JP2005515864A - 可搬式酸素濃縮器 - Google Patents
可搬式酸素濃縮器 Download PDFInfo
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229940127554 medical product Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013094 purity test Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000006545 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000037081 physical activity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036387 respiratory rate Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000008784 apnea Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004397 blinking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 nickel metal hydride Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
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- B01D53/0407—Constructional details of adsorbing systems
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- A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
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Abstract
Description
本発明が関わるPSA即ち圧力スウィング吸着装置の一般的型式並びに作動原理については、米国特許第3,564,816号、同第3,636,679号、同第3,717,974号、同第4,802,899号、同第5,531,807号、及び同5,871,564号などに記載されている。例えば、圧力スウィング吸着装置は、1つ又は複数の吸着器を含んでおり、各吸着器は、供給流からの気体混合物が順に並流方向に吸着器を通過して導かれる際に、床への吸着により気体混合物から少なくとも1つの成分ガスを分留するための、固定された吸着材料の篩床を有している。一方の吸着器が吸着を行なっている間、もう一方の吸着器からは、これと同時に、吸着した成分ガスが、第1又は生産吸着器から引き出され向流方向に他方の吸着器を通過するように導かれる製品ガスの一部によりパージされる。他方の吸着器がパージされると、事前に設定された時間に、供給流が他方の吸着器に向けて並流方向に導かれるので、前記他方の吸着器が今度は吸着を行なう。次に、第1の吸着器が、同時に、又は3つ以上の吸着器がある場合には別の時間指定された順序でパージされるが、この全容は上記特許文献を読めば理解頂けよう。
以下、図面を参照しながら説明するが、本発明による好適な実施形態である、圧力スウィング吸着装置と酸素維持装置を合体させたもの、即ちPSA/OCDを、全体として参照番号20で示しており、これは、必ずしもと言うわけではないが一般的には周囲の空気である気体混合物から、圧力スウィング吸着により少なくとも1つの成分即ち窒素を分留して製品ガスを製造し、この製品ガスをユーザの要求に応じて特定且つ調整可能な間隔で送出するために使用される。圧力スウィング吸着の一般的な作動原理は周知であり、例えば、それぞれ米国特許第4,802,899号、同第5,531,807号、及び同5,871,564号に開示されており、これ等の開示内容全体を本願に参考文献として援用する。同様に、保存されている酸素の有効寿命を延ばすために、加圧されたタンクから酸素のような製品ガスをパルス状に供給して維持することも広く知られており、例えば1999年10月19日出願の係属中の米国特許出願第09/420,826号に開示されており、同開示全体を本願に参考文献として援用する。
周知のように、吸入酸素が最も効果的に使用されるのは吸入の始めなので、各種装置は、装置が吸入を最初に感知した時だけ、そして吸入周期の初期段階にだけ、加圧された酸素タンクから酸素を送出するように作られている。我々は、この周知の原理を利用して、主として吸入の初期段階にだけ酸素を送出する酸素送出システムを含む非常にコンパクトで効率の高いPSAを工夫した。例えば図11及び図12に示すように、低圧センサ76は、酸素濃度の高いガスをユーザに送出する装置出口68に接続されている従来型のカニューレ(図示せず)を通して、ユーザの吸入により感知される圧力低下を検出する。圧力センサ76が圧力低下を検出すると、電子回路80内のトランスデューサ回路72が、所定の時間、流量制御弁74を開き、混合タンク62内の酸素に富んだガスを所定の量だけ出口68を通してユーザに送り出すようにする。送出されるガスの量は、回路基板上の電子回路80により、多数の効果的な流量の内の何れかで送出するためのプログラム可能な装置77を使って制御されるが、我々の好適な実施形態では、約80%から約95%の酸素濃度での効果的な流量は、1LPMから5LPMまで5通りある。
