JP2005281997A - Deep foundation excavator of base rock and deep foundation construction method using this excavator - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce propulsion and torque; to prevent the abrasive deterioration; to increase an excavation earth quantity per unit time; and to improve working efficiency, by installing a base rock cutting bit in spiral arrangement or stepped arrangement on a peripheral surface of a base rock excavator body of an inverse conical shape, by using the principle of crushing an end surface instead of a conventional collapse, in a base rock excavator and a deep foundation construction method using this excavator. <P>SOLUTION: This base rock excavator excavates a shaft and a deep foundation in base rock. The base rock cutting bit 8 is installed at a predetermined interval in the spiral arrangement or the stepped arrangement on a peripheral surface of the base rock excavator body 6 of the inverse conical shape of downward turning the apex rotatingly driven so as to be freely vertically movable. An end surface of the base rock 1 is crushed by rotating while pressing the base rock cutting bit 8 from above to a base rock end surface part near an upper end part of a free surface of a vertical advanced heading 3 prearranged in a position for excavating the shaft and the deep foundation. Excavation is performed while downward jacking the base rock excavator body 6 having the base rock cutting bit 8 of the spiral arrangement or the stepped arrangement with the vertical advanced heading 3 as the center. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a rock foundation deep excavator and a deep foundation construction method using the same.

In recent years, the deep foundation method is an effective means for bridge foundations, pile foundation work, and shaft excavation work, but the conventional deep foundation method is mostly manual work, and it is a painful work in a narrow hole,
In addition, there are dangers such as falling objects, collapse of the mine wall, generation of toxic gas, exposure to oxygen deficiency,
The development of safer mechanized construction techniques has become an important issue that should be solved as soon as possible.

Conventionally, the technique of drilling deep foundations in hard rock has been the mainstream, but in recent years, after drilling with an automated shaft drilling machine, etc., a method of blasting the rock using blasting with dynamite etc. Although it is adopted, pollution such as vibration and noise is large, and it has had a great influence on the surrounding residents and existing structures.

For a huge boulder that appeared during deep foundation work, a static crushing material such as expansion material is filled into the hole drilled by a drilling machine and statically crushed, or an arrow is inserted into the borehole hydraulically. However, there is a drawback that the work capacity is small and the work capacity is low.

Large-diameter shaft excavation employs a method of crushing the rock mass using a large hydraulic hammer or breaker, but it is less efficient and causes occupational accidents such as deafness due to noise, pneumoconiosis due to dust, and white wax disease due to vibration. Is generated.

The conventional excavation method using clamshell buckets and grab buckets and the Benoto method using hammer grabs are effective for soft rocks, but not suitable for hard rocks.

Conventionally, in a deep foundation boring machine that excavates a deep foundation by moving a tunnel boring machine dedicated to rock excavation vertically downward, a large number of disk-type crushing and crushing blades are freely rotatable on a circular face plate for excavating the face. The disk-shaped crushing crushing blade receives a large driving force by crushing and rotating the circular face plate against the ground (rock), and crushes the bedrock into a streak shape along the circular track. A crushing and crushing method has been devised that causes adjacent tensile crushing between crushing grooves formed on a circular track of a disk-type crushing and crushing blade. However, this construction method has the disadvantages that it requires a large propulsive force and rotational force and has not only low crushing efficiency, which is a work capability, but also a short wear life of the disk-type crushing crushing blade and high replacement frequency.

By the way, as shown in FIG. 10, for example, a rotary excavator for crushing the rock mass 31 by rotating the rock bit 30 against the rock mass surface 31 is already known. Prior patent documents relating to such a conventional hard rock layer rotary excavator include the following.
The invention described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-18744 relates to a rotary excavator that can excavate while ensuring verticality, and the rotary excavator can be fixed to the upper end of a casing tube penetrating into the ground. Equipped with a simple device body. In addition, a drilling tool to be inserted into the casing tube is attached to the tip, and includes a drill that can be extended by adding a rod, and a drill rotation mechanism that can be attached to and detached from the drill. An elevating mechanism that elevates and lowers the drill rotating mechanism along a column that is erected on the apparatus main body and a moving mechanism that moves the drill rotating mechanism from the casing tube to the retracted position are provided. It was.

However, according to the above-described conventional technology, it is necessary to switch to the mechanized excavation method in order to reduce labor troubles caused by noise and vibration caused by labor-intensive work and blasting methods. For this purpose, the static crushed material, hydraulic split rock method, hydraulic hammer and breaker,
The problem remains that work capacity is extremely low. In addition, the bucket-type excavation method and Benoto method, which were developed with the aim of improving the work performance, have relatively low work efficiency, and not only can not be excavated for hard rock mass, but also damage due to wear of the cutter blade edge. It is necessary to solve the problem of increasing extremely. Furthermore, when the blasting method using a shaft drilling machine is used, there is a problem that the rock around the predetermined deep foundation section is excessively crushed.

The disk-type crushing crushing blade that crushes and crushes the cutting face used in deep foundation boring machines not only requires a large driving force and rotational force, but also the disc-type crushing crushing blade has a short wear life. Moreover, there is a problem that the amount of excavated soil per unit work is small as the crushing efficiency of the rock mass.

