JP2006133626A - 液晶表示装置 - Google Patents
液晶表示装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2006133626A JP2006133626A JP2004324500A JP2004324500A JP2006133626A JP 2006133626 A JP2006133626 A JP 2006133626A JP 2004324500 A JP2004324500 A JP 2004324500A JP 2004324500 A JP2004324500 A JP 2004324500A JP 2006133626 A JP2006133626 A JP 2006133626A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- optical compensation
- group
- crystal display
- display device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 190
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 119
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3083—Birefringent or phase retarding elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
- G02F1/133634—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation the refractive index Nz perpendicular to the element surface being different from in-plane refractive indices Nx and Ny, e.g. biaxial or with normal optical axis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
- G02F1/1393—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the birefringence of the liquid crystal being electrically controlled, e.g. ECB-, DAP-, HAN-, PI-LC cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
- G02F1/1393—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the birefringence of the liquid crystal being electrically controlled, e.g. ECB-, DAP-, HAN-, PI-LC cells
- G02F1/1395—Optically compensated birefringence [OCB]- cells or PI- cells
Abstract
【解決手段】 本発明の液晶表示装置は、一方にカラーフィルターが設けられた一対の基板と、基板間に配された表示媒体としての液晶層とを有する液晶セルと;少なくとも光学補償層を有する光学補償素子とを備える。この光学補償素子は、液晶層を基準にして、カラーフィルターと反対側に配されている
【選択図】 図1
Description
図1は、本発明の好ましい実施形態による液晶表示装置の概略断面図である。図2は、この液晶表示装置に用いられるアクティブマトリクス基板の概略断面図であり、図3は、図2のアクティブマトリクス基板の概略平面図である。図2は、図3のII−II線による断面に対応する。
図6は、本発明に用いられる光学補償素子20の好ましい一例を説明する概略断面図である。光学補償素子20は、光学補償層21と、必要に応じて偏光子22および/または透明保護層23とを有する。以下、それぞれについて詳細を説明する。
光学補償層21のフィルム面内位相差(正面位相差)Δndは、液晶セルの表示モードに対応して最適化され得る。例えば、Δndの下限は、好ましくは5nm以上、さらに好ましくは10nm以上、最も好ましくは15nm以上である。Δndが5nm未満の場合には、斜め方向のコントラストが低下する場合が多い。一方、Δndの上限は、好ましくは400nm以下、より好ましくは300nm以下、さらに好ましくは200nm以下、特に好ましくは150nm以下、とりわけ好ましくは100nm以下、最も好ましくは80nm以下である。Δndが400nmを超えると、視野角が小さくなる場合が多い。より具体的には、液晶セルがVAモードを採用する場合には、Δndは、好ましくは5〜150nm、さらに好ましくは10〜100nm、最も好ましくは15〜80nmである。液晶セルがOCBモードを採用する場合には、Δndは、好ましくは5〜400nm、さらに好ましくは10〜300nm、最も好ましくは15〜200nmである。なお、Δndは、式:Δnd=(nx−ny)×dで求められる。ここで、nxは光学補償層の遅相軸方向の屈折率であり、nyは光学補償層の進相軸方向の屈折率であり、d(nm)は光学補償層の厚みである。代表的には、Δndは、波長590nmの光を用いて測定される。遅相軸は、フィルム面内の屈折率が最大になる方向をいい、進相軸は、面内で遅相軸に垂直な方向をいう。
