JP4452629B2 - Buildings using steel and timber together and their construction methods - Google Patents

Description

  This invention uses steel and wood for the construction of the frame structure that becomes the wall of the building, and covers the outer surface of the steel material that becomes the framework with wood, thereby preventing corrosion of the steel material and improving durability. In addition, the present invention relates to a building using steel and wood in combination, and a method for constructing the same, which can secure a good living environment and can build a building excellent in fire resistance.

  Conventionally, general buildings in Japan include wooden buildings, reinforced concrete buildings, and steel framed buildings, but reinforced concrete and steel framed buildings are superior to wooden buildings in terms of earthquake resistance and fire resistance. Since building of a multi-story floor is easy, in recent years, many buildings such as ordinary houses have been built.

  Reinforced concrete structures are constructed by assembling a building frame with steel bars and covering the frame with concrete.In steel-framed building, a building frame is assembled with a steel structure and the frame is made of concrete. Built by covering.

  By the way, since clear river sand and gravel, which are useful as aggregates for making concrete, are difficult to collect quantitatively, in recent years, it has been forced to use sea sand and crushed stone.

  However, sea sand and crushed stone will contain salt even if they are washed and used, and this salt will corrode the reinforcing bars and steel structure materials, thereby reducing the durability of the building and shortening the service life. It has become.

  In addition, because concrete is hygroscopic, it does not only reduce the durability of the building by corroding the reinforcing bars and steel structures embedded in it with moisture, but it also causes cracks in the walls and pillars after construction. become.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to use steel for the framework of the frame structure and to cover the outer surface of the steel so as to be wrapped with wood, thereby preventing the occurrence of corrosion of the steel and wood due to moisture, and improving durability and fire resistance. The object is to provide a building using steel and wood that can provide an excellent building, and a construction method thereof.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention of claim 1 uses steel and wood to construct a frame structure in a building, and uses steel to prevent the steel material standing as a framework on the foundation from being exposed to the outside. The structure which covered and assembled the frame structure was employ | adopted.

  The invention of claim 2 uses steel and wood for the construction of the frame structure in the building, and uses the channel material for the corner column and the H-shaped steel for the intermediate column as the steel material standing as a framework on the foundation, Two channel members are erected in a right angle arrangement, and the inner corner surfaces of both channel members are covered with square members, and wooden wall panels are formed between the corner columns and the intermediate columns and between the intermediate columns. A wall is formed by fitting both sides into the groove of the wall, and a wooden plate is stretched on the inner and outer surfaces of the wall, so that the steel material standing as a framework is covered with wood so that it is not exposed to the outside. The structure which assembled the structure is adopted.

  The invention of claim 3 uses steel and wood for the construction of a frame structure in a building, and assembles a frame by standing steel on a foundation, and incorporating a wooden wall panel into this frame. The construction is such that the steel frame is covered with wood so that the steel material is not exposed to the outside by assembling the wooden plate on the inner and outer surfaces, and the frame structure is assembled.

Here, a steel frame is used as a pillar or a beam to assemble the framework of the frame structure by joining by bolting or welding, and the wood used to cover the outer surface of the steel material is, for example, 100 years old or older Use solid wood that has been cut down at the optimal time and dried to a thickness of 5cm or more.

  Such wood is less susceptible to dry cracking, warping, and distorting, and has a characteristic that it can sufficiently withstand fire resistance of 30 minutes if it is a solid material having a thickness of 5 cm or more.

  As described above, when the outer surface of the steel material is covered and wrapped with wood, the steel material is protected by moisture absorption so that moisture from the outside does not come into contact. It is possible to prevent the corrosion of steel and wood caused by moisture, and the durability of the building can be improved.

  According to this invention, the framework of the frame structure is assembled using steel, and the frame structure is assembled by covering the outer surface of the steel with wood, so that moisture from the outside contacts the steel due to the moisture absorption of the wood. Thus, the action of moisture on the steel material can be prevented with wood, and corrosion of the steel material and wood due to moisture can be prevented, and a long-life building having excellent durability can be constructed.

  In addition, because the outside of the steel material is covered with wood, it is possible to construct a building that has a heat insulation effect with wood and is excellent in heat retention and can secure a good living environment, and by using wood for parts other than steel, surplus Can increase the consumption of wood.

