JP2006010283A - Gasification incinerator - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent dust and odor, and to prevent mixing of various types of harmful matter or the like synthesized during combustion into flue gas or exhaust gas, and their atmospheric discharge. <P>SOLUTION: The gasification incinerator is provided with a combustion chamber 3 gasifying an object to be burned inputted from an input port 2, burning a residue caused by gasification, and melting ash caused by the combustion, a first heating element 14 arranged in the combustion chamber 3 and heating the object to be burned, a first air sending port 16 sending air into the combustion chamber 3, an ejection port 7 for ejecting slug from melting the ash caused by the combustion, a re-combustion chamber 4 burning gas generated by gasifying the object to be burned, a second heating element 21 arranged in a passage 5 communicating the combustion chamber 3 with the re-combustion chamber 4 and heating the gas flowing into the re-combustion chamber 4, and a second air sending port 28 sending air into the re-combustion chamber 4. The first heating element 14 and the second heating element 21 generate heat by energization. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a gasification incinerator suitable for removing and detoxifying harmful substances contained in flue gas, exhaust gas and the like generated when incineration of combustibles.

  When waste is incinerated with a garbage incinerator, etc., dust and bad odors generated by this combustion, various odors, various harmful substances synthesized during combustion, etc. are mixed into the flue gas and exhaust gas, and the atmosphere Polluted by this smoke and exhaust gas.

  In particular, in the exhaust fumes generated when incinerated discarded tires, plastics, paints, and other various resin products, in addition to dust and odors, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, dioxins, etc. Contains various toxic substances. When such flue gas containing various harmful substances is released to the atmosphere, it causes air pollution and environmental destruction. Among them, the discharge of harmful substances such as dioxin, which is known as a highly toxic substance, impairs the health of surrounding residents, causes animal and plant malformations, causes pollution diseases, and seriously affects the surrounding environment. . How to prevent the discharge of such harmful substances is an important issue.

  For the purpose of removing such harmful substances, for example, an incinerator having a structure in which a mixture of petroleum fuel such as kerosene or heavy oil and air is supplied into an incinerator and burned together with waste at a temperature of 800 ° C. or less. Exists.

  As described above, in the conventional incinerator that burns waste together with kerosene and heavy oil, the combustion of the waste is performed at a temperature of 800 ° C. or less, and therefore the chlorine compound contained in the waste is another substance. To promote the production of dioxins.

  In this type of incinerator, for the purpose of purifying the flue gas discharged from the incinerator, the flue gas generated by incineration of this waste is re-injected with a burner using kerosene, heavy oil, gas, etc. as fuel. A method of burning and removing harmful substances contained in flue gas has been proposed.

  However, in an incinerator that burns with a burner, it is difficult to completely contact the flue gas with the flame, and because the temperature is low, some harmful substances such as carbon monoxide, soot, and bad odor are burned. Although the flue gas can be deodorized colorless, it cannot detoxify dioxins and other harmful substances that are detoxified for the first time at high temperatures.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-82980

  The object of the present invention is to generate heat by energizing a heating element, and to use this as a heat source to gasify and burn the combusted material, so that dust and bad odor such as soot and scum are prevented and synthesized at the time of combustion. It is an object of the present invention to provide a gasification incinerator that prevents various harmful substances and the like mixed into smoke or exhaust gas and released into the atmosphere.

  In order to achieve this object, the gasification incinerator according to the present invention gasifies the inlet to which the combustible material is charged and the combustible material charged from the inlet, and burns the residue generated by the gasification. A combustion chamber that melts the ash generated by the combustion, a first heating element that is disposed in the combustion chamber and that heats the combusted material, a first air blowing port that blows air into the combustion chamber, and A discharge port that discharges slag in which the generated ash is melted, a recombustion chamber that combusts gas generated by gasifying the combustible, a flow path that connects the combustion chamber and the recombustion chamber, A second heating element that is disposed in the path and heats the gas flowing into the recombustion chamber, a second air blowing port that blows air into the recombustion chamber, and the gas is combusted in the recombustion chamber Surrounds the chimney that discharges the generated exhaust gas, the combustion chamber, and the recombustion chamber And a heat insulating material, a first heating element and the second heating element is to heat by energization.

