JP2005013100A - Method for producing grafted seedling - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing grafted seedlings solving the problem that, conventionally, the stretch of roots is poor, therefore a plenty of weak seedlings poor in growth thereafter are raised. <P>SOLUTION: This method comprises the following practice: A plurality of grafted seedlings each with a scion grafted to a stock are set on a misting tool and placed in an artificial mist space or a natural mist space using a thermal-insulating and moisture-retaining film in such a condition as to be in bare roots or that the roots are sprinkled with a small amount of soil to the extent that the roots contact with air, and the mist space is brought to a mist condition of temperature, moisture and illuminance so that the root-taking at each of the joints between the stock and the scion and the rooting are promoted but the grafted seedling are not grown, the mist condition is kept for several days, thus producing the rooted grafted seedlings with the joints root-taken. One or several of the grafted seedlings together is(are) set on an acclimatizing tool provided with a water-holding material, the resultant tool is placed in an artificially acclimatizing space or a naturally acclimatizing space using an air-permeable, hygroscopic and moisture-permeable film, and the grafted seedlings are exposed to sunlight for several days to acclimatize them. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing grafted seedlings of a plant, which is a method that promotes the survival and rooting of the jointed portion of the grafted seedling in the mist space, and further allows the grafted seedling to be acclimatized.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Currently, there are two methods for producing grafted seedlings: a rooted grafting method that joins rooted rootstock and hogi, and a rooted grafting method that joins rooted rootstock and hogi. The root grafting method is widespread from the viewpoint of ease. In the root grafting method, the grafted seedlings are inserted into the cultivated soil one by one, placed in a mist room where the temperature, humidity, etc. can be adjusted, and placed in an environment of high temperature and high humidity (mist state) for 8 to 10 days. It promotes the rooting and early rooting of rootstock and hogi joints. The seedlings that have been settled and rooted are planted one by one in a pot and shipped.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The conventional root grafting method has the following problems.
(1) In the case of the root grafting method, rooting from the cut part of the rootstock hypocotyl is good, but the root group after planting in the field has many fine roots and no thick roots, so the tension of the root group becomes shallow, Absorbability of fertilizer components is inferior, seedlings tend to be soft, and a large amount of fertilizer is required. Also, the subsequent growth of the seedlings is not surprising.
(2) Since the caverns in the hypocotyls, the callus formation of the cut part, and the initial rooting are likely to be delayed, the period of placing in the mist state after grafting is increased to 8-10 days. They often become seedlings and cause diseases.
(3) In order to secure the mist state, a large-scale facility such as a mist chamber is required, the cost of introducing the facility is high, and the introduction is difficult.
(4) Since the seedlings are put in the pot one by one in order to establish and root the grafted seedlings, the work is troublesome and the production efficiency of the seedlings is poor. When the number of grafted seedlings increases, a large space is required to arrange the pots.
(5) Since the entire pot is shipped, space is taken for transportation, transportation efficiency is poor, and transportation cost per seedling increases.
[0004]
Conventional rooted grafting methods have the following problems.
(1) Although the roots are attached, the growth is faster than the root grafting method, but the soil is attached to the roots, so that the clothes are easily soiled during the grafting work and the workplace is easily soiled by the soil.
(2) Since the grafted seedlings are planted in the culture soil to be rooted and rooted, the amount of rooting is small and the seedlings tend to be soft. Also, the subsequent seedling growth is not surprising.
(3) There was a problem similar to the problems described in (2) to (5) in the problem of the conventional root grafting method.
[0005]
Neither the rooted grafting method nor the rooted grafting method requires a dedicated mist room, so it has been difficult for farmers without a mist room to graft using the conventional method.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the grafted seedling production method according to claim 1 of the present application, a plurality of grafted seedlings obtained by grafting a hotwood on a rooted rootstock are set together in a mist tool such as a pot or a tray, and the grafted seedling set in the mist tool is bare. Installed in the mist space with a small amount of soil that touches the air with the roots in contact with the air, and promotes rooting by promoting the survival of the joints of rootstock and hogi in the mist space The temperature, humidity and illuminance mist state that does not let the grafted seedlings grow, kept the mist state for several days, activated the joint part, increased the rooting amount by supplying oxygen to the rooting tissue part, It is a method to produce grafted seedlings that are healthy and grow well.
