JP3543056B2 - High pyrolysis apparatus, control method and control apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention relates to a high thermal decomposition apparatus for thermally decomposing an object to be decomposed at a high temperature, and a control method and a control apparatus for the high thermal decomposition apparatus. More specifically, the object to be decomposed is heated and decomposed at a high temperature to gasify it. A primary cracking chamber, and a high-thermal cracking device including a secondary cracking chamber, wherein the gas of the substance to be decomposed, which has been decomposed and gasified by being heated in the primary cracking chamber, is secondarily decomposed by passing between particulate heating elements, and The present invention relates to a control method and a control device for a high thermal decomposition apparatus.
[0002]
[Prior art]
When various types of waste are incinerated by a garbage incinerator, dust such as soot and various types of cinders generated by this incineration, odors, and various harmful substances synthesized during combustion are mixed with smoke and exhaust gas. It is released to the atmosphere, causing pollution by the smoke and exhaust gas.
[0003]
In particular, in the flue gas generated when incinerating discarded tires, plastics, paints, and other various resin products, in addition to the dusts and odors, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, etc. Various harmful substances such as substances and dioxins are contained, and the emission of smoke containing such various harmful substances to the atmosphere causes air pollution and environmental destruction. Above all, the release of dioxin, which is known as a highly toxic substance, has serious effects on the surrounding environment, such as impairing the health of nearby residents, causing malformations of animals and plants, and causing pollution. How to prevent the emission of waste is an important issue.
[0004]
For the purpose of removing such harmful substances, for example, there is an incinerator in which an air-fuel mixture of petroleum fuel such as kerosene or heavy oil and air is supplied into an incinerator and burned together with waste at a temperature of 700 to 800 ° C. Exists.
[0005]
As described above, in a conventional incinerator that burns waste together with kerosene and heavy oil, the chlorine compound contained in the waste is separated from other chlorine compounds because the combustion of the waste is performed at a temperature of about 800 ° C. or less. Combination with the substance promotes the production of dioxin.
[0006]
In this type of incinerator, a flame is injected by a burner using kerosene, heavy oil, gas, etc. into the smoke generated by incineration of the waste in order to purify the smoke discharged from the incinerator. A method of burning and removing the harmful substances and the like contained in the exhaust gas has been proposed.
[0007]
However, even with combustion by a burner, the flue gas does not come into contact with the flame completely and the temperature is low, so that some harmful substances such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, soot, and foul odors are burned, and the flue gas is colorless. Even if it can be deodorized, it cannot detoxify dioxin which is decomposed for the first time at a temperature of 1400 ° C. or higher, and other harmful substances which are detoxified for the first time at a high temperature.
[0008]
In addition, the heat source of this type of conventional incinerator, which is composed of a burner using kerosene, heavy oil, gas or the like as a fuel, is itself large-scale and makes the unit itself expensive.
[0009]
In order to solve such problems, the applicant of the present invention has provided a heating element capable of generating a high temperature of 1400 ° C. or more by electric resistance and arc discharge by connecting to a power supply, and the heating element. An application for a secondary incineration apparatus for smoke exhaust or the like, which can also detoxify or remove harmful substances such as dioxin (Japanese Patent Application No. 9-245780).
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
According to the above-described secondary incineration apparatus, it is possible to introduce the exhaust gas discharged from the incinerator or the like and appropriately incinerate it, but the primary incineration chamber for primary incineration of the incinerated material However, for example, in the case of a normal incinerator using petroleum or the like as a fuel, the incinerated material put in the primary chamber is not always completely incinerated, and the incinerator or ash containing harmful substances etc. Ash residue may remain in the primary incinerator.
[0011]
Such incinerated ash may contain harmful substances at a higher concentration than smoke and exhaust gas, and if it is buried in the soil as it is and disposed of, it may cause soil contamination, If it penetrates into the soil and mixes into groundwater used for drinking, etc., it may cause pollution. Therefore, the incineration ash remaining in the primary incineration chamber after incineration in this way requires enormous cost and labor to dispose, such as burying it in the ground after solidifying it with concrete etc. so that harmful substances do not leak .
