JP2005201025A - Construction method of wooden building - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a construction method of a wooden building, for improving durability and a dwelling environment of the wooden building, reducing cost in disassembling processing, and activating forestry and a timber industry by effective use of surplus wood, by simplifying a structure, while imparting moistureproof performance to a foundation structure. <P>SOLUTION: A concrete individual foundation 5 is arranged on a base 1 of the ground surface. A sill 7 combined by vertically superposing two square timbers on a large number of individual foundations 5 spottedly arranged on the ground surface so that the directions of the butt end and the tip end are inversely arranged, is placed and fastened in a state of interposing a moistureproof member 6 between the individual foundations 5. A wall structure is constructed by respectively building up a corner column 11 in a corner part of the sill 7, and a wall panel 13 formed by using a wooden square timber in a position between the corner columns 11, on this sill 7, and a roof set is assembled on this wall structure. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a construction method of a wooden building that can use a wooden slab mainly and can construct a building excellent in earthquake resistance and heat insulation.

  In a conventional general wooden structure for a house, a base is placed and fixed on a cloth foundation or a solid foundation provided on the ground, and a girder is placed between the upper ends of corner pillars built in a corner portion on this foundation. Establish a wall structure between the foundation and the girder by inserting through pillars and studs, and constructing a wall structure by laying plates on both sides of the pillar group, and building a roof set on this wall structure It has become.

  By the way, concrete cloth foundations and solid foundations cannot completely block the permeation of moisture, resulting in a humidity problem in the floor of the building, which is a major factor in reducing the durability of wooden buildings. At the same time, the construction of concrete cloth foundations and solid foundations takes time and effort to remove the foundations when dismantling wooden structures, and also generates a lot of waste. There is a problem that a large amount of expenses are incurred in the dismantling process after the rights contract expires.

  In addition, in conventional wooden buildings, the pillars at the four corners of the building bear the seismic strength, but in the structure in which one corner pillar is built in each corner, there is a limit to improving the strength of the corner pillar, The reality is that a wooden building that has undergone an earthquake has collapsed due to the fall of a corner pillar.

  Furthermore, the recent state of forestry in Japan is that, due to a decrease in demand for timber and labor shortages, timber that can be cut and used for wooden constructions is left as it is, or timber that has been cut out by creation or collection of soil is left as it is. Currently, there is an urgent need for effective use of wood resources.

  Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide moisture resistance to the foundation structure and simplify the structure, thereby improving the durability and living environment of the wooden building, reducing costs during dismantling treatment, and improving the earthquake resistance. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for constructing a wooden building that can construct an excellent building and can activate forestry and the timber industry by effectively using surplus timber by expanding consumption of timber.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention installs an independent foundation made of concrete on a base formed by putting a chestnut into a hole in the ground and placing concrete on the hole, and is scattered on the ground. A base composed of a combination of two square members stacked on top and bottom so that the direction of the front and rear ends is reversed on a large number of the above-described independent foundations, with a moisture-proof member interposed between the independent foundations. Mounted and fastened in this state, built a corner column in the corner part on the foundation, and a wall panel formed using wooden squares in the position between the corner pillars on this foundation. A wall structure is constructed in which a total of three pillars that form the corner pillar and the wall panel are assembled, and a structure in which a roof assembly is assembled on the wall structure is adopted.

  Here, the wall panel is formed by stretching wooden squares for heat insulation inside the frame using pillars having the same cross section as the corner pillars on both sides, and finishing both sides flat. A wall panel is installed between the corner pillars on the base, and a pillar having the same cross section as that of the corner pillar is installed in the space between the corner pillars and between the pillars and between the pillars. Each wall panel can be constructed such that the wall members are joined to each other using corner pillars and inter-columns, and tenon and tenon grooves to finish the inner and outer surfaces of the wall structure into a flat surface.

  In addition, a heat insulating plate may be detachably stretched on the upper part between the concrete independent foundations arranged in a scattered manner.

