JP2000204874A - Excavator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an excavator capable of excavating a large hole deeply by a main excavator after a small hole is excavated by a preceding excavator and also recovered by pulling it up without being interfered with protective materials for the large hole. SOLUTION: A casing 11 is connected to an auger pipe 6 raised and lowered by a base machine lifter, and an excavating part 12 is provided at the tip part of the casing 11 to form a preceding excavator 10. A main excavator 40 is installed on a slide frame 20 slid along the casing 11, and the casing 11 is lowered deeply into the ground together with the auger pipe 6 so that a large hole can be excavated deeply into the ground by the main excavator 40. The main excavator 40 is installed on an inner peripheral cutter head 41 so that an outer peripheral cutter head 42 can be separated from the inner peripheral cutter head 41, a cutter 43 is installed on each of these cutter heads, and the outer peripheral cutter head 42 is separated from the inner peripheral cutter head. Thus the excavator can be pulled up for recovery without being interfered with protective materials for the large hole.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an excavator used for shaft excavation, tunnel excavation, or deep foundation work.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art An excavator disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-100584 has been proposed. The excavator includes a base machine having an arm, a telescopic casing gripping device provided at the tip of the arm, a casing inserted through the hollow of the casing gripping device so as to be grippable and openable, and a tip of the casing. A pre-drilling device mounted on the part, a rotating body mounted on the end of the casing gripping device on the pre-drilling device side, and a main excavating device mounted on the rotating body and configured to be rotatable around the casing. I have.

According to the above-mentioned excavator, a small hole is excavated in the ground by a preceding excavator while the casing is sequentially moved downward by grasping and releasing the casing grasping device while expanding and contracting, and the main excavation is performed together with the rotating body. By turning the device, a large hole can be formed by excavating around a small hole excavated by the preceding excavator. This allows the casing to receive the reaction force during the main excavation, so that the base machine only needs to receive the small reaction force during the preceding excavation, and the entire excavator can be reduced in size and weight.

[0004]

The main excavator of the above-mentioned excavator mounts a rotary driving drill bit on a rotating body, and rotates the drill bit together with the rotating body around a casing to drill around a small hole. The shape is a large hole.
For this reason, the excavation power of the main excavator is limited, and in the case of hard ground, the excavation efficiency may be significantly reduced. In order to solve this, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-15307
It is conceivable to use a cutter head in which a plurality of decutters are attached to the lower surface of an annular main body as a main excavator as shown in Japanese Patent Publication No. 7 (1995). When using the main excavator consisting of the above-mentioned cutter head, when drilling holes sequentially while providing a protective material such as lining material on the inner wall of the drilled hole, when the excavator is pulled up from the hole and collected after excavation is completed, The excavator may not be able to be recovered because the main excavator interferes with the protection material.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an excavator capable of solving the above-mentioned problems.

[0006]

Means for Solving the Problems and Functions / Effects A first invention is directed to a preceding excavator 10 having an excavating portion 12 at the tip of a casing 11 and a slide frame 20 slidable along the casing 11. A slide jack 32 that slides the slide frame 20 along the casing 11; a rotating body 34 that is rotated by a rotating device 27 attached to the tip of the slide frame 20; A main excavator 40 having a larger excavation diameter than the excavator 10 is provided, and the main excavator 40 includes an inner peripheral cutter head 41 attached to the rotating body 34.
And an excavator characterized by being formed by a dividable outer cutter head 42 attached to the outer periphery of the inner cutter head 41 and a cutter 43 attached to each cutter head.

According to the first invention, the outer cutter head 42 of the main excavator 40 is disassembled inside the drilled hole,
Since the casing 11 can be assembled, when the casing 11 is lifted and collected after excavating a hole, the outer cutter head 42 is divided and only the inner cutter head 41 is lifted together with the casing 11 and collected, and then the divided outer cutter head 4 is separated.
2 can be lifted and collected. Therefore, when the protective material is provided on the inner wall of the excavated hole, the outer cutter head 42 can be lifted and collected so as not to interfere with the protective material.

[0008] A second invention comprises a leading excavator 10 provided with an excavating part 12 at the tip of a casing 11, and a slide frame 2 slidable along the casing 11.
0, a slide jack 32 that slides the slide frame 20 along the casing 11, a rotating body 34 that is rotated by a rotating device 27 attached to the tip of the slide frame 20, and the preceding The main excavator 40 includes a main excavator 40 having a larger excavation diameter than the excavator 10. The main excavator 40 has a plurality of cutters attached to a cutter head attached to a rotating body 34, and has a state in which a plurality of cutters are attached to an outer peripheral side and an inner peripheral side. An excavator characterized by being able to expand and contract over a state in which the excavator is contracted.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, a large hole can be excavated with the main excavator 40 extended to the outer peripheral side when excavating a hole. When it is lifted and collected, it can be lifted without interfering with the protective material on the inner wall of the excavated hole if it is in a contracted state on the inner peripheral side.

