JP2005537132A - 炭化水素の自己熱交換式水蒸気リフォーミングのための多層触媒および前記触媒を使用する方法 - Google Patents
炭化水素の自己熱交換式水蒸気リフォーミングのための多層触媒および前記触媒を使用する方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
水蒸気リフォーミング法は断熱法で予熱温度に加熱した炭化水素、酸素および水または水蒸気の供給混合物を多層触媒上を通過することにより実施される。
前記触媒および方法は、有利に燃料電池のための、リフォーマー装置で水素含有燃料ガスを製造するために使用される。
Description
この方法はリフォーマー装置において、有利に燃料電池のための、水素または水素含有燃料ガスを製造するために使用される。
C8H18+8H2O ← → 8CO+17H2 ΔH=+1250kJ/モル(1)
水蒸気リフォーミング反応(1)の特徴的なパラメーターは水蒸気/炭素比S/Cである。反応式(1)においてS/Cは1に等しい。
C8H18+4O2 ← → 8CO(g)+9H2 ΔH=−685kJ/モル(2)
部分酸化の重要なパラメーターは空気係数λであり、λは全酸化に必要な酸素のモル数に対する使用される酸素のモル数の比として決定される(反応式(3)参照)。
C8H18+12.5O2 ← → 8CO2+9H2O λ=1 ΔH=−5102kJ/モル(3)
式(2)による炭化水素から一酸化炭素および水素への完全な反応のために、空気係数λ<1、理想的にはλ=4/12.5=0.32が必要である。
化物(CuO、ZnO)の分解または還元、従って高い温度の結果として貴金属成分との合金形成が起こり、長時間安定性が保証されないので、炭化水素の自己熱交換式リフォーミングに使用できない。
CO+H2O ← → H2+CO2;ΔH>0 (4)
反応式(4)による反応はこれ以後一酸化炭素変換またはCO変換と記載する。英語では水ガスシフト反応(Water Gas Shift reaction)がしばしば使用される。
例1
二層触媒(本発明による)
本発明の方法により二層触媒を使用してメタンをリフォーミングする。触媒はセル密度62セル/cm2および体積30mlを有する触媒被覆セラミックハネカム体である。
メタン:152g/h
水:454g/h、
空気:319stdl/h。
二層触媒(WO02/18269A2号による、本発明によらない)
本発明の方法により例1に記載されるように二層触媒を使用してメタンをリフォーミングする。触媒はセル密度62セル/cm2および体積30mlを有する触媒被覆セラミックハネカム体である。
メタン:152g/h
水:454g/h
空気:319stdl/h。
単層触媒(本発明によらない)
他の比較例として、セル密度62セル/cm2および体積30mlを有する触媒被覆セラミックハネカム体を同様に使用する。単層系での触媒被覆はロジウム/酸化アルミニウム担持触媒からなり、ハネカム体に150g/lの濃度で被覆する。
三層触媒(本発明による)
本発明の方法により三層触媒を使用してメタンをリフォーミングする。触媒はセル密度62セル/cm2および体積30mlを有する触媒被覆セラミックハネカム体である。
メタン:152g/h
水:454g/h、
空気:319stdl/h。
Claims (15)
- 支持体および支持体に被覆された多層触媒組成物からなる、炭化水素の自己熱交換による接触リフォーミングのための触媒において、前記触媒組成物が支持体に直接配置された下側触媒層および下側触媒層に配置された上側触媒層からなり、下側触媒層が有利に部分酸化に触媒作用し、上側触媒層が有利に水蒸気リフォーミングに触媒作用することを特徴とする炭化水素の自己熱交換による接触リフォーミングのための触媒。
- 下側触媒層が全質量に対して白金を0.1〜5質量%の濃度で含有し、上側触媒層がロジウムを0.1〜5質量%の濃度で含有する請求項1記載の触媒。
- 触媒層が他の触媒活性成分として貴金属、希土類金属および遷移金属の卑金属を含有する請求項1または2記載の触媒。
- 触媒層が酸化アルミニウム、二酸化珪素、二酸化チタン、酸化ホウ素、酸化ビスマス、酸化ガリウム、アルカリ金属の酸化物、アルカリ土類金属の酸化物、遷移金属の酸化物、希土類酸化物およびこれらの混合酸化物およびゼオライトからなる群から選択される酸化物支持体材料上にそれぞれ少なくとも1種のVIII族の遷移金属を含有する請求項3記載の触媒。
- 触媒組成物がモノリス支持体に被覆され、前記支持体が長さLを有し、前記支持体を通過して流れ通路が入口端面から出口端面に延びており、支持体上に直接配置された下側触媒層および下側触媒層上に配置された上側触媒層を有し、下側層が支持体の全長にわたり被覆され、上側層が支持体の部分にのみ被覆されている請求項4記載の触媒。
- 更に一酸化炭素変換のための触媒層を含有し、前記触媒層が上側触媒層に第3層として被覆されている請求項1から4までのいずれか1項記載の触媒。
- 第3触媒層が上側触媒層の部分にのみ被覆されている請求項6記載の触媒。
- 一酸化炭素変換のための触媒層が酸化アルミニウム、二酸化珪素、二酸化チタン、希土類酸化物およびこれらの混合酸化物およびゼオライトからなる群から選択される酸化物支持体材料上に触媒活性成分として貴金属Pt、Pd、Rh、Ru、Ir、OsおよびAuの少なくとも1種を含有する請求項6または7記載の触媒。
- 一酸化炭素変換のための触媒層が他の触媒活性成分として少なくとも1種の希土類金属および少なくとも1種の遷移金属の卑金属を含有する請求項8記載の触媒。
- 一酸化炭素変換のための触媒層が酸化アルミニウム、二酸化珪素、二酸化チタン、希土類酸化物およびこれらの混合酸化物およびゼオライトからなる群から選択される支持体材料上に白金およびパラジウムをそれぞれ全質量に対して0.1〜5質量%の濃度で含有する請求項9記載の触媒。
- 個々の触媒層が付加的に酸化ホウ素、酸化ビスマス、酸化ガリウム、アルカリ金属酸化物、アルカリ土類金属酸化物、遷移金属の酸化物および希土類金属の酸化物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の酸化物を触媒組成物の全質量に対して70質量%までの濃度で含有する請求項10記載の触媒。
- 予熱温度に加熱された、炭化水素、酸素および水または水蒸気の供給混合物を請求項1から11までのいずれか1項に記載の多層触媒上を通過することによる自己熱交換による接触水蒸気リフォーミング法。
- 前記方法を断熱条件下で実施する請求項12記載の方法。