Moreover, according to the rotary excavation device described in Patent Document 1 described above, the rock mass is crushed by rotating the rock bit while pressing the roller bit against the rock surface, which has a problem of poor efficiency.

In consideration of the problems in the above items, the present invention uses a reverse crushing principle instead of conventional crushing as an excavation principle in order to further improve work capacity, and an inverted conical rock excavation with the apex facing downward A rock cutting bit is attached to the peripheral surface of the machine body in a spiral or staircase arrangement at predetermined intervals, resulting in reduced propulsion and rotational forces, prevention of wear deterioration, and the amount of excavated soil per unit cutting work. It aims at providing the suitable rock excavator which improves work efficiency by increasing, and the deep foundation construction method using the same.

In order to achieve the above object, an invention according to claim 1 of the present invention is a rock excavator for excavating a vertical shaft or a deep foundation in a rock, and is an upside-down movable and reversely driven vertex. Freely of the vertical advanced guide shaft provided in the position where the rock cutting bits are installed in a spiral arrangement or stepped arrangement at a predetermined interval on the peripheral surface of the main body of the conical rock excavator and drilled in the shaft or deep foundation beforehand. The rock surface is crushed by pressing the rock cutting bit from above onto the rock end surface near the upper end of the surface, and the rock cutting bit with the above spiral arrangement or stepped arrangement is provided around the vertical advanced shaft It is characterized by excavating while the rock excavator body propelled downward.

The invention according to claim 2 of the present invention is the rock excavator according to claim 1, wherein the first end face excavator is formed by providing a vertical advanced guide shaft at a position where a vertical shaft or a deep foundation is excavated in advance. The inverted cone rock excavator body, which can move up and down and rotate downward, takes the reaction force from the reaction force receiving material built at the top, and propels the rock excavator body downward during excavation A propulsion means and a rotation means for rotating the rock excavator body itself are provided.

The invention according to claim 3 of the present invention is the rock excavator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the rock excavator main body is further provided with vibration applying means for crushing the end face while applying vibration to the bit portion. It is characterized by being.

Invention of Claim 4 of this invention is a rock excavator as described in any one of the said Claims 1-3, Comprising: On the peripheral surface of the rock cone excavator main body of the inverted cone shape which made the vertex downward. A rock mass collision preventing scraper is provided on both the left and right sides of each rock cutting bit attached in a spiral arrangement or a stepped arrangement at a predetermined interval.

Invention of Claim 5 of this invention is a rock excavator as described in any one of the said Claims 1-4, Comprising: Furthermore, a screw conveyor is arrange | positioned in the cylindrical casing which penetrates a rock excavation part. The lower end of the cylindrical casing protrudes below the lowest bit in the vertical advanced guide shaft, and the upper part of the cylindrical casing protrudes above the gripper, and the excavated debris is It is characterized by being raised in the cylindrical casing by operation and being carried out to the ground.

A sixth aspect of the present invention is the rock excavator according to the fifth aspect, further comprising an open leg anchor as a lower reaction force receiving member pressed against the inner side surface of the vertical advanced guiding shaft by the open leg. A lower reaction force receiving device is provided.

The invention according to claim 7 of the present invention is the rock excavator according to claim 6, wherein the lower reaction force receiving device is attached to the through shaft passing through the rotating shaft of the screw conveyor and the lower end portion thereof. And it is characterized by comprising an open leg anchor as a lower reaction force receiving member pressed against the inner surface of the vertical advanced guide shaft by an open leg, and a tightening nut attached to the upper end male thread portion of the through shaft .

Invention of Claim 8 of this invention is a deep foundation method using the rock excavator as described in any one of the said Claims 1-7, Comprising: Boring in the position which excavates a shaft and a deep foundation beforehand After installing the vertical advanced guide shaft and forming the first circular end face excavator, it was installed spirally at predetermined intervals on the peripheral surface of the inverted conical rock excavator body with the apex facing downward The disk-type rock cutting bit is a conical shape that is exposed on the ground (rock) in sequence and abuts against a step-like free surface. The inner part is peeled and crushed and drilled downward.

The invention according to claim 9 of the present invention is a deep foundation method using the rock excavator according to claim 5, wherein a vertical advanced guide shaft is formed by drilling at a position where a shaft or a deep foundation is excavated. After
The process of installing the reaction force receiving material on the inner surface of the excavated vertical shaft, taking the reaction force from the reaction force receiving material and rotating the rock cone excavator body while propelling the inverted cone rock excavator body downward by a predetermined distance The excavation step of excavating the lower rock by end face crushing, and the soil removal step of lifting the excavated debris inside the cylindrical casing by the operation of the screw conveyor and carrying it out to the ground are provided.