[0012]
In addition, if the incinerator is not controlled efficiently, not only does the cost required for incineration of the incinerated material increase, but also the amount, characteristics, etc. of the incinerated object, the incineration temperature, If the incineration time is not appropriately controlled, incineration ash containing harmful substances such as dioxin described above is generated, and exhaust gas and smoke exhaust gas in a state where harmful substances are not completely removed or detoxified are released to the atmosphere. May be present. Further, in a high pyrolysis apparatus having a high-temperature heating chamber capable of removing or detoxifying harmful substances such as dioxin, it is necessary to control the pyrolysis of incinerated materials safely.
[0013]
Accordingly, a first object of the present invention is to substantially completely remove or detoxify harmful substances in flue gas generated by decomposition of incinerated substances (decomposed substances) and generate harmful incinerated ash. An object of the present invention is to provide a high thermal decomposition apparatus capable of decomposing a decomposition target without causing the decomposition.
[0014]
Another object of the present invention is to appropriately control the high thermal decomposition apparatus as described above, so that high thermal decomposition can be performed safely, the operation efficiency of the incinerator is improved, and harmful substances such as dioxin are reduced. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and an apparatus for controlling a high thermal decomposition apparatus capable of almost completely removing or rendering harmless.
[0015]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the high pyrolysis apparatus 10 of the present invention,A primary decomposition chamber 12 for thermally decomposing and decomposing a decomposition substance into gas is provided, and a discharge port 42 communicating with the primary decomposition chamber 12 and communicating outside the machine is provided.I gotSecondary decomposition chamber14, a carbon film formed by forming a carbon material to a predetermined particle size, a metal coating made of at least one of chromium, molybdenum, aluminum, and magnesium is formed on the surface of the carbon granules, and a large number of polymer coatings are arranged. While the granular heating elements 15 and 16 that generate a high temperature of 1400 ° C. or more when energized in a heated state are accommodated,
A means such as a blower 38 is provided for sucking air on the discharge port 42 side of the secondary decomposition chamber 14 and discharging the air to the outside of the apparatus. The generated gas is passed through between the heating elements 16 in the secondary decomposition chamber 14, is thermally decomposed, and is discharged outside the apparatus.
[0017]
Further, an inlet 22 for charging the decomposition target into the primary decomposition chamber 12 of the high thermal decomposition furnace 10 having the above-described configuration, a door 23 for covering the inlet 22, and a member for locking the door 23 in a closed state. A method for controlling the operation of the high pyrolysis furnace 10 provided with the stop mechanism 28 according to the present invention,
After fixing the locking mechanism 28 (FIG. 2) at the locking position of the door 23, starting energizing the heating element 16 provided in the secondary decomposition chamber 14;
After a lapse of a predetermined time from the start of energization to the heating element 16 in the secondary decomposition chamber 14 or after the heat generation temperature of the heating element 16 in the secondary decomposition chamber 14 exceeds a predetermined temperature, the primary decomposition chamber 12 Starting energization of the heating element 15 provided therein, and starting suction of air at the discharge port 42 side of the secondary decomposition chamber 14 in synchronization with energization of the heating element 15 in the primary decomposition chamber 12. ,
After the set time has elapsed, the power supply to the heating elements 15 and 16 in the primary decomposition chamber 12 and the secondary decomposition chamber 14 is stopped, and the locking mechanism 28 is returned to a state where the door 23 can be opened. It is characterized by including.
[0018]
In the control method, the heating elements 15 and 16 in the primary decomposition chamber 12 and the secondary decomposition chamber 14 are supplied with a constant power and a constant current for the set time so that the heating temperatures of the heating elements 15 and 16 are constant. It can be controlled to maintain the temperature.
