JP2006225412A - Dry distillation system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a dry distillation system that allows stable operation over a long period of time and sure purification of dry-distilled gas without causing cost increase. <P>SOLUTION: A cylindrical dry distillation furnace (10) horizontally installed and sealed has a feeding port part (10A) of wastes formed on one end side and a discharging port part (10C) of residues formed on the other end side. A spiral feeder (60) is arranged for forwarding wastes by rotation thereof towards the other end of the dry distillation furnace from just under the feeding port part inside the dry distillation furnace. A burner (23) and a catalyst (24) are built-in at the other end side of the dry distillation furnace. A heating pipe (33) for heating the wastes forwarded by the feeder with a heat of combustion gas of the burner is arranged towards the one end of the dry distillation furnace from the outlet of the catalyst inside the dry distillation furnace. A taking-out port part (10B) of the dry-distilled gas is formed at the one end side of the dry distillation furnace. Thus, impurities in the dry-distilled gas are made to adhere to the wastes and removed by taking out the dry-distilled gas of the wastes after passing it through the wastes fed from the feeding port part. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a dry distillation system, and more particularly to a system that can be stably operated over a long period of time and does not incur a high cost and can reliably purify dry distillation gas.

  Wastes from hospitals and other facilities, such as disposable diapers, are completely sterilized by incineration and then disposed of by landfill. However, not only does the processing cost become very high, but the landfill location is limited. Tend to be.

  In addition, organic waste such as sludge derived from industrial waste, manure from livestock facilities, beer lees, shochu, other residues at food production facilities, and household waste from households is treated by incineration or landfill. However, in the case of incineration, harmful substances such as dioxins are a big problem.

  On the other hand, a helical screw is rotatably mounted in a cylindrical barrel furnace, this barrel furnace is installed horizontally, waste is introduced from one end of the barrel furnace, and directed to the other end by the screw. A carbonization system has been proposed that collects combustible dry distillation gas and processes the reduced residue by landfill or the like (Patent Document 1).

Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 63-21544

  However, in the carbonization system described in the above-mentioned conventional publication, since the carbonization gas contains tar, soot and the like, clogging occurs in the ceramic filter provided at the gas distillation gas outlet and the operation of the carbonization furnace becomes unstable. In addition, there is a problem that the cost is high because the ceramic filter needs to be replaced frequently.

  In view of such problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a dry distillation system that can be stably operated over a long period of time, does not incur high costs, and can reliably purify dry distillation gas.

  Therefore, the carbonization system according to the present invention is a carbonization system in which waste is carbonized by heating in a state where the supply of oxygen is shut off, and includes a carbonization furnace that is horizontally installed and sealed in a cylindrical shape, A waste inlet is formed at one end of the carbonization furnace, a residue outlet after dry distillation is formed at the other end, and a spiral for sending waste by rotation inside the carbonization furnace. A feeder is disposed from directly under the charging port to the other end of the carbonization furnace, and a burner that generates high-temperature combustion gas is purified at the other end of the carbonization furnace, and the combustion gas of the burner is purified. A catalyst is built in, and further, a heating tube for heating waste sent by the feeder with the heat of the combustion gas of the burner is provided from the outlet of the catalyst toward one end of the distillation furnace. On one end side of A distillate gas outlet is provided, and the dry carbonized gas of the waste is taken out through the waste introduced from the inlet, whereby impurities of the dry distillate gas are attached to the waste and removed. It is characterized by that.

  Wastes include kitchen leftovers at cafeterias and hotels, leftovers for school lunches at schools and hospitals, supermarkets, department stores, grocery stores, etc. that have passed the warranty period, sludge derived from industrial waste, and livestock facilities. Manure discharged, beer cake, shochu, other leftovers at food production facilities, household garbage from households, waste from hospitals and other facilities such as infectious waste, disposable diapers, drinking water bottles, etc. Is included.

  One of the features of the present invention is that the carbonization gas is taken out from the waste inlet side through the waste that has been thrown in. As a result, since impurities such as tar and soot contained in the dry distillation gas are adhered to the waste and removed, the dry distillation gas can be purified without using a filter, and as a result, the filter is not clogged. In addition, the carbonization furnace can be stably operated over a long period of time, and there is no increase in cost due to filter replacement.