The invention according to claim 10 of the present invention is a deep foundation method using the rock excavator according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the vertical advanced guide shaft is drilled at a position where a shaft or a deep foundation is excavated. After forming the upper reaction force receiving material is installed on the inner surface of the excavated vertical shaft, and the open reaction anchor of the lower reaction force receiving device is opened and pressed against the inner side surface of the vertical advanced guiding shaft, The reaction force from the upper reaction force receiving member and the lower reaction force receiving member is taken and the rock cone excavator body is rotated while propelling the inverted conical rock excavator body downward by a predetermined distance. And a soil removal step of lifting the excavated debris inside the cylindrical casing by the operation of the screw conveyor and carrying it out to the ground.

Invention of Claim 11 of this invention is a deep foundation method using the rock excavator as described in any one of the said Claims 8-10, Comprising: A vertical advanced guiding shaft is provided in a rock, The vertical When crushing the end face of the rock mass, the bit portion vibrates when the rock cone excavator body has a rock cutting bit with a spiral or stepped arrangement on the peripheral surface with the inner surface of the advanced shaft as a free surface. It is characterized by crushing the end face of the bedrock.

As described above, according to the present invention, a rock excavator incorporating a new mechanized construction technique and a deep foundation method using the rock excavator are developed.

In general, the strength of a rock mass is determined by the magnitude of compressive strength, shear strength and tensile strength of the rock. The tensile strength of rock is about one-tenth of the compressive strength.In the present invention, many cracks are generated in the rock mass, and the free surface is increased, and the delamination fracture of the rock mass that induces tensile fracture of the rock is performed. It is the main means. Drilling and crushing the inner surface of an end face excavator with two circular free surfaces formed by boring in advance, followed by inverted conical rock excavation equipped with a number of disc-type exfoliation crushing blades arranged in a spiral at predetermined intervals Rotate the machine around the central shaft with a predetermined thrust, and the disk-type peeling crushing blades are in contact with a conical ground (rock) composed of a stepped free surface, and the inner part is peeled off. It is characterized by crushing and drilling downward to form a deep foundation.

As a result, there is no excessive damage to the ground (rock) due to a decrease in the cutting force acting on the peeling crushing blade, and the disc-type peeling crushing blade causes impact wear or scratch wear due to impact force. Therefore, the wear deterioration of the crushing blade can be reduced as much as possible. In addition, since the rotational torque required to rotate the cutting drum is reduced, not only the work capacity, which is the amount of soil cut per unit work, is further improved, but also the noise and vibration generated by the rock excavator body are within allowable values. It is a suitable means that can be suppressed to.

The excavation principle of the rock excavator of the present invention and the deep foundation method using the excavator is based on the principle of crushing the end face instead of the conventional crushing, and the rock excavation bit (roller bit) is pressed against the rock surface and rotated. Thus, compared to the conventional method of crushing the rock mass, there is an effect that the efficiency of rock crushing is good.

As the rock cutting bit, a conical bit or the like may be used in addition to the roller bit, and the crushing efficiency of the end face is higher than the crushing crushing by the conventional method. Furthermore, it can be efficiently crushed by rotating the roller bit portion while applying vibration.

In addition, the inverted conical rock excavator body according to the present invention has a structure in which the pressing force required for delamination of the rock depends on the tensile strength of the rock and on the conventional deep foundation boring machine that depends on the compressive strength of the rock. It was made paying attention to the fact that it is about one-tenth of the pressing force required for crushing and crushing.

Based on this, in the present invention, a free surface is constructed in the rock by excavating a vertical advanced guiding shaft, and then a reverse cone shaped rock excavator body provided with a large number of disc-shaped peeling crushing blades receives a reaction force. Propulsive force and rotational power are given from the material, and it is rotated and excavated vertically downward along the central shaft.
The emphasis is mainly on exfoliation and crushing of rock mass, and it is possible to increase work capacity, which is the amount of excavated soil per unit cutting work. Furthermore, the wear resistance performance of the crushing blade is further improved.

In addition, by building a comprehensive automatic control system for the deep foundation method using a rock excavator, it is possible to develop new mechanized construction technology with high excavation efficiency to reduce laborious work and labor accidents associated with conventional manual work It becomes.

Drill a large-diameter vertical shaft with a down-the-hole hammer beforehand. After that, the work of fixing the reaction force receiving material to the deep side wall, the installation work of the inverted conical rock excavator body, and the construction of the debris discharge work system are completed by automatic control. At the start of excavation, displacement and load control of the piston rod and rotation speed control of the drive motor are performed based on the amount of excavated soil per unit time, for example, and more stable excavation work is possible. It guarantees that every repeated excavation work is unmanned construction.

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

FIG. 1 shows a vertical advanced guiding shaft 3 excavated in advance to install an inverted conical rock excavator body in a natural ground (rock) 1 for excavating a deep foundation, and FIG. 2 shows an exposed natural ground (rock) ) Shows a vertical advanced guiding shaft 3 constructed by boring to a predetermined depth with a large-diameter down-the-hole hammer at the bottom of 2).

As shown in detail in FIG. 3 to FIG. 5, the rock excavator 5 for excavating a shaft or a deep foundation in the rock according to the present invention is an inverted conical rock excavator having a vertically movable apex that faces downward. Body 6
The rock cutting bits 8 are attached in a spiral arrangement or a staircase arrangement at a predetermined interval.

