JP2005536206A - 改良されたインビトロ・タンパク質合成の方法 - Google Patents
改良されたインビトロ・タンパク質合成の方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2005536206A JP2005536206A JP2004529558A JP2004529558A JP2005536206A JP 2005536206 A JP2005536206 A JP 2005536206A JP 2004529558 A JP2004529558 A JP 2004529558A JP 2004529558 A JP2004529558 A JP 2004529558A JP 2005536206 A JP2005536206 A JP 2005536206A
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Abstract
Description
タンパク質合成は、ポリペプチド治療薬、診断薬、及び産業的酵素の開発の基礎となる基本的な生物学的過程である。組換えDNA(rDNA)技術の到来により、所望のタンパク質を作製するために細胞の触媒機構を活用することが可能となった。これは、細胞環境において、又は細胞に由来する抽出物を使用してインビトロで、達成され得る。
Swartzらの米国特許第6,337,191 B1号、Kim及びSwartz(2000)Biotechnol Prog.16:385-390;Kim及びSwartz(2000)Biotechnol Lett.22:1537-1542;Kim及びChoi(2000)J Biotechnol.84:27-32;Kimら(1996)Eur J Biochem.239:881-886。
増強された生物学的分子のインビトロ合成のための組成物及び方法が提供される。特に重要であるのは、重合体、例えば、核酸、ポリペプチド、複合糖質の合成である。合成のための最適化された条件は、反応混合物における酸化的リン酸化のインビトロの活性化を許容し、それが、合成の産物の増強された収率を提供する。その条件は、折り畳みのための条件の改良により、生物学的に活性なポリペプチドの増強された収率も提供する。酸化的リン酸化の活性化は、現在利用されている二次的エネルギー源又は解糖中間体の非存在下でポリマーの合成を生ずる反応混合物の能力によって立証され得る。酸化的リン酸化の活性化は、この経路の特異的阻害剤に対する反応混合物の感受性によっても証明され得る。
増加した収率及び増強されたエネルギー源の利用を提供する、酸化的リン酸化が活性化される、増強された生物学的分子のインビトロ合成のための組成物及び方法が提供される。その系は、本明細書においてサイトミン(Cytomim)系と呼ばれる。改良された収率は、以下に制限はされないが、グルコース含有培地で培養された細菌に由来する生物学的抽出物の使用;ポリエチレングリコールの欠如;及び最適化されたマグネシウム濃度を含み得る、反応条件の組み合わせによって入手される。
目的の合成系には、DNAの増幅、DNA又はRNAの鋳型からのRNAの転写、RNAのポリペプチドへの翻訳、及び単糖からの複合糖質の合成を含み得る、バイオポリマーの複製のための系が含まれる。増強された合成には、系中で合成されたポリペプチドの総量又は相対量の増加;時間単位当たりに合成されたポリペプチドの総量又は相対量の増加;系中で合成された生物学的に活性なポリペプチドの総量又は相対量の増加;系中で合成された可溶性ポリペプチドの総量又は相対量の増加等が含まれる。
実施例1
本明細書においてPANOx系(Kim及びSwartz (2001)(前記))と呼ばれる、転写翻訳共役反応のための標準反応混合物は、以下の成分を含有している:57mM HEPES-KOH(pH7.5)、1.2mM ATP、各0.85mMのGTP、UTP、及びCTP、1mM DTT、200mMグルタミン酸カリウム、80mM酢酸アンモニウム、16mM酢酸マグネシウム、34μg/mlフォリン酸、170.6μg/ml大腸菌tRNA混合物、13.3μg/mlプラスミド、100μg/ml T7 RNAポリメラーゼ、各2mMの20個の未標識アミノ酸、11μM [14C]ロイシン、2%ポリ(エチレングリコール)8000、33mM PEP、0.33mMニコチンアミドアデニンジヌクレオチド、0.26mM補酵素A、2.7mMシュウ酸ナトリウム、及び0.24容量のS30抽出物。