JP2005001235A - Angle selecting reflecting skin material and vehicle using it - Google Patents

Angle selecting reflecting skin material and vehicle using it Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2005001235A
JP2005001235A JP2003167016A JP2003167016A JP2005001235A JP 2005001235 A JP2005001235 A JP 2005001235A JP 2003167016 A JP2003167016 A JP 2003167016A JP 2003167016 A JP2003167016 A JP 2003167016A JP 2005001235 A JP2005001235 A JP 2005001235A
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Prior art keywords
angle
light
skin material
reflective
selective
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JP2003167016A
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JP4211502B2 (en
Inventor
Hiroaki Harada
宏昭 原田
Hiroaki Miura
宏明 三浦
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2003167016A priority Critical patent/JP4211502B2/en
Priority to US10/853,755 priority patent/US7252397B2/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R5/00Compartments within vehicle body primarily intended or sufficiently spacious for trunks, suit-cases, or the like
    • B60R5/04Compartments within vehicle body primarily intended or sufficiently spacious for trunks, suit-cases, or the like arranged at rear of vehicle
    • B60R5/044Compartments within vehicle body primarily intended or sufficiently spacious for trunks, suit-cases, or the like arranged at rear of vehicle luggage covering means, e.g. parcel shelves
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/08Mirrors
    • G02B5/09Multifaceted or polygonal mirrors, e.g. polygonal scanning mirrors; Fresnel mirrors
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/12Reflex reflectors
    • G02B5/136Reflex reflectors plural reflecting elements forming part of a unitary body
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/20Filters
    • G02B5/208Filters for use with infrared or ultraviolet radiation, e.g. for separating visible light from infrared and/or ultraviolet radiation

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Vehicle Step Arrangements And Article Storage (AREA)
  • Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
  • Steering Controls (AREA)
  • Instrument Panels (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an angle selecting reflecting skin material for reflecting solar radiation energy including visible light effectively and enhancing visible light reflectivity for the purpose of suppressing the rise in the surface temperature of an interior material caused by direct rays or solar radiation through glass to solve the adverse effect on the visual field of a crew due to the regular reflection light of solar radiation or the projection of the skin on the window, and a vehicle using it. <P>SOLUTION: The angle selecting reflecting skin material is constituted by laminating a reflecting layer on a sheet having angular permselectivity and adapted to at least one article selected from the instrument panel, a door trim, a rear parcel shelf, a pillar garnish and a handle of the vehicle. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は内装表皮材及びそれを用いた車両に関し、特に炎天下における車室内の温度環境改善に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
炎天下において、駐車中の自動車の室内が非常な高温になることは周知である。日本国内において夏場の車両内温度測定によれば、炎天下駐車した場合の車両室内温度は約70℃にも達し、内装材においては、インスツルメントパネル上面で100℃前後、天井、シート表面で70℃前後もの高温に達することが報告されている。こうした状況で乗車した際の不快感は言うまでもなく、また内装材から長時間に渡り放射熱が発生すること、シート表面に蓄熱されることで乗員がシートから熱伝導によって熱気を受け取ることで不快になるとともに、換気あるいは冷房では室温や内装材温度は容易に下がらないため、冷房による過剰なエネルギー消費も問題となる。
【0003】
従来このような炎天下駐車の問題点に関し、内装材表面の過熱を防止する目的では、例えば特許文献1、2に記載の内装材表皮に遠赤外線反射顔料を含有させ、近赤外線を反射する方法が提案されている。
【0004】
【特許文献1】
特開2001−114149号公報。
【0005】
【特許文献2】
特開2001−122044号公報。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、この方法は赤外反射顔料粉末を樹脂にランダムに混入するため、反射方向が乱反射になり、ほとんどの反射光は樹脂層に吸収され熱に変わる。また、太陽光線エネルギーの約半分は可視光であり、加えて近年の自動車用窓ガラスは近赤外を吸収する断熱ガラスが多いことから、内装表面温度上昇の主要因は可視光である。従ってこの方法に代表される近赤外線を反射する方法では大きな効果は期待できない。
【0007】
本発明は上記の課題に着目してなされたもので、直射あるいはガラスを通した日射による内装材の表面温度上昇を抑制することを目的に、可視光を含む日射エネルギーの効果的な反射を第一の課題とした。
【0008】
しかし可視光反射率を上げると、必然的に表皮材の色は白色あるいは金属光沢色に近づく。そこで、それによって生じる日射の正反射光や、表皮の窓への映り込みによる乗員視界への悪影響を解決することを第二の課題とした。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、角度選択透過性を有するシートに、反射層を積層して得られる角度選択反射材としたことで、日射による表面温度の上昇を抑制しつつ、日射の反射方向を規定した。
【0010】
また、この角度選択反射材を、車両のインストルメントパネル、ドアトリム、リアパーセルシェルフ、ピラーガーニッシュ、ハンドルより選ばれる少なくとも一種に用いることで、車両の直射日光が当たる部位の内装表皮として用い、上記第一と第二の課題を同時に解決することとした。
【0011】
よって、日射を反射することで内装材の表面温度上昇を抑制しつつ、それによって生じる日射の正反射光や、表皮の窓への写り込みによる乗員視界への悪影響を防止することができる。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明における角度選択反射表皮材及びそれを用いた車両を実現する実施の形態を説明する。
【0013】
(実施の形態)
図1に本発明の実施の形態である角度選択透過性シート3に反射層5を積層した角度選択反射材の構成図を示す(請求項1に対応)。