[0019]
Further, the control device 48 for performing the control method includes means for fixing the locking mechanism 28 at a locking position of the door 23,
After a predetermined time elapses after the energization of the heating element 16 in the secondary decomposition chamber 14 starts, or after the heating element 16 in the secondary decomposition chamber 14 exceeds a predetermined temperature, A blower 38 or the like which starts energization of the provided heating element 15 and starts suction of air at the discharge port 42 side of the secondary decomposition chamber 14 in synchronization with energization of the heating element 15 in the primary decomposition chamber 12. Means,
Means for stopping the energization of the heating elements 15 and 16 in the primary decomposition chamber 12 and the secondary decomposition chamber 14 when the set time has elapsed, and for returning the locking mechanism 28 to a state where the door 23 can be opened. It is characterized by having.
[0020]
In the control device 48, the primary decomposition chamber 12 and the secondary decomposition chamber 12 serve as means for maintaining the heat generated by the heating elements 15, 16 disposed in the primary decomposition chamber 12 and the secondary decomposition chamber 14 at a constant temperature. There is provided a means for controlling energization of the heating elements 15 and 16 disposed in the chamber 14 to constant power and constant current for a set time.
[0021]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0022]
FIGS. 1 to 4 show a high pyrolysis apparatus 10 of the present invention, and FIGS. 5 and 6 show a secondary decomposition chamber 14 provided in the high pyrolysis apparatus 10, and FIGS. 3 and FIG. 4 show a high pyrolysis apparatus 10 which is smaller than the high pyrolysis apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, and FIG. 5 and FIG. Only an example of the configuration of the chamber 14 is shown.
[0023]
As an example of the high thermal decomposition apparatus 10, the high thermal decomposition apparatus 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 will be described as an example. The high thermal decomposition apparatus 10 includes a primary decomposition chamber 12 into which wastes and the like are charged and thermally decomposed. There is provided a secondary decomposition chamber 14 (14a, 14b) for further thermally decomposing and removing or removing the exhaust gas, smoke and the like generated during the decomposition by the primary decomposition chamber 12.
[0024]
The primary decomposition chamber 12 is provided with a heating element 15 for heating the substance to be decomposed therein.HaveAt the same time, the inner wall is covered with a heat insulating material 18 that can withstand the heat generated by the heating element 15.
[0025]
The heating element 15 may be made of, for example, charcoal, coke, or other various carbonaceous materials formed into a predetermined particle size, and a surface of a carbon particle formed of at least one of chromium, molybdenum, aluminum, and magnesium. A predetermined amount of a heating element having a coating formed thereon is filled in the primary decomposition chamber, and electricity is supplied to the filled heating element, thereby generating heat by arc discharge and electric resistance generated from a contact portion between the heating elements. The heating element of Japanese Patent Application No. 9-245780 can be used.
[0026]
In the present embodiment, the heating element 15 as described above is stacked and filled at a predetermined height on the bottom surface of the primary decomposition chamber 12, and the electrodes 20, 20 are brought into contact with the heating element 15. When the power is connected to a power source (not shown) and the power is supplied, the electric resistance of the heating element 15, the contact resistance between the stacked heating elements 15, and the arc discharge generated between the heating elements 15 cause the temperature of 1400 ° C. or more. It generates heat to temperature.
[0027]
In addition, the heat insulating material 18 covering the inner wall of the primary decomposition chamber 12 has heat resistance enough to withstand the heat generated by the heating element 15, and in the present embodiment, the silica pearlite and the silica pearlite are used. 10 to 20% by weight of sodium chloride, 25 to 35% by weight of magnesium silicate, 35 to 45% by weight of sodium silicate, 10 to 20% by weight of calcium, 50 to 150% by weight of water and optionally A heat insulating material described in Japanese Patent Application No. 9-245780, which is formed by mixing and kneading 10 to 30% by weight of a metal powder composed of chromium and / or molybdenum, followed by molding and drying.
[0028]
In the primary decomposition chamber 12 formed as described above, an inlet 22 for inputting a decomposition target to be decomposed in the primary decomposition chamber 12 is provided in the primary decomposition chamber 12 in the present embodiment. The inlet 22 is covered by a door 23 formed on a side wall and covered on one side with a heat insulating material 18 similar to the heat insulating material 18.
