrated body. The vibration conditions include frequency ν(t) (or angular frequency ω(t)), amplitude A(t), vibration time t, etc. (t)) and amplitude A(t) are calculated from these frequency ν (or angular frequency ω) and amplitude A and can be set as exceeding the earth's gravitational acceleration 1 [G]. There is a preferred acceleration G(t), and it is this acceleration G(t) that can define a variable inertial force F(t), for example, an inertial force F(t) whose direction is reversed vertically. Looking at the relationship between this inertial force F(t) and the time t for applying the inertial force F(t), the time t for applying the inertial force F(t) to the fluid body that is the vibrating body is In addition, it is necessary to exceed a sufficient predetermined time τ. Of course, if the predetermined time τ is significantly exceeded, it will warp and result in energy loss, so it is preferable to stop at around the predetermined time τ. Here, the essential meaning of time t in a vibration system is how many vibrations occur when vibration continues at frequency ν(t) from time t = 0 to t = τ. This is a parameter that indicates how many times the vibration reaches the upper and lower ends, where inertial force acts on the body. Therefore, for a fluid, the upper and lower ends are reached per vibration. Since the inertial force acts twice at the lower end, the acceleration at the frequency ν _k for the amplitude A _k for a bubble B _k of a certain size is expressed as G _k (G _k (t) > 1 [G] ), and when τ _k is the necessary and sufficient time for the target bubble B _k to be divided and subdivided,
It is also possible to think that. However, here, N is a dimensionless reference value, and it is necessary to consider from the summation whether inertial force due to acceleration exceeding 1 [G] is applied a sufficient number of times to each bubble B _k of each size. It is an indicator.

As mentioned above, by repeatedly applying inertial force to the fluid body being vibrated, most of the bubbles in the fluid are fragmented, and by repeating this fragmentation, the bubbles become finer. Realized. By micronizing the bubbles to the required range, the bubbles in the fluid are reduced to a necessary and sufficient level that does not cause problems in terms of aesthetics or quality, or are defoamed. However, even with the above measures, there may be bubbles that cannot be made fine. Such bubbles that can remain without being refined are rarely seen, especially when the fluid to be vibrated contains fine aggregate or coarse aggregate in a paste-like fluid. It is something that can be done. The structure and collapse method of this type of bubble (hereinafter referred to as residual bubble) will be described below.

As mentioned above, residual air bubbles are often formed when surrounded by multiple relatively large solid materials such as coarse aggregate, and paste is interposed between these coarse aggregates (3) mechanism). In this case, the relative positions of the coarse aggregates surrounding the remaining bubbles do not collapse even when an inertia force of sufficiently exceeding 1 [G] is applied, and residual bubbles are generated. Therefore, in order to collapse and fragment the remaining bubbles that exist under such conditions, it is necessary to shake and displace the coarse aggregate surrounding the remaining bubbles, or to change the relative positional relationship. It is necessary to destroy the structure formed by the coarse aggregate (hereinafter referred to as the bubble trapping structure).

Therefore, if the mass of the coarse aggregate η surrounding the residual air bubbles is m _η , the natural frequency ν _η of the coarse aggregate η is, for example,
By inputting the vibration V corresponding to this natural frequency ν _η to the fluid that is the vibrating body, the coarse aggregate existing in the fluid whose mass is close to m _η can be removed from the outside. It resonates with the forced vibration V of By greatly shaking the coarse aggregate η, which is a part of it, an interfacial inertia force proportional to the mass of the coarse aggregate, which is an element existing near the interface of residual air bubbles, is applied, causing the bubble trapping structure to collapse. As a result, any remaining bubbles formed by this bubble trapping structure can also be collapsed.

Here, k in Equation (11) is derived from the viscoelasticity due to the mutual relationship in the bubble trapping structure of the paste, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, etc. that constitute the fluid, and is derived from the viscoelasticity of the fluid. Assuming that it is almost uniform within the system, this can be determined in advance through experiments, etc., and if its value is known, the natural frequency ν _η of each element η in the fluid is It can be known through prior measurement that it is proportional to the reciprocal of the square root of the mass m _η , and in the case of materials such as coarse aggregate, the natural frequency ν _η is a relatively small value; In the case of objects, it is a relatively large value. Therefore, since it is efficient to proceed with fragmentation starting from large bubbles, the natural frequency ν _η applied to the fluid targets the larger coarse aggregate among the elements present in the fluid. It is preferable to set a corresponding value as , gradually change the target coarse aggregate to a lighter one, and change the frequency input as the forced vibration V. At this time, the forced vibration V to be input does not necessarily have to be along the direction of the vibration that is giving the inertial force to the fluid, but it may be parallel to this direction, perpendicular to this direction, or inclined. You may do so. It goes without saying that the term "aggregate" here may also be read as ingredients, members, reinforcing materials, waste materials, etc.