[0007]
The grafted seedling production method according to claim 2 of the present application is the grafted seedling production method according to claim 1, wherein the mist space is an artificial mist space in which a mist state can be artificially created, or a grafted seedling set in a mist tool. The upper part of the heat insulation floor where the mist equipment is installed is covered with a heat-retaining and hygroscopic inner film, and a space is formed between the outer film and the outer film to form a tunnel with the heat-retaining and hygroscopic outer film. This is a natural mist space in which the mist state is created by the natural environment such as moisture evaporating from the thermal insulation floor and solar heat outside the tunnel, and grafted seedlings set in mist tools are installed in these mist spaces. This is a method for producing rooted grafted seedlings where the joints have taken root.
[0008]
The grafted seedling production method according to claim 3 of the present application sets one or several grafted seedlings produced by the grafted seedling production method according to claim 1 or claim 2 to a habituation tool provided with a moisturizing material. In this method, a habituation tool in which grafted seedlings are set is placed in the conditioned space, and the grafted seedlings are exposed to sunlight for several days so that the grafted seedlings can be adapted to the growing environment after transplanting.
[0009]
The grafted seedling production method according to claim 4 of the present application is the grafted seedling production method according to claim 3, wherein the habituation space can be artificially created by an environment suitable for habituation, or a habituation tool. This is a natural habituation space in which an environment suitable for habituation is created by covering the set nursery bed with a breathable, hygroscopic, moisture permeable film so that it can be conditioned. It is a method of producing grafted seedlings that can be adapted to the environment.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(Embodiment 1)
An example of the embodiment of the grafted seedling production method of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. The grafting seedling raising method of the present invention can produce grafting seedlings of various departments such as solanaceous and cucurbitaceae. The numerical value shown below is an example, and is not necessarily limited to this numerical value.
[0011]
(Preparation for grafting)
1. A seedling for rootstock as shown in FIG. 1 (b) and a seedling for hogi as shown in FIG. 1 (a) are grown. In this case, in order to grow a seedling for rootstock and a seedling for panicle that are strong and difficult to wither, it is desirable to sow using a container that can easily control the growth of root groups and a disease-free culture medium.
2. These seedlings are sufficiently exposed to sunlight, and the seedling management is carried out so that they grow sufficiently as rootstocks and spikelets while adjusting the seedling temperature.
[0012]
(Preparation of rootstock, hogi and grafting seedlings)
1. A seedling for rootstock is extracted from the cultivated soil, and the cultivated soil adhering to the root group is removed together with the fine roots as shown in FIG. 1 (b), leaving the main and primary roots of the root group. The seedling 2 for hogi shown in FIG. For example, yugao can be used for the seedling 1 for rootstock, and watermelon can be used for the seedling 2 for hogi. The kind of seedling is arbitrary and is not limited to these.
2. The growth point 3 of the seedling 1 for rootstock shown in FIG. 1 (b) is removed to obtain a seedling 1 for rootstock that leaves the cotyledons 4 as shown in FIG. 1 (d). A rooted rootstock 8 is prepared by inserting a grafting bar 40 diagonally from the front side of the cotyledon 4 into the hypocotyl 5 of the seedling 1 for the rootstock and opening the scrub hole 6. The hogi insertion hole 6 may penetrate the hypocotyl 5.
3. As shown in FIG. 1 (c), the hypocotyl 9 of the seedling 2 for hogi is cut obliquely to prepare the hogi 10.
4). As shown in FIG. 1 (e), the graft 10 with roots as shown in FIG. 1 (f) is inserted with the cuttings 10 facing the cutting surface 11 down into the insertion holes 6 of the rootstock 8 up to the lower cotyledons. Let it be seedling 12.
[0013]
(Creation and rooting within the mist environment)
1. As shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of the rooted grafted seedlings 12 are put together (about 10 bundles) and placed in a seedling pot (mist tool) 14 on a tray 13. In this case, a moisturizing material 15 having excellent moisturizing properties such as soil, sphagnum, vermiculite, etc. is placed in the bottom of the mist tool 14, a vertical hole 16 is made in the moisturizing material 15, and the grafted seedling 12 is rooted therein. 17 is put down and the stem is set so as to lean against the peripheral wall of the mist tool 14. In this case, the roots 17 are left bare (bare roots) so as to be exposed to the air, or a little soil is covered so that the roots 17 are exposed to the outside and are exposed to the air. Although it is suitable to use an existing seedling pot made of soft soft resin for the mist tool 14, any container such as a plug tray or a cultivation bed can also be used. The moisturizing material 15 is for preventing drying of the roots, and is not limited to the above as long as it has water absorption and moisturizing properties, and may be urethane or the like. The moisturizing material 15 is sufficiently moistened with water.