【0014】
図2は、図1の角度選択反射材を車両インパネに適用した場合を表す図である(請求項11に対応)。白昼の日射に相当する高い位置の太陽(高日射光源)30からウインドウシールド1を通り入射する入射光80は、角度選択透過性シート3を通過して反射層5に到達して反射する。入射光80の反射光81は再び角度選択透過性3シートを透過して系外に放出される。一方、朝夕に相当する低い位置の太陽(低日射光源)31からウインドウシールド1を通り入射する入射光82は、角度選択透過性シート3の遮光壁に阻まれて吸収され、入射光82の反射光83は乗員視点10には到達しない。このように光の入射角度に依存した反射特性を有するシート材料を角度選択反射性シートと呼ぶこととし、高い位置にある太陽光の入射方向に対しては反射材として働き、乗員の視線方向に対しては非反射材として機能するように用いるのが本発明の原理である。
【0015】
(角度選択透過性シート)
ここで、角度選択透過性シート3とは、先に述べたように、ある角度では光を透過し、別の角度では非透過となる特性を有するシートである。角度選択透過性シート3にはいろいろな形態がある。図3は、透明樹脂フィルム41に不透明の遮光壁(ルーバー)42が規則的に配置されたルーバー構造を持つ角度選択透過性シート3の断面図である(請求項2に対応)。この構造はシートの機械的強度を確保することが難しいことから、透明な補強フィルム43でラミネートすることもあるが、本発明の効果を損なうものではない。
【0016】
また図4のように鋸歯状断面を持つ透明な鋸歯シート48の鋸歯の片面に遮光壁45が設けられる構造、あるいは図示しないが薄いハニカム体のような、セル状の遮光壁を形成したシートも本発明の角度選択透過性シートとして好適に用いることができる。この場合も適宜補強の目的で透明フィルム43をラミネートして用いることができる。
【0017】
(ルーバー)
特に遮光壁(ルーバー)42を備えたルーバー型の角度選択透過性シート3は、その製造方法において、透明のシートと非透明のシート(遮光壁に相当)の交互積層を繰り返す事により樹脂ブロックを形成し、それを厚み方向にスライスするという、比較的量産性の高い工業的製造方法が確立している。また、ルーバー型は比較的単純な構造であり発明の構成を説明しやすいので、以降本実施の形態の説明に遮光壁(ルーバー)42を備えたルーバー型の角度選択透過性シート3を用いた例を中心に説明していく。但しこれは本発明をルーバー型に限定するものではない。
【0018】
角度選択透過性シート3の光線透過部分を成す透明シートとしては、透明性を有する樹脂から任意に選択することが可能で、例えば、スチレン、メチルメタクリレート、アクリロニトリル、ポリカーボネート、ポリプロピレン等の熱可塑性樹脂や、シリコン樹脂などの透明ラバー類を好適に用いることができる。
【0019】
遮光壁となる非透明シートとしては、前述のような樹脂あるいはラバー類に、カーボン、酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛などの光透過性の無い顔料を分散したシート成形が好適に用いられる。また、光透過性の無い塗料を塗布してなるシートでもかまわない。あるいは、金属箔や金属蒸着した樹脂シートなども遮光性に優れるために好適に用いることができる(請求項6に対応)。
【0020】
(ルーバーの有効反射角)
ルーバー型の角度選択透過材は、その製造方法において、積層する透明シートと非透明シートの厚みによって遮光壁(ルーバー)42のピッチを調整し、スライスの厚さによって遮光壁(ルーバー)42の高さを調整し、スライスの角度によって遮光壁(ルーバー)42の傾斜角度を調整するというように、角度選択透過特性の設計が容易に可能なことから、本発明に一層好適に用いられる。
【0021】
ここで、本実施の形態の角度選択反射材の反射特性について、遮光壁(ルーバー)42の設計要件との関係を説明する。図5は角度選択反射材における有効反射角aを表す図である。遮光壁(ルーバー)42間の中心と遮光壁(ルーバー)42両上端を結ぶ線が成す角の内側が有効反射角aとなり、外側が非反射角bとなる。従って遮光壁(ルーバー)42のピッチが大きければ有効反射角aが大きく、遮光壁(ルーバー)42の高さが高ければ有効反射角aが小さくなる。また、遮光壁(ルーバー)42の角度については後に述べる実施形態において、遮光壁(ルーバー)42表面の反射の工夫によって、有効反射角aの方向を調整することができる(後述)。
【0022】
いずれにせよ、本実施の形態においては、角度選択反射材の設置される位置と、乗員視点10の位置及び日射の入射方向とを考慮して、これら遮光壁(ルーバー)42の設計パラメータを適宜調整して、より高い効果を発揮することができる。つまり、乗員の視線方向に対して非反射特性を損なわない範囲で有効反射角aを広げる様に設計することができる(請求項1、2に対応)。
【0023】
(ルーバー面の光学性状)
本実施の形態を更に効果あるものとするために、ルーバー表面に関し表裏それぞれの光学特性を考慮することが重要である。図6は、遮光壁(ルーバー)42の乗員側に向く面を光吸収性表面44に、車外側に向く面を光反射性表面45として角度選択反射材を構成した場合の構造を表す図である(請求項3に対応)。
【0024】
まず、角度選択反射材の乗員側に面する遮光壁(ルーバー)42の片面は、図7に示すようにインパネへの直接視線12及び遮光壁(ルーバー)42への窓映り視線13を経てウインドウシールド1へ映り込む。従ってその面が明る過ぎると乗員の視界の妨げになるため、低い明度であることが好ましい。また、その片面はインパネへの直接視線11により乗員が直接目にする面でもあり、内装材の意匠を決定する。そこで、映り込み防止と意匠上の自由度を考慮すれば、上限の明度をマンセル明度で5.0以下程度に押さえつつ、室内のデザインに合わせて任意の色調に設定することができる(請求項4に対応)。
【0025】
一方、車外側に面するルーバー面の表面を光反射性表面45とすることにより、より大きな有効反射角が得られる。つまり、図8に示すように、有効反射角度がルーバー反射性表面に拠る拡大分cだけ前方(車外方向)に拡大する。有効反射角度が拡大すると、反射機能を発揮する角度が広がるばかりでなく、遮光壁(ルーバー)42の陰になる部分の面積が減る分だけ反射率も向上するため、発明の目的とする温度上昇防止に大きな効果がある。
【0026】
また、図9のように遮光壁(ルーバー)42角を設けることにより、有効反射角度を更に前方にルーバー角による拡大分dだけ傾けることが可能になる。これにより、乗員側への非反射性能を保ちながら、より広範な太陽位置へからの日射を反射することができる(請求項3に対応)。
【0027】
(ルーバーの反射特性)
ここで光反射性表面45というのは、鏡のような正反射特性をもつ表面を指す。このような表面を形成する手法は、アルミ箔のような金属箔や、金属を蒸着あるいはスパッタリングした光輝フィルム(金属スパッタ膜)、金属泊を分散した塗膜、あるいはそれらを樹脂フィルムに付着させた反射フィルムから好適に用いることができる。また、同様の効果をもつものとして、アルミ顔料を用いた塗料を用いることもできる(請求項6に対応)。
【0028】
また、反射特性は正反射に限らずとも入射エネルギーを反射することができる。図10は、二酸化チタンや酸化亜鉛などの白色顔料を含有する高明度の塗料を塗布することで、遮光壁(ルーバー)42の反射面に散乱反射性表面46を形成する構成を表す図である。例えば、外観上は白色に見える散乱反射性表面46も、拡散光を含めたエネルギー反射率で見ると、鏡面に近い90%以上を反射することができる。このように散乱反射性表面46を用いる場合、反射率を大きく損なわない範囲で、適宜着色することも可能である。その場合はマンセル明度で概ね6.0以上の明度であれば、散乱反射の効果が得られる(請求項5に対応)。
【0029】
(再帰反射)
図11は、遮光壁(ルーバー)42の反射性表面に再帰反射性表面47を用いる場合の構成を表す図である。この構成の場合、図12の再帰反射による拡大分eの範囲まで更に有効反射角度を広げることができるため、極めて優れた効果が得られる。ここでいう再帰反射とは、ガラスビーズや微細な立体プリズム構造(コーナーキューブ)の光屈折を利用して、光の照射方向に係わらず、入射光を照射方向に反射する性質を言う。因みに再帰反射材は、一般に道路標識、看板等の視認性向上に用いられ、例えば、住友3M製スコッチライトカプセルレンズ型反射シートや、日本カーバイド工業製ニッカライトカプセルレンズ型高輝度シート、封入レンズ型再帰反射シート等が市販されており、工業的にも入手可能である(請求項7に対応)。
【0030】
(反射層)
角度選択透過性シート3に積層される反射層としては、先に述べた遮光壁(ルーバー)42の光反射性表面と同様、鏡のような正反射特性をもつ表面を指す。この様な表面を形成する手法は、アルミ箔のような金属箔や、金属を蒸着あるいはスパッタリングした光輝フィルムを好適に用いることができる。また、同様の効果を持つものとして、アルミ顔料を用いた塗料を用いることもできる(請求項9に対応)。
【0031】
また反射層においても、やはり遮光壁(ルーバー)42の光反射性表面45と同様に、正反射に限らず散乱反射でもエネルギーを反射することができる。図13は、図6の構成における反射層5を散乱反射層51とした場合の構成を表す図である。この構成では、図14に示すように、図8の有効反射角aとルーバー反射性表面に拠る拡大分cに加え、前方にルーバー散乱反射性表面に拠る拡大分fだけ拡大する。一方、この形態では乗員側にもルーバー散乱反射性表面に拠る拡大分gだけ拡大するので、特に窓映りが起こらないように遮光壁(ルーバー)42の高さやピッチの調整が必要となることもある。
【0032】
散乱反射層においても、反射率を大きく損なわない範囲で適宜着色することも可能である。その場合はマンセル明度で概ね6.0以上の明度であれば、散乱反射の効果が得られる。また、白色顔料を用いた塗料またはフィルムで反射層を形成する利点としては、蒸着フィルムに比べて可とう性が得やすいために部品成形性に優れる(請求項8に対応)。
【0033】
図13の構成は、拡散反射表面を持つシートを角度選択透過性シート3と接着積層したものである。シートの材質は特に限定するものではないが、この角度選択反射材を内装部品の表皮として使うことを考慮すると、軟質塩化ビニル樹脂やTPOと呼ばれるオレフィン系表皮素材などを用いれば、部品への形状追従性に優れ使いやすいものとなる。あるいは、角度選択透過性シート3の片面に直接、二酸化チタンや酸化亜鉛などの白色顔料を含有する高明度の塗料を塗布しても良い。