[0029]
The door 23 is urged toward the door 23 by, for example, an urging means such as a spring, and covers the input port 22 with, for example, a key-claw-shaped locking mechanism 28 that locks the door 23 in a closed state. It is configured so that it can be fixed in a state.
[0030]
Further, the locking mechanism 28 of the door 23 locks the locking mechanism 28 in a state where the door 23 is closed by operating, for example, a servo motor, a solenoid, or the like, which is operated by a predetermined electric signal or the like, or Can be controlled by the locking mechanism control means 52 for canceling.
[0031]
At the top of the primary decomposition chamber 12, a secondary decomposition chamber 14 (14a, 14b) communicating with the primary decomposition chamber 12 is formed. In the present embodiment, the secondary decomposition chamber 14 is opened above the primary decomposition chamber 12. A perforated plate 34 forms a chamber 14a having a substantially trapezoidal cross section, which is partitioned from the primary decomposition chamber 12, and the chamber 14a, which has a substantially trapezoidal cross section, is further partitioned from the chamber 14a by an aperture plate 35. A chamber 14b is formed, and a flue 32 formed in a substantially rectangular tube shape communicates with the chamber 14b.
[0032]
In each of the chambers 14a and 14b defined by the aperture plates 34 and 35, the same heating element 16 as that arranged in the primary decomposition chamber 12 is placed on the aperture plate 34. The two chambers 14 a and 14 b formed on the primary decomposition chamber 12 by filling are used as the secondary decomposition chamber 14.
[0033]
In the present embodiment, an example is shown in which the secondary decomposition chamber 14 is formed into two chambers 14a and 14b. However, the secondary decomposition chamber 14 may be a single chamber, or two or more. It may be constituted by more.
[0034]
In the secondary decomposition chamber 14 (14a, 14b), an electrode 21 (21a, 21a: 21b, 21b) for connecting the heating element 16 to a power supply (not shown) is arranged. , 21a: 21b, 21b), for example, the aperture plate 34 is formed as a perforated metal or a wire mesh made of a material having heat resistance and conductivity, and the aperture plate 34 itself is connected to the electrodes 21 and 21. However, in the present embodiment, the plate-shaped electrode plate 21 is provided on the aperture plate 34 at a position facing the inner wall of the secondary decomposition chamber 14 (14a, 14b). By connecting (21a, 21a: 21b, 21b) to a power source (not shown), the heating elements 16, 16 arranged between the electrodes 21 (21a, 21a: 21b, 21b) can be energized. .
[0035]
An opening 24 is formed in the secondary decomposition chamber 14 (14a, 14b) thus formed as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and a heat insulating material is attached to one side covering the opening 24. The opening 24 is covered with a door 25, and the heating elements 16, 16 filled therein can be replaced, replenished, and the like.
[0036]
The door 25 can be provided with a locking mechanism like the door 23 that covers the input port 22 formed in the primary decomposition chamber 12, and a mechanism that locks the locking mechanism in a closed state is provided. It can also be provided.
[0037]
A viewing window 44 in which heat-resistant glass or the like is fitted is formed on the outer wall of the secondary decomposition chamber 14 (14a, 14b) so that the state inside the secondary decomposition chamber 14 (14a, 14b) can be visually checked. (See FIGS. 5 and 6).
[0038]
Further, a flue 32 formed above the secondary decomposition chamber 14 and communicated with the secondary decomposition chamber 14 (14a, 14b) through the discharge port 42 of the secondary decomposition chamber 14 (14a, 14b). A suction pipe 36 that opens upward from the flue 32 is disposed at the center of the flue 32, and the lower end of the suction pipe 36 is bent horizontally to form a side wall of the flue 32. A blower 38 for sucking the inside of the flue 32 is connected to one end of a suction pipe 36 protruding from the side wall.
[0039]
Therefore, by operating the blower 38, outside air is introduced into the flue 32, and the air in the flue 32 is sucked from the upper end opening of the suction pipe 36, so that the decomposed substance is in the primary decomposition chamber 12. Exhaust gas, exhaust gas, and the like generated by thermal decomposition due to the heat of the air are introduced into the secondary decomposition chamber 14 (14a, 14b), and harmful substances are completely removed in the secondary decomposition chamber 14 (14a, 14b). Or detoxified and discharged outside the machine.