The inverted conical rock excavator body 6 of the rock excavator 5 includes a plurality of disc-type exfoliating crushers arranged in a spiral or stepwise manner at predetermined intervals along each generatrix located on the outer surface. A blade 8 is provided. Among them, the disk-type exfoliation crushing blade 8 closest to the cylindrical casing 15 of the rock excavator main body 6 abuts on the natural ground (rock mass) 2 and exfoliates and crushes the rock mass. After that, as the rock drilling machine body 6 is propelled downward, the disk-type peeling crushing blade 8 is brought into contact with the natural ground (rock) 2 one after another, and the natural rock (rock) 2 has a free-form conical shape. A step-like groove is formed.

The rock excavator 5 is provided with means for placing the inverted conical rock excavator body 6 in contact with the exposed ground (rock) 2 located at the bottom of the vertical advanced guiding shaft 3 excavated in advance, and A means for fixing the reaction force receiving member 7 supporting the reaction force for operating the rock excavator main body 6 to the deep foundation side wall is provided above the rock excavator body 6. The rock excavator body 6 can move in the vertical direction and rotate in the horizontal direction using the cylindrical casing 15 as a guide, and the reaction force receiving member 7 can be set at an arbitrary position using the cylindrical casing 15 as a guide. . A cylindrical casing 15 made of a hollow steel pipe having a predetermined length is built in the vertical advanced guiding shaft 3 and the cylindrical casing 15 is vertically made by the reaction force receiving material 7 (beam) installed in the natural ground (rock mass) 1. Hold.

In the rock excavator 5 according to the present invention, an inverted conical rock excavator body 6 with the apex facing downward is provided.
The three-stage circular horizontal beams 10a, 10b, and 10c whose radius becomes smaller toward the bottom are connected to the uppermost circular horizontal beam 10a and the inner circular horizontal inner beam 10d, and are mutually 60 °. It is comprised by the six radial direction beams 11 arrange | positioned at intervals, and the vertical direction connection member 12 which connects the circular horizontal beams 10a and 10b of the step which adjoins up and down, 10b and 10c, respectively. .

The two rock cutting bits 8 are attached to the lowermost circular horizontal beam 10c with an interval of 180 ° from each other, and the four rock cutting bits 8 are spaced from each other by 90 ° to the middle circular horizontal beam 10b. In addition, four rock cutting bits 8 are attached to the uppermost circular horizontal beam 10a at intervals of 90 °. As a whole, a rock cutting bit 8 is attached to the peripheral surface of the inverted conical rock excavator main body 6 with the apex facing downward in a spiral arrangement or a stepped arrangement at a predetermined interval.

Also, rock mass collision preventing scrapers 13 are respectively provided on the left and right sides of the rock cutting bits 8 of each stage.

Further, a cylindrical casing 15 made of a steel pipe penetrating the rock excavation part is attached to the inside of the circular horizontal internal beam 10d of the inverted conical rock excavator main body 6, and a screw is inserted into the cylindrical casing 15 made of this steel pipe. A conveyor 14 is arranged.

In the rock excavator 5 of the present invention, the inverted conical rock excavator body 6 with the apex facing downward is
It is possible to take the reaction force from the reaction force receiving member 7 constructed on the upper part and to excavate it downward.

In the present invention, the structure of the upper reaction force receiving member 7 is composed of four horizontal beams arranged diagonally, and each diagonal line is used to fix and install the reaction force receiving member 7 on the deep foundation side wall. Gripper devices 19 are provided at both ends of the beam. Each gripper device 19 is provided with a gripper member (not shown), and the gripper member can be protruded or immersed by operating a driving means such as a hydraulic cylinder incorporated in the gripper device 19. By automatically controlling the load and the amount of displacement acting on the gripper member, the reaction force receiving member 7 can be used as a reaction force receiving member sufficient for obtaining a predetermined reaction force, including centering work of the reaction force receiving member 7.

Further, an excavation jack 22 as a propulsion means for propelling the rock excavator main body 6 downward during excavation is provided below each gripper device 19 and turning as a rotating means for rotating the rock excavator main body 6 itself. Bearing device 20 and excavator body rotation drive motor 2
1 is provided.

The screw conveyor 14 includes a rotating shaft 16 disposed at the center of a cylindrical casing 15 made of a steel pipe, and a helical blade 17 attached to the rotating shaft 16.
The rotary shaft 16 is driven by a screw conveyor motor 18 and a rotary drive chain 9 provided on the upper side of the rock mass discharge device 23 installed at the upper end of the cylindrical casing 15.

The lower end of the cylindrical casing 15 made of steel pipe protrudes below the lowermost bit 8 of the rock excavator main body 6 and is slightly in the vertical advanced guiding shaft 3, and the upper part of the cylindrical casing 15 made of steel pipe is a gripper device. 19 protrudes from the top.

The screw conveyor 14 is disposed in a steel pipe 15 penetrating the rock excavation part, and the lower end protrudes about 1 to 2 m below the lowermost bit 8 and is in the preceding boring hole (vertical advanced guiding shaft) 3. The diameter of the screw conveyor 14 is only about the diameter of the preceding boring hole (vertical advanced guide shaft) 3.