- 燃料電池装置用のリフォーマーでの炭化水素の自己熱交換による水蒸気リフォーミングのための請求項1から11までのいずれか1項記載の触媒の使用。
- 請求項1から11までのいずれか1項記載の触媒組成物を含有する水素製造用の炭化水素の接触水蒸気リフォーミングのためのリフォーマー。
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EP02019014A EP1393804A1 (de) | 2002-08-26 | 2002-08-26 | Mehrschichtiger Katalysator zur autothermen Dampfreformierung von Kohlenwasserstoffen und Verfahren zu seiner Verwendung |
PCT/EP2003/009449 WO2004024324A1 (de) | 2002-08-26 | 2003-08-26 | Mehrschichtiger katalysator zur autothermen dampfreformierung von kohlenwasserstoffen und verfahren zu seiner verwendung |
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WO2002090248A1 (fr) * | 2001-05-07 | 2002-11-14 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Purificateur d'hydrogene |
GB0119327D0 (en) * | 2001-08-08 | 2001-10-03 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Catalyst |
CA2510656A1 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2004-07-15 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Platinum-ruthenium containing catalyst formulations for hydrogen generation |
EP1578688A2 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2005-09-28 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Catalyst formulations for hydrogen generation |
AU2003297311A1 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2004-07-22 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Platinum-alkali/alkaline-earth catalyst formulations for hydrogen generation |
JP2006511333A (ja) * | 2002-12-20 | 2006-04-06 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 中低温での水素生成用アルカリ含有触媒配合物 |
EP1578529A2 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2005-09-28 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Platinum and rhodium and/or iron containing catalyst formulations for hydrogen generation |
US7214331B2 (en) | 2004-02-26 | 2007-05-08 | The Boc Group, Inc. | Catalyst configuration and methods for syngas production |
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JP2005305338A (ja) * | 2004-04-22 | 2005-11-04 | Toyota Motor Corp | 排ガス浄化触媒及びその製造方法 |
KR100647700B1 (ko) * | 2005-09-14 | 2006-11-23 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 담지 촉매 및 이를 이용한 연료전지 |
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- 2003-08-26 WO PCT/EP2003/009449 patent/WO2004024324A1/de active Application Filing
- 2003-08-26 CN CNA03823257XA patent/CN1684771A/zh active Pending
- 2003-08-26 JP JP2004535170A patent/JP4950420B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-08-26 EP EP03794941A patent/EP1542800B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1542800B1 (de) | 2012-07-18 |
EP1542800A1 (de) | 2005-06-22 |
AU2003264107A1 (en) | 2004-04-30 |
WO2004024324A1 (de) | 2004-03-25 |
US7150866B2 (en) | 2006-12-19 |
JP4950420B2 (ja) | 2012-06-13 |
EP1393804A1 (de) | 2004-03-03 |
US20040063577A1 (en) | 2004-04-01 |
CN1684771A (zh) | 2005-10-19 |
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