JP2007303742A - Gasification incinerator - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a gasification incinerator, exerting no influence on heating performance even if a treated material is molten, having good heating efficiency on the treated material, facilitating temperature control and surely gasifying and incinerating treated material such as medical discarded material without generating harmful matter. <P>SOLUTION: In this gasification incinerator, a re-combustion chamber 3 is provided on the upper part, and a gasification chamber 2 communicated with the re-combustion chamber 3 and including an induction heating part 6 at the bottom is provided below it. The induction heating part 6 is constructed by disposing a heating element 9 in a fire-resisting container body 7 where an induction coil 8 is wound. The heating element 9 is constructed by an electric conductor-made heating block group of blocks or the like where a metal coating is formed on the surface of carbon material. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a gasification incinerator, more specifically, wastes such as medical waste, polymer waste plastics, and used diapers, and generation of harmful substances such as dioxins, carbon dioxide, nitrogen compounds, and sulfur oxides. The present invention relates to a gasification incinerator that performs gasification incineration at an ultra-high temperature while suppressing the above.

  Some wastes, especially medical wastes and waste plastics, are dioxins, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen compounds, sulfur oxides, etc. when subjected to general incineration at about 800-1200 ° C. Some of them generate harmful substances. Therefore, wastes that generate such harmful substances are subjected to combustion / pyrolysis treatment at ultrahigh temperatures of 2000 to 2500 ° C.

  As an ultrahigh pyrolysis furnace used for the above-mentioned application, there is one having a configuration shown in FIG. This is composed of a primary cracking furnace 52 provided with a heat treatment inlet 51, and a secondary cracking furnace 53 connected to the upper part of the primary cracking furnace 52 in a communicating state and having an exhaust port 54 on the upper surface. Heat generating elements 55 and 55a are provided at the bottoms of the cracking furnaces 52 and 53, respectively. A porous receiving plate 56 is disposed at the bottom of the secondary cracking furnace 53, and a heating element 55a is placed thereon. In addition, a blower 58 for generating an updraft in the furnace is installed above the secondary cracking furnace 53.

  The heating elements 55 and 55a are formed by collecting a large number of balls formed with a metal coating such as chromium, molybdenum, aluminum, and magnesium on the surface of a carbonaceous material such as graphite, activated carbon, charcoal, and coal. An electric current is applied by applying the electrode 57 to cause arc discharge between the balls to generate heat to an extremely high temperature. The heat generation temperature is raised to about 2000 to 2200 ° C. (see Japanese Patent No. 3192395).

  Processed materials such as medical waste and waste plastics that are input into the primary decomposition furnace 52 from the input port 51 are exposed to a high temperature of 2000 to 2500 ° C., are thermally decomposed, are gasified, and are raised. Pass through and enter the secondary cracking furnace 53. The gas then rises through the gap between the heating elements 55a, but when it passes, it is subjected to a high heat treatment again, and the contained harmful gas such as dioxin is decomposed and rendered harmless, and is discharged from the exhaust port 54.

  In the above conventional cracking furnace, there is a problem that the melt fills the space between the balls, particularly when vinyl chloride is contained in the treated material, preventing arc discharge between the balls. In addition, heating itself due to heat generated by arc discharge cannot be said to have good heating efficiency, and temperature control is not always easy.

Japanese Patent No. 3192395 Japanese Patent No. 3727917

  Since the conventional ultra-high pyrolysis furnace has the above-mentioned problems, the present invention does not have such a problem. That is, even if the processed material is melted, there is no influence on the heating performance, and the heating efficiency for the processed material. It is an object of the present invention to provide a gasification incinerator that is easy to control the temperature and that can reliably gasify and incinerate treated materials such as medical waste without generating harmful substances.

  A gasification incinerator according to the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is provided with a recombustion chamber at the top, and a gasification chamber having an induction heating unit at the bottom and communicating with the recombustion chamber below the recombustion chamber. The induction heating unit is characterized in that a heating element is disposed in a refractory body around which an induction coil is wound.

  The heating element is composed of a group of heating blocks made of an electrical conductor such as a block in which a metal film is formed on the surface of a carbonaceous material. Alternatively, the heating element is made of an electrical conductor such as carbon steel, is formed so as to exhibit a body shape corresponding to the inner surface shape of the refractory body, and is fitted into the refractory body.

  The refractory body has a conical or spherical inner bottom surface, and a melt discharge hole that passes through a slag chamber disposed under the gasification chamber is formed at the bottom.

  The present invention is as described above, and in the gasification incinerator according to the present invention, the treatment object is indirectly heated by heating the heating element by dielectric heating. The temperature is easy to control, and the melt flows down from the melt discharge hole at any time and is recovered in the slag chamber. There is an effect that the waste can be completely pyrolyzed to be made harmless gas and released.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a front view of the entire gasification incinerator according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the furnace body 1. The furnace body 1 includes a gasification chamber 2 and a recombustion chamber 3 located in the upper stage of the gasification chamber 2.

  On the side wall of the gasification chamber 2, an upper input port 4 for supplying a processed material is installed, and a lower input port 5 is installed below if necessary. An induction heating unit 6 for gasifying the processed material is disposed at the bottom of the gasification chamber 2. The induction heating unit 6 shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 is made of ceramics, in which an induction coil 8 is wound around a refractory body 7 having a conical or spherical inner bottom surface, and a heating element is housed in the refractory body 7. is there.