  Further, by using a thick solid material for the wood covering the outside of the steel material, such wood is difficult to burn, and thus a building with excellent fire resistance can be constructed.

    Embodiments of the present invention will be described below together with illustrated examples.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, in a building using both steel and wood, a frame structure 2 using both steel and wood is assembled on the foundation 1, and a Japanese-style cabin set 3 is mounted on the frame structure 2. Is built.

  The frame structure 2 includes a corner column 4 and an intermediate column 5 erected on the foundation 1, a large beam 6 extending between the corner column 4 and the intermediate column 5, a small beam 7 extending between the large beams 6, and a corner column. 4 and the intermediate pillar 5, and is formed by the wooden panel 8 for the wall which is erected in the intermediate pillar 5 questions.

  In the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 4, FIG. 3 shows the structure of the right-angled corner portion and the intermediate portion in the frame structure 2, and the corner pillar 4 erected on the foundation 1 is angled. It is formed by a combination of a material 9, two channel members 11 arranged at right angles on the outer two surfaces, and a set of wooden prisms 10 arranged so as to overlap two inner angle side surfaces of the angle material 9, The side part of the wooden panel 8 for walls fits in the groove 12 of the channel material 11 on both sides.

  The square prism 10 made of wood with respect to the angle member 9 has a square shape that fits exactly on one side of the angle member 9, and the wall wooden panel 8 is formed with a thickness similar to the groove width of the channel member 11.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the intermediate pillar 5 erected on the foundation 1 is formed by a combination of a wooden intermediate prism 13 and a channel member 14 arranged so as to overlap both sides of the intermediate prism 13. The intermediate prism 13 has a square shape whose one surface is exactly the same as the width of the channel member 14, and the side portion of the wall wooden panel 8 is fitted in the groove 12 of the both-side channel member 14 as described above.

  FIG. 4 shows a connecting structure of the corner column 4 and the large beam 6 and the small beam 7. The large beam 6 and the small beam 7 use the channel material 15 in the illustrated case, and the large beam 6 is the channel material 9 and the angle material of the corner column 4. Also, the upper end of the intermediate column 5 and the large beam 6 and the small beam 7 are also coupled by bolts and welding, and the large beam 6 and the small beam 7 are fitted with a wooden square 16 in the groove. The outer surface is covered with a plate material 17.

  In the frame structure 2, the inner wall plate 18 is stretched on the indoor side and the outer wall plate 19 is stretched on the outdoor side, so that the outer surface of the steel used for the frame of the frame structure 2 is wrapped. Can be covered.

  In the second embodiment shown in FIG. 9 to FIG. 13, the corner pillars 4 in the frame assembly 2 are overlapped with two channel members 11 arranged at right angles, and two inner angle side surfaces of both channel members 11. The side of the wall wooden panel 8 is fitted in the groove 12 of the channel material 11 on both sides.

  The square prism 10 made of wood with respect to the channel material 11 has a square shape whose one side just fits on one side of the channel material 11, and the wooden panel 8 for the wall is formed to have the same thickness as the groove width of the channel material 11. .

  As shown in FIG. 10, the intermediate column 5 erected on the foundation 1 is formed using H-shaped steel, and the side portions of the wall wooden panel 8 are formed in both side grooves 12 of the H-shaped steel in the same manner as described above. Are fitted.

  In the intermediate column 5, an intermediate column 5 d formed in a H-shaped section by a T-shaped material 5 a and a band plate 5 c fixed to the same with a screw 5 b and an intermediate column 5 e using H-shaped steel are adjacent to the corner column 4. The intermediate pillars 5d and 5e are alternately arranged so that the former intermediate pillar 5d is located at the position where the former is to be performed.

  The former intermediate column 5d is erected on the foundation 1 with the T-shaped member 5a, and the wall wooden panel 8 is slanted and one side edge is fitted into the groove 12 of the channel member 11, and then the other side. If the edge is accommodated in the inner corner portion of the T-shaped material 5a, and then the belt plate material 5c is fixed to the T-shaped material 5a with screws 5b, the panel 8 is incorporated between the corner column 4 and the intermediate column 5 and between the intermediate columns 5; As shown in FIG. 11, the panel 8 can be assembled easily by fitting from the front rather than dropping from above.