  Another feature of the present invention resides in that a burner and a catalyst are built in the dry distillation furnace. As a result, the heat of the burner and the catalyst does not escape wastefully outside the furnace, and the dry distillation furnace can be operated with high thermal efficiency.

  Further, another feature of the present invention is that waste is sent by rotating a spiral feeder. Thereby, each process from the stirring of the input waste to dry distillation and discharge can be controlled smoothly and accurately.

  Specifically, a spring feeder obtained by processing a spring member into a spiral shape is used as the spiral feeder. Thereby, a waste can be smoothly sent, without clogging a waste between a carbonization furnace inner wall and a feeder. Further, the pitch of the spiral feeder may be equal pitch or unequal pitch. For example, by changing the pitch of the spiral feeder in the furnace longitudinal direction, for example, the waste feed rate is gradually increased toward the center of the dry distillation furnace immediately after charging, and gradually decreased from the center of the furnace toward the other end of the dry distillation furnace. For example, the feed rate of waste can be arbitrarily controlled at each site in the longitudinal direction of the furnace.

  Still another feature of the present invention is that the waste is heated and dry-distilled by contact with a heating tube while the waste is fed horizontally by a spiral feeder. Thereby, viscous waste such as sludge can be dry-distilled, and all kinds of waste can be treated.

  In the above, the introduced waste is allowed to pass through to remove impurities in the dry distillation gas. However, if a part of the burner combustion gas after passing through the catalyst is sent to the dry distillation furnace as EGR gas, the burner combustion gas after passing through the catalyst is used. Is a high temperature, for example, about 1000 ° C., and there is a large temperature difference with the temperature in the dry distillation furnace, for example, a temperature difference of about 500 ° C. Therefore, saturated steam is generated and impurities such as tar and soot in the dry distillation gas are removed. It can be adsorbed and discharged out of the furnace along with the residue.

  That is, a part of the burner combustion gas after passing through the catalyst is supplied to the other end of the dry distillation furnace through the EGR conduit, and the impurities contained in the dry distillation gas are adsorbed by the saturated water vapor and discharged together with the residue to the outside of the furnace. Is good.

  Moreover, you may utilize dry distillation gas for what kind of use. For example, the extracted carbonization gas can be stored and used as fuel, but it is preferable that the carbonization gas can be used near the carbonization furnace. For example, the carbonization gas extracted from the carbonization furnace is purified by contacting with water using a scrubber filter, the purified carbonization gas is supplied as fuel for the diesel engine, and the generator is driven by the diesel engine to generate electricity. can do.

  When constructing this power generation system, the high-temperature exhaust gas of the diesel engine contains unused oxygen and unburned gas. Therefore, when exhaust gas of a diesel engine is mixed with air and supplied to the burner of the dry distillation furnace by a conduit and used as blower air of the burner, the retained heat of the exhaust gas and unused oxygen and unburned gas can be effectively used. At the same time, particulate matter (PM) such as graphite and nitrogen oxide (Nox) contained in the exhaust gas can be burned with a burner.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on specific examples shown in the drawings. 1 to 4 show a preferred embodiment of a waste carbonization system according to the present invention. FIG. 1 shows a structural example of a dry distillation furnace employed in the system of this example, and FIG. 2 shows a detailed structural example of the burner 23 and the three-way catalyst 24. In FIG. 1, a dry distillation furnace 10 has a double-structured, substantially sealed cylindrical shape composed of an outer wall 10D made of a refractory material and an inner wall 10E made of a heat-resistant metal material such as stainless steel. A waste charging port 10A is formed on the wall surface, and a charging chute 11 is connected to the charging port 10A.

  Further, a burner 23 and a three-way catalyst 24 are built in the other end of the dry distillation furnace 10, and the burner 23 is mixed with LP gas and dry distillation gas as fuel, and an appropriate amount of air is mixed with hot exhaust gas of a diesel engine 39 described later. A high-temperature combustion gas is generated using the air as the blown air, and the three-way catalyst 24 purifies the combustion gas of the burner 23. A bifurcated heating tube 33 is connected to the gas outlet of the three-way catalyst 24, and the heating tube 33 extends in the longitudinal direction of the dry distillation furnace 10. Projecting from the side wall surface, the purified combustion gas is exhausted toward a waste heat recovery core 30 described later.