A third aspect of the present invention is the excavator according to the first or second aspect, further comprising a base machine 1 provided with a lifting device 2 for lifting and lowering a rod, and connecting the casing 11 to the rod.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, after the casing 11 is lowered together with the rod and a small hole is excavated by the preceding excavator 10, the main excavator 40 is pushed down by the slide jack 32 via the slide frame 20. Can drill holes.

Further, the casing 11 is connected to a rod descending by the elevating device 2 of the base machine 1, and the main excavating device 40 is connected to the slide frame 20 which slides with respect to the casing 11 via the rotating device 27 and the rotating body 34. Since the main digging device 40 is mounted together with the casing 11, the main digging device 40 can be moved deep into the ground to dig a deep hole.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an excavator according to the third aspect, wherein a base gripper 50 is attached to a position closer to the rod than the slide frame 20 of the casing 11 against the inner wall of the excavated hole so as to be separable.

According to the fourth aspect, the portion of the casing 11 closer to the rod than the slide frame 20 can be supported by the inner wall of the hole excavated by the base gripper 50. Swinging can be prevented.

[0015]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS As shown in FIG. 1, a base machine 1 includes a lifting device 2. The elevating device 2 mounts an elevating body 4 movably up and down along a column 3 that is attached to the base machine 1 so as to be tiltable back and forth, and attaches the elevating member 4 to the column 3 using a feed screw rod or a feed chain (not shown). It is a shape that moves up and down along. A rod, for example, an auger pipe 6 of a screw auger 5 is attached to the elevating body 4.
An excavator 7 is detachably attached to the tip (lower end) of the auger pipe 6. The base end (upper end) of the auger pipe 6 is detachably attached to the elevating body 4, and the screw auger 5 can be lengthened by sequentially joining the auger pipes 6.

As shown in FIG. 2, the auger pipe 6 is detachably connected to a base end of a casing 11 of a preceding drilling device (pilot drilling device) 10. A digging portion 12 is provided in the casing 11, and the digging portion 12
Project from the front end surface 11 a of the casing 11.
The excavating portion 12 is a so-called down-the-hole hammer that allows the bit to move freely along the casing 11. A reaction force receiving piece 13 is movably provided on an outer peripheral surface of the casing 11 near the front end by a jack or the like (not shown) in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the casing 11. The tip gripper 14 is formed so as to be protrudable from 11b.

An earth discharging hole 15 is formed in the casing 11 at a position closer to the base end than the reaction force receiving piece 13 near the distal end of the casing 11. The air in the casing 11 is sucked by an air suction device (not shown), so that the earth and sand excavated in the excavation unit 12 is sucked into the casing 11. The earth and sand sucked into the casing 11 is discharged by the screw auger 5. Thus, a leading drilling device (pilot drilling device) 10 is formed.

As shown in FIG. 3, the casing 11 has a non-circular cross section, for example, a square cross section, and a slide frame 20 is provided on the outer periphery near the base end of the casing 11 so as to be slidable in the axial direction. The slide frame 20 includes an upper slide frame 21 and a lower slide frame 22.
As shown in FIG. 4, the inner surface 21a of the upper slide frame 21 is a square having substantially the same size as the outer surface 11b of the casing 11, and has a large wall thickness. The lower slide frame 22 has a rectangular cross-section and a thin-walled cylindrical shape integrally fixed to the upper slide frame 21, an outer peripheral surface in a long side direction is substantially flush with an outer peripheral surface of the upper slide frame 21, and a short side direction. The inner peripheral surface of the upper slide frame 21
And is substantially flush with the inner peripheral surface of. Vertical ribs 2 on the outer peripheral surface in the short side direction
3 is fixed, and a mounting flange 24 is fixed to the tip.

A vertical guide recess 25 is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the upper slide frame 21 facing the inner peripheral surface of the lower slide frame 22 in the long side direction. Longitudinal guide 2
6 fits. An annular main body 28 of the rotating device 27 is attached to the lower surface of the mounting flange 24, and a lower support member 29 is fixed to the upper surface of the annular main body 28. An upper support member 30 is detachably attached to an outer peripheral surface near the base end of the casing 11 with bolts 31. A slide jack 32 is detachably connected to the upper support member 30 and the lower support member 29 with pins 33. I have. When the slide jack 32 expands and contracts, the slide frame 20 is moved relative to the casing 11 by the vertical guide recess 2.
5 and slide in the axial direction via the vertical guide 26.