  FIG. 5 shows a first example of the wall wooden panel 8, in which a vertically long rectangular frame 22 is assembled using vertical frame members 20 and upper and lower frame members 21 on both sides, and the outside of both vertical frame members 20. The half part is formed in a narrow width part 20a that fits into the channel 11 or 14, and a vertical beam member 23 that is slightly smaller in diameter than the vertical frame member 20 is fixed to the entire inner surface of the vertical frame member 20 on both sides. Between the members 23, a large number of heat insulating square members 24 having the same cross-sectional diameter as the vertical beam members 23 are sequentially stacked in a horizontal state, and the recesses formed on both surfaces of the heat insulating square members 24 in the frame body 22 A flat plate 25 having a thickness suitable for the recess is stretched, and both surfaces are finished flat.

  A wall wooden panel 8 of the second example shown in FIG. 6 has a large number of insulating squares 26 having a half cross-sectional diameter of the vertical frame member 20 stacked in order from both sides in a frame 22 similar to the above. By arranging in a shape, both sides are flat.

In any example, the wall wooden panel 8 may be arranged not only horizontally but also in an inclined manner as shown in FIG.

  The wall wooden panel 8 of the third example shown in FIG. 7 is formed by stacking and bonding three collective plates 42 each having a plurality of single-plates 41 of the same length arranged and bonded so that the grain is sequentially crossed. The face plate 43 is fixed and has a side that fits between the vertical frame members 20 on both sides. The face plate 43 has a thickness similar to the width of the column. The groove 44 is provided around the four peripheral edges of the face plate 43. The connecting plate 45 is fitted and fixed so that a part of the connecting plate 45 protrudes outward, and the connecting plates on both sides are fitted into the concave grooves provided on the opposing surfaces of the both side vertical frame members 20, so that the required number of wooden boards for walls The panel 8 is dropped in order from the top, and the upper and lower wall wooden panels 8 form a wooden wall by fitting and connecting the connection plates 45 over the upper and lower concave grooves 44.

  In this way, when the three aggregate plates 42 are overlapped and fixed so that the grain is sequentially crossed, the wood's habits can be removed, so that the occurrence of warpage and the like can be prevented, and the end material is attached to the single plate 41. Since it can be used, it is advantageous in terms of cost.

  The peripheral ridges on both sides of the face plate 43 are inclined and arc-shaped chamfered, and the single plate 41 is connected to each other, the connection plate 45 is attached, and the connection plate 45 and the vertical frame member are fixed. Any means other than adhesion may be employed.

  The wall wooden panel 8 of the fourth example shown in FIG. 8 is obtained by forming the wall wooden panel 8 similar to that of the third example by a set of rectangular shaft short members. Concave grooves 47 are provided on both sides in the longitudinal direction and on both ends, and four rectangular shaft-like short members 48 having the same length are combined into a square shape so that annual rings can be seen on both sides at the center. The square central square member 48a is incorporated, and the four rectangular shaft-like short members 46 are combined in a bowl shape on the outside of the square-shaped short member 48 combined in the above-mentioned bowl shape, and this is sequentially repeated outward and adjacent. Each square shaft short member 46 and the square shaft short member 46 and the central square member 48a are connected to each other by a connecting plate 49 fitted over the concave grooves 47, so that one side fits into the vertical frame member 20 on both sides. The face plate 50 has the same thickness as the column width.

  The connecting plate 49 is fitted and surrounded in the recessed grooves 47 left on the four peripheral edges of the face plate 50 so that a part of the connecting plate 49 protrudes outward, and the connecting plates on both sides are inserted into the recessed grooves provided on the opposing surfaces of the both side vertical frame members 20. 49, the required number of wall wooden panels 8 are dropped in order from the top, and the upper and lower wall wooden panels 8 are connected to each other by fitting the connection plate 49 over the upper and lower concave grooves 47 and connecting them. It forms a wall.

  In the wall wooden panel 8 of the fourth example as well, the peripheral ridges on both sides of the rectangular shaft-like short member 46 and the central square member 48 are inclined or arc-shaped chamfered, and the short-axis-like short chamfer. For bonding the members 46 to each other, attaching the connection plate 49, and defining the connection plate 49 and the vertical frame member 20, means other than adhesion may be adopted.