【0034】
(反射防止層)
本発明の角度選択性反射材を内装材表面に適用するにあたって、最表面のつやがあまり大きいと、例えば太陽が低い位置にあり角度選択反射材表面で正反射した光が強く、視界の妨げになる。図15は、図6の構成における角度選択性反射材の最表面に反射防止層9を接着した場合の構成を表す。表面の反射特性は内装部品形状や表面の「しぼ」などによって変わるため、一概に反射率だけで性能規定することはできないが、経験上JIS Z 8741 光沢度測定方法に定める60°鏡面光沢度において30%以下程度で設定される場合が多い。従って本発明においてもこの範囲で設定することが望ましい。
【0035】
反射防止処理にはいくつかの方法があるが、意匠性と量産性の観点から表面に微細な凹凸加工いわゆる「しぼ」を形成するのが好ましい。しぼの形成方法は通常既知のロールによる型押しやスラッシュ成型による型転写が用いられる。また、もちろん最表面にシリカ微粉末などを分散したつや消し塗料などを塗布することもできる(請求項10に対応)。
【0036】
(車両への搭載)
このようにして得られる角度選択反射材は、自動車の内装部品の表皮として用いられるときに、効果を発揮する。ただしこの事は、本発明を同様の目的から、家具や住宅内装などに適用することを妨げるものではない。
【0037】
本発明が好適に用いられる自動車用内装部品としては、日射を受ける部位に設置され、且つ乗員の視界に入るような部品、即ち、インスツルメントパネルや、ドアトリムの上部、あるいはピラー、リアパーセルシェルフなどが挙げられる。特にインスツルメントパネルは、室内で最も温度が上がり、また面積も大きい部品であることから、本発明が最も効果的に用いられる対象部品の一つである(請求項11に対応)。
【0038】
次に本発明を実施例により説明する。
(実施例1)
(角度選択透過性シートの調整)
透明シートとしては厚さ300μmの透明シリコン樹脂のシートを用いた。遮光性の遮光壁(ルーバー)42の材料としては25μmの透明アクリルシートにアルミニウムを蒸着したシートを用い、その蒸着面に黒色つや消し塗料を約10μmの厚さで塗布し、片面を光吸収性の表面に調整した。このルーバー材シートのアクリルシート側にアクリルウレタン系接着剤を薄く塗布しながら、これら2種類のシートを熱ロールに通してラミネートした。こうして得られるラミシートを500mm角のシートに裁断して多数のカットシートを作成し、その片面に先の接着剤を塗布し、20シート程度重ねて熱プレスにより圧着し、厚さ10mm弱の多層シートを得た。更にそれを約60層前後積み重ねて圧着し、厚さ約500mmのブロックを形成した。このブロックを、スライサーを用いて、積み重ねた厚み方向に厚さ300μmのシートにスライスし、片面にアルミ蒸着による光反射性面、もう片面に黒色の光吸収性面を有する、ルーバー角0°のルーバー型角度選択透過材を得た。
【0039】
(角度選択反射材表皮の調整)
先の方法によって得られた角度選択透過材に、反射層として300μmの軟質塩化ビニルシートにアルミを蒸着した反射シートを積層接着した。また、反射層を接着した反対側の面には、表面の反射を防止するためのつや消し粉末を含む透明ウレタン塗料を塗布した。この様にして500mm角の角度選択反射シートを得た。
【0040】
(内装試験片の調整)
上記表皮を、5.0mmtのウレタン発泡体シートと、1.2mmtの30%タルク含有ポリプロピレン板を、常温乾燥型ゴム系接着剤で張り合わせ積層体とし、自動車内装を模した試験片とした。
【0041】
(実施例2)
(角度選択透過性シートの調整)
遮光性のルーバー材としては25μmの透明アクリルシートにアルミニウムを蒸着したシートを用い、その両面に黒色つや消し塗料を約10μmの厚さで塗布し、両面を光吸収性の表面に調整した。このルーバー材シートの片側にアクリルウレタン系接着剤を薄く塗布しながら、これら2種類のシートを熱ロールに通してラミネートした。以降は実施例1と同様の操作で、両面に黒色の光吸収性面を有するルーバー型の角度選択透過材を得た。
【0042】
(角度選択反射材表皮及び内装試験片の調整)
更に、以降も実施例1と同様の操作で、500mm角の角度選択反射材及び試験片を得た。
【0043】
(実施例3)
(角度選択透過性シートの調整)
遮光性のルーバー材としては25μmの透明アクリルシートにアルミニウムを蒸着したシートを用い、その片面に黒色つや消し塗料を約10μmの厚さで塗布し、光吸収性の表面に調整した。またもう一方の面を、二酸化チタンを顔料として用いた白色塗料を約10μmの厚さで塗布し、散乱反射性の表面を形成した。その他は実施例1と同様の操作で、散乱反射性の光反射性面と光吸収性面とを有するルーバー型の角度選択透過材を得た。
【0044】
(角度選択反射材表皮及び内装試験片の調整)
更に、以降も実施例1と同様の操作で、500mm角の角度選択反射材及び試験片を得た。
【0045】
(実施例4)
(角度選択透過シートの調整)
遮光性のルーバー材として、再帰反射シートである住友3M製スコッチライトカプセルレンズ型反射シートを用い、その裏面に黒色つや消し塗料を約10μmの厚さで塗布し、光吸収性の面に調整した。その他は実施例1と同様の操作で、再帰反射性の光反射性面と光吸収性面とを有するルーバー型の角度選択透過材を得た。
【0046】
(角度選択反射材表皮及び内装試験片の調整)
更に以降も実施例1と同様の操作で、500mm角の角度選択反射材及び試験片を得た。
【0047】
(実施例5)
(角度選択透過シート及び内装試験片の調整)
実施例1と同様の操作で、片面にアルミ蒸着による光反射性面、もう片面に黒色の光吸収性面を有するルーバー型の角度選択透過材を得た。
【0048】
(角度選択反射材表皮の調整)
先の方法によって得られた角度選択透過材に、反射層として二酸化チタンを顔料として用いたウレタン塗料を、約30μmの厚さで塗布し、散乱反射性の反射層5を形成した。また、反射層を塗布した反対側の面には、表面の反射を防止するためのつや消し粉末を含む透明ウレタン塗料を塗布した。この様にして500mm角の角度選択反射シートを得た。以降実施例1と同様の操作で、試験片を得た。
【0049】
(比較例1)
現行の車両に用いられる軟質塩化ビニル製の黒色、皮しぼ付きのインストルメントパネル用表皮を500角に裁断して用いた。以降実施例1と同様の操作で、試験片を得た。
【0050】
(比較例2)
比較例1に用いた黒色表皮の表面に、二酸化チタンを顔料として用いた白色ウレタン塗料を、約30μmの厚さで塗布し、散乱反射性の反射層5を形成した。これを500角に裁断して用いた。以降実施例1と同様の操作で、試験片を得た。
【0051】
(測定及び評価方法)
(性能評価)
得られた試験片について、表面温度上昇防止の性能を評価するための人工日射試験と、視界を評価する官能評価を行った。
【0052】
また、実車における効果の検証のため、実際に自動車のインパネ上部の塩化ビニル樹脂表皮と発泡ウレタン層を500×500の大きさで除去し、露出した基材表面に実施例1で得られる表皮材を、常温乾燥型ゴム系接着剤にて張り込み、環境試験室にて現行部品と比較評価した。
【0053】
(人工日射試験(20°入射))
図16に示す断熱箱25に300mm角に切り出した角度選択反射材試験片24を設置し,更に窓ガラスを模した自動車用グリーンガラス3.5mmt(日射透過率60% ,JIS R3106による)22を試験片から約100mmの距離に設置し車室内の温度上昇も模擬した。試験片の設置に関しては、インパネ前方からの夏季南中日射を想定し、20度傾けて、遮光壁(ルーバー)42の反射面を光源方向に向けて設置した。 積層体の表面には熱伝対23を設置して試験片の温度変化を計測できるようにした。熱負荷は500W人工太陽照明灯4灯からなるソーラシミュレータ(セリック株式会社社製)21を試料上方に設置し,ガラス表面における照射エネルギーを767W/mになるように調整した。測定は25℃に調整された室内で、試料への光照射開始後60分後,試料表面の温度上昇がほぼ平衡に達した時点で行った。
【0054】
(人工日射試験(45°入射))
図7に示す実験装置を用い、試験片の設置に関しては、インパネ前方からの夏季午前9時あるいは午後3時前後の、やや斜めの日射を想定し、45°傾けて設置した。あとは20°の試験と同様に温度計測を実施した。
【0055】
(正反射官能評価)
図17に示すように、自動車窓用グリーンガラス3.5mmt(日射透過率60% ,JIS R3106による)の未成型平板(500mm X 500mm)22を黒色ラシャ紙27上に水平から30°の角度に設置し、乗員視点26の位置から試験片24をはさんで相対する約1mの位置から500Wソーラシミュレータ(セリック株式会社社製)211を照射し、角度選択反射材試験片24からの反射度合いを目視評価した。従来例とまったく遜色無いレベルを○、多少まぶしいがその程度はわずかで、さほど気にならないレベルを△、明らかにまぶしく、視界を損ねているものを×と判定した。
【0056】
(窓映り官能評価)
図18に示すように、自動車窓用グリーンガラス3.5mmt(日射透過率60% ,JIS R3106による)の未成型平板(500mm X 500mm)22を黒色ラシャ紙27上に水平から30°の角度に設置し、約2mの高さから500Wソーラシミュレータ(セリック株式会社社製)212を照射し、試験片位置での照度を6000ルクスに調整して、角度選択反射材試験片24への映り込み程度を目視評価した。従来例とまったく遜色無いレベルを○、多少映り込むがその程度はわずかであり、さほど気にならないレベルを△、明らかに透けて視界を損ねているものを×と判定した。
【0057】
(車両搭載状態による評価)
インストルメントパネル上面平坦部を300×300mmの大きさで、表皮と発泡ウレタン層を剥離し、実施例1で調整した角度選択反射表皮と発泡ウレタンシートの積層体を同サイズに切り出し、常温乾燥型のゴム系接着剤を用いて、インストルメントパネルの剥離部分に接着した。その車両を図18のような、赤外ランプ及び送風/空調装置を有する環境試験室に設置し、以下の条件で環境を設定し60分間ソークした後、熱電対にてインスツルメントパネルの表面温度を測定した。
【0058】
比較としては同車両インスツルメントパネルの未剥離部、つまり現行表皮の部分の温度を、同時に計測した。
日射強度:767 W/m2