The fluid variable inertia force applying device 1 can be used in the production of precast products, such as precast concrete. Conventionally, during the production of concrete, when the concrete solidifies due to entrapment air mixed in during molding, depressions or cavities remain on the surface or inside of the concrete. Since this is not desirable, for example, decorative treatments and the like are manually applied to the concrete surface, which is extremely time consuming and costly.

Therefore, by applying a variable inertial force to the entire fluid (fresh concrete), the air bubbles in the fluid can be made finer and disappear, so that the air bubbles on the surface of the concrete are also made finer and there is no problem in terms of appearance. can do. Furthermore, by setting appropriate amplitude, frequency, and vibration time, bubbles can be efficiently eliminated in a short time. Furthermore, according to the fluid variable inertia force applying device 1, it has a negative effect on entrained air, which is said to have a bubble diameter of about 0.025 mm to 0.25 mm, assuming that the bubble is spherical. It is possible to miniaturize and eliminate bubbles with a noticeable size of 1 mm or more.

Of course, the fluid fluctuating inertia force applying device 1 can be applied to other applications than concrete production. Furthermore, there are no limitations on the type of fluid, blending ratio, production amount, etc., and fluids can appropriately apply variable inertial force (vibration) to the devices and instruments used depending on the type of fluid. You can add a configuration like this.

The above-mentioned concrete includes not only concrete that can be hardened by adding water, filler, or ordinary aggregate to cement, but also concrete such as Roman concrete, fiber-reinforced concrete, and polymer concrete. It also includes mortar that uses only fine aggregate and cement paste that does not use aggregate. As the aggregate, any material that is commonly used for concrete or that is conventionally known may be used, and sand, gravel, crushed stone, crushed glass, rubble, artificial materials, waste materials, etc. can be used. be. Further, the cement is not particularly limited, and for example, Portland cement, Roman cement, resin cement, etc. can be used.

The fluid variable inertia force applying device 1 can be suitably used for manufacturing so-called concrete secondary products. For example, piles, pipes, flat plates, retaining walls, deck slabs, floor plates, wall parapets, concrete blocks, box culverts, arch culverts, culverts, Hume pipes (pipes made of reinforced concrete), flumes, cable troughs, communal ditches, curtain walls. (curtain walls, curtain walls), exterior walls, concrete bridges, bridge girders, tunnel segments (shield tunnels), water pipes, drainage pipes, storage tanks, water tanks, drainage basins, street culverts, radioactive waste containers, nuclear shelters, utility poles , pavement (road), side gutters, side gutter covers, manholes, assembled manholes, manhole covers, box manholes, boundary blocks, curbs, car stop blocks, rooting blocks, interlocking blocks, vegetation blocks, protective fences, sheet piles, soundproofing materials, It is applicable to the production of wave blocks, seawall blocks, sleepers, and objects (statues). Further, in addition to the above-mentioned examples, the present invention can be suitably applied to the manufacture of various products, such as products molded using molds (precast products). For example, artificial stone, artificial marble, tiles, ceramics, porcelain, gutter members, lids, toilet bowls, tombstones, torii gates, bronze statues, Buddhist statues, plaster statues and plaster products, glass products, various metals such as iron, aluminum, copper, etc. It can be applied to all kinds of products such as castings, die-cast products, etc. that are manufactured by solidifying and molding fluids. By applying the fluid fluctuating inertial force applying device 1 to remove air bubbles, it is possible not only to improve the appearance but also to prevent a decrease in strength due to the formation of cavities, thereby providing a high-quality product.

Further, the fluid variable inertia force applying device 1 can be used, for example, with two-component mixed resins such as epoxy resins, silicones, rubbers, cosmetics such as lipsticks and mascara, soaps, colored pencils, paints such as paints, sealants, It can also be applied to chemical products such as lubricants and conductive agents. That is, the present invention is not limited to only those that solidify, but can also be applied to those that have a viscosity that allows air bubbles to be retained inside.