2. As described above, the tray 13 on which the mist tool 14 in which the grafted seedlings 12 are set is arranged on the heat insulating floor 19. The heat insulation floor 19 is, for example, one in which a heater wire is stretched in the soil and a vinyl sheet for heat insulation is hung thereon, or a pipe for circulating hot water in the soil is piped. Anything can be used as long as the temperature can be kept at a moderate temperature.
3. An inner film 22 having heat retaining properties, moisture retaining properties and air permeability is placed over the grafted seedlings 12 installed together with the tray 13 on the heat retaining floor 19 to form a mist space 23 on the inner side. The heat retaining property is a property of keeping the inside of the mist space 23 covered with the inner film 22, the moisture retaining property is a property of keeping the inside of the mist space 23 moist, and the air permeability is through the air inside the mist space 23 to the outside. This is a characteristic that allows air to pass through the mist space. For the inner film 22 having such characteristics, for example, “Danglow”, trade name of Mikado Breeding Farm Co., Ltd. is suitable.
4). A tunnel 25 is formed by opening a space outside the inner film 22 and covering the outer film 24. For the outer film 24, a film having a property capable of collecting natural light in the tunnel 25 and a film having heat retaining properties are used. In the cold season, the temperature in the tunnel 25 and the mist space 23 may be increased by doubling the outer film 24 according to the outside air temperature, or by further applying a heat insulating mat from the outer film 24. it can.
5. The inside of the mist space 23 is made into a mist state (high-temperature and high-humidity mist), and the joining portion 21 (FIG. 1 (f)) between the rootstock 8 and the hogi 10 is activated to promote the rooting of fine roots. Engraftment has a broad meaning including callus fusion of the joint portion 21 of the grafted seedling 12 and redifferentiation of the conductive tissue.
6). In order to make the mist state, the temperature in the mist space 23 is increased (25 to 30 degrees) by the heat of the heat insulating floor 19 and the heat of sunlight collected in the tunnel 25, so The moisturizing material 15 is warmed and water vapor is emitted from the moisturizing material 15. The generated water vapor is moisturized by the inner film 22 having moisture retention and fills the mist space 23, and the mist space 23 is in a mist state. The humidity in the mist space 23 is preferably 90 to 100%. This mist state is a natural mist space created using the natural environment. The grafted seedlings 12 in the mist space 23 are exposed to natural light during the day. When the inside of the mist space 23 can be maintained at the above temperature by collecting natural light, it is not necessary to heat the heat insulating floor 19.
7. When the grafted seedlings 12 are placed in the above-mentioned warm mist state for 3 to 5 days, the junction between the rootstock 1 and the hogi 2 is established, and a large number of new roots are rooted from the main root and the primary root.
8). The grafted seedlings that have been settled and rooted in the mist space 23 (lived and rooted grafted seedlings) can be packed in a shipping container (such as a cardboard box) before shipping. You can also. The acclimatization can be performed as follows.
[0014]
(Acclimation)
The grafted seedlings that have been established and rooted in the mist space 23 (activated and rooted grafted seedlings) are habituated in the conditioned space 38 shown in FIG.
1. As shown in FIG. 3, a moisturizing material 33 is placed in a seedling pot (acclimation container) 32 arranged on the tray 31, and water is sprayed on the moisturizing material 33 to sufficiently moisten the moisturizing material 33. The acclimatization container 32 of FIG. 3 is similar to the seedling pot, but can be a plug tray or other shaped pot.
2. The above-mentioned rooted and rooted grafted seedlings 34 are planted one by one on the moisturizing material 33 in the acclimatization container 32.
3. The tray 31 is installed on the heat insulating floor 35. The heat insulating floor 35 is provided with a heater or a hot water pipe in the same manner as the heat insulating floor 19 of FIG. 2 and can maintain the ground surface at a warm temperature of about 25 to 30 degrees.
4). A support column 36 is formed in an arc shape on the outer periphery of the acclimation container 32, and a tunnel is formed by stretching a film 37 having air permeability, moisture absorption, and moisture permeability on the outer periphery of the support column 36. The rooted and rooted grafted seedling 34 is accommodated. In order to allow natural light to be supplied to the planted and rooted grafted seedlings 34 accommodated in the acclimation space 38, the film 37 is capable of collecting natural light, that is, has light transmittance. For the film 37 having the above-mentioned characteristics, a trade name “Tough Tsuki” manufactured by Mikado Breeding Farm Co., Ltd. or the same type of sheet from other companies is suitable. “Tough Tsuki” has a net 39 as shown in FIG. 4 so that internal hot air can be dissipated from it, preventing high-temperature obstacles and saving labor in ventilation work. . Further, since it has hygroscopicity and moisture permeability, it can absorb moisture in the conditioned space 38 and transmit it to the outside to prevent excessive moisture in the conditioned space 38.