気温:35 ℃
湿度:70 %RH
風速:0.8 m/sec
(評価結果)
表1に評価結果を示した。
【表1】

Figure 2005001235
試料を20°に設置した人工日射試験においては、現行表皮の温度が88℃になる環境において、実施例1から5はいずれも温度上昇を押さえることができた。特に、実施例1は反射効率の良い正反射面を遮光壁(ルーバー)42の片面と反射層に用いているため、温度低下の効果は24℃と大きい。実施例2では、遮光壁(ルーバー)42の両面が吸収性表面となるため、反射に寄与する面積をあまり大きく取ることができないために、温度低下は10℃程度となった。実施例3及び実施例5では、拡散反射面を用いたため、反射光の一部が遮光壁(ルーバー)42の吸収面に吸収され、実施例1よりもやや温度低下効果が小さかった。実施例4では、再帰反射の反射率が高くない(約55%程度)ため、やはり実施例1よりも温度低下効果が小さい。
【0059】
試料を45°に設置した人工日射試験においては、現行表皮の温度はやや低下し、82℃程度の環境となった。この角度の試験においては、有効反射角aが小さい実施例2においては温度低下効果が得られなかった。また、実施例1も、有効反射面積がさほど大きい実施形態ではないので、温度低下効果は4℃程度であった。一方、散乱反射や再帰反射を用いた実施例3,4,5においては、有効反射角度が大きいため、7℃〜12℃と実施例1よりも大きな温度低下効果が得られた。
【0060】
正反射官能評価試験では、実施例1から5はいずれも反射層の正反射はよくカットされ、また、角度選択反射シートの表面反射についても、反射防止処理効果が効いており、視界を妨げるような反射光は無かった。一方比較例2は、表面が白色の散乱反射面であったが、正反射方向の光がやや強く、幾分まぶしく感じられた。
【0061】
窓映り官能評価試験では、実施例1、2、4はよく窓映りが押さえられ、良好な視界が得られた。実施例3では、遮光壁(ルーバー)42の拡散反射がわずかにインパネ表面を明るくし、現行表皮よりも明るく感じられたが、視界が妨げられるほどではなかった。実施例5では、反射層の白い色調がわずかに映りこんだが、遮光壁(ルーバー)42の黒色塗装面の映り込み面積と比較するとごくわずかであり、視界が妨げられるほどではなかった。
【0062】
実車評価においては、先の試験片による実験の結果と同じく約20℃ほどの温度低下効果が得られた。このことから、本発明が実車においても効果あるものであることが明らかになった。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】角度選択透過性を有するシートに反射層を積層した構造を表す図である。
【図2】光の入射角度に依存した反射特性を表す図である。
【図3】透明樹脂シートに不透明の遮光壁を規則的に配置したルーバー構造を補強フィルムでラミネートした構造を表す図である。
【図4】鋸歯状断面の透明シートの鋸歯の片面に遮光壁を設けた構造を表す図である。
【図5】角度選択反射材における有効反射角を表す図である。
【図6】遮光壁(ルーバー)の乗員側の面を光吸収性表面に、車外側の面を光反射性表面とした角度選択反射シートの構造を表す図である。
【図7】角度選択反射シートにおける窓映り視線を表す図である。
【図8】車外側の面の表面を光反射性表面とした場合の反射角の拡大を示す図である。
【図9】ルーバー角を設けた場合の有効反射角の拡大を示す図である。
【図10】高明度の塗料を塗布し、ルーバーの反射面に散乱反射性表面を形成した構造を表す図である。
【図11】遮光壁(ルーバー)反射性表面に再帰反射材を用いた構造を表す図である。
【図12】遮光壁(ルーバー)の反射性表面に再帰反射材を用いた場合の有効反射角の拡大を示す図である。
【図13】図6において、車外側の光反射性表面を散乱反射性とした場合の構造を表す図である。
【図14】車外側の光反射性表面を散乱反射性とした場合の、有効反射角の拡大を示す図である。
【図15】図6において、角度選択性反射材の最表面に反射防止層を設けた構造を表す図である。
【図16】人工日射試験における実験装置を表す図である。
【図17】正反射官能評価及び窓映り官能評価の実験装置を表す図である。
【図18】車両搭載状態評価を行う実験装置を表す図である。
【符号の説明】
1 ウインドウシールド
3 角度選択透過性シート
5 反射層
10 乗員視点
11 インパネへの直接視線
12 ルーバーへの窓映り視線
13 反射層への窓映り視線
21 ソーラシミュレータ
211 人工太陽灯
212 人工太陽灯
213 ソーラシミュレータ
22 自動車用板ガラス
23 熱電対
24 角度選択反射材試料
25 断熱箱
26 視点
27 黒ラシャ紙
30 太陽(高日射光源)
31 太陽(低日射光源)
41 透明樹脂フィルム
42 遮光壁(ルーバー)
43 補強フィルム
44 光吸収性表面
45 光反射性表面
46 散乱反射性表面
47 再帰反射性表面
48 鋸歯シート
a 有効反射角
b 非反射角
c ルーバー反射性表面に拠る拡大分
d ルーバー角に拠る拡大分
e 再帰反射による拡大分[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an interior skin material and a vehicle using the same, and more particularly to improvement of a temperature environment in a vehicle interior under a hot sun.
[0002]
[Prior art]
It is well known that the interior of a parked automobile becomes very hot under hot weather. According to the measurement of the temperature in the vehicle in summer in Japan, the temperature in the vehicle room when parked in the sun reaches about 70 ° C. In the interior materials, the upper surface of the instrument panel is around 100 ° C, and 70 on the ceiling and seat surfaces. It has been reported to reach temperatures as high as around ℃. Needless to say, there is no uncomfortable feeling when riding in this situation, and radiant heat is generated from the interior material for a long time, and heat is stored on the seat surface, so that the occupant receives unpleasant heat from the seat by heat conduction. At the same time, since the room temperature and the interior material temperature are not easily lowered in ventilation or cooling, excessive energy consumption due to cooling is also a problem.
[0003]
Conventionally, for the purpose of preventing the overheating of the interior material surface with respect to the problem of parking under the sun, for example, a method of reflecting a near infrared ray by incorporating a far-infrared reflective pigment into the interior material skin described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, for example. Proposed.
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2001-114149 A.
[0005]
[Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-122044.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in this method, since the infrared reflective pigment powder is randomly mixed into the resin, the reflection direction becomes irregular reflection, and most of the reflected light is absorbed by the resin layer and changed to heat. In addition, about half of the sunlight energy is visible light, and in addition, since the window glass for automobiles in recent years has a lot of heat insulating glass that absorbs near-infrared rays, the main factor of the rise in the interior surface temperature is visible light. Therefore, the method of reflecting near infrared rays represented by this method cannot be expected to have a great effect.