Furthermore, the fluid variable inertia force applying device 1 can be applied not only to industrial products but also to food manufacturing processes. For example, it can be applied to products where ingredients are mixed and solidified, such as when making tofu by adding bittern to soy milk, and there are no depressions or cavities caused by air bubbles mixed in when solidified. Foods such as tofu with a fine surface and excellent appearance can be provided. In addition to tofu, it can also be applied to the production of foods such as pastes such as kamaboko, konnyaku, candy, and honey. Removing air bubbles not only improves the appearance, but also improves the uniformity of volume and mass distribution, and prevents oxidative deterioration due to air bubbles, thereby providing high quality products. be able to.

Hereinafter, the fluid fluctuating inertia force applying device 1 will be described in more detail using examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

The following describes the procedure for manufacturing a specimen, the excitation procedure, and the recording and photographing procedure when fresh concrete is selected as the fluid. Of course, as mentioned above, the present invention is not limited in any way by the type of fluid, blending ratio, production amount, etc. in the examples, and the fluid conforms to standards such as ISO and JIS depending on the type etc. , a work procedure manual, a protocol, a recipe, etc., as appropriate. Further, the excitation procedure and the recording procedure are also just examples.

[Step 1]
Cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and water were thoroughly kneaded in the weight ratio shown in Table 1 to prepare ready-mixed concrete.

[Step 2]
A cylindrical concrete specimen forming form (container 4) with a diameter of 100 mm and a height of 100 mm was placed in a dedicated form holder.
[Step 3]
A required weight of about 2 kg of ready-mixed concrete, which had been thoroughly mixed in advance, was poured into the container 4.
[Step 4]
The conventional procedure is to level the poured fresh concrete with a ram, but if you use the process of stirring and leveling with a ram, air bubbles may or may not remain depending on the mixing method, and some may remain. It also affects the difference in bubble size, making it difficult to quantify, and when measuring bubble miniaturization, if the original bubbles are defoamed too much due to stirring, the bubble miniaturization effect may be difficult to quantify. The stirring process using a poking rod was not performed because it would no longer serve the purpose of measuring the foaming effect. Therefore, in step 4, a piece of Styrofoam is inserted between the storage container 4 and a dedicated formwork holder for the ready-mixed concrete, which is a fluid poured into the storage container 4. By hitting the outer surface of the housing container 4 with a mallet, minute impact vibrations were indirectly applied so that the ready-mixed concrete was spread throughout the container 4.
[Step 5]
This uncured state was used as a specimen. When applying vibrations or the like, the specimen was placed together with the container 4 on the installation stand 10 of the fluid variable inertia force applying device 1 and fixed to the installation stand 10 via the jig 12 .
[Step 6]
In this state, vertical simple harmonic motion was applied to the specimen according to preset vibration conditions.
[Step 7]
After the vibration, the fluid was immediately removed from the jig 12 along with the storage container 4, and left to stand for a necessary and sufficient curing period in a non-vibration system.
[Step 8]
During demolding, the mold was placed on a stand, and the specimen was demolded from the mold while splitting the mold along the half-cuts of the mold.
[Step 9]
The demolded specimen is placed on the center of a rotating stage, and the rotating stage is rotated in a horizontal plane at predetermined rotation angles, and each time the peripheral surface of the specimen is photographed from a fixed point from the front. I took and recorded photos over the course of more than a lap.
[Step 10]
Among the images taken for the entire circumference of each test specimen, circumferential images from the phase in which the largest number of bubbles remained were organized in a table for each vibration condition.

The time was constant, and the total amplitude was 1.0 to 5.0 mm in 0.5 mm increments under each frequency condition of 10, 20, and 30 Hz. The results are summarized in Figure 9. As can be seen from FIG. 9, under vibration conditions of 1 [G] or less or close to 1 [G], the bubbles are hardly miniaturized and remain as they are. Further, when an acceleration of a predetermined value or higher is applied, there are no large-sized bubbles that were originally present, and on the other hand, relatively small segmented bubbles remain. Note that the amplitude here means the total amplitude (peak to peak), and corresponds to twice the so-called normal amplitude.

