JP2005511278A - アンモニア合成用触媒 - Google Patents
アンモニア合成用触媒 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- HUCVOHYBFXVBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Cs+] HUCVOHYBFXVBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- KFIKNZBXPKXFTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium;dioxido(dioxo)ruthenium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ru]([O-])(=O)=O KFIKNZBXPKXFTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium nitrate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- WECIKJKLCDCIMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-n-(2-cyanoethyl)acetamide Chemical compound ClCC(=O)NCCC#N WECIKJKLCDCIMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ADHFMENDOUEJRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-n-hydroxypyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carboxamide Chemical compound C1=NC(C(=O)NO)=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C1N2CC1=CC=C(F)C=C1 ADHFMENDOUEJRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100039851 DNA-directed RNA polymerases I and III subunit RPAC1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710112289 DNA-directed RNA polymerases I and III subunit RPAC1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000009620 Haber process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241001482237 Pica Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YFARFNIESOHDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ru].[K] Chemical compound [Ru].[K] YFARFNIESOHDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004534 cecum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000311 lanthanide oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009997 thermal pre-treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/58—Platinum group metals with alkali- or alkaline earth metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/18—Carbon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/46—Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
- B01J23/462—Ruthenium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
- C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
- C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
- C01C1/04—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase
- C01C1/0405—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst
- C01C1/0411—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst characterised by the catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2235/00—Indexing scheme associated with group B01J35/00, related to the analysis techniques used to determine the catalysts form or properties
- B01J2235/15—X-ray diffraction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/34—Mechanical properties
- B01J35/36—Mechanical strength
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/615—100-500 m2/g
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/70—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their crystalline properties, e.g. semi-crystalline
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
- B01J37/0205—Impregnation in several steps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