本発明によれば、周囲の空気は、装置20の内部のアクセスカバー102と制御パネル111の間の空間にしか流入できず、これは出口68を取囲む凹部内のアクセス通気孔110により、そしてカバー102のヒンジ接続部に上側ハウジング104まで形成された長形スロット112を通して達成される。アクセス通気孔110、スロット112及び空気排出点を除くと、上下のハウジング104と106とで、シャーシ108を備えた密閉チャンバを形成している。周囲の空気は、ファン92によって、ヒンジカバー102を開くとアクセスできる制御パネル111上のアクセス可能な入口フィルタを通して、装置20の密閉されたチャンバの内部に導入される。フィルタ113は、装置内部に流入する空気から埃やその他不純物を除去するように設計された発泡総粒子フィルタである。フィルタ113を通って装置20の内部に流入する周囲の空気の一部は、圧縮機組立体24により、フェルト材で作られた第2フィルタ114を通して分留対象の空気を更にフィルタ処理した後、共振器22の入口21に送り込まれる。装置20の内部に流入する周囲の空気の残りは、本発明によれば、PSA組立体の作動構成要素を冷却するために、装置の密閉された内部全体を通して制御された経路を流される。
図11Aに示すように、主回路基板81は、クロック速度が1Mhzの外部水晶発振器82を有するPIC16F74−1/Lマイクロコントローラ77に基づいている。マイクロコントローラ77は、入力データを、1)アナログ圧力調整回路(酸素維持装置、以下OCD用)、2)公称1.5amp定電流発生器を備えたバッテリ管理システム、3)弁制御装置72(圧力スウィング吸着、以下PSA、用)、4)回転式スイッチ86、5)純度テストボタン87、及び6)センサ圧力を示す圧力センサ76、から受信する。マイクロコントローラ77は、3つのLED125、126、127と可聴アラーム128を介してオペレータと通信する。更に、時間計122は、定刻に圧縮機に指示を出す。
FB=供給弁B(42)
WA=逃がし弁A(44)
WB=逃がし弁B(46)
EQ=平衡弁(52)
OCD弁74は、圧力信号送信状態調整回路がユーザの呼吸を検知する度に、オンに切り替わる。OCD弁74がオンになる時間は、流量セレクタスイッチ86の設定によって決まる。
Claims (18)
- 周囲の空気から高濃度の酸素を有する製品ガスを生成し、前記製品ガスを装置のユーザに送出することにより医療用として使用するための小型可搬式酸素送出装置において、
シャーシと、
前記シャーシに取り付けられ、周囲の空気を受け入れて前記周囲の空気から窒素を吸着して酸素濃度の高い製品ガスを生成するための少なくとも1つの吸着床を備えた圧力スウィング吸着装置と、
前記圧力スウィング吸着装置から、前記製品ガスの少なくとも相当部分を受け取るための製品送り出し装置と、
ユーザの吸入時に選択可能な速度で、前記製品ガスを前記ユーザに送出するための制御手段と、を備えた装置。 - 前記シャーシは、2つの互いに反対側にある側部を備えており、前記吸着床は、前記側部の内の一方の側部に取り付けられており、
前記圧力スウィング吸着装置は、更に、
周囲の空気を受け入れるための手段と、
前記周囲の空気及び前記製品ガスの両方の流量を制御するための、前記シャーシの他方の側部に取り付けられた弁手段と、
追加の周囲の空気の流れのパターンを制御することにより、前記吸着床、前記受け入れ手段、及び前記弁手段を冷却するために、前記追加の周囲の空気を方向決めするための手段と、を備えている、請求項1に記載の装置。 - 前記方向決めの手段は、
前記シャーシの互いに反対側にある側部にそれぞれに取り付けられ、各ハウジング部分と各シャーシの側部との間に内部空間を形成している第1及び第2ハウジング部分と、
空気を前記空間の一方に引き入れるためのファンを備えた受け入れ手段と、
前記シャーシと前記ハウジング部分の少なくとも一方の間に配置された、追加の周囲の空気の流れの方向を制御するためのバッフル手段と、を備えている、請求項2に記載の装置。 - 前記周囲の空気を受け入れる手段は、加圧された周囲の空気を吸着床に供給するための圧縮機を更に備えており、
前記製品送出装置は、前記吸着床から製品ガスを受け取るための貯蔵タンクと、ユーザに送出するための前記製品ガスの圧力を制御するための圧力調整器と、を備えており、
前記圧縮機は、前記弁手段と共に前記シャーシの他方の側部に取り付けられ、前記貯蔵タンクと前記圧力調整器は、前記吸着床と共に前記シャーシの一方の側部に取り付けられている、請求項3に記載の装置。 - 前記周囲の空気を受け入れる手段は、吸気のノイズレベルを下げるための共振器を更に備えており、前記圧力スウィング吸着装置は、前記酸素送出装置から吸着された窒素を追い出すためのノイズマフラーを含む手段を更に備えており、前記共振器と前記マフラーは前記シャーシの一方の側部に取り付けられている、請求項4に記載の装置。
- 前記追加の周囲の空気は、前記弁手段、前記圧縮機の上、そして前記ファンを通り、前記吸着床、貯蔵タンク、共振器、マフラーの上、の順で流れるように導かれる、請求項5に記載の装置。