In the embodiment of the present invention, there is further provided a lower reaction force receiving device 25 having an open leg anchor 26 as a lower reaction force receiving member that is pressed against the inner side surface of the vertical advanced guide shaft by an opening leg.

The lower reaction force receiving device 25 is attached to a through shaft 27 penetrating the shaft center of the rotating shaft 16 of the screw conveyor 14 and a lower end portion thereof, and is pressed against an inner surface of the vertical advanced guiding shaft 3 by an open leg. An open leg anchor 26 as a lower reaction force receiving member, and an upper end male thread portion 2 of the through shaft 27
It is comprised by the clamping nut 28 attached to 7a. The through-shaft 27 of the lower reaction force receiving device 25 is made of a steel bar having a male threaded portion 27a provided at the upper end by screwing, and the upper male threaded portion 27a projects upward from the upper end of the rotary shaft 16 of the screw conveyor 14. The cylindrical casing 15 connected to the upper reaction force receiving member 7 is fixed by tightening the tightening nut 28 on the male threaded portion 27a.

In the deep foundation method using the rock excavator of the present invention, the vertical advanced guiding shaft 3 is formed by drilling at the position where the deep foundation is excavated, and then the reaction force receiving material 7 is installed on the inner surface of the excavated vertical shaft The process of
While taking the reaction force from the reaction force receiving member 7 and propelling the inverted conical rock excavator main body 6 downward by a predetermined distance, the rock excavator main body 6 is rotated and the lower rock 1 is excavated by end face crushing. The excavation process includes a soil removal process in which the excavated debris is lifted in the cylindrical casing 15 made of a steel pipe by the operation of the screw conveyor 14 and carried to the ground.

In the deep foundation method using the rock excavator 5 according to the present invention, a vertical advanced guiding shaft 3 is formed by boring at a position where the deep foundation is excavated, and then the upper reaction force receiving material 7 is excavated. In addition, the through shaft 27 of the lower reaction force receiving device (anchor device) 25 is pulled up to open the leg anchor 26, and the tip of the leg anchor 26 is pressed against the inner wall of the vertical advanced guiding shaft 3. In this state, from the upper reaction force receiving member 7 and the lower reaction force receiving member 26, the step of tightening and installing the tightening nut 28 on the male screw portion 27a protruding upward from the upper end of the rotating shaft 16 of the screw conveyor 14 An excavation process in which the rock excavator body 6 is rotated while the reverse cone shaped rock excavator body 6 is propelled downward by a predetermined distance by taking the reaction force, and the lower rock 1 is excavated by end face crushing, and Was debris raises the tubular casing 15 by the operation of the screw conveyor 14 is characterized in that it comprises a soil discharge step of unloading to the ground.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram in the case where the roller bit 8 is used in the deep foundation method using the rock excavator 5 according to the present invention. That is, by using the rock excavator 5 according to the present invention, the rock bit 1 is crushed by rotating the rock bit 8 while pressing the roller bit 8 against the rock end surface near the upper end of the free surface of the vertical advanced guiding shaft 3 from above. FIG. 7 shows a state in which the rock mass 1 is crushed by the roller bit 8 and a rock mass 1A is generated.

In addition, the free surface in the case where the first end face excavator is formed by providing the vertical advanced guiding shaft 3 in the position where the vertical shaft or the deep foundation is excavated in advance in the bedrock 1 is, for example, in the large diameter, the pile foundation work of the bedrock 1 A boring machine or the like is used for the down-the-hole or small diameter used.

FIG. 8 shows an inverted conical rock excavator body 6 with the apex of the rock excavator 5 according to the present invention facing downward.
The rock mass 1 by a rock mass cutting bit 8 attached in a spiral arrangement or a stair arrangement on the circumferential surface of
It is explanatory drawing in the case of crushing an end surface.

FIG. 8a shows that the vertical advanced guide shaft 3 is drilled at the position where the vertical rock or deep foundation is excavated in advance.
After forming the first circular end face excavator, the roller bit 8a at the lowest stage of the inverted conical rock excavator body 6 with the apex facing downward is connected to the free surface of the vertical advanced guiding shaft 3. It shows the state of rotating while pressing from above the rock end face near the upper end. FIG. 8b shows a state where the rock mass 1A is generated by crushing the end face of the rock mass 1 with the roller bit 8a at the lowest stage. FIG. 8 c shows that the rock 1 is crushed by the lowermost roller bit 8 a to form a rock lump 1 B, and the second roller bit 8 b from the bottom is connected to the upper end of the free surface of the vertical advanced guide 3. The state which pressed from the top to the end surface part of the bedrock 1 near the part is shown. Further, in FIG. 8d, the rock mass is successively crushed by the lowermost roller bit 8a, and a rock lump 1B is generated, and the rock bit 1b from the bottom is sequentially exposed to the ground (rock mass) 1. The figure shows a state in which the cone-shaped stepped free surface 2 is abutted and the inner part thereof is peeled and crushed to generate a rock mass 1A, which is further excavated downward.