5. If the inside of the conditioned space 38 is kept at 25 to 30 degrees, the moisture retaining material 33 in the habituation tool 32 is warmed and water vapor is emitted from the moisture retaining material 33, but excessive moisture is absorbed by the film 37 having hygroscopicity and moisture permeability. Then, since it is discharged to the outside through the film 37, excessive moisture in the tunnel is prevented. 60-70% is suitable for the humidity in the tunnel. Further, for habituation, natural light is applied to the grafted seedling 7 in the tunnel during the day. If the conditioned space 38 can be kept at the above temperature by daylighting natural light during the day, the warming floor 35 can be left unheated. In the cold season, the inside of the conditioned space 38 can be maintained at the above temperature by doubling the film 37 or putting a heat insulating mat on the film 37.
6). When the rooted and rooted grafted seedlings 34 are placed in the habituation environment in the acclimation space for 2 to 3 days, the grafted seedlings 34 are acclimatized and many strong secondary roots are rooted. It becomes a healthy seedling.
7. As the moisturizing material 33 in the habituation tool 32, a material having water absorption and moisturizing properties such as culture soil, urethane, sphagnum, and vermiculite is suitable. If the roots of the grafted seedling 34 can be sufficiently moisturized without planting the roots of the grafted seedling 34 in the moisturizing material 33, the grafted seedling 34 has a hole in the moisturizing material 33 in the habituation tool 32 as shown in FIG. It is also possible to acclimate by putting the grafted seedlings 34 in the holes and standing so that the roots are sufficiently exposed to the air. Even when soil is applied to the roots, the amount of the moisturizing material 33 can be reduced so that the roots are exposed to the outside from the moisturizing material 33, and the roots 8 can be conditioned so as to come into contact with the air.
[0015]
(After habituation completion)
Acclimatized grafted seedlings 34 are removed from the moisturizing material 33 of the habituation tool 32 and the root soil is removed, and then placed in a moisturized state such as by placing a moisturizing material inside and packed and shipped. be able to.
[0016]
(Embodiment 2)
Another embodiment of the method for producing grafted seedlings of the present invention will be described below. The basic configuration of the grafted seedling production method of this embodiment is the same as the grafted seedling production method of the first embodiment, but differs from the first embodiment in that a mist environment is created using a film as shown in FIG. Rather, it is to use a mist device that can artificially create a mist environment. A factory of a company that produces grafted seedlings is usually equipped with this kind of mist device. In this embodiment, grafted seedlings are placed in the mist chamber of the mist device to promote the survival and rooting of the joints of the grafted seedlings.
[0017]
The basic structure of the acclimation method of this embodiment is common to the grafted seedling production method of the first embodiment, but the difference from the first embodiment is not to create a habituation environment using a film as shown in FIG. The creation of a habituation environment using a population habituation device and the provision of habituation within that environment.
[0018]
【The invention's effect】
The first plant graft raising method of the present application has the following effects.
(1) Since grafting is carried out using rooted rootstocks, after planting grafted seedlings in the field, roots can be rooted deeper in the soil than in the case of the conventional root grafting method. Therefore, the growth of the seedlings is better than that of the conventional root grafting method, and the yield of the crop is also good. In addition, it absorbs fertilizer components well and reduces the amount of fertilizer applied, contributing to cost reduction.
(2) Not only is the survival of the joints of grafted seedlings promoted, but the roots of the grafted seedlings also come in contact with warm and humid air, so the rooting amount is significantly higher than with conventional rooted grafting methods. As described above, the seedlings are generally well-rooted, healthy and strong, and the subsequent seedling growth and crop yield are also improved. Moreover, there is no need to bury the grafted seedlings placed on the moisturizing floor one by one in the soil, and the work can be simplified.
(3) Since a plurality of grafted seedlings are collectively set in a mist device, a large space is not required for survival and rooting, so more grafted seedlings can be established and rooted at the same time. The production efficiency is improved.
(4) Since the joint part is alive without bare soil, and the rooted grafted seedling can be produced in a bare root state, at this stage, the root part of the finished grafted seedling is moisturized, It can also be shipped in a shipping container (for example, polystyrene foam is used in winter and cardboard boxes are used in summer). In that case, since the seedlings are not put into the pot one by one, the number of seedlings per box is greatly increased, and the transportation cost can be greatly reduced.
(5) In the case of a fruit and vegetable cultivation farmer, purchasing a grafted seedling produced by the grafted seedling production method of the present invention and potting it will produce healthy seedlings with a high rooting amount. Contributes to the decline.