光学補償層を構成する材料としては、上記のような光学特性が得られる限りにおいて任意の適切な材料が採用され得る。例えば、このような材料としては、非液晶性材料が挙げられる。特に好ましくは、非液晶性ポリマーである。このような非液晶性材料は、液晶性材料とは異なり、基板の配向性に関係なく、それ自身の性質によりnx>nz、ny>nzという光学的一軸性を示す膜を形成し得る。その結果、配向基板のみならず未配向基板も使用され得る。さらに、未配向基板を用いる場合であっても、その表面に配向膜を塗布する工程や配向膜を積層する工程等を省略することができる。
上記の通り、光学補償素子20は、必要に応じて偏光子22をさらに有する。上記図6(a)〜(c)に示すように、偏光子22は光学補償層21が液晶セル10側になるように配置される。光学補償素子が偏光子を有する場合には、偏光板30を省略することができるので、液晶表示装置の薄型化に寄与し得る。偏光子を有する光学補償素子は、いわゆる位相差板付偏光板と同等の部材として提供され得る。光学補償層21は、図6(a)に示すように液晶セル10に直接積層されてもよく、図6(c)に示すように透明保護層23を介して積層されてもよい。
上記の通り、光学補償素子20は、必要に応じて透明保護層23をさらに有する。上記図6(a)〜(c)に示すように、透明保護層23は、偏光子22の外側に(すなわち、最外層として)配置される。透明保護層を設けることにより、偏光子の劣化が防止され得る。図6(b)および(c)に示すように、必要に応じて、別の透明保護層が、光学補償層21と偏光子22との間、および/または、光学補償層21と液晶セル10との間に配置され得る。なお、図6(b)に示す構成においては、光学補償層21と透明保護層23との間に例えばポリウレタン系樹脂からなる密着層(図示せず)を介在させることが特に好ましい。
次に、光学補償素子の製造方法(光学補償層の形成方法)について説明する。光学補償素子の製造方法としては、上記のような光学特性を有する光学補償素子が得られる限りにおいて任意の適切な方法が採用され得る。代表的な製造方法は、基材フィルムに上記非液晶性ポリマーの溶液を塗工する工程と、当該溶液中の溶媒を除去して非液晶性ポリマーの層を形成する工程とを含む。光学補償素子が光学補償層(光学補償フィルム)単独で構成される場合には、形成された光学補償層を基材フィルムから剥がして光学補償素子を得る。光学補償素子が偏光子と光学補償層とを有する場合には、上記製造方法は、光学補償層が形成されていない基材フィルムの面に偏光子を貼り合わせる工程をさらに含む。
試料フィルムの屈折率nx、nyおよびnzを、自動複屈折測定装置(王子計測機器株式会社製,自動複屈折計KOBRA21−ADH)により計測し、面内位相差Δndおよび厚み方向位相差Rthを算出した。測定温度は23℃、測定波長は590nmであった。
(2)コントラストの測定
作製した液晶表示装置に白画像および黒画像を表示させ、ELDIM社製 商品名 「EZ Contrast160D」により測定した。
2,2−ビス(3,4−ジカルボキシフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン二無水物(6FDA)と、2,2’−ビス(トリフルオロメチル)−4,4’−ジアミノビフェニル(TFMB)とから合成された下記式(6)で表される重量平均分子量(Mw)70,000のポリイミドを、シクロヘキサノンに溶解して、15質量%のポリイミド溶液を調製した。なお、ポリイミドの調製等は、文献(F. Li et al. Polymer40 (1999) 4571−4583)の方法を参照した。一方、厚み80μmのトリアセチルセルロース(TAC)フィルムを、固定端横延伸によって175℃で1.3倍に横延伸して、厚み75μmの延伸TACフィルムを作製し、基材フィルムとした。そして、この基材フィルム上に上記ポリイミド溶液を塗工し、これを100℃で10分間乾燥した。その結果、基材フィルム上に光学補償層を有する光学フィルムAを得た。光学補償層の厚みは5μm、Δn(=nx−nz)は約0.04であった。光学補償層の厚み方向の位相差は200nmであり、面内位相差は60nmであった。光学補償層は、nx>ny>nzの光学特性を有していた。なお、基材フィルム(延伸TACフィルム)のΔnは約0.0006であった。
ポリビニルアルコールフィルムを、ヨウ素を含む水溶液中で染色した後、ホウ酸を含む水溶液中で速比の異なるロール間にて6倍に一軸延伸して偏光子を得た。得られた偏光子を、上記光学フィルムAの基材フィルムの光学補償層が形成されていない面に積層した。このとき、光学補償層の遅相軸と偏光子の吸収軸とが互いに実質的に直交するようにして積層した。さらに、偏光子の光学フィルムAと積層されない面に市販のTACフィルム(厚み40μm)〔富士写真フィルム(株)製 商品名「UZ−TAC」〕を保護層として積層し、光学補償素子Gとした。
光学補償素子を液晶セルの視認側に配置し、偏光板を液晶セルのバックライト側に配置したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして液晶表示装置を作製し、コントラストを測定した。この液晶表示装置の正面方向のコントラストは470、斜め方向のコントラストは25であった。さらに、この液晶表示装置のコントラストの視野角依存性を図7(b)のレーダーチャートに示す。
光学補償素子を液晶セルの視認側に配置し、偏光板を液晶セルのバックライト側に配置したこと以外は実施例2と同様にして液晶表示装置を作製し、コントラストを測定した。この液晶表示装置の正面方向のコントラストは480、斜め方向のコントラストは21であった。さらに、この液晶表示装置のコントラストの視野角依存性を図8(b)のレーダーチャートに示す。
光学補償素子を液晶セルの視認側に配置し、偏光板を液晶セルのバックライト側に配置したこと以外は実施例3と同様にして液晶表示装置を作製し、コントラストを測定した。この液晶表示装置の正面方向のコントラストは400、斜め方向のコントラストは15であった。さらに、この液晶表示装置のコントラストの視野角依存性を図9(b)のレーダーチャートに示す。
