CN114277797A - Steel-pipe pile sinking device - Google Patents
Steel-pipe pile sinking device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114277797A CN114277797A CN202111637164.1A CN202111637164A CN114277797A CN 114277797 A CN114277797 A CN 114277797A CN 202111637164 A CN202111637164 A CN 202111637164A CN 114277797 A CN114277797 A CN 114277797A
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Abstract
The invention provides a pile sinking device for a steel pipe pile, which comprises: the pile cap is used for being arranged at the top end of the steel pipe pile; a support cylinder, the bottom end of which is arranged on the pile cap; the pile hammer is sleeved on the outer side of the supporting cylinder; the lifting mechanism is connected with the pile hammer and is used for driving the pile hammer to move along the supporting cylinder; and the slewing mechanism is arranged on the pile hammer and the pile cap and is used for enabling the pile hammer to vertically impact the pile cap downwards or enabling the pile hammer to rotate relative to the pile cap and impact the pile cap. The invention can solve the problem that the pile cannot be sunk into the designed depth due to the reasons of soil plug, hard stratum and the like in the pile sinking process, has less damage to the soil layer around the pile and at the pile end, has less loss of bearing capacity of the pile, reduces the equipment hoisting times, greatly expands the application field of the steel pipe pile, reduces the energy consumption and obviously improves the construction efficiency and the safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pile foundation construction, and particularly relates to a pile sinking device for a steel pipe pile.
Background
In the process of driving the open steel pipe pile into a soil layer, a large amount of soil body is poured into the pipe to form a soil plug. The correct judgment of the impact of the soil plug on the driving performance of the pile is related to the design of the pile, the type selection of construction equipment and the construction efficiency. A large amount of tests and field actual measurement data at home and abroad show that the height and the blocking degree of the soil plug in the open steel pipe pile vary with a plurality of factors such as soil property, geometrical characteristics of the pile, a pile forming method, the depth of the pile entering the soil and the depth of the pile entering a bearing stratum, and the height and the blocking degree of the soil plug are the closest to the property of a soil layer and the diameter of the pile. In the soft soil area, the height of the soil plug of the large-diameter steel pipe pile is almost equal to the penetration depth, even higher than the mud surface, and no blocking or incomplete blocking is shown, and pile sinking equipment with high adaptability to the pile and the soil layer can be selected by carrying out driving analysis on the dynamic pile sinking in advance, so that the pile is smoothly penetrated to the designed depth, and the requirement of bearing capacity is met. However, due to the complexity of the problem, the risk of hammer rejection still frequently occurs in pile driving in inexperienced areas or in soil layers, which can lead to several disadvantageous results or options:
(1) the selected hammer type is not large enough, the pile cannot be sunk into the designed elevation, the bearing capacity of the design requirement cannot be met, the distance between the piles is forcibly reduced, and the economic span of the upper structure is sacrificed;
(2) the larger hammer type is used for forcibly hammering, but the investment is increased, and the pile body is possibly damaged by the forcible hammering;
(3) the wall thickness of the pile body is increased while a larger hammer is used, and the wall thickness of the pile far exceeds the wall thickness meeting the design bearing capacity requirement, so that material waste is caused;
(4) the design is forced to be changed into other pile types such as a cast-in-place pile and the like, so that the construction cost and the construction period are greatly increased;
(5) clearing the soil under the pile tip by drilling a small hole or by putting down flushing equipment as a sleeve pile, wherein the method is generally avoided due to unpredictability of results;
(6) the method for removing the soil plug in the pile is one of the feasible directions at present by adopting a water flushing method, a gas lift method, a pre-drilling method and the like, but the operation is complex and the working efficiency is not high in the implementation process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a steel pipe pile sinking device which can solve the problem that a pile cannot be sunk into a designed depth due to the fact that a hammer is refused due to reasons of soil plugs, hard stratums and the like in the pile sinking process, and has the advantages of less damage to soil layers around the pile and at the pile end, less loss of bearing capacity of the pile, reduction of equipment hoisting times, great expansion of a steel pipe pile application field, reduction of energy consumption and obvious improvement of construction efficiency and safety.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a steel-pipe pile sinking device includes:
the pile cap is used for being arranged at the top end of the steel pipe pile;
a support cylinder, the bottom end of which is arranged on the pile cap;
the pile hammer is sleeved on the outer side of the supporting cylinder;
the lifting mechanism is connected with the pile hammer and is used for driving the pile hammer to move along the supporting cylinder;
and the slewing mechanism is arranged on the pile hammer and the pile cap and is used for enabling the pile hammer to vertically impact the pile cap downwards or enabling the pile hammer to rotate relative to the pile cap and impact the pile cap.
Furthermore, the pile cap structure also comprises a hole guiding mechanism for guiding holes, the hole guiding mechanism is detachably arranged at the top end of the supporting cylinder, the supporting cylinder is a hollow cylinder, and a through hole communicated with the supporting cylinder is formed in the pile cap.
Furthermore, the slewing mechanism comprises a plurality of first impact keys and a plurality of second impact keys, the first impact keys are arranged at the top end of the pile cap at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the support cylinder, a first inclined plane is arranged on one side of each first impact key in the first direction, and a gap for the second impact key to insert is formed between every two adjacent first impact keys;
the number of the second punching keys is the same as that of the first punching keys, the second punching keys are arranged at the bottom end of the pile hammer at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the support cylinder, a second inclined surface is arranged on one side of each second punching key in a second direction, and the second direction is opposite to the first direction;
the top end of the pile hammer is provided with a first annular sliding groove, and one end of the lifting mechanism is arranged in the first annular sliding groove in a sliding mode.