[0007]
The present invention has been made paying attention to the above-mentioned problems, and for the purpose of suppressing an increase in the surface temperature of the interior material due to direct sunlight or solar radiation through glass, effective reflection of solar energy including visible light is first performed. One issue.
[0008]
However, when the visible light reflectance is increased, the color of the skin material inevitably approaches white or a metallic luster color. Therefore, the second problem was to solve the negative effects on the passenger's field of view caused by the specular reflection of solar radiation and the reflection on the skin window.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the present invention, an angle selective reflecting material obtained by laminating a reflective layer on a sheet having angle selective transparency is used, and the reflection direction of solar radiation is regulated while suppressing an increase in surface temperature due to solar radiation.
[0010]
Further, by using this angle selective reflecting material as at least one selected from an instrument panel, a door trim, a rear parcel shelf, a pillar garnish, and a handle of the vehicle, it is used as an interior skin of a part that is exposed to direct sunlight of the vehicle. We decided to solve the first and second issues at the same time.
[0011]
Therefore, while reflecting the solar radiation, it is possible to prevent an increase in the surface temperature of the interior material, and to prevent a bad influence on the occupant's field of view due to the specular reflection light of the solar radiation and the reflection of the skin onto the window.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment for realizing an angle selective reflection skin material and a vehicle using the same according to the present invention will be described.
[0013]
(Embodiment)
FIG. 1 shows a configuration diagram of an angle selective reflection material in which a reflection layer 5 is laminated on an angle selective transmission sheet 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention (corresponding to claim 1).
[0014]
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a case where the angle selective reflection material of FIG. 1 is applied to a vehicle instrument panel (corresponding to claim 11). Incident light 80 that enters through the window shield 1 from the sun (high solar radiation light source) 30 at a high position corresponding to daylight in the daytime passes through the angle selective transmission sheet 3 and reaches the reflection layer 5 to be reflected. The reflected light 81 of the incident light 80 is again transmitted through the angle selective transmissive three sheet and emitted outside the system. On the other hand, incident light 82 that enters through the window shield 1 from the sun (low solar radiation light source) 31 at a low position corresponding to morning and evening is blocked by the light shielding wall of the angle selective transmission sheet 3 and absorbed, and the incident light 82 is reflected. The light 83 does not reach the passenger viewpoint 10. Such a sheet material having a reflection characteristic depending on the incident angle of light is called an angle-selective reflective sheet, and acts as a reflector for the incident direction of sunlight at a high position, and in the sight line direction of the occupant On the other hand, the principle of the present invention is to use it so as to function as a non-reflective material.
[0015]
(Angle selective permeability sheet)
Here, as described above, the angle selective transmission sheet 3 is a sheet having a characteristic of transmitting light at one angle and non-transmitting at another angle. The angle selective permeable sheet 3 has various forms. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the angle selective transmission sheet 3 having a louver structure in which opaque light shielding walls (louvers) 42 are regularly arranged on a transparent resin film 41 (corresponding to claim 2). Since this structure makes it difficult to ensure the mechanical strength of the sheet, it may be laminated with a transparent reinforcing film 43, but this does not impair the effects of the present invention.
[0016]
Also, as shown in FIG. 4, there is a structure in which a light-shielding wall 45 is provided on one side of a sawtooth of a transparent sawtooth sheet 48 having a sawtooth-shaped cross section, or a sheet in which a cellular light-shielding wall is formed, such as a thin honeycomb body (not shown). It can be suitably used as the angle selective transmission sheet of the present invention. Also in this case, the transparent film 43 can be laminated and used for the purpose of reinforcement as appropriate.
[0017]
(louver)
In particular, the louver-type angle-selective transmissive sheet 3 provided with the light-shielding wall (louver) 42 has a resin block formed by repeating alternate lamination of a transparent sheet and a non-transparent sheet (corresponding to the light-shielding wall) in the manufacturing method. An industrial manufacturing method having a relatively high mass productivity has been established, in which it is formed and sliced in the thickness direction. In addition, the louver type has a relatively simple structure and it is easy to explain the configuration of the invention. Therefore, the louver type angle selective transmission sheet 3 having a light shielding wall (louver) 42 is used in the following description of the present embodiment. The explanation will focus on examples. However, this does not limit the present invention to the louver type.
[0018]
The transparent sheet constituting the light transmitting portion of the angle selective transmission sheet 3 can be arbitrarily selected from resins having transparency, for example, thermoplastic resins such as styrene, methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, polycarbonate, polypropylene, Transparent rubbers such as silicon resin can be preferably used.
[0019]
As the non-transparent sheet serving as the light-shielding wall, sheet molding is preferably used in which pigments such as carbon, titanium oxide, and zinc oxide are dispersed in the resin or rubber as described above. Further, a sheet formed by applying a paint having no light transmittance may be used. Alternatively, a metal foil, a metal-deposited resin sheet, or the like can be suitably used because of its excellent light shielding properties (corresponding to claim 6).
[0020]
(Effective reflection angle of louver)
In the manufacturing method of the louver type angle selective transmission material, the pitch of the light shielding wall (louver) 42 is adjusted by the thickness of the transparent sheet and the non-transparent sheet to be laminated, and the height of the light shielding wall (louver) 42 is adjusted by the thickness of the slice. The angle-selective transmission characteristics can be easily designed such as adjusting the thickness and adjusting the inclination angle of the light-shielding wall (louver) 42 according to the slice angle.
[0021]
Here, the relationship between the reflection characteristics of the angle selective reflecting material of the present embodiment and the design requirements of the light shielding wall (louver) 42 will be described. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the effective reflection angle a in the angle selective reflection material. The inside of the angle formed by the line connecting the center between the light shielding walls (louvers) 42 and the upper ends of the light shielding walls (louvers) 42 is the effective reflection angle a, and the outside is the non-reflection angle b. Therefore, if the pitch of the light shielding walls (louvers) 42 is large, the effective reflection angle a is large, and if the height of the light shielding walls (louvers) 42 is high, the effective reflection angle a is small. In addition, regarding the angle of the light shielding wall (louver) 42, in the embodiment described later, the direction of the effective reflection angle a can be adjusted by devising reflection on the surface of the light shielding wall (louver) 42 (described later).
[0022]
In any case, in the present embodiment, the design parameters of the light shielding walls (louvers) 42 are appropriately set in consideration of the position where the angle selective reflecting material is installed, the position of the occupant viewpoint 10 and the incident direction of solar radiation. It can be adjusted to achieve a higher effect. That is, it can be designed to widen the effective reflection angle a within a range that does not impair the non-reflection characteristics with respect to the sight line direction of the passenger (corresponding to claims 1 and 2).
[0023]
(Optical properties of the louver surface)
In order to make this embodiment more effective, it is important to consider the optical characteristics of the front and back sides of the louver surface. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a structure in which an angle selective reflecting material is configured with a light-absorbing surface 44 as a surface facing the occupant side of the light-shielding wall (louver) 42 and a light-reflecting surface 45 as a surface facing the vehicle exterior. Yes (corresponding to claim 3).
[0024]
First, as shown in FIG. 7, one side of the light shielding wall (louver) 42 facing the occupant side of the angle selection reflecting material is passed through a direct line of sight 12 to the instrument panel and a window projection line of sight 13 to the light shielding wall (louver) 42. Reflect on Shield 1. Therefore, if the surface is too bright, the occupant's field of view is obstructed, so that the brightness is preferably low. Moreover, the one surface is also a surface which a passenger | crew sees directly by the direct line of sight 11 to an instrument panel, and determines the design of interior material. Therefore, considering the prevention of reflection and the degree of freedom in design, the upper limit brightness can be set to an arbitrary color tone according to the interior design while the Munsell brightness is suppressed to about 5.0 or less. 4).
[0025]
On the other hand, by making the surface of the louver surface facing the outside of the vehicle the light reflective surface 45, a larger effective reflection angle can be obtained. That is, as shown in FIG. 8, the effective reflection angle expands forward (toward the vehicle) by an increase c that depends on the louver reflective surface. Increasing the effective reflection angle not only increases the angle at which the reflection function is exerted, but also increases the reflectivity by the amount of the area behind the light-shielding wall (louver) 42, so the temperature rise that is the object of the invention It has a great effect on prevention.
[0026]
Further, by providing 42 light-shielding walls (louvers) as shown in FIG. 9, the effective reflection angle can be further tilted forward by an enlarged amount d by the louver angle. Thereby, the solar radiation from a wider solar position can be reflected while maintaining the non-reflective performance toward the passenger (corresponding to claim 3).