  The present invention heats and gasifies the first heating element rapidly heated by energizing the combusted material input from the input port in the combustion chamber, burns the residue generated by the gasification, The ash generated by combustion is melted to form slag and discharged from the outlet. In addition, before the gas gasified in the combustion chamber flows into the recombustion chamber, the second heating element rapidly heated by energizing the flow path is heated as a heat source, and the second air is heated in the recombustion chamber. Since it is mixed with the air blown from the air outlet and recombusted, the combusted material can be completely burned at a high temperature, soot and odor generated during combustion can be prevented, and bad odor can be prevented. It prevents the harmful substances synthesized at the time from being mixed into the smoke or exhaust gas and released into the atmosphere, enabling safe combustion of combustibles.

  Embodiments of a gasification incinerator to which the present invention is applied will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  The gasification incinerator 1 to which the present invention is applied, as shown in FIG. 1, heats and gasifies the inlet 2 into which the combustible material is introduced, and the combustible material introduced through the inlet 2, The gasified residue is burned into ash, the ash is melted into slag, the combustion chamber 3, the recombustion chamber 4 for burning the gasified combustibles, the combustion chamber 3, and the recombustion chamber 4. And a gas flow path 5 communicating with each other.

  Further, the gasification incinerator 1 includes a chimney 6 for discharging exhaust gas generated by burning the combusted material gasified in the recombustion chamber 4 to the outside, and after the combusted material is gasified in the combustion chamber 3. And a discharge port 7 for discharging the slag generated by burning the ash after combustion to the outside.

  Under the discharge port 7 of the gasification incinerator, a water tank 8 for depositing discharged slag, and a hood for connecting the water tank 8 and the discharge port 7 and sealing the gasification incinerator with the water tank 8 9 are provided.

  The combustion chamber 3 and the recombustion chamber 4 are formed by bending a metal plate such as stainless steel into a rectangular tube shape, and a gasification incinerator is disposed around the combustion chamber 3, the recombustion chamber 4, and the gas flow path 5. The heat insulating materials 11, 12, and 13 are arranged so that the heat inside 1 is not released to the outside.

  The heat insulating material 11 that insulates the combustion chamber 3 includes a refractory brick 11a provided on the inner surface, a silica board 11b provided on the outer surface, and a refractory caster 11c provided on a complicated shape portion. The heat insulating materials 12 and 13 that insulate the recombustion chamber 4 and the gas flow path 5 include fireproof casters 12a and 13a. These refractory casters 11c, 12a, and 13a are fixed by caster hooks 11d, 12d, and 13d.

  In the combustion chamber 3, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a first heating element 14 having heat resistance and conductivity for heating the inputted combustion object, and the first heating element 14 A first electrode plate 15 for applying a current and a first air blowing port 16 for blowing air to a region where the first heating element 14 of the combustion chamber 3 is disposed are provided. Further, the combustion chamber 3 is provided with a grate (rooster) 17 that prevents the first heating element 14 from falling to the discharge port 7, and the first heating element 14 is placed on the grate 17. Is filled.

  The surface of the first heating element 14 is obtained by diffusing / penetrating a metal such as chromium, aluminum, molybdenum, tungsten or the like into a granular carbonaceous material such as graphite, activated carbon, charcoal, and coal having a particle diameter of about 20 to 30 mm. A so-called thermal ball or the like that generates heat due to the contact resistance between the heating elements and the resistance of each heating element when a predetermined current is applied after filling the container with a large number of heating elements. Consists of. The first heating element 14 generates heat when energized and stops generating heat when energization is stopped. The granular carbonaceous material of the first heating element 14 that generates heat by energization returns to its original state in a short time by natural cooling without disappearing due to heat generation.

  The first electrode plates 15 are arranged in pairs on the opposing inner wall surfaces on the lower side of the combustion chamber, and energize the first heating element 14 to heat the first heating element 14. The first electrode plate 15 may be made of any material as long as it has good conductivity and has resistance to high temperatures generated by the first heating element 14. In that case, a plate made of graphite is used. The electrode plate 15 is connected to a power source (not shown) via an electrode cord. A large number of first heating elements 14 are accommodated between a pair of opposing first electrode plates 15 and generate heat when a predetermined current is applied.

