JP2006002253A - 複合粉末および耐摩損皮膜 - Google Patents
複合粉末および耐摩損皮膜 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2006002253A JP2006002253A JP2005177734A JP2005177734A JP2006002253A JP 2006002253 A JP2006002253 A JP 2006002253A JP 2005177734 A JP2005177734 A JP 2005177734A JP 2005177734 A JP2005177734 A JP 2005177734A JP 2006002253 A JP2006002253 A JP 2006002253A
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- Prior art keywords
- powder
- composite powder
- wear
- femo
- coating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000007749 high velocity oxygen fuel spraying Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
- C22C30/02—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/045—Alloys based on refractory metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
- C23C4/08—Metallic material containing only metal elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/126—Detonation spraying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/129—Flame spraying
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12181—Composite powder [e.g., coated, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12806—Refractory [Group IVB, VB, or VIB] metal-base component
- Y10T428/12826—Group VIB metal-base component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12903—Cu-base component
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】 複合粉末は、約20重量%から約55重量%のFeと約45重量%から約80重量%のMoとを含むFeMo系第1粉末を含んでいる。この複合粉末は、FeMo系第1粉末と混合されたアルミニウム青銅系第2粉末も含んでいる。
【選択図】 なし
Description
Claims (5)
- 約20重量%から約55重量%のFeと約45重量%から約80重量%のMoとを含むFeMo系第1粉末と、
FeMo系第1粉末と混合されたアルミニウム青銅系第2粉末と
を含む複合粉末。 - FeMo系第1粉末が複合粉末の約25重量%から約99重量%を構成しており、アルミニウム青銅系第2粉末が複合粉末の約1重量%から約75重量%を構成している、請求項1に記載の複合粉末。
- FeMo系粉末とアルミニウム青銅粉末との混合物を含む複合粉末供給原料を得る工程と、
複合粉末供給原料を溶着装置に供給する工程と、
耐摩損皮膜を下地上に溶着する工程と
を含む耐摩損皮膜の形成方法。 - 少なくとも1つの磨耗面を有する下地と、
少なくとも1つの磨耗面上に少なくとも部分的に溶着された皮膜と
を含む耐摩損構成部材であって、
皮膜が約8重量%から約55重量%のFeと、約15重量%から約80重量%のMoと、約8重量%から約60重量%のCuと、約0.5重量%から約15重量%のAlとを含む、耐摩損構成部材。 - 構成部材がスラストボタンであり、皮膜が少なくとも8000psiの引張接着強さと、500グラムの荷重を使用した場合に約330から約550の間のヌープ硬さの値とを有する、請求項4に記載の耐摩損構成部材。
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/869,064 US7094474B2 (en) | 2004-06-17 | 2004-06-17 | Composite powder and gall-resistant coating |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2006002253A true JP2006002253A (ja) | 2006-01-05 |
Family
ID=35455151
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2005177734A Pending JP2006002253A (ja) | 2004-06-17 | 2005-06-17 | 複合粉末および耐摩損皮膜 |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US7094474B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2006002253A (ja) |
DE (1) | DE102005017059A1 (ja) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2009052114A (ja) * | 2007-08-29 | 2009-03-12 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | 三相から構成されるFe7Mo6基合金及びその製造方法 |
KR101029368B1 (ko) | 2010-08-26 | 2011-04-13 | 한국지질자원연구원 | 휘수연광으로부터 페로몰리브덴의 제조방법 |
WO2015190325A1 (ja) * | 2014-06-11 | 2015-12-17 | 日本発條株式会社 | 積層体の製造方法及び積層体 |
JP2017226923A (ja) * | 2017-09-20 | 2017-12-28 | 日本発條株式会社 | 積層体及び積層体の製造方法 |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102007019510B3 (de) * | 2007-04-25 | 2008-09-04 | Man Diesel A/S | Zu einer Gleitpaarung gehörendes Maschinenteil sowie Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
US20240344542A1 (en) * | 2023-04-14 | 2024-10-17 | Caterpillar Inc. | Surface coatings for decreasing clamp load loss |
Citations (6)
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JPS5651563A (en) * | 1979-10-02 | 1981-05-09 | Toyota Motor Corp | Sliding member |
JPS6115946A (ja) * | 1984-07-02 | 1986-01-24 | Toyota Motor Corp | 内燃機関の動弁系部材 |
JPH0324205A (ja) * | 1989-06-19 | 1991-02-01 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 金型の製造方法 |
JPH11264061A (ja) * | 1998-03-16 | 1999-09-28 | Suzuki Motor Corp | Al系材料とFe系材料との混合粉末溶射方法 |
JP2003138367A (ja) * | 2001-10-29 | 2003-05-14 | Sulzer Metco (Japan) Ltd | 溶射皮膜、溶射皮膜の形成方法及び溶射原料粉末 |
JP2003214433A (ja) * | 2002-01-21 | 2003-07-30 | Daido Metal Co Ltd | アルミニウム青銅軸受材料の製造方法 |
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US1654509A (en) * | 1924-08-30 | 1927-12-27 | Bound Brook Oil Less Bearing | Antifriction bearing and method of forming the same |
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-
2004
- 2004-06-17 US US10/869,064 patent/US7094474B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-04-13 DE DE102005017059A patent/DE102005017059A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2005-06-17 JP JP2005177734A patent/JP2006002253A/ja active Pending
- 2005-10-20 US US11/253,751 patent/US20060035019A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-10-20 US US11/253,752 patent/US7404841B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2009052114A (ja) * | 2007-08-29 | 2009-03-12 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | 三相から構成されるFe7Mo6基合金及びその製造方法 |
KR101029368B1 (ko) | 2010-08-26 | 2011-04-13 | 한국지질자원연구원 | 휘수연광으로부터 페로몰리브덴의 제조방법 |
US8268034B2 (en) | 2010-08-26 | 2012-09-18 | Korea Institute Of Geoscience And Mineral Resources (Kigam) | Manufacturing method of ferromolybdenum from molybdenite |
WO2015190325A1 (ja) * | 2014-06-11 | 2015-12-17 | 日本発條株式会社 | 積層体の製造方法及び積層体 |
JP2016000849A (ja) * | 2014-06-11 | 2016-01-07 | 日本発條株式会社 | 積層体の製造方法及び積層体 |
US10315388B2 (en) | 2014-06-11 | 2019-06-11 | Nhk Spring Co., Ltd. | Method of manufacturing laminate and laminate |
JP2017226923A (ja) * | 2017-09-20 | 2017-12-28 | 日本発條株式会社 | 積層体及び積層体の製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20060035019A1 (en) | 2006-02-16 |
US7094474B2 (en) | 2006-08-22 |
US7404841B2 (en) | 2008-07-29 |
US20060048605A1 (en) | 2006-03-09 |
US20050279186A1 (en) | 2005-12-22 |
DE102005017059A1 (de) | 2005-12-29 |
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