Furthermore, a plurality of direction-adjusting limiting grooves are formed in the lower portion of the outer side wall of the supporting cylinder along the circumferential direction of the supporting cylinder, the number of the direction-adjusting limiting grooves is equal to that of the second flushing keys, the direction-adjusting limiting grooves correspond to the second flushing keys in a one-to-one mode, and one ends of the second flushing keys are arranged in the corresponding direction-adjusting limiting grooves in a sliding mode;
the direction-adjusting limiting groove comprises a first vertical side wall, a top wall, a second vertical side wall, an inclined side wall and a third vertical side wall which are sequentially connected, and the distance between the second vertical side wall and the first vertical side wall is smaller than the distance between the third vertical side wall and the first vertical side wall;
the plurality of second impact keys correspond to the plurality of first impact keys one by one, and when the second impact keys are contacted with the third vertical side wall, the second impact keys are positioned above the gaps on one side of the first direction corresponding to the first impact keys;
when the second punching key is contacted with the second vertical side wall, the bottom end of the second inclined surface of the second punching key is positioned above the top end of the first inclined surface of the corresponding first punching key.
Furthermore, the lifting mechanism comprises a plurality of bidirectional oil cylinders, the top ends of the bidirectional oil cylinders are connected with the top end of the supporting cylinder, and the bottom ends of the bidirectional oil cylinders are arranged in the first annular sliding groove in a sliding mode through the hammer core hanging feet.
Furthermore, an annular hanging beam is arranged at the top end of the supporting cylinder, a second annular sliding groove is formed in the bottom end of the annular hanging beam, and the top end of the bidirectional oil cylinder is arranged in the second annular sliding groove in a sliding mode through an oil cylinder hanging foot.
Furthermore, the lifting mechanism further comprises a plurality of oil cylinder limiting rings, the oil cylinder limiting rings are sleeved on the outer side of the supporting cylinder and arranged at intervals, and a plurality of positioning holes for the two-way oil cylinders to penetrate through are formed in the oil cylinder limiting rings respectively.
Furthermore, a plurality of lifting lugs are symmetrically arranged at the top end of the annular lifting beam.
Further, the pile cap comprises an inner holding cylinder, an outer holding cylinder, a pressure-bearing disc beam and a plurality of force transmission bolts, the inner holding cylinder is arranged at the bottom end of the pressure-bearing disc beam, the outer holding cylinder is sleeved outside the inner holding cylinder and arranged at the bottom end of the pressure-bearing disc beam, insertion grooves for inserting the top end of the steel pipe pile are formed among the outer holding cylinder, the inner holding cylinder and the pressure-bearing disc beam, the plurality of force transmission bolts are arranged in the insertion grooves at intervals along the circumferential direction of the insertion grooves, one end of each force transmission bolt is connected with the inner holding cylinder, the other end of each force transmission bolt is connected with the outer holding cylinder, and the top end of the pressure-bearing disc beam is connected with the bottom end of the support cylinder.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: vertical impact and rotary impact are integrated, two modes of impact or impact and rotation and the like can be adopted, the advantages of various method principles can be fully exerted, the capability of the steel pipe pile for penetrating through various soil layers is improved, the problem that the pile cannot be sunk into the designed depth due to the fact that the pile is refused to be hammered in the pile sinking process due to the reasons of soil plug, hard stratum and the like is effectively solved, and the soil layer category of the application of the steel pipe pile is greatly expanded; repeated hoisting operation is not needed, the construction efficiency can be greatly improved when the soil layer with difficult pile sinking is constructed, and the construction period, materials and personnel allocation are saved; the method has the advantages that soil layers around the pile and at the pile end are damaged less, the bearing capacity loss of the pile is less, the application field of the steel pipe pile is greatly expanded, conditions are created for reducing the use of cast-in-place piles in related soil layers, energy can be greatly saved, emission can be greatly reduced, energy consumption is reduced, and the construction efficiency and safety are obviously improved; structural layout is reasonable, and the pile hammer cover is established in the support drum outside, has than the solid hammer bigger around cross-section center moment of inertia of equal weight, and the gyration impact effect of production is more obvious, and fail safe nature is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a steel pipe pile sinking device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the pile sinking apparatus for steel pipe piles according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 1;
fig. 4 is a schematic position diagram of the steel pipe pile sinking device in an impact and rotation mode when a first impact key and a second impact key impact;
fig. 5 is a schematic position diagram of a first impact stroke and a second impact stroke when the impact of the steel pipe pile sinking device is finished;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the upper part of the steel pipe pile sinking device of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a pile cap sleeved on a steel pipe pile in the steel pipe pile sinking device of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a structural schematic view of the lower part of the outer side wall of the support cylinder in the pile sinking device for the steel pipe pile according to the present invention.