The ring-shaped rotating body 3 is provided on the annular main body 28.
4 is rotatably supported by a bearing 35.
4 is rotated by a drive source, for example, a hydraulic motor 36. For example, the pinion is driven by a hydraulic motor 36, an internal gear is provided on a bearing 35 that supports the rotating body 34, the pinion is meshed with the internal gear, and the pinion is driven by the hydraulic motor 36 to drive the rotating body 34. It is made to rotate.

A ring-shaped main excavator 4 is attached to the rotating body 34.
0 is attached. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 5, the main excavator 40 has a ring-shaped inner cutter head 41 attached to the rotating body 34 and a ring-shaped cutter head detachably attached to the outer peripheral surface of the inner cutter head 41. Outer cutter head 42
And a cutter 43 such as a disk cutter attached to each cutter head. The outer cutter head 42 has a ring shape in which a plurality of arc cutter heads 42a are connected by bolts 44, and a key groove 45 is formed on the inner peripheral surface of each arc cutter head 42a. A plurality of keys 46 are fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the inner cutter head 41.
And the key groove 45 are fitted to each other to form a torque transmitting means 47 for transmitting torque from the inner cutter head 41 to the outer cutter head 42.

As described above, by loosening the bolts 44 to divide the arc-shaped cutter heads 42a, the arc-shaped cutter heads 42a can be moved in the radial direction of the inner peripheral cutter head 41 and removed. By connecting the arc-shaped cutter heads 42a by the opposite operation, the outer cutter head 42 can be attached to the outer peripheral surface of the inner cutter head 41. Further, the inner peripheral cutter head 41 is fitted in the assembled outer peripheral cutter head 42 in the vertical direction.

Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, an outer cutter head 42 having a different diameter can be attached to the inner cutter head 41 in common to form a main excavator 40 having a different excavation diameter.

A scraper 49 is attached to the bottom surface of the inner cutter head 41 and the bottom surface of the outer cutter head 42 so as to face down. Inner and outer cutter heads 41 and 42
5 is rotated in the direction of arrow A in FIG. 5 and excavated by each cutter 43, and the excavated soil and the like are scraped by the scraper 49 toward the rotation center. Therefore, the earth and sand excavated by the main excavator 40 is raked toward the casing 11 and is sucked and discharged from the earth discharging hole 15.

The slide frame 2 of the casing 11
A base gripper 50 is removably mounted closer to the base end than zero. This base gripper 50 is
A bracket 52 detachably attached to the outer peripheral surface 11b of the bracket with bolts 51, a pair of links 53 swingably connected to the bracket 52, a jack 54 for swinging the links 53, and a pair of the links 53. It has a gripper piece 55 that is swingably connected. When the jack 54 expands and contracts, the link 53 swings in the radial direction, and the gripper piece 55 moves in the radial direction.

Next, the excavating operation will be described. As shown in FIG. 8, a preliminary hole a is excavated in the ground with a hydraulic excavator or the like, and the inner wall of the preliminary hole a is protected by a protective material b such as a liner plate assembly. From the casing 11 to the slide frame 20,
The main excavator 40, the base gripper 50, and the slide jack 32 are removed to use only the preceding excavator 10, and a small hole c is excavated by the preceding excavator 10.

When a small hole c is excavated to a predetermined depth, the circular cutter head 42a of the outer peripheral cutter head 42 divided by a crane d or the like is put into the preliminary hole a and assembled as shown in FIG. Thereafter, the casing 11 and the auger pipe 6 are separated, and the base machine 1 is retracted.

As shown in FIG.
0, assembling the rotation device 27 and the inner peripheral cutter head 41, suspending the slide frame 20 with the crane d or the like, and inserting the slide frame 20 into the casing 11. Thereafter, the inner cutter head 41 and the outer cutter head 42 are connected. At this time, the casing 1
1 and the slide frame 20 are positioned by the vertical guide recess 25 and the vertical guide 26. As a result, the key 46 of the inner cutter head 41 and the key groove 45 of the outer cutter head 42 are positioned, so that the key groove 45 fits into the key 46 by descending along the casing 11 and the inner cutter head 41 And the outer cutter 42 can be easily connected. The slide jack 32 is connected, and the base gripper 50 is attached.

As shown in FIG. 11, the base machine 1 is approached and the auger pipe 6 and the casing 11 are connected to complete the assembly of the excavator. In this state, the main excavator 40 is rotated by the rotating device 27 and at the same time, the slide jack 32 is extended and operated to push down the main excavator 40 to excavate the large hole e.