Next, for the vibration conditions of a total amplitude of 3.5 mm at frequencies of 20 Hz and 30 Hz, which are the conditions in which the bubbles were relatively finely refined in Figure 9, the vibration time was changed from 30 seconds to 60 seconds at 30 second intervals. Then, vibration was applied in 60 second increments from 60 seconds to 300 seconds. The results are summarized in Figure 10. As can be seen from FIG. 10, in the case of 20 Hz, bubbles of the size remaining at 30 seconds remain almost evenly from 60 seconds to 300 seconds thereafter. In other words, even if you continue to apply vibrations of a certain frequency, with a certain amplitude and a certain acceleration, a larger size than the originally existing (relatively large target before the vibration) will be generated. It can be seen that although the bubbles are uniformly defoamed, smaller bubbles smaller than a certain size may remain.

Next, in contrast to the previous step in which vibration was applied for 30 seconds under the conditions of vibration of a total amplitude of 3.5 mm at a frequency of 30 Hz, which is the condition in which the bubbles were relatively finely refined in Fig. 9, the total amplitude was further increased. While lowering the vibration to 0.4 mm, the vibration frequency was set at an appropriate value from 30 Hz to 262 Hz, and vibration was applied for 30 seconds in the post-process. The results are summarized in Figure 11. As can be seen from Figure 11, although it appears that the bubbles have been partially refined or defoamed, in reality, the bubbles of the same size that remained in the previous process remain after the post process. It is thought that there are. In other words, it can be seen that if the amplitude of vibration is too small compared to the bubble size, the bubbles will not be made finer or disappear even if vibrations with a significantly large frequency or acceleration are applied.

Furthermore, under the vibration conditions of a total amplitude of 3.5 mm at a frequency of 20 Hz, that is, an acceleration of 2.8 [G], which is the condition in which the bubbles were relatively finely refined in FIG. 9, sufficient vibration time was observed in FIG. In other words, the previous stroke was a vibration condition in which vibration was applied for 180 seconds, and then the total amplitude was changed from 1.8 mm to 1.5 mm under a vibration condition in which the acceleration was constant at 2.8 [G]. It was lowered in 0.2 mm increments until it reached 0 mm, and was vibrated for an additional 120 seconds as a post-step. The results are summarized in Figure 12. As can be seen from Figure 12, the acceleration in both the front and rear steps is set to 2.8 [G], which is moderately larger than 1 [G], and the amplitude in the rear step is set to about half that of the front step. As a result, the bubbles of the largest size that would have remained in the previous process in the non-excitation state were fragmented, but the bubbles of the size that remained as fragmented bubbles were It can be seen that after the post-process, further subdivision proceeded almost uniformly, resulting in miniaturization. On the other hand, it can be seen that even finer air bubbles remain in common in all the specimens that have undergone other processes. In other words, it can be said that bubbles remain small enough to not react under vibration conditions where the amplitude is between 1.0 mm and 1.8 mm. In order to further refine these fine bubbles, it is sufficient to apply vibrations with a smaller amplitude and an acceleration of a certain level or higher.

In FIG. 12, the relatively large bubbles in the specimen with an amplitude of 1.8 mm in the post-process are residual bubbles that remain after the pre-process and post-process. Bubbles that can remain without being made into fine particles are rarely seen, especially when the fluid to be vibrated contains fine aggregate or coarse aggregate in a paste-like fluid. It is. In order to collapse this type of residual air bubbles, it is effective to destroy the air bubble trapping structure formed by the aggregate surrounding the residual air bubbles, especially coarse aggregate. It is preferable to apply vibration at the natural frequency of the aggregate to cause resonance.

Next, in Figure 9, the vibration conditions of a total amplitude of 3.5 mm at a frequency of 30 Hz, that is, an acceleration of 6.3 [G], which is the condition in which the bubbles were relatively finely refined in Fig. 9, were applied for 180 seconds. On the other hand, in the post process, the total amplitude was further reduced to 1.8 mm, which is about half of the amplitude in the previous process, and the frequency was set to 42 Hz to maintain the acceleration at 6.3 [G]. It was vibrated for 120 seconds. The results are summarized in Figure 13. As can be seen from Figure 13, the acceleration in both the front and rear steps is set to 6.3 [G], which is sufficiently larger than 1 [G], and the amplitude in the rear step is set to about half that of the front step. As a result, the bubbles of the largest size that would have remained in the previous process in the non-excitation state were fragmented, but the bubbles of the size that remained as fragmented bubbles were It can be seen that after the post-process, further subdivision proceeded almost uniformly, resulting in miniaturization. Of course, if you look closely at the surface, you can see the microscopic bubbles left behind as a result of sufficient microfabrication. The size of the remaining fine bubbles is less than 0.7 mm, which is fully acceptable for use as a concrete product. In addition, as can be seen from the results in Figures 12 and 13, assuming that the vibration conditions are appropriate, the vibration conditions, that is, the amplitude, are reduced as the vibration time passes to match the target bubble size. However, it can be said that it is effective to change the frequency so as to maintain the acceleration above a certain level.