In the figure, 1-pile cap, 11-inner holding cylinder, 12-outer holding cylinder, 13-pressure-bearing plate beam, 14-force-transmitting bolt, 15-through hole, 2-support cylinder, 21-direction-adjusting limit groove, 211-first vertical side wall, 212-top wall, 213-second vertical side wall, 214-inclined side wall, 215-third vertical side wall, 22-annular hanging beam, 221-lifting lug, 3-pile hammer, 31-first annular sliding groove, 4-lifting mechanism, 41-two-way oil cylinder, 42-hammer core hanging foot, 43-oil cylinder hanging foot, 44-oil cylinder limit ring, 5-slewing mechanism, 51-first punching button, 511-first inclined surface, 52-second punching button, 521-second inclined surface and 6-hole-leading mechanism, 7-steel pipe pile and 8-soil plug.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. Meanwhile, in the description of the present invention, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used only for distinguishing the description, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships conventionally put in use of products of the present invention, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have specific orientations, be constructed in specific orientations, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a steel pipe pile sinking apparatus according to the present invention, and fig. 2 is a sectional view of the steel pipe pile sinking apparatus according to the present invention. The utility model provides a steel-pipe pile sinking device, including pile cap 1, support drum 2, pile hammer 3, hoist mechanism 4 and rotation mechanism 5, pile cap 1 is used for setting up on 7 tops of steel-pipe pile, the bottom setting of supporting drum 2 is on pile cap 1, 3 covers of pile hammer are established in the outside of supporting drum 2, hoist mechanism 4 is connected with pile hammer 3, be used for driving pile hammer 3 along supporting drum 2 and removing, rotation mechanism 5 sets up on pile hammer 3 and pile cap 1, be used for making pile hammer 3 strike pile cap 1 downwards perpendicularly, perhaps, be used for making pile hammer 3 relative pile cap 1 rotate and strike pile cap 1.
When the steel pipe pile sinking device is actually used, the steel pipe pile 7 is hoisted firstly, is positioned in a proper mode through a guide frame and the like, and is subjected to pile inserting, pile stabilizing and other processes through equipment such as a vibration hammer and the like. After the steel pipe pile 7 is inserted and stabilized, the steel pipe pile sinking device is lifted to the top end of the steel pipe pile 7 through a crane, and the pile cap 1 is sleeved at the top end of the steel pipe pile 7. And starting an impact mode, lifting the pile hammer 3 by a preset height along the supporting cylinder 2 by the lifting mechanism 4, then controlling the pile hammer 3 to freely fall to impact the pile cap 1, and enabling the pile hammer 3 to only generate downward impact force under the action of the slewing mechanism 5, so that the steel pipe pile 7 generates axial displacement under the impact action, and enabling the steel pipe pile 7 to be settled. Controlling the pile hammer 3 to repeatedly impact the pile cap 1 in an impact mode, accumulating axial displacement of the steel pipe pile 7, enabling the soil penetration depth of the steel pipe pile 7 to gradually increase until pile sinking is completed, if the situation that the steel pipe pile 7 is difficult to penetrate or refuses to penetrate in the pile sinking process occurs, starting an impact and rotation mode, enabling the pile hammer 3 to rotate relative to the pile cap 1 and impact the pile cap 1 under the action of a rotation mechanism 5 when the pile hammer 3 freely falls to impact the pile cap 1, according to a mechanical principle, decomposing impact force of the pile hammer 3 on the pile cap 1 into tangential force around the circle center of the steel pipe pile 7 and axial force along the axis of the steel pipe pile 7, enabling the steel pipe pile 7 to generate annular displacement and axial displacement under the impact and rotation effects, enabling the steel pipe pile 7 to rotate and settle, controlling the pile hammer 3 to repeatedly impact the pile cap 1 in the impact and rotation mode, accumulating the annular displacement and the axial displacement of the steel pipe pile 7, and enabling the soil penetration depth of the steel pipe pile 7 to gradually increase, until pile sinking is completed.
Wherein, be equipped with the through hole that runs through its top and bottom in the pile hammer 3, its spatial structure is cylindrical hollow structure, and the outside of supporting drum 2 is located through the through hole cover on the pile hammer 3, and can move along the length direction of supporting drum 2. The cylindrical pile hammer 3 has larger center moment of inertia around the section than a solid hammer with the same weight, has more obvious impact rotation effect on the steel pipe pile 7, and has high safety and reliability.
In an embodiment, the pile sinking device for the steel pipe pile further comprises a hole guiding mechanism 6 for guiding a hole, the hole guiding mechanism 6 is detachably arranged at the top end of the supporting cylinder 2, the supporting cylinder 2 is a hollow cylinder, and the pile cap 1 is provided with a through hole 15 communicated with the supporting cylinder 2. And a hole guiding mechanism 6 is added, and a hole guiding method is integrated in the steel pipe pile sinking device, so that the steel pipe pile sinking device provided by the invention additionally adopts an impact and rotation hole guiding mode, and the problem that the steel pipe pile 7 cannot sink into the designed depth due to the rejection caused by a soil plug 8, a hard stratum and the like in the pile sinking process can be further solved by the hole guiding method. The hole guiding method can adopt a gas lift hole guiding method, a flushing hole guiding method and a drilling hole guiding method, and the hole guiding mechanism 6 can adopt corresponding existing equipment according to different adopted hole guiding methods. And the hollow interior of the supporting cylinder 2 and the through hole 15 on the pile cap 1 can be used for lowering a hole guiding tool of the hole guiding mechanism 6 onto the surface of the soil plug 8 in the steel pipe pile 7, wherein the hole guiding tool comprises a flushing nozzle, a high-pressure pipe, a gas lift drill bit, a drill rod and the like. The inner diameter of the supporting cylinder 2 is the same as the diameter of the through hole 15, and the supporting cylinder 2 is welded and fixed on the pile cap 1. Specifically, the hole leading mechanism 6 of the gas lift hole leading method mainly comprises a main machine, a hydraulic power unit, an air compressor unit, a water pump unit and a drilling tool, wherein the selection of the types of the main machine and the hydraulic power unit