(6) Since it is possible to establish and root without using soil, it is possible to reduce the cost of culture soil necessary for grafting seedling growth.
[0019]
In addition to the above effects, the second plant grafting method of the present application has the following effects.
(1) The artificial mist space where the mist space can artificially create a mist state, or the upper part of the heat insulation floor where the grafted seedlings set in the mist tool are installed together with the mist tool are covered with a heat-retaining and hygroscopic inner film. In addition, a space is formed between the inner film and the outer film to form a tunnel with a heat-retaining and moisture-absorbing outer film, so that it is mist due to the natural environment such as moisture evaporating from the heat insulating floor and solar heat outside the tunnel. Therefore, even a farmer without a dedicated mist room can easily graft a seedling. It also contributes to reducing the production cost of grafted seedlings.
(2) Even when grafted seedlings are placed in a mist chamber with adjustable temperature and humidity, a plurality of grafted seedlings are placed on the moisturizing floor as described above, so more grafts using the same mist chamber Seedlings can be made and grafted seedlings can be produced in large quantities.
[0020]
The third plant grafting and seedling raising method of the present application has the following effects in addition to the above effects.
(1) Place one or several of the grafted seedlings in a habituation tool equipped with a water retention material, place the habituation tool with grafted seedlings in the habituation space, and apply sunlight to the grafted seedlings for several days. Because the grafted seedlings are acclimated, healthy seedlings resistant to the open air can be made. Moreover, since strong seedlings are grown, it is not necessary to ship the whole soil, so that the number of seedlings per box can be increased and the transportation cost can be reduced.
[0021]
In addition to the above effects, the fourth plant grafting method of the present application has the following effects.
(1) An environment suitable for acclimatization by covering the artificial acclimatization space that can be artificially created by the acclimatization space, or by covering the nursery bed set with the acclimatization equipment with a film having air permeability, moisture absorption, and moisture permeability. It is a natural acclimatization space created by the natural environment, and it is acclimatized in the acclimatization space, so that even a farmer without a dedicated acclimatization room can easily graft a seedling. It also contributes to reducing the production cost of grafted seedlings.
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 (a) to (f) show, in stages, the state of a grafting stage which is a part of the plant grafting method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional explanatory view of equipment used in a planting / rooting stage which is a part of the plant grafting method of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional explanatory view of the equipment used in the habituation stage which is a part of the plant grafting method of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing an example of a film (“Tough Tsuki”) used for carrying out the method for grafting seedlings of plants of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
8 rootstock 10 hogi 12 grafted seedling 14 mist tool 15 moisturizing material 17 root 19 heat insulating floor 22 inner film 23 mist space 32 acclimation container 33 moisturizing material 35 heat insulating floor 37 film 38 acclimation space

Claims (4)

Put together a number of grafted seedlings with a rooted rootstock grafted with a hogi, and set them in a mist tool such as a pot or tray. A mist with temperature, humidity and illuminance that promotes rooting and promotes rooting in the mist space and prevents the grafted seedling from growing. The grafted seedling production method is characterized in that the mist state is maintained for several days to produce rooted grafted seedlings where the joint portion is alive. The grafted seedling production method according to claim 1, wherein the mist space is capable of artificially creating a mist state, or an insulating mist space, or a warming floor above the heat retaining floor where the grafted seedlings set in the mist tool are installed together with the mist tool, Moisture that evaporates from the heat insulating floor by covering the outer film with a hygroscopic inner film and forming a tunnel with the outer film having heat insulating and hygroscopic properties by leaving a space between the outer film and the outer film. It is a natural mist space in which the mist state is created by the natural environment such as solar heat, and in the mist space, grafted seedlings set in mist tools are installed, and the grafted seedlings that have rooted and have rooted are joined. Graft seedling production method characterized by producing. A grafted seedling is produced by the grafted seedling production method according to claim 1 or 2, and one or several of the grafted seedlings are collected and set in a habituation tool provided with a moisturizing material. A method for producing grafted seedlings, characterized in that the grafted seedlings are placed in an acclimation space, and the grafted seedlings are exposed to sunlight for several days to acclimate the grafted seedlings. The grafted seedling production method according to claim 3, wherein the acclimatization space can be artificially created, or the upper part of the nursery bed on which the acclimatization tool is set is covered with a film having air permeability, moisture absorption, and moisture permeability. A natural habituation space in which an environment suitable for habituation is created by the natural environment, and a grafted seedling production method characterized by habituation in the habituation space.

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