[0040]
The high thermal decomposition apparatus 10 configured as described above controls each device provided in the high thermal decomposition apparatus 10 toSolutionA control device 48 for controlling the operation of the device 10 is provided.
[0041]
The control device 48 is used in combination with the high thermal decomposition device 10 to efficiently and safely operate the high thermal decomposition device, and to operate the high thermal decomposition device 10 in a state where dioxins and the like are not generated. In the present embodiment, a temperature control means 50 for controlling the temperature in the primary decomposition chamber 12 and the secondary decomposition chamber 14 (14a, 14b) of the high thermal decomposition apparatus 10 to the set temperature for a set time, The locking mechanism control means 52 for controlling the locking mechanism 28 of the door 23 (or 23, 25), the shortage of heat source detecting means 56 for detecting the shortage of the heat source as a heat source, and the overall operation of the high thermal decomposition apparatus 10 An operation control means 54 for performing overall control is provided.
[0042]
In addition to the control means, the control device 48 is provided with, for example, a leakage detection means for detecting a leakage and turning off the main power supply of the high thermal decomposition apparatus, and overcurrent and overpower are supplied to the high thermal decomposition apparatus. When the temperature in the primary and secondary decomposition chambers 13 and 14 formed in the high thermal decomposition apparatus is excessively high, the overcurrent / overpower protection means for turning off the main power supply and the like of the apparatus is turned off. A protection means such as an over-temperature protection means for turning off the main power supply of the apparatus may be provided.
[0043]
The temperature control means 50 controls the temperature of the heat generated by the heating elements 15 and 16 and the time of the heat generation of the heating elements 15 and 16 by adjusting the current, voltage, conduction time and the like applied to the heating element 16.
[0044]
The locking mechanism control means 52 for controlling the locking mechanism 28 of the door 23, for example, locks the primary decomposition chamber 12 (the door 25 of the secondary decomposition chamber 14 When a mechanism is provided, the locking mechanism 28 of the door 23 (or 23, 25) provided in the primary decomposition chamber 12 and the secondary decomposition chamber 14) is locked in a closed state. The locking mechanism 28 of the door 23 (or 23, 25) is fixed in a closed state by moving the lock forward and backward by, for example, a servo motor or a solenoid interlocked with the ON of a start switch of the high thermal decomposition apparatus 10. The door locking mechanism may be provided with a pressure switch or the like at the door and an opening covered by the door, and the pressure switch may detect that the door is closed. When it is detected by the pressure switch or the like that the door is in the closed state, the high thermal decomposition apparatus 10 may be configured to be operable.
[0045]
In addition, the heat source shortage detecting means 56 focuses on the fact that, for example, when the heating elements 15 and 16 decrease, the resistance values of the heating elements 15 and 16 increase. The shortage of the heating elements 15 and 16 is detected based on the voltage and current detected by the means. For example, an electrode rod is provided on the heating element, and the electrode rod and the heating elements 15 and 16 generate heat. Therefore, when a shortage of the heating elements 15 and 16 is detected by detecting a change in the resistance value between the electrodes (20 or 21) in contact with the heating elements 15 and 16, a warning light provided on the display panel is provided. Or the like is turned on to warn of the shortage of the heating elements 15 and 16.
[0046]
The thermal decomposition apparatus 10 configured as described above is operated as follows by the operation control means 54 which controls the overall operation of the high thermal decomposition apparatus 10 by controlling the above-mentioned devices and each control means comprehensively.
[0047]
After the material to be decomposed is charged into the primary decomposition chamber 12 of the high thermal decomposition apparatus 10, the door 23 covering the inlet 22 formed on the side wall of the primary decomposition chamber 12 is fixed in a closed state by the locking mechanism 28. The high thermal decomposition apparatus 10 is in an operable state when, for example, a pressure switch provided in the vicinity of the locking mechanism 28 of the door 23 detects that the door 23 is locked.