depends on geological conditions and the required maximum hole leading depth, the type of the air compressor unit is matched according to the working pressure and the air supply amount of a gas lift cycle, and the drilling tool is used as a hole leading tool and comprises a scraper drill bit and a hob drill bit, wherein the former is suitable for geology such as sandy soil, clay, gravel and strongly weathered soft rock, and the latter is suitable for medium-hard rock such as strongly weathered rock and weakly weathered rock. The working principle of the gas lift hole guiding is that compressed air is sent into a shaft for a certain depth along a gas transmission pipeline of a double-wall drilling tool and is injected into the shaft through a mixer to be mixed with circulating liquid, because the density of mixed liquid is less than that of flushing liquid, pressure difference is generated between the shaft and a slag discharge pipe, and gas and liquid mixed in the slag discharge pipe flow upwards at a high speed under the action of the liquid column pressure of the shaft, so that rock cores or rock debris at the bottom of a hole are continuously discharged out of the ground surface. The three phases of gas, liquid and solid flow through the reverse circulation vibrating screen and are discharged into a sedimentation tank. The settled slurry flows back into the hole again to supplement the space of the circulating liquid, thus continuously circulating to form the process of continuous drilling. The hole guiding mechanism 6 of the flushing hole guiding method mainly comprises a water pump, a water conveying pipeline, a water jetting pipe and the like. The water jetting pipe is a hole leading tool, and the flushing hole leading method utilizes high-pressure water flow to pass through the water jetting pipe attached to the side surface of the pile or the inside of the hollow pile, so that the high-pressure water flow can be used for punching soil layers on the side of the pile or near the pile tip, and the hammering is facilitated. The hole leading mechanism 6 of the hole drilling and leading method can be a diving drill or a rotary drill, the diving drill transmits power to an output shaft through a speed reducer by a diving motor to drive a drill bit to cut rock and soil, the power device directly drives the drill bit to rotate and cut when working, and the drill rod only plays a role in connecting and transmitting anti-torque conveying mud without rotating; the rotary drilling machine drives the drilling machine rotary device to rotate by the power device, so that the drill rod with the drill bit is driven to rotate, and the drill bit cuts soil.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 4 and fig. 5 in combination, fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of part a of fig. 1, fig. 4 is a schematic view of positions of a first impact key and a second impact key of the steel pipe pile sinking device in an impact and rotation mode, and fig. 5 is a schematic view of positions of the first impact key and the second impact key at the end of an impact of the steel pipe pile sinking device. In an embodiment, the swing mechanism 5 comprises a plurality of first punching keys 51 and a plurality of second punching keys 52, the plurality of first punching keys 51 are arranged at the top end of the pile cap 1 at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the support cylinder 2, a first inclined surface 511 is arranged on one side of each first punching key 51 in the first direction, and a gap for inserting the second punching keys 52 is formed between every two adjacent first punching keys 51; the number of the second punching keys 52 is the same as that of the first punching keys 51, the second punching keys 52 are arranged at the bottom end of the pile hammer 3 at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the support cylinder 2, one side of the second punching keys 52 in the second direction is provided with a second inclined surface 521, and the second direction is opposite to the first direction; the top end of the pile hammer 3 is provided with a first annular sliding chute 31, and one end of the lifting mechanism 4 is arranged in the first annular sliding chute 31 in a sliding manner. The number of the first punching keys 51 is the same as that of the second punching keys 52, the number of gaps formed by the first punching keys 51 is also the same as that of the second punching keys 52, after the pile hammer 3 impacts the pile cap 1, the second punching keys 52 are respectively positioned in the gaps, the vertical sections of the first punching keys 51 and the second punching keys 52 are in a trapezoid shape, and the projections of the first punching keys 51 and the second punching keys 52 are in a fan shape. Therefore, in an impact mode, the lifting mechanism 4 drives the pile hammer 3 to be lifted vertically to a preset height along the supporting cylinder 2, then the pile hammer 3 is controlled to fall freely, so that the second impact button 52 on the pile hammer 3 falls back into the gap vertically, at the moment, the pile hammer 3 only generates downward impact force on the pile cap 1, and the steel pipe pile 7 generates axial displacement under the impact action; in the impact and rotation mode, the lifting mechanism 4 drives the pile hammer 3 to lift vertically to a preset height along the support cylinder 2, then controls the pile hammer 3 to rotate for a certain angle relative to the pile cap 1, so that the bottom end of the second inclined surface 521 of the second impact key 52 is positioned above the top end of the first inclined surface 511 of the first impact key 51, then enables the pile hammer 3 to fall freely until the bottom end of the second inclined surface 521 of the second impact key 52 impacts with the top end of the first inclined surface 511 of the first impact key 51, and under the matching of the second inclined surface 521 of the second impact key 52 and the first inclined surface 511 of the first impact key 51, the second inclined surface 521 of the second impact key 52 moves along the first inclined surface 511 of the first impact key 51, so that the pile hammer 3 rotates relative to the pile cap 1 and impacts the pile cap 1, and the impact force of the pile hammer 3 on the pile cap 1 is decomposed into a tangential force around the center of the steel pipe pile 7 and an axial force along the axis of the steel pipe pile 7 according to the principle, the steel pipe pile 7 generates circumferential displacement and axial displacement under the action of impact and torsion. The first direction may be a counterclockwise direction, and the second direction may be a clockwise direction. The number of the first and second punching keys 51 and 52 can be determined according to actual requirements, and preferably, the number of the first and second punching keys 51 and 52 is eight.