  In the fifth example of the wall wooden panel 8 shown in FIG. 12 and FIG. 13, a plurality of grooves 52 are formed by providing concave grooves 52 on the upper and lower surfaces of the rectangular shaft-like short material 51 and stacking the rectangular shaft-like short materials 51 vertically. The bolts 53 are fastened together, and a connecting plate 54 is fitted between the concave grooves 52 of the vertical short shaft-shaped short member 51 for assembly.

  Such a wall wooden panel 8 uses bolts 53 to fasten the rectangular shaft-like short members 51, and is connected via anchor bolts 55 and nuts 56 embedded in the foundation 1 to increase the fixing strength on the foundation 1. Can be improved.

  In each embodiment as described above, the bolt 53 and the anchor bolt 55 are combined when the panel 8 is assembled. The anchor bolt 55 embedded in the foundation 1 is protruded by a predetermined length, and when the panel 8 is assembled, The lower part of the bolt insertion hole provided in the panel 8 is externally fitted to the protruding portion of the anchor bolt 55, and the bolt 53 and the anchor bolt 55 may be coupled with a nut in the middle of the panel 8, specifically, this coupling. In order to perform the work, the panel 8 is provided with a working recess that opens on one side of the connecting portion between the bolt 53 and the anchor bolt 55 and communicates with the bolt insertion hole. A nut is attached to the lower end facing the concave portion, and the upper end of the anchor bolt 55 and the bolt 53 projecting into the concave portion for work by incorporating the panel 8. Nuts so screwed over if turning operation, it is possible to combine the bolt 53 and anchor bolt 55 with a nut.

FIG. 2 shows a Japanese style hut assembly 3 with a palm structure provided on the frame structure 2, where 27 ledges are provided with shed beams, and the straight 27 or the standing 29 erected on the ledge 27 and the shed beams. A pair of both sides of the palm 31 is supported by the grip 30 or the like so as to be inclined with a slope downward from the straight 28, and a horizontal purlin 32 is fixed on the palm 31 at regular intervals. An inclined rafter 33 is arranged, a field board 34 is laid on the rafter 33, a tile material is laid on the field board 34, and a space formed between the upper and lower purlins 32 and the rafter 33 are generated. Each of the spaces is filled by arranging square bars 35 for heat insulation, and a structure in which a heat insulating function is added to the cabin set 3 is formed.

  Here, by covering the outer surface of the steel structure material with wood, the steel structure material can be effectively protected from moisture just like the relationship between the sword and the sheath that houses it, and the antirust effect has been obtained for many years. It is possible to greatly improve the durability of the steel structure material that forms the framework of the building, and for winter timber used to cover the outer surface of the steel structure material, for example, the optimal time at the age of 100 years or more Use solid wood that has been cut down and dried to a thickness of 5 cm or more.

  As can be seen from the fact that old wooden structures in Japan exist, such timber has excellent durability, is less likely to cause dry cracking, warping, and madness, and is solid wood with a thickness of 5 cm or more. When it is, there exists a characteristic which can fully endure the fire test of 30 minutes.

  Next, a building construction method according to the present invention will be described.

  A foundation 1 that matches the planar shape of the building is constructed on the ground to be built, and the corner pillar 4 and the corner pillar 4 are positioned on the foundation 1 as shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 4. The required number of intermediate pillars 5 and various wooden wall panels 8 illustrated between the corner pillars 4 and the intermediate pillars 5 are respectively built, and the large beams 6 and the small beams 7 are passed over the upper parts, and the large beams 6 and the small beams 7 is covered with a wooden square 16 and a plate 17, and an inner wall plate 18 is stretched on the indoor side of the wall surface, and an outer wall plate 19 is stretched on the outdoor side, so that the outer surface of the steel material used for the configuration is made of wood. By building the frame structure 2 by covering the frame structure 2 and assembling the hut group 3 on the frame structure 2, a building using both steel and wood is completed.

  For such a braided structure 2, the interior of the building is partitioned and the interior and exterior are applied, so that the construction of the building is completed, and the framed structure 2 that is the wall structure is flat on both sides. The construction of the interior and exterior is simple and beautifully finished, and the corner pillar 4 portion of the frame structure 2 is formed by a combination of the angle 9 and the channel 11 and the wooden prism 10, especially by improving the strength of the corner. Buildings with excellent durability can be constructed.