  Further, a waste outlet 10C for discharging the residue after dry distillation is formed on the lower wall surface on the other end side of the carbonization furnace 10, and a waste pipe 25 is connected to the waste outlet 10C. Is provided with an open / close valve 25A.

  In the dry distillation furnace 10, a spring feeder 60 having a spiral shape with an unequal pitch (may be an equal pitch) is provided so as to extend from immediately below the inlet 10 A to the vicinity of the three-way catalyst 24, and the spring feeder 60 is provided in the dry distillation furnace. The sprocket 33A is connected to a sprocket 33A provided outside the rotor 10 and rotated by being driven by a suitable drive source (not shown), and the input waste is directed toward the other end of the dry distillation furnace 10. To send.

  Furthermore, a dry distillation gas outlet 10B is formed at one end of the dry distillation furnace 10, a gas outlet 10F is connected to the dry distillation gas outlet 10B, and an open / close valve 10G is provided in the gas outlet 10F. ing.

As shown in FIG. 2, the burner 23 has a fuel supply pipe 23A for supplying LP gas and dry distillation gas as fuel, a spark plug 23B, a combustion auxiliary air supply pipe 23C, a fire type combustion gas supply pipe 23D, and an air blower. An air supply duct 35 is provided, and an O ₂ sensor 28 is attached.

  A three-way catalyst 24 is connected to the combustion gas outlet of the burner 23 so that CO, HC, Nox and dioxin contained in the combustion gas are decomposed by raising the temperature of the combustion gas to a high temperature, for example, 1000 ° C. It has become.

  In addition, a heating pipe 33 and an EGR conduit 34 are connected to an outlet of the three-way catalyst 24.

  FIG. 3 shows the overall configuration of the dry distillation system of this example. In FIG. 3, a gas supply pipe 12 is connected to the gas extraction pipe 10 </ b> F of the dry distillation furnace 10, the tip of the gas supply pipe 12 is connected to the scrubber filter 13, and the dry distillation gas from the dry distillation furnace 10 is removed by the scrubber filter 13. Impurities are removed and purified by contact with water, and the scrubber filter 13 is connected to a water supply pipe 31 so that tap water is supplied. In addition, a drain pipe 51 is connected to the scrubber filter 13, and an open / close valve 51A is interposed in the drain pipe 51 so that drainage containing dry distillation gas impurities is drained outside the system.

  The scrubber filter 13 is connected to a gas feed pipe 14 for sending purified dry distillation gas, the gas feed pipe 14 is connected to a buffer tank 16, and a pump 15 is provided in the middle of the gas feed pipe 14. The pump 15 is driven by a diesel engine 39, which will be described later. On the other hand, a return pipe 18 is provided around the pump 15, and a return valve 18A is provided in the return pipe 18.

  A gas feed pipe 45 for dry distillation gas is connected to the buffer tank 16, and a shut valve 45A and a gas flow rate adjusting valve 45B are provided in the middle of the gas feed pipe 45, and a gas flow rate adjusting valve 45B has a gas flow rate. A gas flow rate is controlled by a control signal from the flow rate controller 44. The other end of the gas supply pipe 45 is connected to an air supply pipe 46 extending from the air cleaner 38 to the diesel engine 39 so that the dry distillation gas is supplied to the diesel engine 39 together with the air from the air cleaner 38 as fuel. It has become.

  Further, a dry distillation gas supply pipe 19 is connected to the buffer tank 16, a relief pipe 29 is connected between the dry distillation gas supply pipe 19 and the buffer tank 16, and a relief valve is provided in the middle of the relief pipe 20. 20 A is provided, LP gas is stored in the fuel tank 21, a fuel feed pipe 22 is connected to the fuel tank 21, and the fuel feed pipe 22 is a fuel fuel supply pipe of the burner 23 of the dry distillation furnace 10. 23A, the fuel feed pipe 22 is connected to a dry distillation gas feed pipe 19, and the gas feed pipe 19 and the fuel feed pipe 22 are provided with on-off valves 19A and 22A.