  The first air blowing port 16 is inside the combustion chamber 3 and allows air to be blown to a region where the first heating element 14 is disposed, and allows adjustment of the amount of air to be blown. The first air blowing port 16 can blow air with an appropriate blowing amount in accordance with the state of the combustion object in the combustion chamber 3, and the combustion mode of the combustion chamber 3, that is, the gas of the combustion object The combustion mode of the combustion chamber 3 such as combustion of the residue generated by gasification or gasification, or melting of ash generated by combustion of the residue can be switched.

  The first air blowing port 16 has a blower (not shown), controls the rotation speed of the motor by an inverter method, and controls the blowing amount by a damper, thereby controlling the blowing amount of air depending on the state of the combustible. It can be adjusted freely.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the gas flow path 5 that connects the combustion chamber 3 and the recombustion chamber 4 has heat resistance and electrical conductivity for heating the gas flowing from the combustion chamber 3 into the recombustion chamber 4. A second heating element 21 that is heated by energization, a second electrode plate 22 that applies a current to the second heating element 21, and a second heating element in the gas flow path 5. A second air blowing port 26 that blows air is provided in a region where 21 is disposed.

  The second heating element 21 includes a cylinder 23 such as a plurality of ceramic cylindrical tubes and a molybdenum element 24 provided on the inner peripheral side of each ceramic cylinder. The molybdenum element 24 is arranged on the inner peripheral side of the ceramic cylinder so as to be heated by energization and to sufficiently heat the ceramic cylinder.

  Similarly to the first electrode plate 15 provided in the combustion chamber 3, the second electrode plate 22 is paired with the opposing inner wall surface on the recombustion chamber 4 side of the gas flow path 5. It arrange | positions and it supplies with electricity to the 2nd heat generating body 21, and the 2nd heat generating body 21 is heated. A plurality of second heating elements 21 are arranged between a pair of opposing second electrode plates 22 and generate heat when a predetermined current is applied.

  The second electrode plate 22 may be made of any material as long as it has a good conductivity and has resistance to the high temperature generated by the second heating element 21. In that case, a plate made of graphite is used. The electrode plate is connected to a power source (not shown) via an electrode cord.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the ceramic cylinder 23 constituting the second heating element 21 is in a direction orthogonal to the gas inflow direction and is substantially equidistant and parallel to each other. Be placed. The ceramic cylinders 23 constituting the second heating element 21 are arranged (staggered) in a staggered pattern in a cross section perpendicular to the cylinders. That is, the cylindrical body 23 is arranged in parallel and at equal intervals in a direction perpendicular to the gas inflow direction in a cross section perpendicular to the cylindrical body to form a plurality of groups, and another group adjacent to a certain group. Are arranged in the middle of the respective cylinders arranged in a group. For example, the first group consisting of a plurality of cylindrical bodies arranged in parallel and at equal intervals in a plane that is close to the combustion chamber 3 and is orthogonal to the gas flow direction provided in the lower part of the gas flow path 5. 21a, a second group 21b composed of a plurality of cylindrical bodies arranged in parallel and at equal intervals in a plane perpendicular to the gas inflow direction on the upper side of the first group 21a, And a third group 21c composed of a plurality of cylindrical bodies arranged in parallel and at equal intervals in a plane orthogonal to the gas inflow direction on the upper side of the group 21b. Are arranged in the middle between the cylinders of the first group 21a when viewed from the gas inflow direction, and the plurality of cylinders of the third group 21c are respectively the second group when viewed from the gas inflow direction. It is arranged in the middle between the cylinders 21b.

  Since the second heating elements 21 are arranged in a staggered pattern as described above, the gas generated in the combustion chamber 3 is prevented from going straight and flowing into the recombustion chamber 4, and the gas flow path 5 By increasing the residence time in the region where the second heating element 21 is disposed, the gas is sufficiently heated, so that this gas can be completely burned in the recombustion chamber 3.