[0048]
In this state, when a main power supply (leakage breaker) provided in the control panel is turned on, the high thermal decomposition apparatus 10 enters a standby state by turning on the main power supply.
[0049]
In a standby state in which the main power supply is turned on, by operating switches provided on the control panel, for example, the temperature in the decomposition chambers 12 and 14 and the temperature of the heating elements 15 and 16 are determined according to the type of the decomposition target to be decomposed. When the heat generation time or the like is set, the inside of the primary decomposition chamber 12 and the secondary decomposition chamber 14 is maintained at the set temperature for a predetermined time according to the set value, or the heating element 15 is changed so that the temperature changes according to the setting. , 16 are automatically controlled by a temperature control means 50 including a resistor, a timer, and the like.
[0050]
The temperature in the primary decomposition chamber 12 and the secondary decomposition chamber 14 (14a, 14b) and the heat generation time of the heating element 16 are fed into the primary decomposition chamber 12 by operating switches provided on an operation panel, for example. By inputting the type, amount, etc. of the decomposed substance, the thermal decomposition apparatus 10 operates according to a decomposition temperature, a decomposition time, etc., which are set in advance as suitable for decomposing the decomposed substance under the input conditions. It can also be configured as follows.
[0051]
The control of the current, the voltage and the like is performed by measuring the temperatures in the primary decomposition chamber 12 and the secondary decomposition chamber 14 (14a, 14b), and adjusting the temperature in the decomposition chambers 12, 14 (14a, 14b) to a predetermined temperature. For example, based on the characteristic of the heating element 16, for example, based on a previously measured relationship between the resistance value and the temperature of the heating element 16, the heating element 16 of the high pyrolysis apparatus 10 in operation can be controlled. The temperature in the decomposition chambers 12, 14 (14a, 14b) can be controlled to be constant by controlling the voltage, current, and the like applied to the heating element based on the change in the resistance value.
[0052]
As described above, after setting the temperature, decomposition time, and the like in the primary decomposition chamber 12 and the secondary decomposition chamber 14 (14a, 14b) in accordance with the type of the decomposition target, the high thermal decomposition apparatus provided in the control panel When the start switch 10 is turned ON, heat generation by the heat generating body 16 in the secondary decomposition chamber 14 (14a, 14b) is started.
[0053]
In this way, by energizing the heating element 16 in the secondary decomposition chamber 14 (14a, 14b), the heating element 16 in the secondary decomposition chamber 14 (14a, 14b) generates a high temperature of, for example, 1500 ° C. or more, Energization of the heating element 15 provided in the primary decomposition chamber 12 is started, and the heating element 15 in the primary decomposition chamber 12 similarly generates a high temperature of 1500 ° C. or more. The blower 38 connected to the suction pipe 36 opened at the upper part of the secondary decomposition chamber 14 (14a, 14b) operates with the heat generated by the heating element 15 in the primary decomposition chamber 12, and the primary decomposition chamber is operated. An air flow is generated from 12 toward the secondary decomposition chamber 14 (14a, 14b).
[0054]
Further, the locking mechanism control means 52 outputs a predetermined electric signal or the like to drive, for example, a servomotor or a solenoid, locks the locking mechanism 28 in a closed state, and locks the locking mechanism 28 in the closed state. When the door 25 of the next decomposition chamber 14 has a locking mechanism, the door 23 (or 23, 25) that covers the opening 22 (or 22, 24) of the primary decomposition chamber 12 and the secondary decomposition chamber 14) is provided. It cannot be opened. As described above, the structure in which the door 23 of the primary decomposition chamber 12 cannot be opened during the decomposition of the decomposition object by the high thermal decomposition apparatus 10 is as described above. Since the decomposition is performed at a high temperature of 1400 ° C. or higher, preferably 1500 ° C. or higher and in a state of no air supply, when a large amount of outside air is introduced into the primary decomposition chamber 12 by opening the door 23, This is because the decomposed material in the primary decomposition chamber 12 starts burning rapidly due to the introduction of the outside air, and the flame blows out from the inlet 22 to be extremely dangerous.