  In addition, a water tank 17 is connected to the buffer tank 16 through a feed pipe 50 so that the amount of dry distillation gas generated can be detected by the water level in the water tank 50. A relief pipe 49 is connected to the water tank 50, and the relief pipe 49 is provided with a relief valve 49A.

  A fuel supply pipe extending from the light oil tank 40 is connected to the diesel engine 39, an exhaust gas supply pipe 41 is connected to the diesel engine 39, and the exhaust gas supply pipe 41 is connected to the diesel engine 39 via a reed valve 41A. Air from the air cleaner 38 is mixed, and an appropriate amount of air is mixed into the exhaust gas of the diesel engine 39 and is supplied to the burner 23 of the dry distillation furnace 10 as blown air.

  An air supply pipe 35 for combustion auxiliary air extends from the air cleaner 38 to the burner 23 of the dry distillation furnace 10, and a pump 36 driven by a diesel engine 39 is provided in the middle of the air supply pipe 35. In addition, an open / close valve 35A is provided in the middle of the air supply pipe 35, and the other end of the air supply pipe 35 is connected to the combustion assisting air supply pipe 23C of the burner 23.

  Further, the diesel engine 39 is provided with a controller 43 for detecting and controlling the rotational speed, and a control signal of the controller 43 is given to the actuator 42 to control the rotational speed of the diesel engine 39.

  The EGR conduit 34 of the dry distillation furnace 10 is provided with an open / close valve 34 </ b> A, and the other end of the EGR conduit 34 is connected to one end side of the dry distillation furnace 10.

Also, O ₂ sensor 29 is provided in the heating tube 33 of the dry distillation furnace 10, the signal of the O ₂ sensor 28, 29 is supplied to the control unit 52, so as to open and close control the opening and closing valve 35A of the air feed pipe 35 ing.

  The other end of the heating pipe 33 is connected to the waste heat recovery core 30, and the waste heat recovery core 30 recovers waste heat by heat exchange between water and the high-temperature combustion gas in the heating pipe 3. The cooling water is recovered in the waste heat recovery core 30 by heat exchange with the combustion gas in the heating pipe 3 through the cooling water supply pipe 48. The warm water of the waste heat recovery core 30 is drained by the warm water pipe 32, and the exhaust gas having a low temperature is drained by the exhaust pipe 30A. The control unit 52 controls the opening and closing of the various valves described above.

  FIG. 4 shows that the carbonization furnace 10, the waste heat recovery core 30, the fuel tank 21, the buffer tank 16, the water tank 17, the scrubber filter 13, the control unit 52, the light oil tank 40, the diesel engine 39 and the generator are mounted on the loading platform F of the vehicle. An example layout is shown.

  When processing waste, first, diesel oil 39 is supplied with light oil from the fuel tank 40 and air is supplied from the air cleaner 38 to operate the diesel engine 39, the pumps 15 and 36 are driven, and the burner 23 is supplied with the combustion gas and the combustion gas. When combustion auxiliary air is supplied to start combustion and the temperature of the burner 23 rises, the temperature of the three-way catalyst 24 also rises, and the temperature of the heating pipe 33 also rises.

  Therefore, when the waste crushed to an appropriate size is introduced into the dry distillation furnace 10 from the input chute 11, the waste is clogged at an appropriate speed and toward the other end side of the dry distillation furnace 10 by the spring feeder 60. It is sent smoothly without being raised, heated in a state where the supply of oxygen is cut off, and dry-distilled to separate into dry-distilled gas and residue, and the residue is passed from the waste outlet 10C through the waste pipe 25 by the spring feeder 60. It is drained out of the furnace.

  The dry distillation gas is input from the input chute 11, passes through the waste sent to the waste outlet 10C, and removes impurities such as tar and soot, and then is taken out from the gas outlet 10B to be scrubber. Impurities such as tar and soot are further removed and purified by contact with water by the scrubber filter 13 and sent to the buffer tank 16. The refined dry distillation gas is further sent from the buffer tank 16 to the diesel engine 39 and used as fuel for the diesel engine 39 together with light oil.