  The base and corner pillars, the pillars, and the wall panel pillars are, for example, wooden squares of 100 mm x 100 mm, and the base is made of two squares up and down so that the direction of the main entrance and the end is reversed. By combining them together, it is possible to correct the difference in strength at both ends of a single square bar and to cancel the warping over time.

  In addition, the wall panels are fixed to both side pillars inside the frame using pillars, and vertical bars that are thinner than the pillars are fixed. The wall structure is formed by stretching and flattening the flat plate on both sides of the frame, and by flattening both sides, and by making the dimensions of the foundation, corner pillars, studs and wall panels constant. The inner and outer surfaces of the flat finish.

  The wall panel may have a structure in which both sides of the wall panel are flattened by directly stretching a wooden square for heat insulation inside a frame using a pillar material.

  According to the present invention, the independent foundation made of concrete is installed on the base of the ground, and the foundations are placed on the numerous independent foundations scattered on the ground with the moisture-proof members interposed therebetween. Fasten and assemble the wall structure and hut assembly on this foundation, so that the edge of the independent foundation and the wooden foundation can be cut with moisture-proof members so that moisture from the ground does not reach the foundation Thus, the foundation can be surely protected from moisture, and the occurrence of corrosion due to moisture in the wooden building can be suppressed to improve durability.

  In addition, since the above-mentioned foundation is combined with two square bars stacked on top and bottom so that the directions of the front end and the end are reversed, the difference in strength at both ends of a single square bar is corrected, and over time The occurrence of a typical warp can be offset, and the strength and durability of the base can be improved.

  In addition, corner columns on the foundation are built with corner columns and wall panels formed with wooden squares between the corner columns. Since the pillars of the book are assembled, it is possible to construct a building with excellent earthquake resistance by improving the strength of the corners.

  Furthermore, by making the cross-sectional diameter of the corner column and the thickness of the wall panel the same, the wall structure becomes flat on both sides, the interior and exterior construction is easy and beautifully finished. Since it is filled with squares for heat insulation, it is possible to construct a building with excellent heat insulation.

  In addition, because the independent foundations are scattered and arranged on the base provided on the ground, it can be easily removed, the cost for dismantling can be reduced, and the building can be constructed by using wooden squares. By increasing consumption, it is possible to activate the forestry and timber industries through the effective use of surplus timber.

  Place independent foundations made of concrete on a base formed by placing crushed stone into holes in the ground and then cast concrete on them, and on the many independent foundations scattered on the ground, Place and fasten the foundation with two square members stacked on top and bottom so that the end and the direction of the end are reversed. Wall panels formed using wooden squares are built in the positions between the columns, and a wall structure is constructed in which a total of three columns of the column members that form the corner columns and the wall panels are assembled at the corners.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below together with illustrated examples.

  FIG. 3 shows a basic structure, and a large number of bases 1 are constructed on the ground where a wooden building is to be constructed in an arrangement according to the planar shape of the building. This base 1 is constructed by putting chestnut stone 3 in the excavated hole 2 and placing crushing concrete 4 on the top thereof, and installing an independent foundation 5 made of concrete on each base 1.

  The above-mentioned concrete independent foundations 5 are formed in a truncated cone shape or a truncated pyramid shape with a large lower portion, and are installed on each base 1 so that they are arranged at predetermined intervals at positions that support the foundation of the building. The independent foundation 5 is connected to the base 1 by the crushed concrete 4.

  A moisture-proof material 6 such as a vinyl sheet is laid on the upper end surface of each independent foundation 5, and the foundation 7 is placed on the independent foundation 5 through the moisture-proof material 6 so as to have a frame shape in a plane.

  This base 7 has a structure in which two wooden square members 7a and 7b are stacked and combined so that the directions of the front and rear ends are reversed, and are embedded in the independent foundation 5 so as to protrude upward. The through-hole 9 is inserted into several anchor bolts 8 and fixed to the independent foundation 5 by tightening nuts 10 screwed into the anchor bolts 8.

  In this way, the base 7 corrects the difference in strength between the two ends of the wooden squares 7a and 7b when the two wooden squares 7a and 7b are stacked on top and bottom so that the directions of the front and rear ends are reversed. Further, there is an advantage that the warpage of the square bars 7a and 7b with time can be canceled out, the strength of the base 7 can be improved, and the occurrence of deformation can be prevented.