Referring to fig. 8, fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a lower portion of an outer side wall of a support cylinder in the steel pipe pile sinking apparatus according to the present invention. In one embodiment, the lower portion of the outer side wall of the support cylinder 2 is provided with a plurality of direction-adjusting limiting grooves 21 along the circumferential direction thereof, the number of the direction-adjusting limiting grooves 21 is equal to that of the second punching keys 52, the direction-adjusting limiting grooves 21 and the second punching keys 52 are in one-to-one correspondence, and one end of each second punching key 52 is slidably arranged in the corresponding direction-adjusting limiting groove 21; the direction-adjusting limiting groove 21 comprises a first vertical side wall 211, a top wall 212, a second vertical side wall 213, an inclined side wall 214 and a third vertical side wall 215 which are sequentially connected, and the distance between the second vertical side wall 213 and the first vertical side wall 211 is smaller than the distance between the third vertical side wall 215 and the first vertical side wall 211; the plurality of second punching keys 52 correspond to the plurality of first punching keys 51 one by one, and when the second punching keys 52 are contacted with the third vertical side wall 215, the second punching keys 52 are positioned above the gaps corresponding to the first direction side of the first punching keys 51; when the second punching stroke 52 is in contact with the second vertical sidewall 213, the bottom end of the second inclined surface 521 of the second punching stroke 52 is located above the top end of the first inclined surface 511 of the corresponding first punching stroke 51. In order to facilitate the control of the rotation of the pile hammer 3 by a certain angle and realize the switching between the impact mode and the impact and rotation mode, a plurality of direction-adjusting limiting grooves 21 are formed in the outer side wall of the supporting cylinder 2, and the third vertical side wall 215 of each direction-adjusting limiting groove 21 and one side, far away from the first inclined surface 511, of the first impact key 51 are located on the same plane, so that after the pile hammer 3 impacts the pile cap 1, a plurality of second impact keys 52 are respectively located in a plurality of gaps, and the second impact keys 52 are in contact with the corresponding third vertical side wall 215 of each direction-adjusting limiting groove 21. Therefore, when the impact mode is needed, the lifting mechanism 4 drives the pile hammer 3 to move upwards, so that the second impact button 52 is lifted to the top end of the third vertical side wall 215 along the corresponding third vertical side wall 215, at the moment, the second impact button 52 is positioned above the gap corresponding to the first direction side of the first impact button 51, then the pile hammer 3 is controlled to fall freely, so that the second impact button 52 falls back into the corresponding gap along the vertical direction, at the moment, the pile hammer 3 only generates downward impact force on the pile cap 1, and the steel pipe pile 7 generates axial displacement under the impact action; when the impact and rotation mode is required, the lifting mechanism 4 drives the pile hammer 3 to move upwards, so that the second impact pin 52 moves to the top end of the third vertical side wall 215 along the corresponding third vertical side wall 215, then the lifting mechanism 4 continues to drive the pile hammer 3 to move upwards, so that the second impact pin 52 contacts the inclined side wall 214 and moves to contact with the second vertical side wall 213 along the inclined side wall 214, so that the pile hammer 3 rotates a certain angle relative to the pile cap 1, at the moment, the bottom end of the second inclined surface 521 of the second impact pin 52 is positioned above the top end of the first inclined surface 511 of the first impact pin 51, and according to the required impact energy, whether the pile hammer 3 is continuously driven to move upwards by the lifting mechanism 4 or not can be selected, so that after the second impact pin 52 is lifted to a preset height along the second vertical side wall 213, the pile hammer 3 is controlled to freely fall until the bottom end of the second inclined surface 521 of the second impact pin 52 impacts with the top end of the first inclined surface 511 of the first impact pin 51, under the matching of the second inclined surface 521 of the second punching key 52 and the first inclined surface 511 of the first punching key 51, the second inclined surface 521 of the second punching key 52 moves along the first inclined surface 511 of the first punching key 51, so that the pile hammer 3 rotates relative to the pile cap 1 and impacts the pile cap 1, and the impact force of the pile hammer 3 on the pile cap 1 is decomposed into a tangential force around the center of the steel pipe pile 7 and an axial force along the axis of the steel pipe pile 7 according to the mechanical principle. Therefore, the impact mode and the impact and rotation mode can be switched by adjusting the design of the limiting groove 21 on the supporting cylinder 2 and driving the pile hammer 3 to move upwards through the lifting mechanism 4. Preferably, the sloped sidewall 214 transitions in a circular arc with both the second vertical sidewall 213 and the third vertical sidewall 215. Facilitating smooth movement of the second stroke key 52 along the third vertical sidewall 215, the inclined sidewall 214 and the second vertical sidewall 213.
Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of an upper portion of the steel pipe pile driving apparatus according to the present invention. In one embodiment, the lifting mechanism 4 comprises a plurality of two-way cylinders 41, wherein the top ends of the two-way cylinders 41 are connected with the top end of the support cylinder 2, and the bottom ends thereof are slidably disposed in the first annular chute 31 through the hammer core suspending foot 42. The bidirectional oil cylinder 41 can perform bidirectional oil feeding or oil returning, namely a piston rod of the bidirectional oil cylinder 41 can provide upward lifting force and downward thrust for the pile hammer 3, namely the pile hammer 3 can freely fall to impact the pile cap 1, or the pile hammer 3 can freely fall and is pushed downwards by the bidirectional oil cylinder 41 to impact the pile cap 1, so that the falling speed of the pile hammer 3 and the impact force of the pile hammer 3 on the pile cap 1 are adjusted, the impact and rotation acting force on the pile cap 1 can be greatly adjusted, and the impact and rotation acting force on the steel pipe pile 7 is adjusted. The first annular chute 31 is an inverted T-shaped groove, the hammer core hanging foot 42 is an inverted T-shaped structure matched with the first annular chute 31, the hammer core hanging foot 42 is arranged in the first annular chute 31 in a sliding mode, and a piston rod of the bidirectional oil cylinder 41 is connected with the hammer core hanging foot 42 so that when the pile hammer 3 is lifted and lowered, the pile hammer 3 can rotate relative to the pile cap 1.