[0027]
(Louvre reflection characteristics)
Here, the light reflective surface 45 refers to a surface having specular reflection characteristics such as a mirror. The method for forming such a surface is a metal foil such as an aluminum foil, a bright film (metal sputtered film) obtained by vapor deposition or sputtering of metal, a coating film in which metal stays are dispersed, or a film attached to a resin film. It can be used suitably from a reflective film. In addition, a paint using an aluminum pigment can be used as having the same effect (corresponding to claim 6).
[0028]
Further, the reflection characteristic is not limited to regular reflection, and incident energy can be reflected. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a configuration in which a scattering reflective surface 46 is formed on the reflective surface of a light shielding wall (louver) 42 by applying a high-lightness paint containing a white pigment such as titanium dioxide or zinc oxide. . For example, the scattering reflective surface 46 that appears white in appearance can reflect 90% or more close to the mirror surface when viewed from the energy reflectivity including diffused light. Thus, when the scattering reflective surface 46 is used, it is also possible to color appropriately within a range that does not significantly impair the reflectance. In that case, if the Munsell lightness is approximately 6.0 or higher, the effect of scattering reflection can be obtained (corresponding to claim 5).
[0029]
(Retro reflection)
FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a configuration in which a retroreflective surface 47 is used as the reflective surface of the light shielding wall (louver) 42. In the case of this configuration, the effective reflection angle can be further expanded to the range of the enlargement e by retroreflection in FIG. Retroreflective here refers to the property of reflecting incident light in the irradiation direction, regardless of the light irradiation direction, using the light refraction of glass beads or a fine three-dimensional prism structure (corner cube). Incidentally, retroreflective materials are generally used to improve the visibility of road signs, signboards, etc., for example, Sumitomo 3M Scotch Light Capsule Lens type reflective sheet, Nippon Carbide Industries Nikka Light Capsule Lens type high brightness sheet, encapsulated lens type Retroreflective sheets and the like are commercially available and can be obtained industrially (corresponding to claim 7).
[0030]
(Reflective layer)
The reflection layer laminated on the angle selective transmission sheet 3 indicates a surface having specular reflection characteristics such as a mirror, similar to the light reflective surface of the light shielding wall (louver) 42 described above. As a method for forming such a surface, a metal foil such as an aluminum foil, or a bright film obtained by vapor deposition or sputtering of a metal can be preferably used. In addition, a paint using an aluminum pigment can be used as having the same effect (corresponding to claim 9).
[0031]
Also in the reflective layer, energy can be reflected not only by regular reflection but also by scattered reflection, similarly to the light reflective surface 45 of the light shielding wall (louver) 42. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a configuration when the reflective layer 5 in the configuration of FIG. In this configuration, as shown in FIG. 14, in addition to the effective reflection angle a in FIG. 8 and the enlarged portion c due to the louver reflective surface, it is enlarged forward by the enlarged portion f due to the louver scattering reflective surface. On the other hand, in this embodiment, the occupant side is also enlarged by an enlarged amount g due to the louver scattering reflective surface. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the height and pitch of the light shielding wall (louver) 42 so that window reflection does not occur. is there.
[0032]
The scattering reflection layer can also be appropriately colored within a range that does not significantly impair the reflectance. In that case, if the Munsell brightness is approximately 6.0 or more, the effect of scattering reflection can be obtained. In addition, as an advantage of forming the reflective layer with a paint or film using a white pigment, it is easy to obtain flexibility as compared with the vapor-deposited film, so that the part moldability is excellent (corresponding to claim 8).
[0033]
The configuration of FIG. 13 is obtained by bonding and laminating a sheet having a diffuse reflection surface to the angle selective transmission sheet 3. The material of the sheet is not particularly limited, but considering that this angle selective reflector is used as the skin of interior parts, the shape of the parts can be improved by using soft vinyl chloride resin or olefin-based skin material called TPO. Excellent followability and easy to use. Alternatively, a high-lightness paint containing a white pigment such as titanium dioxide or zinc oxide may be directly applied to one surface of the angle selective transmission sheet 3.
[0034]
(Antireflection layer)
When applying the angle-selective reflector of the present invention to the interior material surface, if the outermost surface is too glossy, for example, the sun is in a low position and the light regularly reflected on the surface of the angle-selective reflector is strong, obstructing the field of view. Become. FIG. 15 shows a configuration when the antireflection layer 9 is bonded to the outermost surface of the angle selective reflector in the configuration of FIG. Since the reflection characteristics of the surface vary depending on the shape of the interior parts and the surface “wrinkles”, it is not possible to specify the performance by simply reflecting the reflectance. However, in experience, the 60 ° specular glossiness specified in the JIS Z 8741 glossiness measurement method is used. It is often set at about 30% or less. Therefore, it is desirable to set within this range also in the present invention.
[0035]
Although there are several methods for the antireflection treatment, it is preferable to form a fine unevenness so-called “wrinkle” on the surface from the viewpoint of design and mass productivity. As a method for forming the warp, a known method such as embossing with a roll or slush molding is used. Of course, a matte paint or the like having fine silica powder dispersed on the outermost surface can also be applied (corresponding to claim 10).
[0036]
(Installation in vehicle)
The angle-selective reflecting material obtained in this way is effective when used as the skin of automobile interior parts. However, this does not preclude the application of the present invention to furniture or home interiors for the same purpose.
[0037]
The interior parts for automobiles to which the present invention is preferably used include parts that are installed in a part that receives sunlight and enters the sight of the occupant, that is, an instrument panel, an upper part of a door trim, a pillar, a rear parcel shelf. Etc. In particular, the instrument panel is one of the target parts for which the present invention is most effectively used because it is the part that has the highest temperature and the largest area in the room (corresponding to claim 11).
[0038]
Next, the present invention will be described with reference to examples.
(Example 1)
(Adjustment of angle-selective transparent sheet)
A transparent silicon resin sheet having a thickness of 300 μm was used as the transparent sheet. As a material for the light-shielding light-shielding wall (louver) 42, a sheet obtained by vapor-depositing aluminum on a 25-μm transparent acrylic sheet is used. A black matte paint is applied to the vapor-deposited surface with a thickness of about 10 μm, and one side is light-absorbing. Adjusted to the surface. These two kinds of sheets were laminated by passing them through a hot roll while thinly applying an acrylic urethane adhesive on the acrylic sheet side of the louver material sheet. The laminated sheet thus obtained is cut into a sheet of 500 mm square to produce a large number of cut sheets, the previous adhesive is applied to one side thereof, about 20 sheets are stacked and pressure-bonded by hot pressing, and a multilayer sheet having a thickness of less than 10 mm Got. Further, about 60 layers were stacked and pressure-bonded to form a block having a thickness of about 500 mm. Using a slicer, this block is sliced into 300 μm thick sheets in the stacked thickness direction, and has a light reflecting surface by aluminum vapor deposition on one side and a black light absorbing surface on the other side, with a louver angle of 0 °. A louver type angle selective transmission material was obtained.
[0039]
(Adjustment of angle-selective reflector skin)
A reflection sheet obtained by depositing aluminum on a 300 μm soft vinyl chloride sheet as a reflection layer was laminated and bonded to the angle selective transmission material obtained by the above method. Moreover, the transparent urethane coating containing the frosting powder for preventing the reflection of the surface was apply | coated to the surface on the opposite side which adhere | attached the reflection layer. In this way, a 500 mm square angle selective reflection sheet was obtained.
[0040]
(Adjustment of interior specimen)
The above-mentioned skin was laminated with a 5.0 mmt urethane foam sheet and a 1.2 mmt 30% talc-containing polypropylene plate with a room temperature dry rubber adhesive to obtain a test piece simulating an automobile interior.
[0041]
(Example 2)
(Adjustment of angle-selective transparent sheet)
As a light-shielding louver material, a sheet of aluminum deposited on a 25 μm transparent acrylic sheet was used, and a black matte paint was applied to both surfaces thereof to a thickness of about 10 μm, and both surfaces were adjusted to a light-absorbing surface. While thinly applying the acrylic urethane adhesive on one side of the louver material sheet, these two kinds of sheets were passed through a hot roll and laminated. Thereafter, the same operation as in Example 1 was performed to obtain a louver-type angle selective transmission material having black light-absorbing surfaces on both sides.
[0042]
(Adjustment of angle-selective reflector skin and interior test piece)
Further, thereafter, the same operation as in Example 1 was performed to obtain a 500 mm square angle selective reflector and a test piece.