In the rock excavator 5 according to the present invention, the inverted conical rock excavator main body 6 is provided with a plurality of spirally or stepwise rotatable elements at predetermined intervals along each bus line located on the outer surface. The disc-type peeling crushing blade 8 is provided. Among them, the disk-type exfoliation crushing blade 8 closest to the cylindrical casing 15 of the rock excavator main body 6 abuts on the natural ground (rock mass) 2 and exfoliates and crushes the rock mass. After that, as the rock drilling machine body 6 is propelled downward, the disk-type peeling crushing blade 8 is brought into contact with the natural ground (rock) 2 one after another, and the natural rock (rock) 2 has a free-form conical shape. A step-like groove is formed.

Here, referring to FIG. 9 showing the operating state of the rock excavator of the present invention, the position where each disc-type exfoliation crushing blade 8 abuts the ground (rock) 2, that is, the cutting width “a” is the natural ground. (Bedrock) 2
Depending on the type of bedrock, it is set to be several tens of centimeters to several tens of centimeters from the end of the preceding groove. When the cutting edge of the disc-type peeling crushing blade 8 formed sharply on one side takes a clearance angle of “φ” and cuts into the rock surface, the penetrating input of the cutting edge is the ground of the disc-type peeling crushing blade 8 (bedrock ) The bedrock corresponding to the cutting width “a”, which is the distance from the position contacting 2 to the end of the preceding groove,
Acts as a pulling force to peel inside the leading groove. Cut width a of natural ground (bedrock) 2
And the ratio of the depth of cut “b”: a / b varies depending on the type of rock, and is 1 for soft rock
It can be taken to be 1 or less for hard rock.

In this way, the pressing force required for delamination and crushing of rock depends on the tensile strength of the rock, so it is a tenth of the pressing force required for crushing and crushing of rock that depends on the compressive strength of the rock, such as a deep foundation boring machine It is about one. As a result, it is possible to reduce the propulsive force and the rotational force necessary to operate the inverted cone rock excavator body 6 and to increase the amount of excavated soil per unit cutting work. Accordingly, the wear resistance of the disc-type peeling crushing blade 8 is improved, the load capacity of the bearing of the disc-type peeling crushing blade 8 can be reduced, and the diameter can be reduced. The crushing blade 8 can be appropriately disposed also on the surface of the rock cone excavator body 6 having a narrow inverted cone shape with many spatial restrictions.

The gauge cutter, which is a disc-type peeling crushing blade installed at the outermost peripheral part of the inverted conical rock excavator main body 6, has a frictional resistance between the cylindrical body located on the upper part of the rock excavator main body 6 and the deep foundation side wall. In order to reduce this, it is necessary to increase the cut width a, and it is preferable to make the diameter of the gauge cutter larger than the diameter of the other disc-type peeling crushing blade 8.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the operation of the inverted conical rock excavator main body 6 having a rock cutting bit arranged in a spiral or stepped manner on the peripheral surface with the inner surface of the vertical advanced guiding shaft 3 as a free surface. When crushing the rock surface, it is preferable to crush the rock surface while applying vibration to the bit portion.

By rotating the roller bit 8 while applying vibration, the roller bit 8 can be efficiently crushed. That is, by applying vibration to the cutting blade (roller bit) 8, it has been experimentally known that the cutting resistance is reduced by 35% when the vibration frequency is 40 Hz, for example, depending on the rock type.

The scrapers 13 disposed on both sides of the cutting blade (roller bit) 8 are arranged so that the rock block that has been crushed from the upper stage of the rock excavator body 6 and slid downwards does not hit the roller bit 8 below. Is forcibly dropped downward so that the roller bit 8 is always pressed against the rock.

The separated and crushed rock mass gathers in the central part below the vertical advanced shaft 3 and rises in the steel pipe 15 by the operation of the screw conveyor 14 in the central part of the rock excavation part, and the upper part of the gripper jack 19 on the ground. It is carried out to.

The rock mass carried out to the upper part overflows from the rock mass discharge port of the rock mass discharge device 23 provided at the upper end of the steel pipe 15 and is dropped into the gala bucket 24. The glass bucket 24 is appropriately carried out of the mine by a winch or the like.

In addition, in the rock excavator of the present invention, the number of rock cutting bits 8 attached to the peripheral surface of the inverted conical rock excavator body 6 is different from each other in the case of attaching them in a step-like arrangement.
Although there is a relationship between the installation space and the manufacturing price of the apparatus, for example, 2 to 3 at the lowest level of the peripheral surface of the inverted cone rock excavator body 6 and 3 to the second level from the bottom It is preferable to attach six, four to eight on the third level from the bottom, and about 4 to 10 on the upper level.

Moreover, in the rock excavator of the present invention, the number of the rock cutting bits 8 attached to the peripheral surface of the inverted conical rock excavator main body 6 is different from each other in the case of attaching them in a spiral arrangement.
Although there is a relationship between the installation space and the manufacturing price of the apparatus, for example, a total of about 4 to 20 rock cutting bits 8 are attached to the peripheral surface of the inverted cone rock excavator main body 6 so as to have a spiral arrangement. Is preferred.