[0055]
The energization of the heating element 15 in the primary decomposition chamber 12 is performed when the temperature of the heating element 16 in the secondary decomposition chamber 14 (14a, 14b) is measured and the heating element reaches a predetermined temperature. Alternatively, based on the characteristics of the heating element 16 measured in advance, a time required to achieve a desired temperature is set by a timer, and after this time, the heating element 16 in the primary decomposition chamber 12 is energized. It can also be configured.
[0056]
When the energization of the heating element 15 in the primary decomposition chamber 12 is started in this way, the heating element 15 generates heat and the substance to be decomposed introduced into the primary decomposition chamber 12 is burned or thermally decomposed. Or, exhaust gas, smoke and the like generated during the thermal decomposition are introduced into the secondary decomposition chamber 14 (14a, 14b).
[0057]
The exhaust gas and smoke introduced into the secondary decomposition chamber 14 (14a, 14b) are heated to a high temperature of 1400 ° C. or more, preferably 1500 ° C. or more. When passing between the heating elements 16 in the inside, it is thermally decomposed again to remove or detoxify the exhaust gas and the harmful substances in the exhaust gas, and the air is exhausted outside through the suction pipe 36 with the suction by the blower 38. Is discharged.
[0058]
As described above, the heating elements 15, 16 in the primary decomposition chamber 12 and the secondary decomposition chamber 14 (14a, 14b) are heated to a predetermined temperature for a set time, and the type of the decomposed substance and the like are input. When the time set in accordance with the time elapses, the power supply to the heating elements 15 and 16 in the primary decomposition chamber 12 and the secondary decomposition chamber 14 (14a, 14b) is cut off, and the blower 38 stops to operate the high thermal decomposition apparatus. 10 stops. Further, a predetermined electric signal or the like is output from the locking mechanism control means 52 to release the locking of the locking mechanism 28 in the closed state, and the input port 22 of the primary decomposition chamber 12 and the opening 24 of the secondary decomposition chamber 14 are opened. Can be opened.
[0059]
According to the above-described high thermal decomposition apparatus 10 of the present embodiment, the temperature and the like in the primary decomposition chamber 12 and the secondary decomposition chamber 14 (14a, 14b) are set to a temperature or the like set in accordance with the characteristics and the amount of the decomposition target. Is suitably adjusted, and the decomposition of the decomposed substance is performed without introducing outside air in any of the primary decomposition chamber 12 and the secondary decomposition chamber 14 (14a, 14b). There is no danger of being discharged, and, for example, in the case of a substance to be decomposed made of petroleum raw material such as plastic, it is completely gasified by thermal decomposition, and no residue after thermal decomposition remains. Is also unnecessary.
[0060]
In addition, in the case of leftovers, building waste materials and other wastes, the residues generated by the incineration are harmless because they are completely carbonized, and the residues can be used, for example, as agricultural and horticultural fertilizers.
[0061]
Therefore, according to the high thermal decomposition apparatus 10 described above, it is also possible to put the waste material to be decomposed into the high thermal decomposition apparatus 10 and separate it without separating it.
[0062]
【The invention's effect】
With the configuration of the present invention described above, it is possible to completely decompose the decomposed substance to remove or detoxify harmful substances in flue gas, and to generate high incineration ash that does not generate incinerated ash containing harmful substances. A disassembly device could be provided.
[0063]
In particular, the heating element disposed in the secondary decomposition chamber is a granular heating element, and smoke or exhaust gas generated in the primary decomposition chamber is passed between the granular heating elements, so that the smoke or exhaust gas is generated by the heating element. A high pyrolysis apparatus capable of almost completely removing or detoxifying harmful substances contained in flue gas or exhaust gas which is thermally decomposed at a high temperature close to the heat generation temperature and discharged outside the machine could be provided.
[0064]
Further, by controlling the high pyrolysis device by the control method and the control device of the present invention, the high pyrolysis device can be operated safely and efficiently, and when the high pyrolysis device is thermally decomposed by the high pyrolysis device, , A control method and a device that do not generate harmful substances such as dioxin can be provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front view showing an embodiment of a pyrolysis apparatus controlled by the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line II-II of FIG.