  As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 4, on the base 7, the corner column 11 on the base 7 has a corner column 11, a required number of columns 12 between the corner columns 11, and between the corner column 11 and the column 12. Each of the wall panels 13 is built between the studs 12, and the wall structure is constructed by placing and connecting the eaves 14 in which two wooden squares 14 a and 14 b are stacked on the upper and lower sides like the base 7. Is done.

  FIG. 5 shows a first example of the wall panel 13, in which a vertically long rectangular frame 17 is assembled using the vertical frame members 15 and the upper and lower frame members 16 on both sides, and the inner surface side of the vertical frame members 15 on both sides. A vertical beam 18 that is slightly smaller in diameter than the frame material 15 is fixed to the entire length, and a number of heat insulating squares 19 having the same cross-sectional diameter as the vertical beam 18 are sequentially stacked between the opposing vertical beams 18. The flat plate 20 having a thickness suitable for the concave portions is stretched in the concave portions generated on both surfaces of the heat insulating square member 19 in the frame body 17 so that both surfaces are finished flat.

  The wall panel 13 of the second example shown in FIG. 6 is formed by sequentially stacking a number of insulating squares 21 having a half cross-sectional diameter of the vertical frame member 15 from both sides in a frame 17 similar to the above. By arranging in a flat, both sides are finished flat.

  In any example, the wall panel 13 may be arranged so that the arrangement pattern of the insulating square members 19 and 21 is not only horizontal but also inclined.

  As described above, the wall panel 13 is formed by stretching the heat insulating wooden squares 19 or 21 inside the frame 17 using the frame members 15 and 16, and the base 7 and the corner pillars 11, For example, 100 mm × 100 mm wooden squares are used for the frame members 12, the eaves 14, and the frame members 15, 16 of the wall panel 13. By making the diameter and the thickness of the wall panel 13 constant, the inner and outer surfaces of the assembled wall structure are finished to a flat surface.

  FIG. 7 shows a structure for coupling the wall panels 13 to each other, and a groove 22 is provided along the length direction on the outer surface of the vertical frame member 15 of the wall panel 13 that overlaps with each other. It is made to couple | bond by inserting the square member 23 for use. Such a connecting method using the concave groove 22 and the connecting square member 23 is the connection between the wall panel 13 and the corner column 11 or the inter-column 12, and the connection between the vertical frame member 15 and the vertical beam member 18 in the assembly of the wall panel 13. It can also be adopted.

  In this way, by providing the vertical frame member 15, the corner post 11, the inter-column 12, and the vertical beam member 18 along the length direction, the square member forming them can be prevented from cracking.

  FIG. 8 shows a structure for connecting the wall panel 13 and the base 7 built on the base 7, and for connecting the wall panel 13 and the eaves 14. The wall panel 13, the base 11, and the eaves 14 are connected to each other. The tenon holes 24 are respectively provided at corresponding positions where the square bars to be formed are overlapped, and the tenon 25 is fitted into both the tenon holes 24 to be coupled.

  The wall wooden panel 8 of the third example shown in FIG. 9 is formed by stacking and bonding three collective plates 42 in which a plurality of single-plates 41 of the same length are arranged and bonded together so that the grain is sequentially crossed. The face plate 43 is fixed and has a side that fits between the vertical frame members 20 on both sides. The face plate 43 has a thickness similar to the width of the column. The groove 44 is provided around the four peripheral edges of the face plate 43. The connecting plate 45 is fitted and fixed so that a part of the connecting plate 45 protrudes outward, and the connecting plates on both sides are fitted into the concave grooves provided on the opposing surfaces of the both side vertical frame members 20, so that the required number of wooden boards for walls The panel 8 is dropped in order from the top, and the upper and lower wall wooden panels 8 form a wooden wall by inserting and connecting the connection plates 45 over the upper and lower concave grooves 44.