In addition, as another example, a fluid consisting only of cement, fine aggregate, and water without coarse aggregate is injected into a rectangular parallelepiped formwork, and immediately after that, a fluid with a total amplitude of 2.0 mm and a frequency of 30 Hz is poured. Figure 14 summarizes the results of applying vertical vibrations to the entire storage container. In this example, since there is no coarse aggregate in the fluid, if the vibration is continued for a predetermined period of time or longer, the bubbles will become fine and defoamed to the extent that they are almost invisible.

FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing the system configuration of the fluid variable inertia force applying device 1 according to this embodiment. The fluid fluctuating inertia force applying device 1 includes a control section 50 that centrally controls each section. The control unit 50 is connected to the reciprocating actuator 14 , the storage unit 52 , the measurement unit 54 , the input unit 56 , and the display unit 58 . The storage unit 52 is a storage device such as a random access memory (RAM), a read only memory (ROM), a semiconductor memory device such as a flash memory, a hard disk, etc. settings (amplitude, frequency, acceleration, vibration direction, number of vibrations, waveform, vibration time, etc.), threshold for the size of bubbles in the fluid, inertial force information associated with the vibration of the reciprocating actuator 14 (number of vibrations, vibration time, etc.), (time, etc.) are memorized.

The detection unit 54 detects the physical state of the fluid in the container 4, and here, detects the size of air bubbles in the fluid. Therefore, the detection unit 54 includes a camera capable of photographing the fluid in the storage container 4 from the outside, an arithmetic circuit that detects bubbles from the photographed image, and analyzes the size of the bubbles, and the like. Note that the physical state may be the magnitude of acceleration acting on the fluid, in which case the detection unit 54 detects the acceleration acting on the fluid based on the acceleration output from the acceleration sensor installed in the storage container 4. do.

The input unit 56 receives an operation from an operator and outputs the content of the operation to the CPU 50. The input unit 56 includes a keyboard, a mouse, a lever, a touch sensor provided integrally with the display, and/or a microphone for performing voice input.

The display unit 58 is a display that displays various screens such as an operation screen and a menu screen, and specifically includes, for example, a liquid crystal display (LCD), an organic EL (Electroluminescence) display, and the like. Further, a speaker for outputting audio guidance may be provided together with the display section 58.

Next, vibration control (control of variable inertia force application) by the fluid variable inertia force application device 1 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. The control unit 50 of the fluid variable inertial force applying device 1 reads the vibration settings from the storage unit 52 and excites the installation base 10 via the reciprocating actuator 14 so that it can vibrate according to the settings. (Step S1). Note that instead of reading the vibration settings from the storage unit 52, the vibration settings may be input to the input unit 56. In that case, the control unit 50 displays input fields for the fluctuation width and the number of fluctuations, guidance for inputting the fluctuation, etc. on the display unit 58, and receives input from the input unit 56.

Further, as for the fluctuations caused by the reciprocating actuator 14, the fluctuation width and/or the number of fluctuations are set so as to apply an acceleration of more than 1 [G] to the fluid due to the fluctuating inertial force according to the above-described embodiment. As a result, the installation table 10 moves vertically, that is, reciprocates, and the container 4 fixed to the installation table 10 reciprocates in the vertical direction. A fluctuating inertial force is uniformly applied to the fluid contained in the container 4 by reciprocating in the vertical direction over the entire fluid, thereby making the bubbles in the fluid fine or extinguishing them.

The control unit 50 detects air bubbles in the fluid in the container 4 using the detection unit 54 (step S2). The control unit 50 measures the size of each detected bubble, and determines whether there is a bubble with a size equal to or larger than a threshold value (step S3). When a bubble having a size equal to or larger than the threshold value exists (step S3, Yes), the control unit 50 returns to step S2 and continues detecting the size of the bubble in the fluid.