FIG. 3 is a front view showing an embodiment of a pyrolysis apparatus controlled by the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a front view showing an embodiment of a pyrolysis apparatus controlled by the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line VII-VII of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram of the control device of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is an operation flow of a pyrolysis apparatus provided with the control device of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
10 High thermal decomposition equipment
12 Primary decomposition chamber
14 Secondary decomposition chamber
14a, 14b Each room of secondary decomposition room
15 Heating element (of primary decomposition chamber)
16 Heating element (of secondary decomposition chamber)
18 Insulation
20 electrodes (of primary decomposition chamber)
21 (21a, 21b) electrode (of secondary decomposition chamber)
22 Input port
23 door
24 opening
25 door
28 Locking mechanism
30 communication port
32 flue
34,35 partition (opening plate)
36 suction pipe
38 Blower
42 outlet
44 Viewing Window
48 Controller
50 Temperature control means
52 Locking mechanism control means
54 operation control means
56 Heat source shortage detection means

Claims (5)

A primary decomposition chamber to gasify to be decomposed substance pyrolyzed, wherein communicates with the primary decomposition chamber, the secondary decomposition chamber example Bei release port communicating with the outside, the carbon material to a predetermined particle size, respectively A metal coating made of at least one of chromium, molybdenum, aluminum, and magnesium is formed on the surface of the formed carbon granules. While accommodating the granular heating element that generates
Means for sucking air on the discharge port side of the secondary decomposition chamber and discharging it to the outside of the machine,
High pyrolysis characterized in that gas generated by the decomposition of decomposed substances by the heat generated by the heating element in the primary decomposition chamber is passed between the heating elements in the secondary decomposition chamber and then thermally decomposed and released outside the machine apparatus. The high thermal decomposition apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the primary decomposition chamber is provided with an inlet for charging the decomposition object, a door for covering the inlet, and a locking mechanism for locking the door in a closed state. ,
  After fixing the locking mechanism at the locking position of the door, a step of starting energization of a heating element provided in the secondary decomposition chamber,
  After a lapse of a predetermined time from the start of energization of the heating element in the secondary decomposition chamber, or after the heat generation temperature of the heating element in the secondary decomposition chamber exceeds a predetermined temperature, the heating element provided in the primary decomposition chamber is A step of starting heat generation and starting suction of the atmosphere in the secondary decomposition chamber from the discharge port side of the secondary decomposition chamber in synchronization with the heat generation of the heating element in the primary decomposition chamber,
  The method comprises the steps of: stopping the energization of the heating elements in the primary decomposition chamber and the secondary decomposition chamber after the set time has elapsed, and returning the locking mechanism to a state in which a door can be opened. How to control the device. 3. The control method for a high thermal decomposition apparatus according to claim 2, wherein a constant power and a constant current are supplied to the heating elements of the primary decomposition chamber and the secondary decomposition chamber for the set time. 2. The high thermal decomposition apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the primary decomposition chamber is provided with an input port for inputting the decomposition target, a door covering the input port, and a locking mechanism for locking the door in a closed state. 3. A control device,
  Means for fixing the locking mechanism in a locking position of the door;
  After the start of energization to the heating element in the secondary decomposition chamber, after a lapse of a predetermined time, or after the secondary decomposition chamber exceeds a predetermined temperature, start energization to the heating element provided in the primary decomposition chamber. Means for starting suction in the secondary decomposition chamber from the discharge port side of the secondary decomposition chamber in synchronization with energization of the heating element in the primary decomposition chamber,
  Means for stopping power supply to the heating elements in the primary decomposition chamber and the secondary decomposition chamber after a set time has elapsed, and for returning the locking mechanism to a state in which a door can be opened. Control device for disassembly device. 5. The high thermal decomposition apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising an automatic constant power / constant current control means for controlling energization of the heating elements in the primary decomposition chamber and the secondary decomposition chamber to the constant power and the constant current for the set time. Control device.

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