- 前記第1ハウジング部分は、周囲の空気が前記酸素送出装置内へ吸い込まれるようにするためのアクセス手段を画定し、前記第2ハウジング部分は、前記追加の周囲の空気が前記装置から追い出されるようにする手段を画定する、請求項6に記載の装置。
- 有効流量及び/又は製品ガスの濃度を設定及び/又は監視するための、前記シャーシに取り付けられている手段を更に備えており、前記ハウジング部分の内の一方は、前記設定手段へアクセスできるようにする可動部を備えている、請求項3に記載の装置。
- 電源を受け入れるための手段を前記シャーシ上に更に備えている、請求項8に記載の装置。
- 前記シャーシと一体に形成された持ち運び用取っ手を更に備えている、請求項3に記載の装置。
- 前記制御手段は、ユーザの吸入を感知するための手段と、吸入時に所定の選択可能な時間の間、調整された圧力でユーザに製品ガスを送出するためのプログラムされた手段と、前記選択された時間の間だけ開けられる製品送出弁を含んでいる弁手段と、を備えている、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 送出中の前記製品ガスの酸素濃度が所定の量より低くなった場合にユーザに警報を出すための少なくとも1つのアラームを更に備えている、請求項11に記載の装置。
- 前記酸素濃度が高い製品ガスが生成され、有効流量毎分約1リットルから毎分約5リットルで、酸素濃度約90%で送出される、請求項11に記載の圧力スウィング吸着装置。
- 前記製品ガス内の酸素濃度を測定するための酸素モニターを更に備えている、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記濃度が所定の範囲を外れた場合に、前記酸素モニターに応えてユーザに警告するためのアラーム手段を更に備えている、請求項14に記載の装置。
- 実質的に図示のように配置され実質的に明細書に記載された大きさの作動構成要素とバッフルを有する、医療用の合体型圧力スウィング吸着装置兼製品ガス保持装置。
- 実質的に図示のように配置され実質的に明細書に記載されているような、合体型圧力スウィング吸着装置兼製品ガス保持装置を制御するための電子回路。
- 特定の濃度範囲の製品ガスをユーザに送出するための合体型圧力スウィング吸着兼保持装置用の警告警報システムにおいて、
電源と、
前記電源からの電圧入力を測定するための手段と、
前記製品ガスを前記ユーザに送出する場合の異なる流量を選択するための手段と、
前記ユーザの吸入に応答して製品ガスの流れを活性化するための弁手段と、
前記電圧、前記選択手段、及び前記弁手段の作動速度に応えて、前記製品ガスの濃度が前記範囲を外れた場合に警告及び/又は警報を信号発信するための手段と、を備えているシステム。
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2003
- 2003-01-30 US US10/354,275 patent/US6764534B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-01-30 JP JP2003563690A patent/JP4473580B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-01-30 EP EP03707611A patent/EP1485188A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-01-30 WO PCT/US2003/002761 patent/WO2003064009A1/en active Application Filing
-
2004
- 2004-01-22 US US10/762,671 patent/US6949133B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2009
- 2009-06-12 JP JP2009140719A patent/JP5117446B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2013521905A (ja) * | 2010-03-16 | 2013-06-13 | リンデ アクチエンゲゼルシャフト | 病院内の酸素発生 |
JP2013153804A (ja) * | 2012-01-27 | 2013-08-15 | Fukuda Denshi Co Ltd | 酸素濃縮器 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6764534B2 (en) | 2004-07-20 |
WO2003064009A1 (en) | 2003-08-07 |
JP5117446B2 (ja) | 2013-01-16 |
JP4473580B2 (ja) | 2010-06-02 |
US20040149133A1 (en) | 2004-08-05 |
EP1485188A4 (en) | 2005-04-06 |
EP1485188A1 (en) | 2004-12-15 |
JP2009261958A (ja) | 2009-11-12 |
US6949133B2 (en) | 2005-09-27 |
US20030167924A1 (en) | 2003-09-11 |
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