原核生物無細胞タンパク質合成は、Pratt,J.M.1984(転写及び翻訳:実際のアプローチ(Transciption and translation:a practical approach)Hanes,B.D.及びS.J.Higgins.編 IRL Press, New York 179〜209頁の原核生物無細胞系における転写翻訳共役(Coupled transcription-translation in prokaryotic cell-free systems))のプロトコルをわずかに修飾した変法により、大腸菌K12(株A19ΔtonAΔtnaAΔspeAΔendA met+)に由来する粗S30抽出物を使用して実施される。T7 RNAポリメラーゼは、Davanlooら1984(バクテリオファージT7 RNAポリメラーゼの遺伝子のクローニング及び発現(Cloning and expression of the gene for bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase)Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81:2035-2039)の手法に従って、大腸菌株BL21(pAR1219)から調製された。
より大規模な反応容量の効果
本発明の方法を使用したタンパク質合成を、クロラムフェニコールアセチルトランスフェラーゼ(CAT)の合成のため5mlのスケールで実行した。反応は、10mlの撹拌されたガラスビーカー内で37℃で実施された。CAT発現は、14C-ロイシン取り込みから決定された。ステンレススチールワイヤの小片を、30cm長のシリコン管に通した。約15センチメートルの管(1.47mm ID、1.96mm OD)を、リアクター内部に巻き付けることにより無細胞反応混合物に浸漬した。無細胞タンパク質合成反応物におけるATPの再生のために必要な酸素を送達するため、この管を純粋なO2で加圧した。消費/分解される基質を、以下の濃度で添加した:0.5mMCTP、0.5mM UTP、1.8mM水酸化カリウム、0.5mMアスパラギン、0.5mMグルタミン、2mMシステイン、1mMセリン、10mMグルタミン酸カリウム、0.05mg/mL T7 RNAポリメラーゼ、及び0.007mg/mL pK7CATプラスミド。アミノ酸混合物は、アスパラギン、グルタミン、トレオニン、システイン、セリン、及びグルタミン酸を含有していた。それを、投入される反応物に30分毎に添加した。UTP、CTP、水酸化カリウム、T7 RNAポリメラーゼ、及び付加的な30mMのグルタミン酸カリウムを、1.2、2.7、4.2、及び6時間目に添加した。pK7CATは、1.2及び6時間目に添加した。33mMピルビン酸は2.7時間目に添加した。エラーバーは、2回の別々の実験の高低を表す。発現されたCATの全収率は、14C-ロイシン取り込みによってモニタリングされた。発現されたCATの可溶性収率は、14C-ロイシン取り込みによってモニタリングされた。CATの活性収率は、Shaw(1975)Meth Enzymol 43:737-755のプロトコルによる酵素的アッセイにより決定された(同時係属中の特許出願第60/488,264号も参照のこと)。
補因子の効果
サイトミン系に関して実施例1に記載されたようにして、タンパク質合成反応物をセットアップした。CATを発現させる15μl反応を6時間実施した。誤差は、4回の別々の実験からの標準偏差を表す。「x」は、その成分の存在を示す。NAD及びCoAを含む対照に対する相対的なタンパク質産生が与えられる。(NAD及びCoAを含む)対照反応物は、727μg CAT/mlを産生した。
組織プラスミノーゲンアクチベーターの合成
複雑なタンパク質の正確な折り畳みのための適当な条件の解明は、無細胞発現における中心的な問題である。インビトロ系は、CATのような、ジスルフィド結合を全く又はほとんど必要としないいくつかの特定のモデル・タンパク質の効率的な折り畳みに成功しているが、複雑なタンパク質の適切な折り畳みの達成は未だ難題である。本発明は、適切に折り畳まれた活性な状態で複雑なタンパク質を作製するためのより好適な環境を提供する。組織プラスミノーゲンアクチベーター(tPA)は、複雑な哺乳動物タンパク質である。v-tPAと呼ばれるこのタンパク質の活性ドメインは、プロテアーゼ・ドメイン及び1個のクリンクル(krinkle)ドメインを含有しており、v-tPAは、9個のジスルフィド結合を含有している。