[0043]
Example 3
(Adjustment of angle-selective transparent sheet)
As a light-shielding louver material, a sheet obtained by vapor-depositing aluminum on a 25 μm transparent acrylic sheet was used, and a black matte paint was applied to a thickness of about 10 μm on one side to adjust the surface to a light-absorbing surface. On the other side, a white paint using titanium dioxide as a pigment was applied to a thickness of about 10 μm to form a scattering reflective surface. Other operations were the same as in Example 1 to obtain a louver-type angle-selective transmission material having a light-reflective surface and a light-absorbing surface with scattering reflectivity.
[0044]
(Adjustment of angle-selective reflector skin and interior test piece)
Further, thereafter, the same operation as in Example 1 was performed to obtain a 500 mm square angle selective reflector and a test piece.
[0045]
(Example 4)
(Adjustment of angle selection transparent sheet)
As a light-shielding louver material, a retroreflective sheet made of Sumitomo 3M Scotch Light Capsule Lens-type reflective sheet was used, and a black matte paint was applied to its back surface to a thickness of about 10 μm to adjust to a light-absorbing surface. Other operations were the same as in Example 1 to obtain a louver type angle selective transmission material having a retroreflective light-reflecting surface and a light-absorbing surface.
[0046]
(Adjustment of angle-selective reflector skin and interior test piece)
Further, the same operation as in Example 1 was followed to obtain a 500 mm square angle selective reflector and a test piece.
[0047]
(Example 5)
(Adjustment of angle-selective transparent sheet and interior test piece)
In the same manner as in Example 1, a louver-type angle selective transmission material having a light reflective surface by aluminum deposition on one side and a black light absorbing surface on the other side was obtained.
[0048]
(Adjustment of angle-selective reflector skin)
The angle selective transmission material obtained by the previous method was coated with a urethane paint using titanium dioxide as a pigment as a reflection layer in a thickness of about 30 μm to form a scattering reflective reflective layer 5. Moreover, the transparent urethane coating containing the frosting powder for preventing the reflection of the surface was apply | coated to the surface on the opposite side which apply | coated the reflective layer. In this way, a 500 mm square angle selective reflection sheet was obtained. Thereafter, a test piece was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
[0049]
(Comparative Example 1)
A soft vinyl chloride black, skinned instrument panel skin used in current vehicles was cut into 500 squares and used. Thereafter, a test piece was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
[0050]
(Comparative Example 2)
A white urethane paint using titanium dioxide as a pigment was applied to the surface of the black skin used in Comparative Example 1 to a thickness of about 30 μm to form a scattering reflective reflective layer 5. This was cut into 500 squares and used. Thereafter, a test piece was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
[0051]
(Measurement and evaluation method)
(Performance evaluation)
About the obtained test piece, the artificial solar radiation test for evaluating the performance of surface temperature rise prevention, and the sensory evaluation which evaluates a visual field were performed.
[0052]
Also, in order to verify the effect in the actual vehicle, the vinyl chloride resin skin and foamed urethane layer on the upper instrument panel of the vehicle were actually removed in a size of 500 × 500, and the skin material obtained in Example 1 on the exposed substrate surface Was pasted with a room temperature dry rubber adhesive, and compared with the current parts in an environmental test room.
[0053]
(Artificial solar radiation test (20 ° incidence))
An angle-selective reflector test piece 24 cut into a 300 mm square is installed in a heat insulation box 25 shown in FIG. 16, and further an automotive green glass 3.5 mmt (sunlight transmittance 60%, according to JIS R3106) 22 simulating a window glass. It was installed at a distance of about 100 mm from the test piece and simulated a temperature rise in the passenger compartment. With respect to the installation of the test piece, it was assumed that the solar radiation in the summer from the front of the instrument panel was assumed, and it was tilted by 20 degrees and the reflection surface of the light-shielding wall (louver) 42 was directed toward the light source. A thermocouple 23 was installed on the surface of the laminate so that the temperature change of the test piece could be measured. A solar simulator (made by Celic Co., Ltd.) 21 consisting of 4 500 W artificial solar lighting lamps was installed above the sample, and the irradiation energy on the glass surface was 767 W / m. 2 It was adjusted to become. The measurement was performed in a room adjusted to 25 ° C., 60 minutes after the start of light irradiation on the sample, when the temperature rise on the sample surface almost reached equilibrium.
[0054]
(Artificial solar radiation test (45 ° incidence))
Using the experimental apparatus shown in FIG. 7, the test piece was installed at an angle of 45 ° on the assumption of slightly oblique solar radiation at 9 am or around 3 pm in the summer from the front of the instrument panel. After that, the temperature was measured in the same manner as in the 20 ° test.
[0055]
(Regular reflection sensory evaluation)
As shown in FIG. 17, an unmolded flat plate (500 mm × 500 mm) 22 of green glass for automobile windows 3.5 mmt (sunlight transmittance 60%, according to JIS R3106) is placed on a black lasha paper 27 at an angle of 30 ° from the horizontal. Install and irradiate a 500 W solar simulator (manufactured by Celic Co., Ltd.) 211 from a position of about 1 m across the test piece 24 from the position of the occupant's viewpoint 26 to determine the degree of reflection from the angle selective reflector test piece 24. Visual evaluation was made. A level that is not inferior to that of the conventional example was evaluated as ◯, a slightly dazzling level, but the level was slight.
[0056]
(Sensory evaluation of window reflection)
As shown in FIG. 18, an unmolded flat plate (500 mm × 500 mm) 22 of green glass for automobile windows 3.5 mmt (sunlight transmittance 60%, according to JIS R3106) is placed on a black lasha paper 27 at an angle of 30 ° from the horizontal. Installed, irradiated 500W solar simulator (made by Celic Co., Ltd.) 212 from a height of about 2m, adjusted the illuminance at the test piece position to 6000 lux, and reflected on the angle selective reflector test piece 24 Was visually evaluated. A level that is not inferior to that of the conventional example is shown as ◯, slightly reflected to a slight extent, a level that does not matter much is considered as △, and a level that is clearly transparent and impairs the visibility is determined as X.
[0057]
(Evaluation according to vehicle mounting condition)
The instrument panel upper surface flat portion is 300 × 300 mm in size, the skin and the urethane foam layer are peeled off, and the laminate of the angle selective reflection skin and the urethane foam sheet prepared in Example 1 is cut out to the same size and dried at room temperature. The rubber adhesive was used to adhere to the peeled portion of the instrument panel. The vehicle is installed in an environmental test room having an infrared lamp and an air blower / air conditioner as shown in FIG. 18, the environment is set under the following conditions, soaked for 60 minutes, and then the surface of the instrument panel with a thermocouple. The temperature was measured.
[0058]
As a comparison, the temperature of the unpeeled part of the vehicle instrument panel, that is, the current skin part, was measured simultaneously.
Solar radiation intensity: 767 W / m2
Temperature: 35 ° C
Humidity: 70% RH
Wind speed: 0.8 m / sec
(Evaluation results)
Table 1 shows the evaluation results.
[Table 1]
Figure 2005001235
In the artificial solar radiation test in which the sample was placed at 20 °, all of Examples 1 to 5 were able to suppress the temperature rise in an environment where the temperature of the current epidermis was 88 ° C. In particular, Example 1 uses a regular reflection surface with good reflection efficiency for one surface of the light shielding wall (louver) 42 and the reflection layer, and thus the effect of temperature reduction is as great as 24 ° C. In Example 2, since both surfaces of the light-shielding wall (louver) 42 are absorptive surfaces, the area contributing to reflection cannot be increased so much that the temperature drop is about 10 ° C. In Example 3 and Example 5, since the diffuse reflection surface was used, a part of the reflected light was absorbed by the absorption surface of the light shielding wall (louver) 42, and the temperature lowering effect was slightly smaller than in Example 1. In Example 4, since the retroreflectivity is not high (about 55%), the temperature lowering effect is still smaller than Example 1.
[0059]
In the artificial solar radiation test in which the sample was set at 45 °, the temperature of the current epidermis was slightly lowered to an environment of about 82 ° C. In the test of this angle, the temperature lowering effect was not obtained in Example 2 where the effective reflection angle a was small. In addition, since Example 1 is not an embodiment having a very large effective reflection area, the temperature reduction effect was about 4 ° C. On the other hand, in Examples 3, 4, and 5 using scattering reflection and retroreflection, since the effective reflection angle was large, a temperature lowering effect of 7 ° C. to 12 ° C. and larger than that of Example 1 was obtained.