In one embodiment, the top end of the supporting cylinder 2 is provided with an annular hanging beam 22, the bottom end of the annular hanging beam 22 is provided with a second annular sliding groove, and the top end of the bidirectional oil cylinder 41 is slidably arranged in the second annular sliding groove through an oil cylinder hanging foot 43. The device is convenient for installing the bidirectional oil cylinder 41, so that the bidirectional oil cylinder 41 and the supporting cylinder 2 form an integral structure and are convenient for hoisting. The second annular chute is of a T-shaped structure, the oil cylinder hanging foot 43 is of a T-shaped structure matched with the second annular chute, and the bidirectional oil cylinder 41 is arranged in the second annular chute in a sliding mode through the oil cylinder hanging foot 43, so that the bidirectional oil cylinder 41 is hung on the annular hanging beam 22 and forms a whole with the supporting cylinder 2. The inner diameter of the annular hanging beam 22 is the same as the outer diameter of the supporting cylinder 2 and is connected by welding, if the hole guiding mechanism 6 is arranged, the hole guiding mechanism 6 can be arranged on the top surface of the annular hanging beam 22. In one embodiment, the top end of the ring-shaped hanging beam 22 is symmetrically provided with a plurality of lifting lugs 221. The steel pipe pile sinking device is convenient for a crane to hoist through the lifting lugs 221.
In an embodiment, the lifting mechanism 4 further includes a plurality of cylinder retaining rings 44, the plurality of cylinder retaining rings 44 are disposed at intervals on the outer side of the supporting cylinder 2, and a plurality of positioning holes for the plurality of bidirectional cylinders 41 to pass through are formed on the cylinder retaining rings 44. The plurality of oil cylinder limiting rings 44 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the supporting cylinder 2, each two-way oil cylinder 41 sequentially penetrates through the positioning holes of the plurality of oil cylinder limiting rings 44, the two-way oil cylinders 41 are fixed through the plurality of oil cylinder limiting rings 44 to maintain vertical arrangement, the oil cylinder limiting rings 44 fix the plurality of two-way oil cylinders 41 in a cylindrical shape, the plurality of two-way oil cylinders 41 can integrally rotate around the supporting cylinder 2, and in the pile sinking process, the high-pressure oil pipes of the two-way oil cylinders 41 always face the direction of a high-pressure power station for providing oil pressure for the two-way oil cylinders 41. Preferably, the number of the cylinder stopper rings 44 may be set to 2 to 4.
Referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 is a schematic view illustrating a pile cap sleeved on a steel pipe pile in the steel pipe pile driving apparatus according to the present invention. In one embodiment, the pile cap 1 includes an inner holding cylinder 11, an outer holding cylinder 12, a pressure-bearing disc beam 13 and a plurality of force-transmitting bolts 14, the inner holding cylinder 11 is arranged at the bottom end of the pressure-bearing disc beam 13, the outer holding cylinder 12 is sleeved outside the inner holding cylinder 11 and arranged at the bottom end of the pressure-bearing disc beam 13, insertion grooves for inserting the top ends of the steel pipe piles 7 are formed among the outer holding cylinder 12, the inner holding cylinder 11 and the pressure-bearing disc beam 13, the plurality of force-transmitting bolts 14 are arranged in the insertion grooves at intervals along the circumferential direction of the insertion grooves, one end of each force-transmitting bolt 14 is connected with the inner holding cylinder 11, the other end of each force-transmitting bolt is connected with the outer holding cylinder 12, and the top end of the pressure-bearing disc beam 13 is connected with the bottom end of the support cylinder 2. The first punching pin 51 is fixed at the top end of the pressure-bearing disc beam 13. When the pile cap is used practically, a rotary limiting groove for placing a plurality of force transmission bolts 14 is formed in the top end of the steel pipe pile 7, when the pile cap 1 is placed on the top end of the steel pipe pile 7, the inner holding cylinder 11 is located in the steel pipe pile 7, the outer holding cylinder 12 is sleeved on the outer side of the steel pipe pile 7, the force transmission bolts 14 are respectively arranged in the corresponding rotary limiting grooves, and the pressure-bearing disc beam 13 is in contact with the top end of the steel pipe pile 7. Preferably, the outer diameter of the inner embracing cylinder 11 is about 1cm smaller than the inner diameter of the steel pipe pile 7, and the inner diameter of the outer embracing cylinder 12 is about 1cm larger than the outer diameter of the steel pipe pile 7. The corresponding positions of the inner embracing cylinder 11 and the outer embracing cylinder 12 are provided with a plurality of round holes, the force transmission bolt 14 penetrates through and is connected with the round holes corresponding to the inner embracing cylinder 11 and the outer embracing cylinder 12 in a welding mode, and the tangential force around the circle center of the steel pipe pile 7 is transmitted to the steel pipe pile 7 through the force transmission bolt 14 and the rotation limiting groove in a matched mode, so that the steel pipe pile 7 generates annular displacement.
