JP2005523391A - 高精度造形フィラメント - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、内径dLを有する液化機を備える押出装置で供給材料として使用するための高精度造形フィラメントであり、さらに本発明の造形フィラメントを使用して3次元物体を形成する方法である。液化機は、造形フィラメントを受け入れて、幅Wおよび高さLを有する路の中に、それを溶解形態で付着させる。造形フィラメントは、詰まり抵抗、滑り抵抗、モデル強度、液化機溢流防止、および無ヒステリシス過渡的応答の様々な基準を満たすように制御される平均直径およびその直径の標準偏差を有する。
本発明の目的は、ある一定の識別基準にしたがって確立された公差限界を満たす直径を有する造形フィラメントを作製し、かつ造形フィラメントを供給材料として使用して高品質のモデルを作製することである。本発明は、従来技術に見受けられるようなフィラメント径のばらつきが、熱溶解積層造形液化機の性能を著しく損ない、低品質のモデルをもたらし得るという認識に基づく。本発明の公差限界およびこれらの限界を満たす造形フィラメントを作製する、フィラメントの直径制御を組み込んだ製造工程が説明される。
本発明によれば、フィラメント20は、その直径が幾つかの別個の公差要件を同時に満たすように製造される。フィラメントの標的直径dTは、詰まり抵抗および滑り抵抗の基準にしたがって選択される。標準偏差σFは、モデル強度、液化機の溢流防止、および無ヒステリシス過渡的応答の公差要件にしたがって、標的直径dTに関して選択される。
フィラメント径がキャップ26において液化機22の内径を超過することがあれば、フィラメント20は、それが液化機22に進入しようとするとき詰まることになる。フィラメント製造工程の標準偏差が厳密になればなるほど、それだけフィラメントの標的直径dTは液化機22の内径dLに近づき得る。フィラメント20が確実にキャップ26で詰まらないようにするためには、次式が要件となる。
dT<dL−6σF 式1
また式1に示すdTとdLとの関係は、巻き取られていたことから生じる得るフィラメント20の楕円化にいずれも適応するための、フィラメント20が液化機22の中で嵌合する際の間隙をさらに含み得る。楕円化間隙は、変数t0によって表すことができる。
送出ローラ24は限定的なコンプライアンスを有する。フィラメント径が送出ローラのコンプライアンスによって許容される直径を下回って収縮すれば、フィラメント20は、望ましい速度で液化機の中に送出されず、入口26で詰まる可能性がある。したがって、送出ローラ24によって液化機22に送出されるフィラメント20に対する別の要件は、フィラメント20が、送出ローラ24を使用して液化機22の中に効果的に推進可能にするのに十分な直径を有していなければならないことである。
異なる駆動形式を使用する別の例は、異なるコンプライアンス、例えば、dT≧0.96dLであり、駆動形式に依存する。特定の送出ローラ形式に関するコンプライアンス限界を下回る直径は、ローラを滑らせかつ液化機が望ましい流量で材料を押し出せないようにする。
別の造形要件は、得られるモデルが十分な強度を有することである。液化機22に進入するフィラメント20の直径が予測直径よりも小さければ、押し出される路32は意図されたものよりも小さくなる。その場合に得られるモデル30は、過剰な有孔率のために低い破壊応力を有する恐れがある。このような要件も、得られるモデルの最大有孔率を制限するものと説明することができる。
(F/100)+P=1 式3
上式で、Fは百分率であり、Pは分数である。したがって、モデルの破壊応力に対する有孔率の効果は充填百分率で考慮することができる。例えば、90%の充填率を有するポリカーボネート製モデルの強度は、図3の試料39および40によって示されているように、95%の充填率を有するポリカーボネート製モデルに比べてかなり低減することが証明されている。
上記のモデル強度要件の説明と同様に、フィラメント径が予期されたものより大きければ、得られるモデル30は、過剰充填のために表面仕上げ不良となり得る。フィラメントが大き過ぎれば、過剰なフィラメントが液化機先端から押し出されて、局所的に過剰な厚みを有する路32をもたらす。得られる隆起は表面上の欠陥をもたらす恐れがある。したがって、フィラメント径に対して上限を設定する追加的な要件が存在する。
最近のデータによって、液化機の過渡的応答は、フィラメントの直径と液化機入口の直径との間の差のわずかな変化に敏感であることが判明している。液化機出力の流量変化による過渡的効果は、継目の品質不良および一貫性に欠けるビード幅を引き起こす恐れがある。このような過渡的効果は、フィラメント径の変動によって悪化する。フィラメント寸法が液化機の内部寸法に厳密かつ一貫して一致すればするほど、それだけモデルの品質が高まることが観察されている。フィラメント寸法とモデル品質に影響を及ぼす液化機の過渡的応答との間で観察される関係は複雑である。
本発明にしたがう高精度フィラメントの製作は、モデルを創成する際のフィラメントの意図された使用状況によって決定される様々な助変数に依存する。液化機の内径dLは、フィラメントが使用される液化機によって与えられる。路の幅Wおよび高さLは、所与の造形システムに関する路の幾何学的形状である。最大許容継目間隙SSは、所与の造形システムに関して選択され、このシステムによって構築すべきモデルの形状精細度に応じる。標的充填百分率は、モデルの最終用途に基づいて必要とされる相対的な破壊応力を基本にして選択される。これらの助変数は、本発明を実施するために識別される。