  The 2nd air blower opening 26 is inside the gas flow path 5, Comprising: It enables air to the area | region where the 2nd heat generating body 21 is arrange | positioned, and makes it possible to adjust the quantity of the air to blow. The second air blowing port 26 can blow and mix the gas flowing into the recombustion chamber 4 from the combustion chamber 3 through the gas flow path 5.

  The second air blowing port 26 has a blower (not shown), controls the number of rotations of the motor by an inverter system, and controls the amount of blown air by a damper, so that the state of the gas passing through the gas flow path 5 is controlled. The amount of air blown can be adjusted freely.

  In addition, the gas flow path 5 is provided with a porous and granular ceramic particle 25 (so-called pumice-like) on the upper portion of the second heating element 21. Since the ceramic particles 25 are heated by the second heating elements 21 arranged in a staggered pattern, the interval, that is, the gap through which the gas passes, is smaller than that of the second heating elements 21. The speed of the gas that has passed through the second heating element 21 is suppressed, and the gas can be sufficiently heated and completely burned in the recombustion chamber 4.

  In the recombustion chamber 4, a stabilizer 27 that is swirled to retain the gas generated by gasifying the combusted material flowing in from the combustion chamber 3, and air is blown to the gas flowing in the recombustion chamber 4. And a third air blowing port 28 is provided.

  The stabilizer 27 includes a gap forming member 29 that forms a gap for gas to flow from the gas flow path 5 into the recombustion chamber 4, and a planar shape that is orthogonal to the gas flow path 5 and is disposed from the gas flow path 5 to the recombustion chamber 4. A plate surface serving as a baffle plate 30 is provided to prevent the gas and heat flowing into the gas flow from flowing out of the chimney 6 provided on the extension of the gas flow path 5. The gap forming member 29 is disposed so as to be inclined toward the turning direction R so that the plurality of heat-resistant members swirl the gas flowing into the recombustion chamber 4 from the gas flow path 5. Since the stabilizer 27 blows combustion air in the gas swirl direction R, the residence time of the gas is increased, and the complete combustion can be performed in the recombustion chamber 4.

  The third air blowing port 28 enables air to be blown to a region where the stabilizer 27 of the recombustion chamber 4 is disposed, and allows the amount of air to be blown to be adjusted. The third air blowing port 28 can blow air so as to sufficiently mix air with the gas flowing into the recombustion chamber 4.

  The third air blower port 28 has a blower (not shown), and controls the number of rotations of the motor by an inverter system and controls the amount of blown air by a damper, so that the state of the gas flowing into the recombustion chamber 4 is controlled. The amount of air blown can be adjusted freely.

  When a combustible material is introduced from the inlet 2 of the gasification incinerator 1 configured as described above, the first heating plate 14 is rapidly turned on by energizing the first electrode plate 15 with a power source (not shown). It generates heat. At the time when the combustible material is introduced, no air is flowing in from the first air blowing port 16. At this time, since air is not flowing in from the first air blowing port 16, the heat of the first heating element 14 cannot be transmitted to the combusted object, so the temperature in the gasification incinerator 1 is the first temperature. This is due only to the radiant heat of the heating element 14. In a state where air is not introduced, the combustible heated by only the radiant heat of the first heating element 14 is gasified to become a combustible gas and its residue.

  Next, a very small amount of air, that is, air having a theoretical air amount or less, is blown from the first air blowing port 16 to the region where the first heating element 14 is provided. By blowing a small amount of air from the first air inlet 16, the blown air and the combusted material can be heated as a heat conductor, and the temperature in the combustion chamber 3 rises rapidly. Here, the theoretical air amount is the amount of air necessary for the pyrolyzing the input combusted material.

  The combustible is slowly gasified by being mixed with a small amount of air blown from the first air blowing port 16 and being heated by the first heating element 14. The combustible gas generated by gasifying the combusted material flows into the recombustion chamber 4 through the gas flow path 5. On the other hand, the residue of the combusted material that has been gasified becomes carbide and remains in the combustion chamber.