The construction method using the steel pipe pile driving device of the present invention is briefly described as follows:
step one, arranging a plurality of rotary limiting grooves for placing a plurality of force transmission bolts 14 at the top end of a steel pipe pile 7;
hoisting the steel pipe pile 7, positioning in a proper mode through a guide frame and the like, and completing the processes of pile inserting, pile stabilizing and the like of the steel pipe pile 7 through equipment such as a vibration hammer and the like;
thirdly, after the steel pipe pile 7 is inserted and stabilized, hoisting the steel pipe pile sinking device by a crane, sleeving the pile cap 1 on the top end of the steel pipe pile 7, and respectively placing a plurality of force transmission bolts 14 in a plurality of rotary limiting grooves, wherein the steel pipe pile sinking device is not provided with a hole guiding mechanism 6;
hoisting the hole guiding mechanism 6, and firmly installing the hole guiding mechanism 6 on the top surface of the annular hanging beam 22 through bolts;
step five, starting an impact mode, lifting the pile hammer 3 through a bidirectional cylinder, enabling the second impact key 52 on the pile hammer 3 to move to the top end of the third vertical side wall 215 along the corresponding third vertical side wall 215, then controlling the pile hammer 3 to fall freely, enabling the second impact key 52 to fall back into the corresponding gap along the vertical direction, enabling the pile hammer 3 to only generate downward impact force on the pile cap 1 at the moment, and enabling the steel pipe pile 7 to generate axial displacement under the impact action, so that the steel pipe pile 7 is settled;
step six, repeating the step five, so that the pile hammer 3 repeatedly impacts the pile cap 1 to generate multiple impact actions, axial displacement of the steel pipe pile 7 is accumulated, and the soil penetration depth of the steel pipe pile 7 is gradually increased until any one of the following conditions occurs: pile sinking is completed, and penetration is difficult or hammer rejection is carried out, and the penetration difficulty and the hammer rejection are determined by the agreed axial penetration degree, such as: if the axial penetration is less than or equal to 2.5 mm/impact, the condition of difficult penetration is shown, and if the axial penetration is less than or equal to 1 mm/impact, the condition of hammer rejection is shown;
step seven, if penetration is difficult or hammer rejection occurs, starting an impact and rotation mode, lifting the pile hammer 3 through the bidirectional cylinder, enabling the second impact key 52 on the pile hammer 3 to move to the top end of the third vertical side wall 215 along the corresponding third vertical side wall 215, then continuously driving the pile hammer 3 to move upwards through the bidirectional cylinder, enabling the second impact key 52 to contact with the inclined side wall 214 and move to contact with the second vertical side wall 213 along the inclined side wall 214, so that the pile hammer 3 rotates a certain angle relative to the pile cap 1, enabling the bottom end of the second inclined surface 521 of the second impact key 52 to be located above the top end of the first inclined surface 511 of the first impact key 51, selecting whether to continuously drive the pile hammer 3 to move upwards through the bidirectional cylinder according to required hammering energy, enabling the second impact key 52 to be lifted to a preset height along the second vertical side wall 213, and controlling the pile hammer 3 to freely fall, until the bottom end of the second inclined surface 521 of the second punching key 52 impacts the top end of the first inclined surface 511 of the first punching key 51, under the matching of the second inclined surface 521 of the second punching key 52 and the first inclined surface 511 of the first punching key 51, the second inclined surface 521 of the second punching key 52 moves along the first inclined surface 511 of the first punching key 51, so that the pile hammer 3 rotates relative to the pile cap 1 and impacts the pile cap 1, according to the mechanical principle, the impact force of the pile hammer 3 on the pile cap 1 is decomposed into a tangential force around the center of the steel pipe pile 7 and an axial force along the axis of the steel pipe pile 7, and the steel pipe pile 7 is impacted and twisted to generate circumferential displacement and axial displacement so that the steel pipe pile 7 rotates and settles;
step eight, repeating the step seven, so that the pile hammer 3 repeatedly impacts the pile cap 1 to generate multiple impact and rotation actions, the annular displacement and the axial displacement of the steel pipe pile 7 are accumulated, and the soil penetration depth of the steel pipe pile 7 is gradually increased until any one of the following conditions occurs: pile sinking is finished, and penetration or hammer rejection is difficult;
step nine, if the situation of difficult penetration or hammer rejection occurs, starting an impact and rotation hole-leading mode, namely, repeating the step seven, and simultaneously starting an auxiliary hole-leading mechanism 6;
and step ten, repeating the step nine until pile sinking is completed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the vertical impact and the rotary impact are integrated, two modes of impact or impact and rotation and the like can be adopted, the advantages of various method principles can be fully exerted, the capability of the steel pipe pile 7 to penetrate various soil layers is improved, the problem that the pile cannot be sunk into the designed depth due to the fact that the pile is refused to be hammered in the pile sinking process due to the soil plug 8, hard stratum and the like is effectively solved, and the soil layer category of the steel pipe pile 7 is greatly expanded; repeated hoisting operation is not needed, the construction efficiency can be greatly improved when the soil layer with difficult pile sinking is constructed, and the construction period, materials and personnel allocation are saved; the damage to soil layers around and at the pile end is less, the loss of the bearing capacity of the pile is less, the application field of the steel pipe pile 7 is greatly expanded, conditions are created for reducing the use of cast-in-place piles in related soil layers, energy can be greatly saved, emission can be greatly reduced, the energy consumption is reduced, and the construction efficiency and safety are obviously improved; structural layout is reasonable, and 3 covers of pile hammer are established in the support drum 2 outsides, have than the solid hammer bigger around cross-section center moment of inertia of equal weight, and the gyration impact effect of production is more obvious, and fail safe nature is high.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, so that any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention will still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A steel-pipe pile sinking device, its characterized in that includes:
the pile cap is used for being arranged at the top end of the steel pipe pile;
a support cylinder, the bottom end of which is arranged on the pile cap;
the pile hammer is sleeved on the outer side of the supporting cylinder;
the lifting mechanism is connected with the pile hammer and is used for driving the pile hammer to move along the supporting cylinder;
and the slewing mechanism is arranged on the pile hammer and the pile cap and is used for enabling the pile hammer to vertically impact the pile cap downwards or enabling the pile hammer to rotate relative to the pile cap and impact the pile cap.