When there are no bubbles larger than the threshold value (step S3, No), the control unit 50 controls the drive of the reciprocating actuator 14 based on the size of the bubbles that are present, and changes the fluctuation settings. (Step S4). That is, the control unit 50 changes the fluctuation setting when the detected bubble size is less than the bubble size threshold stored in the storage unit 52. This is because once the size of the bubbles is reduced to a predetermined size, the size of the bubbles will not change even if the vibration is continued.

Therefore, when the size of the bubble becomes less than the threshold value, the number of fluctuations and/or the width of fluctuation is changed while maintaining the acceleration above a certain level. The change at this time can be either to reduce the number of variations and increase the range of variation, or to increase the number of variations and reduce the range of variation, but based on the results shown in Figures 12 and 13 above, the range of variation is reduced. It is preferable to increase the number of fluctuations. The control unit 50 repeats the operations in steps S1 to S4 described above until the detected bubbles become smaller than a desired size, and ends the vibration processing when the detected bubbles become smaller than a desired size.

Note that the control unit 50 may control fluctuations so that the acceleration can change. Therefore, the acceleration and/or the variation width may be changed while the variation number is held constant, or the acceleration and/or the variation number may be changed while the variation width is held constant. Note that if the acceleration is less than 1 [G] (one time the gravitational acceleration on the earth), the bubbles will not become finer or disappear, so the acceleration is set to exceed 1 [G]. Furthermore, the control by the control unit 50 monitors and controls not only the size of bubbles but also abnormal operations and abnormal movements of the fluid, such as separation of components constituting the fluid and abnormal flow. It is preferable to configure If an abnormal phenomenon is detected, it may be set to deal with it by changing the number of fluctuations, fluctuation width, acceleration, etc., or by stopping the fluctuation itself.

When the fluid has such high transparency that bubbles inside the fluid can be seen from the outside, the control unit 50 measures the size of the bubbles in the fluid using the measuring unit 54 as described above, and adjusts the size of the bubbles according to the size of the bubbles. By performing feedback control in which fluctuations are set based on the flow rate, the bubbles in the fluid can be reliably miniaturized to less than a desired size or defoamed. Therefore, products with good appearance and high quality can be manufactured efficiently at low cost.

Incidentally, the acceleration control may be performed without using the feedback control. For example, the fluctuation time may be measured as inertial force information, and the fluctuation settings may be changed according to the fluctuation time. The acceleration control based on variable time will be explained with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. The control unit 50 reads the fluctuation settings from the storage unit 52, and moves the installation base 10 via the reciprocating actuator 14 so that the fluctuation settings can be varied according to the settings (step SA1). Note that instead of reading the fluctuation settings from the storage section 52, the fluctuation settings may be input to the input section 56.

The control unit 50 measures the fluctuation time from the start of the movement of the variable table 10 using the time measurement function (step SA2), and determines whether the fluctuation time has reached a threshold value (for example, 30 seconds) (step SA3). When the variation time is less than the threshold (step SA3, No), the control unit 50 continues to determine whether the variation time has reached the threshold.

When the variation time reaches the threshold (Step SA3, Yes), the control unit 50 changes the variation setting (Step SA4). Therefore, the number of fluctuations and/or the width of fluctuation is changed while maintaining the acceleration above a certain level as the fluctuation time passes. Further, after changing the setting of the fluctuation, the control unit 50 performs the fluctuation for a predetermined time and ends the acceleration control.

Note that the relationship between the fluctuation time and the fluctuation setting can be set as appropriate, and may be set depending on the type and property of the fluid, the size of bubbles due to miniaturization, etc. Note that it is preferable to set the refinement or defoaming of bubbles in fresh concrete in consideration of the acceleration, number of fluctuations, fluctuation width, fluctuation time, etc. shown in FIGS. 9 to 14 and their explanations.

In addition, in the above-mentioned acceleration control that does not use feedback control, the case where variation time is applied has been explained as an example, but the present invention is not limited to this. ), the fluctuation may be changed. Furthermore, in the vibration control, an acceleration sensor may be provided in the storage container, and the vibration control may be performed while the control unit 50 monitors the acceleration measured by the acceleration sensor. For example, when a difference occurs between the set acceleration and the measured acceleration, acceleration control is performed so that the measured acceleration becomes the set acceleration.