As shown in FIG. 12, the slide jack 32
Excavating a large hole e to the end of the elongation stroke,
The inner wall of the large hole e is protected by a protective material b. Next, the slide jack 32 is freely expanded and contracted by an external force, and the auger pipe 6 is lowered by the elevating device 2 so that the leading excavator 10
Then, a small hole c is excavated as shown in FIG.

Thereafter, the excavation of the large hole e by the main excavator 40 and the excavation of the small hole c by the preceding excavator 10 are repeated to excavate the large hole e having a predetermined depth as shown in FIG. In FIG. 14, the auger pipes 6 are sequentially connected.

When the large hole e is excavated by the main excavator 40, the gripper piece 55 of the base gripper 50 is pressed against the inner wall (protective material b) to support the casing 11 near the base end. This can prevent the base 11 of the casing 11 from swinging.

The excavation reaction force of the main excavator 40 is supported by a portion of the casing 11 fitted into the small hole c. Moreover, by holding the small hole c with the tip gripper 14, the excavation reaction force by the main excavator 40 can be more reliably supported.

After excavating a large-diameter hole to a predetermined depth as shown in FIG. 14, the slide jack 32 is detached from the rotating device 27 and the auger pipe 6 is raised to enlarge the preceding excavating device 10 as shown in FIG. Remove it from the hole and retract the base machine 1. As shown in FIG. 16, the slide frame 20, the rotating device 27, and the inner peripheral cutter head 41 are lifted and recovered by a crane d or the like. Finally, the outer peripheral cutter head 42 is divided as shown in FIG. 17, and each of the arc-shaped cutter heads 42a is lifted and recovered by a crane d or the like.

As described above, the outer peripheral cutter head 42 is divided and lifted for each arc-shaped cutter head 42a to be recovered, so that the outer cutter head 42 can be recovered without interfering with the inner wall protection member b.

Next, a second embodiment of the main excavator 40 will be described. As shown in FIGS. 18 and 19, a plurality of outer peripheral cutter heads 42 are radially mounted on a ring-shaped inner cutter head 41 so as to be vertically swingable. For example, a plurality of brackets 60 are radially mounted on the inner cutter head 41, and the outer cutter heads 42 are connected to the respective brackets 60 via first and second links 61 and 62 which are vertically separated from each other to form parallel links. I do.

At the time of excavation, the outer cutter head 42 is pressed against the bottom (face) of the large hole as shown by the solid line in FIG. When the excavator is lifted and collected, the outer peripheral cutter head 42 shrinks (translates) by its own weight and contracts as shown by the imaginary line in FIG.
As a result, a large hole can be excavated, and when the excavator is lifted and collected, the outer peripheral cutter head 42 does not interfere with the protection material for the large hole. Note that a cylinder may be connected to the inner cutter head 41 and the outer cutter head 42 and the cylinder may swing up and down.

As shown in FIG. 19, the inner peripheral cutter head 4
An outer peripheral scraper 63 is attached to the bottom surface of 1 so as to be swingable in the direction of the arrow. The outer peripheral scraper 63 expands / contracts (oscillates) due to contact resistance with the face when excavating by rotating each cutter head in the direction of arrow A, and scrapes excavated earth and sand toward the center side.

Outer cutter head 4 of main excavator 40
2 may be moved relative to the inner cutter head 41 using a cylinder to expand and contract. For example, as shown in FIG. 20, the outer cutter head 42 is supported on the inner cutter head 41 slidably in the radial direction, and a slide cylinder 64 is connected across the inner cutter head 41 and the outer cutter head 42. By expanding and contracting the slide cylinder 64, the outer cutter head 42 slides to the outer circumferential side or the inner circumferential side with respect to the inner circumferential cutter head 4.

As shown in FIG. 21, the outer cutter head 4
2 is connected to the inner cutter head 41 by a hinge 65 so as to be vertically swingable, and a swing cylinder 66 attached to the inner cutter head 41 so as to be able to swing vertically is connected to the outer cutter head 42. Is expanded and contracted so that the outer cutter head 42 swings up and down.

As shown in FIG. 22, the inner peripheral cutter head 4
A ring body 67 is rotatably provided on the outer peripheral surface of the first unit 1 and a rotary cylinder 68 is connected to the ring body 67 and the inner peripheral cutter head 41. When the rotary cylinder 68 expands and contracts, the ring body 67 rotates by a predetermined angle. To A pin 70 is fixed to a ring body 67 from a long hole 69 of an outer cutter head 42 which is swingably connected to an inner cutter head 41, and the outer cutter head 42 swings by rotating the ring body 67, and the cutter 43 is rotated. On the outer circumference side or on the inner circumference side to expand and contract.