2. The steel pipe pile driving device according to claim 1, further comprising a hole guiding mechanism for guiding a hole, wherein the hole guiding mechanism is detachably disposed at a top end of the support cylinder, the support cylinder is a hollow cylinder, and the pile cap is provided with a through hole communicated with the support cylinder.
3. The pile sinking device for the steel pipe pile according to claim 1, wherein the swing mechanism comprises a plurality of first impact keys and a plurality of second impact keys, the plurality of first impact keys are arranged at the top end of the pile cap at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the support cylinder, a first inclined surface is arranged on one side of each first impact key in the first direction, and a gap for the second impact key to insert is formed between every two adjacent first impact keys;
the number of the second punching keys is the same as that of the first punching keys, the second punching keys are arranged at the bottom end of the pile hammer at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the supporting cylinder, a second inclined surface is arranged on one side of each second punching key in a second direction, and the second direction is opposite to the first direction;
the pile hammer top is equipped with first cyclic annular spout, the one end of hoist mechanism slides and sets up in first cyclic annular spout.
4. The pile sinking device for the steel pipe pile according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of direction-adjusting limiting grooves are formed in the lower portion of the outer side wall of the supporting cylinder along the circumferential direction of the supporting cylinder, the number of the direction-adjusting limiting grooves is equal to that of a plurality of second punching keys, the direction-adjusting limiting grooves correspond to the second punching keys in a one-to-one mode, and one ends of the second punching keys are slidably arranged in the corresponding direction-adjusting limiting grooves;
the direction-adjusting limiting groove comprises a first vertical side wall, a top wall, a second vertical side wall, an inclined side wall and a third vertical side wall which are sequentially connected, and the distance between the second vertical side wall and the first vertical side wall is smaller than the distance between the third vertical side wall and the first vertical side wall;
the plurality of second impact keys correspond to the plurality of first impact keys one by one, and when the second impact keys are contacted with the third vertical side wall, the second impact keys are positioned above the gaps on one side of the first direction corresponding to the first impact keys;
when the second punching key is in contact with the second vertical side wall, the bottom end of the second inclined surface of the second punching key is positioned above the top end of the first inclined surface of the corresponding first punching key.
5. The pile driving device for the steel pipe pile according to claim 3, wherein the lifting mechanism comprises a plurality of bidirectional oil cylinders, the top ends of the bidirectional oil cylinders are connected with the top end of the supporting cylinder, and the bottom ends of the bidirectional oil cylinders are slidably arranged in the first annular sliding groove through the hammer core lifting foot.
6. The steel pipe pile driving device according to claim 5, wherein an annular hanging beam is arranged at the top end of the supporting cylinder, a second annular sliding groove is arranged at the bottom end of the annular hanging beam, and the top end of the bidirectional oil cylinder is slidably arranged in the second annular sliding groove through an oil cylinder hanging foot.
7. The steel pipe pile driving device according to claim 6, wherein the lifting mechanism further comprises a plurality of oil cylinder limiting rings, the plurality of oil cylinder limiting rings are sleeved outside the supporting cylinder and are arranged at intervals, and a plurality of positioning holes for the plurality of bidirectional oil cylinders to pass through are formed in the oil cylinder limiting rings.
8. The steel pipe pile driving device according to claim 6, wherein a plurality of lifting lugs are symmetrically arranged at the top end of the annular lifting beam.
9. The steel pipe pile sinking device according to claim 1, wherein the pile cap comprises an inner embracing cylinder, an outer embracing cylinder, a pressure-bearing disc beam and a plurality of force transferring bolts, the inner embracing cylinder is arranged at the bottom end of the pressure-bearing disc beam, the outer embracing cylinder is sleeved outside the inner embracing cylinder and arranged at the bottom end of the pressure-bearing disc beam, insertion grooves for inserting the top end of the steel pipe pile are formed among the outer embracing cylinder, the inner embracing cylinder and the pressure-bearing disc beam, the plurality of force transferring bolts are arranged in the insertion grooves at intervals along the circumferential direction of the insertion grooves, one end of each force transferring bolt is connected with the inner embracing cylinder, the other end of each force transferring bolt is connected with the outer embracing cylinder, and the top end of the pressure-bearing disc beam is connected with the bottom end of the supporting cylinder.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111637164.1A CN114277797A (en) | 2021-12-29 | 2021-12-29 | Steel-pipe pile sinking device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111637164.1A CN114277797A (en) | 2021-12-29 | 2021-12-29 | Steel-pipe pile sinking device |
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| CN114277797A true CN114277797A (en) | 2022-04-05 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202111637164.1A Pending CN114277797A (en) | 2021-12-29 | 2021-12-29 | Steel-pipe pile sinking device |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115030213A (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2022-09-09 | 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Tool suitable for offshore wind power foundation pile and application method |
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2021
- 2021-12-29 CN CN202111637164.1A patent/CN114277797A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115030213A (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2022-09-09 | 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Tool suitable for offshore wind power foundation pile and application method |
| CN115030213B (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2023-04-11 | 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Tool suitable for offshore wind power foundation pile and application method |
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