  After the gasification of the combusted material is completed, the amount of air blown from the first air blower port 16 is increased, and air exceeding the theoretical air amount is blown into the combustion chamber. When the air exceeding the theoretical air amount is blown from the first air blowing port 16, the surface of the first heating element 14 undergoes an oxidation reaction and becomes a high heat of about 1400 ° C., and remains in the combustion chamber 3. The residue, which is the carbide, is burned to become ash and is deposited on the first heating element 14.

  Since the ash deposited on the first heating element 14 melts at about 1200 ° C., it begins to melt simultaneously with the deposition. Furthermore, this ash melting phenomenon raises the ambient temperature, thus promoting the melting of unmelted ash. The molten ash becomes slag and is discharged to the outside through the discharge port 7. The discharged slag passes through the hood 9 and accumulates in the water tank 8, and is discharged by the discharge case 10 when a certain amount is accumulated.

The air in the furnace of the gasification incinerator 1 is blown in a pushing manner so that the pressure is about 9.8 Pa to 29.4 Pa (1 to 3 mm / H ₂ O). Therefore, the grate 17 (rooster) that supports the first heating element 14 may be in a state opened to the atmosphere through the discharge port 7. In this gasification incinerator 1, the hood 9 is provided and the lower portion of the hood is sealed with the water tank 8, so that it is possible to reduce the consumption due to the first heating element 14 being exposed to the outside air and being oxidized. .

  The combustible gas generated by gasification in the combustion chamber 3 passes through the gas flow path 4 that connects the combustion chamber 3 and the recombustion chamber 5 and flows into the recombustion chamber 5. At this time, the combustible gas passes through the gap between the second heating element 21 and the ceramic particles 25 provided in the gas flow path 4. When energized, the surface of the second heating element 21 is heated to about 1400 ° C., and the ceramic particles 25 provided on the second heating element 21 are sufficiently heated. Yes. The second heating element 21 and the ceramic particles 25 can sufficiently heat the passing gas. Further, the combustible gas passing through the gas flow path 4 is mixed with the air blown by the second air blowing port 26. When the combustible gas passes through the gas flow path 5, it is heated by the second heating element 21, and is mixed with the air blown by the second air blowing port 26 and burned while being burned. Flow into.

  The combustible gas flowing into the recombustion chamber 4 is mixed with sufficient combustion air by the stabilizer 27 and swirled. The combustible gas swirled by the stabilizer 27 is mixed with sufficient combustion air flowing in from the third air blowing port 28, and is burned completely by being retained for a sufficient period of time, and contains CO and the like. Exhaust gas is discharged from the chimney 6. In addition, since the combustible gas is sufficiently heated by the first heating element 14 and the second heating element 21, harmful substances such as dioxins that are rendered harmless by a high temperature of 800 ° C. or higher are also rendered harmless.

  The gasification incinerator 1 to which the present invention is applied has a first heating element 14 that is rapidly heated by energizing the input combusted material in the combustion chamber 3 to heat it as a heat source to gasify it. The air can be increased from the air blowing port 16 to burn the residue after gasification, and the ash generated by the combustion can be melted and discharged from the discharge port 7 as slag. In addition, before the gas gasified in the combustion chamber 3 flows into the recombustion chamber 4, the second heating element 21 heated rapidly by energizing the gas flow path 5 is used as a heat source and the second air Since it is mixed with the air blown from the blower port 28 and further mixed with the air blown from the third air blower port 28 in the recombustion chamber 4, the burned material is completely burned at a high temperature. It can prevent soot and scum, dust and bad odors, and various harmful effects synthesized during combustion enable flue gas and safe combustion of combustibles.

  In the gasification incinerator 1 described above, the combustion chamber 3 and the recombustion chamber 4 are formed in a rectangular tube shape, but may be formed in a cylindrical shape. When the combustion chamber and the recombustion chamber are formed in a cylindrical shape, swirling by the stabilizer becomes more efficient, and the time that the gas stays in the recombustion chamber increases, so that the gas and air are mixed sufficiently. Can be burned completely.