[0060]
In the regular reflection sensory evaluation test, in Examples 1 to 5, the regular reflection of the reflective layer is well cut, and the surface reflection of the angle selective reflection sheet is also effective in the antireflection treatment so that the visual field is obstructed. There was no reflected light. On the other hand, the surface of Comparative Example 2 was a white scattering reflection surface, but the light in the regular reflection direction was somewhat strong and felt somewhat dazzling.
[0061]
In the window reflection sensory evaluation test, in Examples 1, 2, and 4, the window reflection was well suppressed and good visibility was obtained. In Example 3, the diffuse reflection of the light-shielding wall (louver) 42 slightly brightened the instrument panel surface and felt brighter than the current epidermis, but the visibility was not hindered. In Example 5, although the white color tone of the reflective layer was slightly reflected, it was very small compared to the reflected area of the black painted surface of the light shielding wall (louver) 42, and the visibility was not hindered.
[0062]
In the actual vehicle evaluation, a temperature reduction effect of about 20 ° C. was obtained, similar to the result of the previous test piece. From this, it became clear that the present invention is effective even in an actual vehicle.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a structure in which a reflection layer is laminated on a sheet having angle selective transparency.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating reflection characteristics depending on an incident angle of light.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a structure in which a louver structure in which opaque light shielding walls are regularly arranged on a transparent resin sheet is laminated with a reinforcing film.
FIG. 4 is a view showing a structure in which a light shielding wall is provided on one side of a sawtooth of a transparent sheet having a sawtooth cross section.
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an effective reflection angle in an angle selective reflection material.
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a structure of an angle selective reflection sheet in which a passenger-side surface of a light-shielding wall (louver) is a light-absorbing surface and a vehicle-external surface is a light-reflective surface.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a window projection line of sight in an angle selective reflection sheet.
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an enlargement of the reflection angle when the surface of the vehicle outer surface is a light reflective surface.
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an enlargement of an effective reflection angle when a louver angle is provided.
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a structure in which a high-lightness paint is applied and a scattering reflective surface is formed on the reflective surface of the louver.
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a structure in which a retroreflective material is used on a light-shielding wall (louver) reflective surface.
FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an enlargement of an effective reflection angle when a retroreflective material is used for the reflective surface of the light shielding wall (louver).
FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a structure in the case where the light reflective surface on the vehicle exterior side is made to be scattering reflective in FIG. 6;
FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an enlargement of the effective reflection angle when the light reflective surface on the vehicle exterior side is made to be scattering reflective.
FIG. 15 is a view showing a structure in which an antireflection layer is provided on the outermost surface of the angle selective reflector in FIG.
FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an experimental apparatus in an artificial solar radiation test.
FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an experimental apparatus for specular reflection sensory evaluation and window reflection sensory evaluation.
FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an experimental apparatus that performs vehicle mounting state evaluation.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Window shield
3 Angle selective transparency sheet
5 reflective layers
10 Crew perspective
11 Direct line of sight to instrument panel
12 Window sight line to louver
13 Window reflection line of sight to the reflective layer
21 Solar Simulator
211 Artificial Sunlight
212 Artificial solar light
213 Solar simulator
22 Automotive glass
23 Thermocouple
24 Angle Selective Reflector Sample
25 Insulation box
26 viewpoints
27 Black Rasha paper
30 Sun (High solar radiation light source)
31 The sun (low solar light source)
41 Transparent resin film
42 Shading wall (louver)
43 Reinforcing film
44 Light-absorbing surface
45 Light reflective surface
46 Scattered reflective surfaces
47 Retroreflective surface
48 sawtooth sheet
a Effective reflection angle
b Non-reflective angle
c Magnification due to louver reflective surface
d Enlargement due to louver angle
e Enlargement by retroreflection

Claims (11)

角度選択透過性を有するシートに、反射層を積層したことを特徴とする角度選択反射表皮材。An angle-selective reflective skin material, wherein a reflective layer is laminated on a sheet having angle-selective transparency. 請求項1に記載の角度選択反射表皮材において、
角度選択透過性を有するシートが、透明樹脂中に遮光壁が設置されてなるシートであることを特徴とする角度選択反射表皮材。
In the angle selective reflection skin material according to claim 1,
An angle-selective reflective skin material, wherein the sheet having angle-selective transparency is a sheet in which a light shielding wall is installed in a transparent resin.
請求項2に記載の角度選択反射表皮材において、
前記遮光壁の片側の面が光吸収性表面であり、その反対面が光反射性表面であることを特徴とする角度選択反射表皮材。
In the angle selective reflection skin material according to claim 2,
An angle-selective reflective skin material, wherein one surface of the light shielding wall is a light-absorbing surface and the opposite surface is a light-reflecting surface.
請求項3に記載の角度選択反射表皮材において、
前記遮光壁の光反射性表面が、マンセル明度で5.0以上に着色されてなることを特徴とする角度選択反射表皮材。
In the angle selective reflection skin material according to claim 3,
An angle-selective reflective skin material, wherein the light-reflective surface of the light-shielding wall is colored 5.0 or more in Munsell brightness.
請求項3に記載の角度選択反射表皮材において、
前記遮光壁の光反射性表面が、マンセル明度で6.0以上に着色された散乱反射性表面であることを特徴とする角度選択反射表皮材。
In the angle selective reflection skin material according to claim 3,
An angle selective reflection skin material, wherein the light reflective surface of the light shielding wall is a scattering reflective surface colored with a Munsell brightness of 6.0 or more.
請求項3に記載の角度選択反射表皮材において、
前記遮光壁の光反射性表面が、金属蒸着膜、金属スパッタ膜、金属箔、金属箔を分散した塗膜、あるいはそれらを樹脂フィルムに付着させた反射フィルムから選ばれる少なくとも1種からなる正反射性表面であることを特徴とする角度選択反射表皮材。
In the angle selective reflection skin material according to claim 3,
The light-reflecting surface of the light-shielding wall is a regular reflection composed of at least one selected from a metal vapor-deposited film, a metal sputtered film, a metal foil, a coating film in which a metal foil is dispersed, or a reflective film in which they are attached to a resin film. Angle-selective reflective skin material, characterized by having a neutral surface.
請求項3に記載の角度選択反射表皮材において、
前記遮光壁の光反射性表面が、再帰反射性表面であることを特徴とする角度選択反射表皮材。
In the angle selective reflection skin material according to claim 3,
An angle selective reflection skin material, wherein the light reflective surface of the light shielding wall is a retroreflective surface.
請求項1ないし7いずれかに記載の角度選択反射表皮材において、
前記反射層が、マンセル明度で6.0以上に着色された散乱反射性表面であることを特徴とする角度選択反射表皮材。
In the angle selective reflection skin material according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
An angle-selective reflective skin material, wherein the reflective layer is a scattering reflective surface colored with a Munsell brightness of 6.0 or more.
請求項1ないし7いずれかに記載の角度選択反射表皮材において、
前記反射層が、金属蒸着膜、金属スパッタ膜、金属箔、金属箔を分散した塗膜、あるいはそれらを樹脂フィルムに付着させた反射フィルムから選ばれる少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする角度選択反射表皮材。
In the angle selective reflection skin material according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
Angle selection, wherein the reflective layer is at least one selected from a metal vapor-deposited film, a metal sputtered film, a metal foil, a coating film in which the metal foil is dispersed, or a reflective film in which they are attached to a resin film Reflective skin material.
請求項1ないし9いずれかに記載の角度選択表皮反射材において、
表面に反射防止層を設けたことを特徴とする角度選択反射表皮材。
In the angle selection skin reflecting material according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
An angle selective reflection skin material, characterized in that an antireflection layer is provided on the surface.
請求項1ないし10項に記載の角度選択反射表皮材を、インストルメントパネル、ドアトリム、リアパーセルシェルフ、ピラーガーニッシュ、ハンドルのより選ばれる少なくとも一種に用いることを特徴とする車両。11. A vehicle using the angle-selective reflective skin material according to claim 1 for at least one selected from an instrument panel, a door trim, a rear parcel shelf, a pillar garnish, and a steering wheel.
JP2003167016A 2003-06-11 2003-06-11 Angle selective reflection skin material and vehicle using the same Expired - Fee Related JP4211502B2 (en)

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