  In this way, when the three aggregate plates 42 are overlapped and fixed so that the grain is sequentially crossed, the wood's habits can be removed, so that the occurrence of warpage and the like can be prevented, and the end material is attached to the single plate 41. Since it can be used, it is advantageous in terms of cost.

  The peripheral ridges on both sides of the face plate 43 are inclined and arc-shaped chamfered, and the single plate 41 is connected to each other, the connection plate 45 is attached, and the connection plate 45 and the vertical frame member are fixed. Any means other than adhesion may be employed.

  The wall wooden panel 8 of the fourth example shown in FIG. 10 is obtained by forming the wall wooden panel 8 similar to that of the third example by a set of rectangular shaft short members. Concave grooves 47 are provided on both sides in the longitudinal direction and at both ends, and four rectangular shaft-like short members 46 having the same length are combined in a bowl shape so that the annual rings can be seen on both sides at the center. A square central square member 48 is incorporated, and the four rectangular shaft-like short members 46 are combined in a saddle shape on the outside of the combined rectangular-shaft short member 46 in the above-described manner. The rectangular short member 46 and the rectangular short member 46 and the central rectangular member 48 are connected to each other by a connection plate 49 fitted over the concave grooves 47, so that one side is a square that fits between the vertical frame members 20 on both sides. A face plate 50 having a thickness similar to the width of the pillar is left and left on the four peripheral edges of the face plate 50. The connecting plate 49 is fitted and fixed in the groove 47 so that a part of the connecting plate 49 protrudes outward, and the connecting plates 49 on both sides are fitted into the recessed grooves provided on the opposing surfaces of the both side vertical frame members 20, so that the required number of plates is obtained. The wall wooden panel 8 is dropped in order from the top, and the upper and lower wall wooden panels 8 form a wooden wall by inserting and connecting the connection plates 49 over the upper and lower concave grooves 47.

  In the wall wooden panel 8 of the fourth example as well, the peripheral ridges on both sides of the rectangular shaft-like short member 46 and the central square member 48 are inclined or arc-shaped chamfered, and the short-axis-like short chamfer. A means other than adhesion may be employed for mutual connection of the materials 46, attachment of the connection plate 49, and fixation of the connection plate 49 and the vertical frame member 20.

  FIG. 2 shows a hut with a palm structure provided on the wall structure, a shed is provided between the eaves 14, and the true 26, the change 27, the arrangement 28, etc. erected between the eaves 14 and the shed. A pair of both sides of the palm 29 is supported in an inclined shape having a slope that is descending from both sides of the straight 26, and a horizontal purlin 30 is fixed on the palm 29 at regular intervals. The rafters 31 are arranged, the field board 32 is laid on the rafters 31, the tile material is laid on the field board 32, and the space generated between the upper and lower purlins 30 and the space generated between the rafters 31 are respectively It has a structure in which a heat insulating function is added to the hut assembly by filling the square bars 33 for heat insulation.

  Next, construction of a wooden building by the construction method of the present invention will be described.

  A large number of bases 1 are constructed on the ground where a wooden building is to be constructed in a scattered arrangement according to the planar shape of the building, and a concrete independent foundation 5 is installed on the crushed concrete 4 of each base 1 By doing so, the independent foundations 5 are arranged in a scattered manner.

  A base 7 is planarly formed in a frame shape by stacking two square members 7a and 7b on the upper and lower sides of each independent foundation 5 with a moisture-proof material 6 on top and bottom so that the directions of the front and rear ends are reversed. The base 7 is fixed to the independent foundation 5 by tightening the anchor bolt 8 and the nut 10.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, on the base 7, there are corner pillars 11 at the corners of the base 7, a required number of pillars 12 at positions between the corner pillars 11, and a wall between the corner pillars 11 and the pillars 12. Each of the panels 13 is built, and a wall structure is constructed by placing and connecting the eaves 14 on top of these panels, and a hut assembly is assembled on the wall structure, so that a wooden building mainly composed of wooden squares can be constructed. The shaft assembly is completed.