In the embodiment described above, the variation may be read as vibration, the application may be read as excitation, the number of changes may be read as frequency, and the width of variation may be read as amplitude. Although the explanation has been given using an example of a case where the configuration is configured with the following, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, as shown in FIG. 18(a), four cylinders 62 are arranged to surround the center of the installation base 10, and a removable fixing plate 64 is installed to bridge between the cylinders 62. A tool 60 may also be configured. Further, a holding portion 64a is provided on the lower surface of the fixed plate 64. The holding portion 64a is made of resin, rubber, or the like and has elasticity, and protrudes downward along the surface direction of the fixing plate 64.

When equipped with this jig 60, when placing the storage container 4 on the mounting table 10, the fixing plate 64 is first removed to open the upper space surrounded by the four cylinders 62, and the storage container 4 is placed through the upper space. 4 is placed in the center of the space surrounded by the cylinder 62. Alternatively, it is placed in the center of the space surrounded by the cylinders 62 by passing between the cylinders 62 along the horizontal direction. By installing the fixing plate 64, the pressing portion 64a presses the container 4 downward, that is, toward the installation stand 10 side. Therefore, the storage container 4 is clamped and fixed between the installation base 10 and the fixing plate 64.

Note that the number of columns 62 is not limited to four and can be set as appropriate, and the method of installing the fixing plate 64 can also be set as appropriate. For example, as shown in FIG. 18(b), three cylindrical parts 62 are arranged on the mounting table 10, and a connecting plate (not shown) is installed between any of the cylindrical parts 62, and connected to the fixed plate 64. A jig may be constructed by connecting the plates with each other via a hinge 66. In this way, the fixed plate 64 may be arranged so as to be openable and closable.

Further, the jig is not limited to one that presses and fixes the upper surface of the storage container 4. For example, as shown in FIG. 19, when the storage container 4 is provided with a rib 4a at the lower end, the jig 70 may be one that engages with the rib 4a to restrict vertical movement of the storage container 4. . That is, the jig 70 is fixed to the mounting table 10 and includes an upright portion 72 that stands vertically, and a locking claw 74 formed at the tip of the upright portion 72.

The distal end of the locking claw 74 projects inward in the surface direction of the outer peripheral surface of the mounting table 10 . Therefore, a space is formed between the locking claw 74 and the mounting table 10 into which the rib 4a can be inserted. By fitting the rib 4a into the space, the storage container 4 is engaged with the jig 70, and movement in the vertical direction (vibration direction) is restricted and fixed. Of course, the position of the rib 4a of the storage container 4 is not limited to the lower end, but can be appropriately set to the upper end, between the lower end and the upper end, or the like. Further, in the jig 70, the length of the upright portion 72 in the height direction is set so as to correspond to the position of the rib 4a in the height direction.

The explanation has been given using an example in which one of the number of fluctuations, the width of fluctuation, and the acceleration that define the fluctuating inertia force is kept at a predetermined value while the other is changed, but of course, the present invention is not limited to this. do not have. That is, two elements among the number of fluctuations, the width of fluctuation, and the acceleration may be kept at a predetermined value. In this case, once the two elements are determined, the remaining elements are also determined, and the number of fluctuations, the width of fluctuation, and the acceleration are all held constant.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1...Fluid variable inertia force applying device, 4...Accommodation container, 10...Installation stand, 12, 60, 70...Jig, 14...Reciprocating actuator, 14a...Drive rod, 16...Wall portion, 16a...Groove, 18... Closing part, 18a... Side part, 18b... Lid part, 20, 30, 40... Fluid, 22, 34, 41... Air bubbles, 31, 42... Coarse aggregate, 32, 43... Fine aggregate, 33, 44... Cement paste, 50... Control section, 52... Storage section, 54... Measurement section, 56... Input section, 58... Display section, 62... Cylindrical section, 64... Fixing plate, 64a... Holding section, 66... Hinge, 72 ...Upright portion, 74...Locking piece.