(Experimental example)
FIG. 5 shows the result of an experiment conducted with the gasification incinerator described above. In FIG. 5, the vertical axis represents temperature (° C.), the horizontal axis represents time (minutes), the solid line portion (a) represents the temperature in the recombustion chamber, the alternate long and short dash line portion (b) represents the temperature in the combustion chamber, Dotted lines (c) and (d) indicate the temperatures of the first and second heating elements, which are heat sources, respectively. In FIG. 5, the vertical axis represents furnace pressure (Pa) and the horizontal axis represents time (minutes), and the two-dot chain line portion (e) represents the furnace pressure inside the gasification incinerator 1.

  Table 1 shows the data of the combusted material and Table 2 shows the capacity of the gasification incinerator. In addition, Table 3 shows consumption electricity usage data in the first heating element and the second heating element in this experiment.

  From FIG. 5, it can be confirmed that the combustion temperature in the re-combustion chamber is 800 ° C. or higher, and various harmful substances such as dioxins can be burned completely, and from Table 3, the total electric power used (KW = A × V) is about 28 KW It was confirmed that operation was possible with very low power consumption. It was also confirmed that the gasification incinerator can be operated at almost atmospheric pressure.

It is front sectional drawing of the gasification incinerator to which this invention is applied. It is AA sectional drawing shown in FIG. 1 of the gasification incinerator to which this invention is applied. It is BB sectional drawing shown in FIG. 1 of the gasification incinerator to which this invention is applied. It is CC sectional drawing shown in FIG.2 and FIG.3 of the gasification incinerator to which this invention is applied. Changes in the temperature of the combustion chamber, the recombustion chamber, the first heating element and the second heating element with time in the experimental example of the gasification incinerator to which the present invention is applied, and the change in pressure in the furnace with time FIG.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Gasification incinerator, 2 Input port, 3 Combustion chamber, 4 Recombustion chamber, 5 Gas flow path, 6 Chimney, 7 Exhaust port, 8 Water tank, 9 Hood, 11, 12, 13 Thermal insulation, 14 1st heat_generation | fever 15 first electrode plate, 16 first air blowing port, 17 grate, 21 second heating element, 22 second electrode plate, 27 stabilizer, 26 second air blowing port, 28 third Air vent

Claims (6)

An inlet for injecting combustibles;
A combustion chamber for gasifying the combustibles input from the input port, combusting residues generated by the gasification, and melting ash generated by the combustion;
A first heating element that is disposed in the combustion chamber and that heats the combustion object;
A first air blowing port for blowing air into the combustion chamber;
An outlet for discharging slag obtained by melting the ash generated by the combustion;
A recombustion chamber for burning the gas generated by gasifying the combusted material;
A flow path communicating the combustion chamber and the recombustion chamber;
A second heating element that is disposed in the flow path and heats the gas flowing into the recombustion chamber;
A second air blowing port for blowing air into the recombustion chamber;
A chimney that exhausts exhaust gas generated by burning the gas in the re-combustion chamber;
A heat insulating material surrounding the combustion chamber and the recombustion chamber,
The gasification incinerator in which the first heating element and the second heating element generate heat when energized.   2. The gas according to claim 1, wherein the first heating element is formed by forming a coating made of one or more of chromium, molybdenum, aluminum, and magnesium on the surface of the granular carbonaceous material. Incinerator.   The gasification incinerator according to claim 2, wherein the carbonaceous material is charcoal, coke or coal.   The gasification incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the second heating element is provided on an inner peripheral side of a ceramic cylinder. The first air blowing port can adjust the amount of air blown to the combustion chamber,
The gasification incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the second air blowing port is capable of adjusting an amount of air blown to the recombustion chamber. The first air blowing port gasifies the combustible by setting the amount of air to be blown to the combustion chamber to be equal to or less than the theoretical air amount, and the amount of air to be blown to the combustion chamber is the theoretical air. 6. The gasification incinerator according to claim 5, wherein the residue of the combusted material after gasification is combusted by making the amount or more, and the ash generated by the combustion is melted.
(Here, the theoretical air amount is the amount of air necessary for the combustion object to be thermally decomposed.)

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