・SiO2: Lopez等、React. Kinet. Catal. Lett., 41 (1990) 217参照;
・Al2O3: Y.Kadowaki等、J. Catal., 161 (1996) 178;およびS.Murata等、J. Catal., 136 (1992) 118;
・ゼオライト: C.T.Fishel等、J. Catal., 163 (1996) 148;およびJ.Wellenbuscher等、Stud. Surf.Sci.Catal., Vol. 84, part B, Elsevier 1994, 941;
・MgO: O.Hinrichsen等、Chem. Eng. Sci., 51 (1996) 1983;
・炭素被覆アルミナ: K.S.Rama Rao等、Appl. Catal., 62 (1990) L19;およびS.K.Mashtan等、J. Molec.Catal., 67 (1991) L1;
・MgAlO4スピネル: B.Fastrup、Catal. Lett., 48 (1997) 111;
・ランタニド酸化物:Y.Niwa等、Chem. Lett., 1996, 3;および、特に
・黒鉛化炭素: Z.Kowalczyk等、Appl. Catal., A: General, 138 (1996)83
最適な担体は、a)それは、酸性ではない、b)それは、金属の分散を有利にする高い表面積を所有しなければならない、c)それは、採用される反応条件下で化学的に安定でなければならない、およびd)それは、良好な機械的強度を所有しなければならない、という一連の必要条件を満たさなければならない。
水素気流中、300〜340℃、好ましくはおよそ320℃で、金属ルテニウムに還元し、窒素気流中で室温まで冷却させる。続いて、その固体を蒸留水で処理して、洗浄液のpHが中性になるまで残留カリウムを除去し、およそ50〜100℃、好ましくは80℃で再度乾燥する。
微粉末の形態で、290m2/gのBET比表面積を有しており、そのX線回折パターンが、無定形炭素によるものと関連する帯域を一切示さない、スイス国BodioのTimcal S.A.製の、HSAG300とラベル付けされている市販品の黒鉛の試料に、含浸に必要な最低限の量の水中に最終的触媒に所望される金属の装填量を得るために必要な正確な量のルテニウムを含有するルテニウム酸カリウムの水溶液を含浸させた。水を、70℃の真空回転式エバポレータで除去した後、そうして得た固体を80℃のオーブン中で一晩乾燥した。そのルテニウム酸塩を、次に管状オーブン中の水素気流中、320℃で金属ルテニウムに還元し、窒素気流中で室温まで冷却した。
実施例1の同じ市販品の黒鉛HSAG300の試料を、425℃の管状オーブン中の空気流中で12時間酸化した。空気を除去するための不活性ガス流中で冷却後、元の重量のおよそ20%を失ったその試料を、900℃の水素気流中で3時間処理して還元し、続いて不活性ガス流中で室温まで冷却した。上記の処理の後その黒鉛は、169m2/gのBET比表面積および0.51cm3/gの多孔度を示した。
実施例1と同じ市販品の黒鉛HSAG300の試料を同様に用いて、実施例3〜6の触媒を、Ruの装填量をそれぞれ1.90重量%、3.06重量%、4.21重量%、および4.92重量%とし、各助触媒とRuの原子比率を実施例1のそれと同一にして調製した。完成した触媒は、実施例1に記載したように、ペレット化し、次いで、破砕し、ふるいにかけて、0.15〜0.25mmのメッシュ画分を集めた。
ルヴェロワ(フランス)のPICA製で、ココナッツの殻からつくった、BET比表面積が1190m2/g、多孔度が0.49cm3/g、灰分が1.3重量%の、2〜4mmの粒子状の市販の活性炭の試料を、アルゴン中で2時間2000℃に加熱した。冷却後、その試料は、105m2/gのBET比表面積および0.12cm3/gの多孔度を示した。次に、その試料を、実施例2に記したようにして空気流中でおよそ25%の減量を伴う酸化をした。次に実施例2に記したように、水素気流中の還元が続き、410m2/gのBET比表面積および0.21cm3/gの多孔度をもつ最終的な炭素が生じた。Ruの添加と助触媒の添加を、実施例1に記載したようにして行い、完成した触媒は、4.6重量%のRuの装填量および実施例1のものと同様の各助触媒とRuの原子比率を示した。完成した触媒は、実施例1に記載したように、ペレット化し、次いで、破砕し、ふるいにかけて、0.15〜0.25mmのメッシュ画分を集めた。
フランス国パリラデファンスのCECA製で、BET比表面積が1250m2/g、多孔度が0.75cm3/gの、AC40と商品表示されている、直径が4mmの円筒状粒子の押出し成形された活性炭の試料を、アルゴン中1500℃で2時間処理し、次いで実施例7に記したようにして酸化および還元処理にかけた。最後に1470m2/gのBET比表面積が得られた。ペレット化を除いては実施例1の同じ手順に従って、この担体を、触媒を調製するために使用した。完成した触媒は、13重量%のRuの装填量および実施例1のものと同様の各助触媒とRuの原子比率を有していた。完成した触媒は、実施例1に記載したように、破砕し、ふるいにかけて、0.15〜0.25mmのメッシュ画分を集めた。
Claims (10)
- 10m2/gより高いBET比表面積を有しており、無定形炭素によるものと関連する帯域を除く、結晶性黒鉛のみの特徴を示す回折線を含むX線回折パターンによって特徴付けられる黒鉛に担持されたルテニウム系アンモニア合成用の触媒。
- 100m2/gより高いBET比表面積を有する黒鉛に担持されている請求項1に記載の触媒。
- 280m2/gより高いBET比表面積を有する黒鉛に担持されている請求項1に記載の触媒。
- 前記触媒の活性度をバリウム、セシウムおよびカリウムで促進する請求項1から3に記載の触媒。
- 原子比率Ba/Ru、Cs/RuおよびK/Ruが、それぞれ0.4と0.8の間、0.8と1.2の間および3.0と4.0の間である請求項4に記載の触媒。
- 原子比率Ba/Ru、Cs/RuおよびK/Ruが、それぞれ0.6、1および3.5である請求項3に記載の触媒。
- ルテニウムの装填量が、完成した触媒の、およそ1重量%からおよそ10重量%の範囲である請求項3に記載の触媒。
- 請求項1から7に記載の触媒を調製する方法であって、黒鉛に、含浸に必要な最低限の量の水中に完成した触媒に所望される濃度のルテニウムを得るために必要な正確な量のルテニウムを含有するルテニウム酸カリウムの水溶液を含浸させ;大部分の水を回転式エバポレータで、減圧下で、およそ30〜90℃で除去し、該残留固体をおよそ50〜100℃で乾燥し;前記ルテニウム酸塩を、水素気流中で300〜340℃にて金属ルテニウムに還元し、窒素気流中で冷却し;前記カリウムを蒸留水中で中性のpHまで洗浄して除去し;前記固体(50〜100℃で予備乾燥しておく)に、次に、両方共が、含浸に必要な最低限の量の水中に、完成した触媒中に所望の原子比率のBa/Ru、Cs/RuおよびK/Ruを得るために必要な正確な試薬の量を含有する、BaNO3の水溶液およびCsOH+KOHの水溶液を含浸させ、各含浸後の過剰の水を減圧下でおよそ35〜40℃で除去し;次に、前記触媒を、およそ2×2mmからおよそ6×6mmのペレットに成形する方法。
- 前記ペレットの大きさが、3mm(直径)×2mm(高さ)である請求項8に記載の触媒。