  The heating element emits ultra-high heat of about 2000 to 2500 ° C., and examples of the heating element used here include chromium, molybdenum, and aluminum on the surface of carbonaceous materials such as graphite, activated carbon, charcoal, and coal. In addition, a spherical or cubic block formed with a metal film such as magnesium, or other groups of heat blocks 9 made of electrical conductors can be formed.

  A discharge hole 10 through which the melt flows down is formed in the lowermost part (usually the central part) of the inner bottom surface of the refractory body 7. A slag chamber 11 having a slag outlet 12 is disposed under the discharge hole 10, and a melt flowing down from the discharge hole 10 as needed is stored therein. The slag solidified from the melt is taken out from the slag outlet 12 provided with the slag chamber 11 and collected.

  The induction heating unit 6 shown in FIG. 4 is typically made of ceramics, and an induction coil 8 is wound around a refractory body 13 having a U-shaped cross section. A conductive heat generating body 14 is fitted. Similarly to the refractory body 7, a discharge hole 15 for melt flow is formed on the bottom surface of the refractory body 13, and a discharge hole 16 communicating with the discharge hole 15 is also formed in the heat generating container 14.

  In the case of this embodiment, compared with the said embodiment, since the area which a processed material contacts the heat generating container 14 becomes large, heating efficiency improves more.

  Reference numeral 17 denotes a thermocouple for measuring the temperature in the gasification chamber 2, and 18 denotes an air hole for introducing air into the gasification chamber 2. Reference numeral 19 denotes a gasification chamber blower for sending air into the gasification chamber 2. Further, in FIG. 1, although hidden behind the gasification chamber blower 19, there is a recombustion chamber blower 20 for sending air into the recombustion chamber 3 on the back side.

  The recombustion chamber 3 is connected to the upper side of the gasification chamber 2 so as to communicate with the gasification chamber 2. The volume of the recombustion chamber 3 is made smaller than the volume of the gasification chamber 2, and an induction heating unit 21 for reburning is installed at the bottom. The induction heating unit 21 is obtained by winding an induction coil around a cylindrical body made of ceramics or the like.

  In the recombustion chamber 3, for example, a ventilation portion 22, which is an assembly of vertically oriented stainless steel pipes, is installed, and a reburning burner 23 is disposed on the outer wall of the recombustion chamber 3. Furthermore, an air passage 24 is formed through the side wall for introducing air sent from the recombustion chamber blower 20 (see FIG. 2).

  In FIG. 1, 25 is a thermocouple for the recombustion chamber 3, 26 is an air introduction hole, and 27 is a chimney. Reference numeral 28 denotes an oil tank connected to the reburn burner 23.

  In the above configuration, the processed material is charged into the gasification chamber 2 from the upper charging port 4, where it is combusted and pyrolyzed with ultrahigh heat of 2000 to 2500 ° C. by the induction heating unit 6, leaving almost ashes. It is gasified without.

  The smoke containing the gas rises, flows into the recombustion chamber 3 through the induction heating unit 21, is reheated by the induction heating unit 21, and is reburned by the action of the reburning burner 23. Thus, harmful substances such as dioxins and nitrogen compounds are reliably incinerated and rendered harmless, and are discharged from the chimney 27.

  Although the present invention has been described in some detail with respect to its most preferred embodiments, it will be apparent that a wide variety of different embodiments can be constructed without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, the invention being defined by the appended claims. It is not restricted to the specific embodiment other than limiting in.

It is a front view of the gasification combustion furnace which concerns on this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the furnace main body of the gasification combustion furnace which concerns on this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the structural example of the induction heating part in the gasification combustion furnace which concerns on this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the other structural example of the induction heating part in the gasification combustion furnace which concerns on this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows schematic structure of the conventional super high pyrolysis furnace.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Furnace body 2 Gasification chamber 3 Recombustion chamber 4 Upper inlet 5 Lower inlet 6 Induction heating part 7 Refractory body 8 Induction coil 9 Heat generation block 10 Discharge hole 11 Slag chamber 12 Slag outlet 13 Refractory body 14 Heat generation body 15, 16 Exhaust hole 17 Thermocouple 18 Air hole 19 Gasification chamber blower 20 Recombustion chamber blower 21 Induction heating unit 22 Ventilation unit 23 Reburning burner 24 Air passage 25 Thermocouple 26 Air introduction hole 27 Chimney 28 Oil tank

Claims (4)

A recombustion chamber is provided at the top, and a gasification chamber is provided below the recombustion chamber and provided with an induction heating unit at the bottom, and the induction heating unit is wound with an induction coil. A gasification incinerator characterized in that a heating element is arranged in a refractory container. The gasification incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the heating element is composed of a group of heating blocks made of electrical conductors. 2. The gasification incineration according to claim 1, wherein the heating element is made of an electrical conductor, is formed to exhibit a container shape corresponding to an inner surface shape of the refractory container, and is fitted into the refractory container. Furnace. The refractory body has a conical or spherical inner bottom surface, and a melt discharge hole is formed at the bottom of the refractory to pass through a slag chamber disposed under the gasification chamber. A gasification incinerator according to any one of the above.

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