In a rock excavator 5 according to the present invention, an inverted conical rock excavator main body 6 is a cylindrical casing 1.
After the excavation of the natural ground (bedrock) 2 for a predetermined distance downward along the line 5, in order to repeatedly carry out the work of excavating the next stroke, the operation of sequentially fixing the reaction force receiving material 7 downward is automatically performed. It is necessary to build a system to control. For example, after the first excavation is completed, the gripper member built in the gripper device 19 of the reaction force receiving member 7 is immersed, and then the reaction force receiving member 7 is moved downward to confirm that the predetermined distance has been reached. Then, the operation of fixing the reaction force receiving member 7 on the horizontal surface with high accuracy can be completely automated again.

In addition, although illustration is abbreviate | omitted, when describing the comprehensive automatic control system with respect to the deep foundation method using the rock excavator 5 by this invention, first, the reaction force receiving material 7, the inverted cone rock excavator main body 6
Then, the rock excavator 5 composed of a soil removal facility and the like is lifted by a crane or the like, and installed along the cylindrical casing 15 at the position of the vertical advanced guiding shaft 3 excavated in advance.

After installing the rock excavator 5, the reaction force receiving member 7 is held horizontally. Therefore, an inclination sensor (not shown) that measures the horizontal and horizontal levels installed in the reaction force receiving member 7.
To adjust the level of the reaction force receiving member 7. This operation is repeated and automatically controlled until the level of the reaction force receiving member 7 falls within an allowable range. Thereafter, the position of the gripper member built in the gripper device 19 installed at the end of the reaction force receiving member 7 is adjusted, and the reaction force receiving member 7 is centered and simultaneously loaded with hydraulic pressure until a predetermined thrust is reached, The reaction force receiving member 7 is fixed to the deep foundation side wall.

Next, it is necessary to confirm that the rotation axis of the inverted conical rock excavator body 6 is vertical. For this reason, when the rock excavator body 6 is rotating, for example, left and right installed on a fixed beam A tilt sensor (not shown) that measures the level in the horizontal direction is used to adjust the level of the rock excavator body 6. This operation is repeatedly performed and automatically controlled until the level level during rotation of the rock excavator body 6 falls within an allowable range.

At the start of excavation, a system that can be controlled automatically is used, and the rotational speed control including load control is performed according to the characteristics of the target excavated rock mass. In order to maintain proper excavation, the propulsive force within the allowable range can be automatically controlled, and the rotational speed can be automatically controlled with the rotational torque sensor within the allowable range.

When the excavation of one stroke by the rock excavator 5 is completed, the gripper member of the reaction force receiving member 7 is pulled into the gripper device 19 and then the reaction force receiving member 7 is fixed to the deep foundation side wall again for the next step. Thus, it is possible to automatically switch to automatic control that repeats the same work. Also, when the disk-type peeling crushing blade 8 is worn out and it is time to replace the parts,
Once the rock excavator 5 is lifted with a crane or the like and the parts are exchanged, the rock excavator 5 is installed along the cylindrical casing 15 from the beginning, and the automatic control device for repeatedly performing the same operation. And can be migrated. The excavation is completed when all the processes of deep foundation construction are completed.

It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the vertical advanced guiding shaft provided in the natural ground (bedrock) which excavates a deep foundation. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the vertical advanced guiding shaft constructed by boring to the predetermined depth by the down-hole hole hammer with a large diameter at the bottom of the exposed natural ground. It is a partial notch expansion perspective view of the rock excavator by this invention. It is an enlarged bottom view of the rock excavator. It is an enlarged side view which shows the operating state of the rock excavator. In the explanatory drawing in the deep foundation method using the rock excavator of the present invention, the rock bit is crushed by crushing the rock by pressing the roller bit against the end of the rock near the upper end of the free surface of the vertical advanced guide shaft. It shows the state. It is explanatory drawing which shows the state which crushed the rock surface by the roller bit. FIG. It shows a state where the lower roller bit is rotated while pressing from above the rock end face near the upper end of the free surface of the vertical advanced guide shaft. FIG. 8 b shows a state in which the rock is crushed by the end using the roller bit at the lowermost stage. In FIG. 8c, the rock surface was crushed by the bottom roller bit, and the second roller bit from the bottom was pressed from above onto the rock surface near the top of the free surface of the vertical advanced shaft. Indicates the state. Further, FIG. 8d shows a state in which the rock surface is continuously crushed by the lowermost roller bit and the rock surface is crushed by the second roller bit from the bottom. It is an expanded vertical sectional view which shows the operating state of the rock excavator of this invention, and has shown the excavation condition by a rock cutting bit. It is explanatory drawing in the construction method using the conventional rock excavator, The state which is pressing the roller bit against the rock surface and crushing the rock is shown.