光学補償素子を液晶セルの視認側に配置し、偏光板を液晶セルのバックライト側に配置したこと以外は実施例4と同様にして液晶表示装置を作製し、コントラストを測定した。この液晶表示装置の正面方向のコントラストは1000、斜め方向のコントラストは50であった。さらに、この液晶表示装置のコントラストの視野角依存性を図10(b)のレーダーチャートに示す。
20 光学補償素子
30、30’ 偏光板
11、11’ ガラス基板
12 液晶層
13 カラーフィルター
100 液晶表示装置
Claims (5)
- 一方にカラーフィルターが設けられた一対の基板と、該基板間に配された表示媒体としての液晶層とを有する液晶セルと;少なくとも光学補償層を有する光学補償素子とを備え、
該光学補償素子が、該液晶層を基準にして、該カラーフィルターと反対側に配されている
液晶表示装置。 - 前記液晶セルがVAまたはOCBモードである、請求項1に記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記光学補償素子が偏光子をさらに有し、前記光学補償層が前記液晶セルに近い側になるようにして配置されている、請求項1または2に記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記光学補償層が、ポリイミド、ポリアミド、ポリエステル、ポリエーテルケトン、ポリアミドイミドおよびポリエステルイミドからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つのポリマーから形成される、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記光学補償素子が透明保護層をさらに有する、請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の液晶表示装置。
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JP2004324500A JP4640929B2 (ja) | 2004-11-09 | 2004-11-09 | 液晶表示装置 |
TW094136140A TWI322904B (en) | 2004-11-09 | 2005-10-17 | Liquid crystal display apparatus |
US11/258,097 US8125596B2 (en) | 2004-11-09 | 2005-10-26 | Liquid crystal display apparatus |
KR1020050105204A KR100748421B1 (ko) | 2004-11-09 | 2005-11-04 | 액정 표시 장치 |
CN201010151174XA CN101806979B (zh) | 2004-11-09 | 2005-11-09 | 液晶显示装置 |
CNA2005101158460A CN1776487A (zh) | 2004-11-09 | 2005-11-09 | 液晶显示装置 |
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JPWO2008032848A1 (ja) * | 2006-09-15 | 2010-01-28 | Mgcフィルシート株式会社 | 位相差フィルム |
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- 2005-10-26 US US11/258,097 patent/US8125596B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-11-04 KR KR1020050105204A patent/KR100748421B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2005-11-09 CN CNA2005101158460A patent/CN1776487A/zh active Pending
- 2005-11-09 CN CN201010151174XA patent/CN101806979B/zh active Active
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US7812901B2 (en) | 2006-05-29 | 2010-10-12 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Liquid crystal panel and liquid crystal display apparatus |
US8531630B2 (en) | 2006-07-07 | 2013-09-10 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Liquid crystal panel and liquid crystal display apparatus |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TW200617495A (en) | 2006-06-01 |
US20060098147A1 (en) | 2006-05-11 |
TWI322904B (en) | 2010-04-01 |
KR100748421B1 (ko) | 2007-08-10 |
CN1776487A (zh) | 2006-05-24 |
US8125596B2 (en) | 2012-02-28 |
KR20060052456A (ko) | 2006-05-19 |
JP4640929B2 (ja) | 2011-03-02 |
CN101806979B (zh) | 2013-05-29 |
CN101806979A (zh) | 2010-08-18 |
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