  Since the high-temperature exhaust gas of the diesel engine 39 contains unused oxygen and fuel, an appropriate amount of air from the air cleaner 38 is mixed with the exhaust gas of the diesel engine 39 using, for example, the pulsation of the diesel engine 39. The oxygen deficiency is supplemented with combustion assisting air from the air cleaner 38 by using it as the blown air of the burner 23 of the dry distillation furnace 10. Accordingly, the burner 23 can be efficiently operated by effectively utilizing unused oxygen, fuel, and retained heat of the exhaust gas contained in the exhaust gas of the diesel engine 39.

A part of the refined dry distillation gas in the buffer tank 16 is mixed with LP gas sent to the burner 23 in the dry distillation furnace 10 and used as fuel for the burner 23. At this time, if the supply amount of fuel and the supply amount of blown air are controlled by the signals of the O ₂ sensors 28 and 29 so that the air-fuel ratio becomes 14.7%, complete combustion can be performed.

  The high-temperature combustion gas in the burner 23 is heated to 1000 ° C. or more by the three-way catalyst 24, CO, HC, Nox, and dioxin in the combustion gas are decomposed, and the waste heat is recovered by the waste heat recovery core 30 to obtain the temperature. After dropping, it is released to the atmosphere.

  The combustion gas that has passed through the three-way catalyst 24 has a high temperature of 1000 ° C. or higher. Therefore, when a part of the gas is supplied into the dry distillation furnace 10 as EGR gas, saturated steam is generated due to a temperature difference from the temperature in the dry distillation furnace 10, for example, a temperature difference of about 500 ° C., and tar and soot in the dry distillation gas are removed. It is adsorbed and discharged out of the furnace together with the residue, so that the dry distillation gas can be purified without using a ceramic filter or the like.

  As described above, in the dry distillation system of the present example, waste can be largely reduced to dry distillation residue, and power can be generated by effectively using waste energy, specifically, dry distillation gas, CO, HC, Nox, Dioxins and other harmful substances do not appear in the environment.

It is a section lineblock diagram showing an example of a structure of a dry distillation furnace in a preferred embodiment of a dry distillation system according to the present invention. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the burner and three-way catalyst in the said dry distillation furnace. It is a figure which shows the whole structure of the said embodiment. It is a figure which shows the example of the mounting layout which mounts the said embodiment in the vehicle.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Dry distillation furnace 10A Waste inlet 10B Dry distillation gas outlet 10C Residue waste outlet 13 Scrubber filter 16 Buffer tank 23 Burner 24 Three-way catalyst 33 Heating pipe 39 Diesel engine 60 Spring feeder

Claims (4)

In a carbonization system in which waste is carbonized by heating in a state where the supply of oxygen is cut off,
It is equipped with a dry distillation furnace that is installed horizontally and sealed in a cylindrical shape,
A waste inlet port is formed at one end of the carbonization furnace, and a residue discharge port after carbonization is formed at the other end. A spiral that feeds waste by rotation inside the carbonization furnace. A shaped feeder is arranged from directly under the inlet to the other end of the carbonization furnace,
A burner that generates high-temperature combustion gas and a catalyst that purifies the combustion gas of the burner are built in the other end of the carbonization furnace, and the waste sent by the feeder is burned by the burner inside the carbonization furnace. A heating tube that is heated by the heat of the gas is provided from the outlet of the catalyst toward one end of the carbonization furnace, and one end side of the carbonization furnace is provided with an outlet part of the carbonization gas,
The waste dry distillation gas passes through the waste introduced from the inlet and is taken out so that impurities of the dry distillation gas are attached to the waste and removed. Dry distillation system.   The waste according to claim 1, wherein a part of the burner combustion gas after passing through the catalyst is supplied to the dry distillation furnace by an EGR conduit, and impurities of the dry distillation gas are adsorbed by saturated water vapor and discharged together with the residue to the outside of the furnace. A carbonization system for things.   The dry distillation gas taken out from the dry distillation furnace is contacted with water by a scrubber filter and purified, and the purified dry distillation gas is supplied as fuel for the diesel engine, and the generator is driven by the diesel engine to generate electricity. The waste carbonization stem according to claim 1. 4. The waste carbonization stem according to claim 3, wherein the exhaust gas of the diesel engine is mixed with air and supplied to the burner by a conduit to be used as blown air.

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