Explanation of symbols

1: Ground (rock)
2: Exposed ground (rock)
3: Vertical advanced shaft 4: Inclined surface 5: Rock excavator 6: Rock excavator body 7: Reaction force receiving material 8: Disc-type peeling crushing blade (rock cutting bit)
10: Circular horizontal beam 11: Radial beam 12: Connecting member 13: Scraper 14: Screw conveyor 15: Cylindrical casing (steel pipe)
16: Rotating shaft 17: Spiral blade 18: Screw conveyor motor 19: Gripper device 20: Swivel bearing device 21: Excavator main body rotation driving motor 22: Digging jack 23: Rock mass discharging device 24: Glass basket 25: Lower part Reaction force receiving member 26: open leg anchor 27: penetrating shaft 27a: upper end male thread portion 28: tightening nut

Claims (11)

A rock excavator that excavates vertical shafts and deep foundations in the rock, and the rock cutting bits are spaced at predetermined intervals on the circumference of the inverted conical rock excavator body with its top and bottom being pivotable and rotating. Rotating while pressing the rock cutting bit from above on the rock end face near the free edge of the vertical advanced guide shaft, which is installed in a spiral or stepped arrangement and is pre-excavated at the position where the shaft or deep foundation is excavated. By crushing the end face of the rock mass, the rock excavator body equipped with the rock cutting bit of the above spiral arrangement or stepwise arrangement around the vertical advanced guide shaft is excavated while propelled downward, Rock excavator. It is a rock excavator that excavates shafts and deep foundations in the rock, and the first end face excavator is formed by pre-establishing the vertical advanced guide shaft at the position where the shafts and deep foundations are excavated in advance, and it can move up and down and rotate. The rock cone excavator with the inverted cone-shaped rock excavator body with the apex facing downward takes the reaction force from the reaction force receiving material constructed at the top thereof, and propels the rock excavator body downward during excavation, and the rock excavator 2. The rock excavator according to claim 1, further comprising a rotating means for rotating the main body itself. The rock excavator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the rock excavator main body is further provided with vibration imparting means for crushing the end face while applying vibration to the bit portion. Scrapers for rock mass collision prevention are provided on the left and right sides of each rock cutting bit attached in a spiral or stepped arrangement at a predetermined interval on the peripheral surface of the inverted conical rock excavator body with the apex facing downward The rock drilling machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the rock drilling machine is provided. Furthermore, a screw conveyor is disposed in a cylindrical casing penetrating the rock excavation part, the lower end of the cylindrical casing protrudes below the lowest bit and is in the vertical advanced guide shaft, and the upper portion of the cylindrical casing is a gripper. The upper part of the part protrudes and the excavated debris rises in the cylindrical casing by the operation of the screw conveyor and is carried out to the ground. The rock excavator according to any one of the above. 6. The bedrock according to claim 5, further comprising a lower reaction force receiving device having an open leg anchor as a lower reaction force receiving member pressed against an inner surface of the vertical advanced guide shaft by an open leg. Excavator. The lower reaction force receiving device is a penetrating shaft that penetrates the rotating shaft of the screw conveyor, and an open leg as a lower reaction force receiving member that is attached to the lower end of the screw shaft and pressed against the inner surface of the vertical advanced guide shaft by the opening leg The rock excavator according to claim 6, comprising an anchor and a tightening nut attached to an upper end male thread portion of the penetrating shaft. A vertical advanced guide pit is drilled at a position where a shaft or deep foundation is excavated in advance to form the first circular end face excavator, and then the peripheral surface of the inverted conical rock excavator body with the apex facing downward Disc-shaped rock cutting bits installed in a spiral shape at predetermined intervals in contact with the conical stepped free surface exposed to the ground (rock) in sequence, peeling and crushing the inner part, excavating downward A rock excavation method using the rock excavator according to claim 1, wherein the excavation method is performed. A rock excavation method using the rock excavator according to claim 5, wherein a vertical advanced guide pit is formed by drilling at a position where a vertical shaft or a deep foundation is excavated, and a reaction force receiving material is excavated. The process of installing on the inner surface of the mine, removing the reaction force from the reaction force receiving material, rotating the rock cone excavator body while propelling the inverted cone rock excavator body downward by a predetermined distance, and crushing the rock surface below it A rock excavation method using a rock excavator, comprising: a drilling process for excavating by a rock excavation; and a soil removal process for lifting the excavated debris in a cylindrical casing by an operation of a screw conveyor and carrying it to the ground . A rock excavation method using the rock excavator according to claim 6 or 7, wherein after drilling a shaft or deep foundation to form a vertical advanced guide shaft, excavating the upper reaction force receiving material From the upper reaction force receiving material and the lower reaction force receiving member, the step is installed on the inner surface of the vertical shaft and the leg anchor of the lower reaction force receiving device is opened and pressed against the inner surface of the vertical advanced guiding shaft. The excavation process in which the rock excavator body is rotated while the inverted conical rock excavator body is propelled downward by a predetermined distance and the lower rock is excavated by end face crushing, and the excavated debris A rock excavation method using a rock excavator, comprising a soil removal step of lifting the inside of a cylindrical casing by an operation of a screw conveyor and carrying it out to the ground. Vertical rockheads are provided on the rock mass, and the rock cone is operated by the operation of the inverted conical rock excavator body having the rock cutting bits arranged in a spiral or stepped shape on the circumferential surface with the inner surface of the vertical rockwell as a free surface. The rock excavation method using a rock excavator according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein when crushing the end face, the end face of the rock is crushed while vibrating the bit portion.

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