- 水素および窒素の気体混合物からアンモニアを生産する方法であって、請求項1から7および9に記載の触媒を用いる方法。
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JP2017001037A (ja) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-01-05 | 住友化学株式会社 | アンモニア製造用触媒組成物、アンモニア製造用触媒組成物の製造方法及びアンモニア製造方法 |
WO2019017399A1 (ja) * | 2017-07-19 | 2019-01-24 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | アンモニア合成触媒 |
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DE60304257T2 (de) * | 2002-07-11 | 2006-08-31 | Haldor Topsoe A/S | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Ammoniak sowie Katalysator hierzu |
JP5579357B2 (ja) * | 2006-11-21 | 2014-08-27 | 株式会社フルヤ金属 | ルテニウムの回収方法 |
US7867465B2 (en) * | 2008-05-29 | 2011-01-11 | Kellogg Brown & Root Llc | Cold wall horizontal ammonia converter |
WO2010085926A1 (de) * | 2009-01-29 | 2010-08-05 | Gert Ungar | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur synthese von ammoniak |
US8394997B2 (en) | 2010-12-09 | 2013-03-12 | Eastman Chemical Company | Process for the isomerization of 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diols |
US8420869B2 (en) | 2010-12-09 | 2013-04-16 | Eastman Chemical Company | Process for the preparation of 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diols |
CN102380420B (zh) * | 2011-09-02 | 2013-04-17 | 福州大学 | 一种氨合成催化剂及其制备方法 |
CN104014336B (zh) * | 2014-06-10 | 2016-09-07 | 福州大学 | 以高比表面石墨为载体的钌系氨合成催化剂及其制备方法 |
US9238603B1 (en) | 2014-12-10 | 2016-01-19 | Eastman Chemical Company | Batch process for the preparation of cis-2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol |
US9238602B1 (en) | 2014-12-10 | 2016-01-19 | Eastman Chemical Company | Process for the preparation of cis-2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol |
CN105413683B (zh) * | 2015-12-18 | 2017-10-20 | 福州大学 | 一种含钡助剂的炭材料负载钌金属催化剂的制备方法 |
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JP2017001037A (ja) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-01-05 | 住友化学株式会社 | アンモニア製造用触媒組成物、アンモニア製造用触媒組成物の製造方法及びアンモニア製造方法 |
WO2019017399A1 (ja) * | 2017-07-19 | 2019-01-24 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | アンモニア合成触媒 |
JPWO2019017399A1 (ja) * | 2017-07-19 | 2020-04-16 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | アンモニア合成触媒 |
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BR0214722A (pt) | 2004-08-31 |
DE60230665D1 (de) | 2009-02-12 |
CA2468909C (en) | 2012-01-03 |
EP1451107B1 (en) | 2008-12-31 |
PL213569B1 (pl) | 2013-03-29 |
US20050053541A1 (en) | 2005-03-10 |
RU2288891C2 (ru) | 2006-12-10 |
UA79099C2 (en) | 2007-05-25 |
ATE419223T1 (de) | 2009-01-15 |
PL370347A1 (en) | 2005-05-16 |
WO2003048045A3 (en) | 2003-10-09 |
ITMI20012565A1 (it) | 2003-06-05 |
MXPA04005402A (es) | 2005-06-20 |
AU2002346948B2 (en) | 2007-08-09 |
AU2002346948A1 (en) | 2003-06-17 |
US7115239B2 (en) | 2006-10-03 |
DK1451107T3 (da) | 2009-05-04 |
EP1451107A2 (en) | 2004-09-01 |
AU2002346948A2 (en) | 2003-06-17 |
CA2468909A1 (en) | 2003-06-12 |
CN100387521C (zh) | 2008-05-14 |
BR0214722B1 (pt) | 2011-11-16 |
WO2003048045A2 (en) | 2003-06-12 |
CN1599696A (zh) | 2005-03-23 |
RU2004117172A (ru) | 2005-05-20 |
JP4522704B2 (ja) | 2010-08-11 |
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