ここで本発明にしたがってフィラメントを製造する方法を説明する。この製法は、冷却時に固化する広範囲の材料に関してフィラメントを製造するのに有用な要素を有する一方で、この例示的な製造実施形態は、相対的に高いガラス転移温度Tgを有する熱可塑性材料を用いて行われる引抜き技法を利用する。摂氏106度(DMA法によって測定)を超えるガラス転移温度を有する熱可塑性材料は、押出し直後の溶解物の望ましい高い粘性および急速冷却に耐える能力を示す傾向にある。本明細書では、このような材料を「高温熱可塑性樹脂」と呼ぶ。3次元造形に高温熱可塑性樹脂を選択することは、米国特許出願公開第09/854,220号明細書にさらに詳細に説明されており、参照によって本明細書に組み込まれる。
Claims (24)
- dLの内径を有する液化機を具備する3次元造形機で使用するための造形材料の供給材料であって、
20フィートを超える長さを有し、平均直径を有し、かつ0.0004インチ以下の前記直径の標準偏差を有するフィラメントを含む造形材料の供給材料。 - 前記標準偏差が0.0003インチ以下である、請求項1に記載の造形材料の供給材料。
- 前記平均直径が0.069〜0.074インチの間である、請求項1に記載の造形材料の供給材料。
- dLが約0.076インチである、請求項1に記載の造形材料の供給材料。
- 前記平均直径が0.071〜0.072インチの間であり、前記直径の前記標準偏差が0.0003以下である、請求項1に記載の造形材料の供給材料。
- 前記平均直径が0.072〜0.073インチの間であり、前記直径の前記標準偏差が0.00015以下である、請求項1に記載の造形材料の供給材料。
- dLの内径を有する液化機を具備する3次元造形機で使用するための造形材料の供給材料であって、
20フィートを超える長さを有し、平均直径dFを有し、かつ関係式:
σF≦0.007・<dF>インチにしたがって前記直径の標準偏差を有する熱可塑性フィラメントを含む造形材料の供給材料。 - 前記平均フィラメント直径が0.069〜0.074インチの間である、請求項7に記載の造形材料の供給材料。
- 前記標準偏差が0.0004インチ以下である、請求項7に記載の造形材料の供給材料。
- <dF>が0.069〜0.074インチの間にあり、σFが0.0004インチ以下である、請求項10に記載の造形材料の供給材料。
- <dF>が0.071〜0.072インチの間にあり、σFが0.0003インチ以下である、請求項10に記載の造形材料の供給材料。
- <dF>が0.072〜0.073インチの間にあり、σFが0.00015インチ以下である、請求項10に記載の造形材料の供給材料。
- <dF>が0.069〜0.074インチの間にあり、σFが0.0004インチ以下である、請求項14に記載の方法。
- dLが約0.076インチである、請求項15に記載の方法。
- <dF>が0.071〜0.072インチの間にあり、σFが0.0003インチ以下である、請求項14に記載の方法。
- <dF>が0.072〜0.073インチの間にあり、σFが0.00015インチ以下である、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記フィラメントが熱可塑性物であり、前記標準偏差σFが、
σF≦0.007・<dF>
にも従う、請求項14に記載の方法。 - 内径dLを有する液化機を具備し、かつ固体の造形材料の供給材料を受け入れて、幅Wおよび高さLの路の中に溶解された材料を付着する熱溶解積層造形機において3次元物体を形成する方法であって、
20フィートを超える長さを有し、0.069〜0.074インチの間の平均直径を有し、かつ0.0004インチ以下の前記直径の標準偏差を有するフィラメントを前記造形供給材料として使用するステップを含む方法。 - dLが約0.076インチである、請求項21に記載の方法。
- <dF>が0.071〜0.072インチの間にあり、σFが0.0003インチ以下である、請求項21に記載の方法。
- <dF>が0.072〜0.073インチの間にあり、σFが0.00015インチ以下である、請求項21に記載の方法。
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US6866807B2 (en) | 2005-03-15 |
EP1499761A4 (en) | 2009-09-02 |
AU2003262384A1 (en) | 2003-11-03 |
EP1499761A1 (en) | 2005-01-26 |
US20050129941A1 (en) | 2005-06-16 |
WO2003089702A1 (en) | 2003-10-30 |
US7122246B2 (en) | 2006-10-17 |
CN100558961C (zh) | 2009-11-11 |
CN1659320A (zh) | 2005-08-24 |
HK1074861A1 (en) | 2005-11-25 |
US20030056870A1 (en) | 2003-03-27 |
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