Claims (14)

an installation stand for installing and fixing a container containing a fluid containing bubbles and/or voids;
In the container installed on the installation stand, a variable inertial force is uniformly applied to the entire fluid in the vertical direction, the combined direction of the vertical and horizontal directions, and/or the rotational direction in the vertical plane. Inertial force applying means;
A variable inertia force applying device having:
The above-mentioned inertial force applying means is a variable inertial force characterized in that it applies an inertial force with an acceleration of twice the earth's gravitational acceleration (2G) or more with a total amplitude within the range of 1.0 to 5.0 mm. Granting device. A control means and/or drive for keeping any one of the fluctuation range, number of fluctuations per unit time, and acceleration constant and changing the other while defining the inertia force applied to the entire fluid by the inertia force applying means. 2. The variable inertia force applying device according to claim 1, further comprising means for applying variable inertial force. comprising a detection means for detecting the size of bubbles in the fluid in the container and/or the acceleration applied to the fluid;
The control means and/or the drive means may control any one of the number of fluctuations, the width of fluctuation per unit time, and the acceleration when the size of the bubble and/or the acceleration detected by the detection means are in a predetermined state. The variable inertia force applying device according to claim 2 , characterized in that the above-mentioned changes are made. a counter that measures inertial force information starting from the time when the inertial force applying means starts applying inertial force;
3. The control means and/or the drive means change one or more of the number of fluctuations, the width of fluctuation, and the acceleration when the inertial force information obtained by the counter exceeds a threshold value. Variable inertia force applying device. The variable inertial force applying device according to claim 4, wherein the inertial force information is the time and/or the number of times the variable inertial force is applied to the installation base by the inertial force applying means. . The inertial force applying means is a variable unit that moves the installation base to reciprocate in a predetermined direction,
comprising a fixing means that can detachably fix the container to the variable part,
The above fixing means is
an upright part for fixing the container within a predetermined range;
6. The variable inertial force applying device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a holding portion capable of holding a container placed within the predetermined range while pressing it in a variable direction. an installation stand on which a container containing a fluid containing bubbles is installed;
The installation table is reciprocated in a predetermined direction, and a variable inertial force is uniformly applied to the fluid in the container in the vertical direction, the composite direction of the vertical and horizontal directions, and/or the rotational direction in the vertical plane. a variable part as a variable force imparting means;
fixing means capable of detachably fixing the container to the variable part;
The variable part applies a variable inertial force due to an acceleration of twice the earth's gravitational acceleration (2G) or more,
The above fixing means is
an upright part for fixing the container within a predetermined range;
A variable inertia force applying device comprising: a holding portion capable of holding the container disposed within the predetermined range while pressing the container in a variable direction. A fluid containing air bubbles and/or voids contained in a container is subjected to a uniformly fluctuating inertial force in the vertical direction, a composite direction of the vertical and horizontal directions, and/or a rotational direction in the vertical plane. A variable inertia force applying device having an inertia force applying means for applying,
The above-mentioned inertial force applying means is a variable inertial force characterized in that it applies an inertial force with an acceleration of twice the earth's gravitational acceleration (2G) or more with a total amplitude within the range of 1.0 to 5.0 mm. Granting device. An inertial force applying device having an installation stand for installing and fixing a container containing a fluid containing bubbles and/or voids,
An inertial force of twice the earth's gravitational acceleration (2G) or more can be applied to the above fluid, and one or more of the fluctuation range, number of fluctuations per unit time, and acceleration that define the inertial force is kept constant. and perform an inertia force applying step of uniformly applying a variable inertia force to the entire fluid in the vertical direction, a composite direction of the vertical and horizontal directions, and/or a rotational direction in the vertical plane. A variable inertia force imparting program characterized by: A claim characterized in that the step of applying inertial force keeps any one of a fluctuation range, a number of fluctuations per unit time, and acceleration constant, while changing the other, which defines the inertial force to be applied to the fluid. The variable inertia force imparting program according to item 9. further performing a detection step of detecting the size of bubbles in the fluid in the container and/or the acceleration applied to the fluid;
The step of applying inertial force is characterized in that when the detected size of the bubble and/or the acceleration are in a predetermined state, one or more of the number of fluctuations, the width of fluctuation per unit time, and the acceleration is changed. The variable inertia force application program according to claim 9 or 10. Further performing a step of measuring inertial force information starting from the time when the application of the inertial force starts,
Variable inertia according to any one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that when the inertia force information exceeds a threshold value, any one or more of the number of variations, the width of variation per unit time, and acceleration is changed. Empowerment program. 13. The variable inertial force application program according to claim 12, wherein the inertial force information is the time and/or the number of times the variable inertial force is applied to the installation base. 14. The variable inertia force application program according to claim 9, wherein the variable inertia force is applied by reciprocating the installation base in a predetermined direction.

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