As shown in FIG. 23, a ring-shaped main body 71 is provided.
A plurality of cutter heads 72 serving both as an inner cutter head 41 and an outer cutter head 42 are radially directed to the hinge 7.
Attach 4 so that it can swing up and down. The swing cylinder 73 is connected across the main body 71 and the cutter head 72, and the cutter head 72 swings up and down to expand and contract by expanding and contracting the swing cylinder 73.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall side view of an excavator.

FIG. 2 is a partially broken side view of the excavator.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a plan view of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a bottom view of the main excavator.

FIG. 6 is a bottom view of main excavators having different excavation diameters.

FIG. 7 is a bottom view of main excavators having different excavation diameters.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of an excavation operation.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of an excavation operation.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of an excavation operation.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram of an excavation operation.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram of an excavation operation.

FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of an excavation operation.

FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram of an excavation operation.

FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram of an excavator collecting operation.

FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram of an excavator collecting operation.

FIG. 17 is an explanatory view of an excavator collecting operation.

FIG. 18 is a side view showing a second embodiment of the main excavator.

FIG. 19 is a bottom view of FIG. 18;

FIG. 20 is a sectional view showing a third embodiment of the main excavator.

FIG. 21 is a side view showing a fourth embodiment of the main excavator.

FIG. 22 is a plan view showing a fifth embodiment of the main excavator.

FIG. 23 is a side view showing a sixth embodiment of the main excavator.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Base machine 2 ... Elevating device 6 ... Auger pipe (rod) 7 ... Drilling device 10 ... Advance drilling device 11 ... Casing 12 ... Excavation part 14 ... Tip gripper 20 ... Slide frame 25 ... Vertical guide recess 26 ... Vertical guide 27 ... Rotating device 32 ... Sliding jack 34 ... Rotating body 36 ... Hydraulic motor 40 ... Main drilling device 41 ... Inner peripheral cutter head 42 ... Outer peripheral cutter head 42a ... Circular cutter head 43 ... Cutter 45 ... Key groove 46 ... Key 47 ... Torque Transmission means 49 ... scraping scraper 50 ... base gripper 55 ... gripper piece 60 ... bracket 61 ... first link 62 ... second link 63 ... outer peripheral scraper 64 ... slide cylinder 66 ... swinging cylinder 67 ... ring body 68 ... rotating cylinder 69 ... Long hole 70 ... Pin 71 ... Main body 72 ... Cutter head 73 ... Acting cylinder

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Kiyoshi Katsunuma 2-3-6 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo Komatsu Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Junichi Mitsunaga 1-16-1 Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo Tokyu (72) Inventor Yoshitaka Yanagihara 1-16-14 Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo Tokyu Construction (72) Inventor Hideyuki Masubuchi 1-16-14, Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo Tokyu 2D029 DC01 DE01 PA08 PC02 PD01

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A leading excavator (10) having an excavation part (12) at the tip of a casing (11); a slide frame (20) slidable along the casing (11); A slide jack (32) for sliding the frame (20) along the casing (11), a rotating body (34) rotated by a rotating device (27) attached to the tip of the slide frame (20); The preceding drilling device (1) attached to the body (34)
0), a main excavator (40) having a larger excavation diameter than the main excavator. The main excavator (40) includes an inner peripheral cutter head (41) attached to a rotating body (34), and an inner peripheral cutter head (41). ), The splittable outer cutter head (42) attached to the outer periphery of the cutter, and the cutter (4) attached to each cutter head.
An excavator formed in 3). 2. A leading excavator (10) having an excavation part (12) at the tip of a casing (11); a slide frame (20) slidable along the casing (11); A slide jack (32) for sliding the frame (20) along the casing (11), a rotating body (34) rotated by a rotating device (27) attached to the tip of the slide frame (20); The preceding drilling device (1) attached to the body (34)
0) The main excavator (40) has a larger excavation diameter than that of the main excavator. An excavator characterized in that it can be expanded and contracted between a state and a state contracted inward. 3. The excavator according to claim 1, wherein a base machine (1) having a lifting device (2) for lifting and lowering a rod is provided, and the casing (11) is connected to the rod. 4. The excavator according to claim 3, wherein a base gripper (50) is attached to the casing (11) at a position closer to the rod than the slide frame (20), the base gripper (50) being pressed against the inner wall of the drilled hole and detachable.