  By partitioning the room and applying interior and exterior to such a shaft assembly, the construction of the wooden building is completed and the wall structure is flat on both sides, so the interior and exterior construction is simple and beautiful. In addition, the corner pillar 11 portion of the wall structure is a structure in which three wooden square members of the corner pillar 11 and the vertical frame member 15 of the wall panel 13 are assembled, and the building is excellent in earthquake resistance by improving the strength of the corner. Can be built.

  In addition, since the space of the wall structure and the hut assembly is filled with square bars 19, 21, 33 for heat insulation, it is possible to construct a building with excellent heat insulation, and the illustrated building is a one-story building. As shown, it is possible to construct a two-story or three-story building by extending the wall structure upward.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 11, when a thermal insulation plate 34 is detachably stretched close to the lower surface of the floor on the upper part between the concrete independent foundations 5 arranged in a scattered manner, in the winter season, The thermal insulation plate 34 is stretched to improve the thermal insulation of the floor and improve the indoor warming effect. In addition, in the summer, the floor is cooled by the outside air by removing it to cool the room. can do.

Partially cutaway front view showing the foundation and wall structure assembled using the construction method of this invention (A) is a front view showing a wall structure and a roof assembly assembled using the construction method of the present invention, and (B) is an enlarged longitudinal side view of the roof assembly. Partially cutaway front view of base structure and wall structure assembled using construction method of this invention Cross-sectional plan view showing the combination of wall structure corner columns and wall panels (A) is a partially cutaway front view showing a first example of a wall panel, and (B) is an enlarged cross-sectional plan view of the same. (A) is a partially cutaway front view showing a second example of a wall panel, and (B) is an enlarged cross-sectional plan view of the same. An enlarged cross-sectional plan view showing the wall panel connection structure Enlarged partially cutaway front view showing the base and wall panel connection structure (A) is a front view showing a third example of a wall panel, (B) is an exploded perspective view thereof, and (C) is a plan view thereof. (A) is a front view showing a fourth example of a wall panel, (B) is an exploded perspective view thereof, and (C) is a plan view thereof. The front view which shows the structure for the heat insulation given with respect to the floor of the wooden building assembled using the construction method of this invention

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Base 2 Hole 3 Kuriishi 4 Concrete 5 Independent foundation 6 Moisture-proof material 7 Base 8 Anchor bolt 9 Through-hole 10 Nut 11 Corner pillar 13 Wall panel 14 Wooden square material 15 Vertical frame material 16 Vertical frame material 17 Frame body 18 Vertical beam 19 Insulating square 20 Flat plate 21 Insulating square 22 Recessed groove 23 Coupling square 24 Hozo hole 25 Hozo 26 True 27 Sprinkle 28 Possession 29 Gap 30 Purlin 31 Rafter 32 Field plate 33 Insulating square

Claims (4)

  Place independent foundations made of concrete on a base formed by placing crushed stone into holes in the ground and then cast concrete on them, and on the many independent foundations scattered on the ground, Place the base with two square members stacked on top and bottom so that the direction of the end and the end are reversed, and place and fasten it with a moisture-proof member between it and the independent foundation. In addition, a corner pillar on the base and a wall panel formed with wood at the position between the corner pillars are respectively built, and a total of three pillar materials that form the corner pillar and the wall panel in the corner part The construction method of the wooden construction which constructs the wall structure which gathered up the pillars of this, and also assembles the roof set on this wall structure.   A wall panel formed by stretching wooden squares for heat insulation inside a frame that uses pillars having the same size as the corner pillars on both sides, and finishing both sides flat. The method for constructing a wooden building according to claim 1, wherein:   Between the corner pillars on the base, the pillars having the same size as the corner pillars are built at intervals where the wall panels fit, and the wall panels are built between the corner pillars and between the pillars and between the pillars. The construction method of the wooden building of Claim 1 or 2 which joins the column material for a panel using a corner column and a space | intermediate column using a ridge and a groove, and finishes the inner and outer surfaces of a wall structure into a flat surface.   The construction method of the wooden building in any one of the Claims 1 thru | or 3 which detachably stretched the board for heat insulation in the upper part between the concrete independent foundations arrange | positioned by the said dotted | dotted arrangement | positioning.

Images