スペルミジン及びプトレシンの濃度
サイトミン系に関して実施例1に記載されたようにして、タンパク質合成反応物をセットアップした。CATを発現させる15μl反応を6時間実施した。スペルミジン及びプトレシンの濃度を、表3に示されるように変動させた。スペルミジンは、1mMプトレシンの存在下でタンパク質作製に関して最適化され、プトレシンは、1.5mMスペルミジンの存在下で最適化された。
タンパク質合成の比較
サイトミン環境において産生されたタンパク質の量は、以前の系と比較して、実質的に改良されている。図8に示されるように、サイトミン系は、より高い全収率を与えるのみならず、可溶性タンパク質及び活性タンパク質の増加した収率も与える。
Claims (21)
- 増強された生物学的高分子のインビトロ合成のための方法であって、酸化的リン酸化が活性化される反応混合物において該生物学的高分子を合成することを含む、方法。
- 生物学的高分子の合成が、ポリペプチドを作製するためのmRNAの翻訳を含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 合成が、DNA鋳型からのmRNAの転写も含む、請求項2記載の方法。
- ポリペプチドの合成が、酸化的リン酸化の非存在下での合成より少なくとも2倍高い、請求項2記載の方法。
- ポリペプチドの合成が、酸化的リン酸化の非存在下での合成より少なくとも3倍高い、請求項2記載の方法。
- 生物学的高分子の合成が回分反応として実施される、請求項1記載の方法。
- 生物学的高分子の合成が連続反応として実施される、請求項1記載の方法。
- 反応混合物がグルコース含有培地で培養された大腸菌からの抽出物を含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 大腸菌が、グルコース及びリン酸を含有している培地で培養されたものである、請求項8記載の方法。
- 反応混合物が、約5mMから約20mMの濃度のマグネシウムを含む、請求項8記載の方法。
- 反応混合物がポリエチレングリコールを実質的に含まない、請求項10記載の方法。
- 反応混合物が、スペルミン、スペルミジン、及びプトレシンのうちの一つ以上を含む、請求項11記載の方法。
- 所望のポリペプチドをコードする核酸を発現させ得るポリペプチド合成機構の成分を含む生物学的抽出物を含む反応混合物におけるポリペプチドのインビトロ合成のための方法であって、その改良が、約5mMから約20mMの濃度のマグネシウムを含み、かつポリエチレングリコールを実質的に含まない、グルコース含有培地で培養された大腸菌からの抽出物を含む反応混合物を利用することを含む、方法。
- 酸化的リン酸化が活性化される生物学的高分子合成機構の成分を含む無細胞生物学的抽出物を含む、生物学的高分子のインビトロ合成のための反応混合物。
- 成分が、ポリペプチドを合成するためにmRNA鋳型を利用し得る、請求項14記載の反応混合物。
- 成分が、mRNAを合成するためにDNA鋳型を利用し得る、請求項14記載の反応混合物。
- 無細胞生物学的抽出物が、グルコース含有培地で培養された大腸菌からの抽出物を含む、請求項14記載の反応混合物。
- 大腸菌が、グルコース及びリン酸を含有している培地で培養されたものである、請求項17記載の反応混合物。
- 約5mMから約20mMの濃度のマグネシウムを含み、かつポリエチレングリコールを実質的に含まない、請求項17記載の反応混合物。
- 反応混合物が、スペルミン、スペルミジン、及びプトレシンのうちの一つ以上を含む、請求項19記載の反応混合物。
- 少なくとも1個のジスルフィド結合を含む適切に折り畳まれたポリペプチドの増強されたインビトロ合成のための方法であって、その改良が、ポリエチレングリコールを実質的に含まない反応混合物において該ポリペプチドを合成することを含む、方法。
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