  In addition, since the space of the shaft assembly 2 and the cabin assembly 3 is filled with the square members 24 and 35 for heat insulation, it is possible to construct a building having excellent heat insulation properties, and in the shaft assembly 2 The wall wooden panel 8 may be provided with openings to form windows and doorways, and the building shown is a one-story building, but the basement construction and wall structure are extended upwards. It is possible to construct a two-story or three-story building.

Partially cutaway front view of a first embodiment showing a frame structure of a building using both steel and wood (A) is a front view showing a shaft assembly and a roof assembly, (B) is an enlarged vertical side view of the roof assembly. Cross-sectional plan view showing the structure of the right-angled corner part and the middle part in the frame structure Longitudinal side view showing the structure of corner pillars and large and small beams (A) is a partially cutaway front view showing a first example of a wall panel, and (B) is an enlarged cross-sectional plan view of the same. (A) is a front view showing a second example of a wall panel, (B) is an enlarged cross-sectional plan view of the same. (A) is a partially cutaway front view showing a third example of a wall panel, (B) is an exploded perspective view thereof, and (C) is a plan view thereof. (A) is a front view showing a fourth example of a wall panel, (B) is an exploded perspective view thereof, and (C) is a plan view thereof. Partially cutaway front view of a second embodiment showing a frame structure of a building using both steel and wood Longitudinal plan view showing the structure of corner pillars and large and small beams (A) is a cross-sectional plan view showing the incorporation of the wall panel between the corner column and the intermediate column. (B) is an enlarged cross-sectional plan view of the intermediate column. (A) is a partially cutaway front view showing a fifth example of a wall panel, and (B) is an enlarged vertical side view of the same. Exploded perspective view showing structure of wall panel of fifth example

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Foundation 2 Frame structure 3 Hut group 4 Corner pillar 5 Intermediate pillar 6 Large beam 7 Small beam 8 Wooden panel 9 Angle material 10 Square pillar 11 Channel material 12 Groove 13 Intermediate square pillar 14 Channel material 15 Channel material 16 Wooden square material 17 Plate material 20 Vertical Frame material 21 Upper and lower frame material 22 Frame body 23 Vertical beam member 24 Insulation square member 25 Flat plate 26 Square member 27 Eaves 28 True or 29 Spiral 30 Reposition 31 Joint palm 32 Purlin 33 Rafter 34 Field plate 35 Square member 41 Single plate 42 Collecting plate 43 Face plate 44 Concave groove 45 Connection plate 46 Square shaft short material 47 Concave groove 48 Square shaft short material 49 Connection plate 50 Face plate 51 Square shaft short material 52 Concave groove 53 Bolt 54 Connection plate 55 Anchor bolt 56 Nut

Claims (2)

Steel and wood are used to construct the frame structure in the building, and channel material and H-shaped steel are used for the corner column as the steel material standing on the foundation as a framework, and the corner column is perpendicular to the two channel materials. It is formed by covering the inner corner surfaces of both channel materials with square wood, and fitting wooden wall panels between the corner pillars and the intermediate pillars and between the middle pillars on both sides of the steel groove A steel wall is formed by assembling a frame structure by covering the steel material standing up as a frame with wood so that it is not exposed to the outside, by forming a peripheral wall by incorporating it in, and stretching wooden plates on the inner and outer surfaces of this peripheral wall In buildings that use wood together,
The H-shaped steel consists of a T-shaped material and a strip material. The T-shaped material is erected on the foundation, the side edges of the wall panel are accommodated in the inner corners of the T-shaped material, and then the strip material is fixed to the T-shaped material. This is a building that uses both steel and wood, characterized in that the wooden panels can be installed between the columns from the front . To construct the frame structure in the building , the channel material, which is a steel material, and H-shaped steel and wood are used. On the foundation , the H-shaped steel T-shaped material is erected with the channel material as the corner column and the frame is assembled. The wooden wall panel is incorporated into the frame from the front side by placing the side edge of the frame in the inner corner portion of the T-shaped material, and then fixing the band plate material to the T-shaped material, and the inner and outer surfaces of the peripheral wall formed by this incorporation. A construction method of a building using both steel and wood, in which a wooden board is stretched and covered with wood so that the steel is not exposed to the outside and the frame structure is assembled.

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