JP4155020B2 - vehicle - Google Patents

Description

【００６１】
このように、本発明の実施例においては、従来例に比較して車室内温度が大きく低下した。これらは、車内の断熱効果に優れるため乗員の居住性を快適にするばかりか、車両の冷房負荷を低減することができるので、燃費の低減、CO₂の削減にも大いに貢献するものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】再帰反射材を用いた内装材での反射を示した模式図である。
【図２】再帰反射材での反射機構を示した側断面模式図である。
【図３】立体プリズム式再帰反射材を示した側断面模式図である。
【図４】立体プリズムの概形を示した模式図である。
【図５】内装材の車両での適用例を示した模式図である。
【図６】スカイライン(V35)の概略図である。
【図７】マーチ(K12)の概略図である。
【図８】セレナ(C24)の概略図である。
【図９】プリメーラワゴン(WP11)の概略図である。
【図１０】インストルメントパネルに再帰反射塗料を塗布した断面模式図である。
【図１１】インストルメントパネルに再帰反射塗料を塗布し、樹脂シートを敷設した断面模式図である。
【図１２】インストルメントパネルに立体プリズムを設置し、樹脂シートを敷設した断面模式図である。
【図１３】インストルメントパネルに立体プリズムを設置し、高透過率樹脂シートを敷設した断面模式図である。
【図１４】インストルメントパネルに立体プリズムを設置し、反射防止シートを敷設した断面模式図である。
【図１５】車両評価装置の模式図である。
【図１６】車両評価時のセンサー設置位置を示した模式図である。
【符号の説明】
１ 内装材
２ ガラス
３ 天井材
５ 再帰反射材
１２，３２ ガラスビーズ
１３，３４ 立体プリズム
２１，３１ インストルメントパネル
２２ シート
２３ ドアトリム
２４ リアパーセル
２５ ハンドル
２６ センターコンソール
２６，２７，２８，２９ 日射照射窓
３１ インストルメントパネル
４１ 人工太陽灯[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an interior material for the purpose of heat insulation for maintaining comfort in a passenger compartment during parking in hot weather, and a reduction in heat load on a human body, and a vehicle using the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a light / heat intrusion route to a room in a building or a car, mainly glass and a large area wall can be cited. Among them, in the case of a vehicle, the intrusion from the ceiling, windshield (windshield), rear glass, front side glass, rear side glass, and sunroof is also very large. Light and heat entering from these parts warm indoor interior materials such as instrument panels, seats, door trims, rear parcels, handles, and center consoles in vehicles.
[0003]
These warm interior materials warm the room air. In the case of a vehicle parked under hot weather in the summer, the passenger compartment is exposed to high temperatures that rise above 70 ° C. , Leading to an increase in CO2 emissions.
[0004]
In view of these phenomena, in recent years, various vehicles have adopted technologies aimed at shielding light and heat energy flowing into the vehicle and reducing the temperature rise and cooling load in the passenger compartment. Reducing the thermal load in the passenger compartment reduces human discomfort, reduces fuel consumption, improves fuel economy due to weight reduction by downsizing air conditioners, and contributes to the protection of the global environment. .
[0005]
As a countermeasure against such heat, as an example in which a vehicle is provided with an optical reflection function, there is “vehicle multilayer glass” described in Patent Document 1 in which reflection on a window glass is considered. In this example, the window glass is provided with a reflection function to prevent ultraviolet rays from entering the passenger compartment.
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
Patent No. 3315453 [0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the windshield and front side glass must have a visible light transmittance (Tv) of 70% or more according to the law. Therefore, if this standard is ensured, only a solar reflectance (Re) of about 20 to 30% is obtained for the reflection function, and further improvement in performance cannot be expected. Needless to say, this windshield and front side glass have a very large area as a light intrusion route, and the fact that there is no further countermeasure at this part requires countermeasures by other means. Means. The values of solar reflectance (Re), solar transmittance (Te), visible light reflectance (Rv), and visible light transmittance (Tv) described in the present invention are in accordance with JIS R3106. It is measured.
[0008]
In addition, by using a general specular reflection material, it is possible not to warm the interior material itself for which the countermeasure has been taken. However, the light reflected by the regular reflection material only irradiates other interior parts, and as a result, the temperature in the passenger compartment increases.
[0009]
As described above, in a closed space such as a room or a vehicle, even if a reflector is installed unnecessarily, incident light is absorbed by some member, and the temperature in the room rises.
[0010]
In order to solve these problems, the object of the present invention is to optimize the arrangement of materials, to reduce the temperature of the interior of the building, when the vehicle is stopped in hot weather, to reduce the thermal load on the human body, and to cool down It was made for the purpose of reducing the air conditioner load.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention has solved the above problems by using a retroreflective material for the structure of the interior material, that is, the skin layer constituting the interior material.
[0012]
【The invention's effect】
In the present invention, by using a retroreflective material as an interior material, it becomes possible to reflect light in the same direction as the incident light, thereby reducing the temperature in the room, reducing the thermal load on the human body, and the air conditioner during cool down The load can be reduced.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is described in detail below.
In the present invention, first, the interior material has a new structure, that is, the retroreflective material is used for the skin layer constituting the interior material, thereby preventing an increase in the temperature of the interior material itself and reducing the increase in the indoor temperature. It was possible.
[0014]
The retroreflective material referred to here is a reflective material having glass beads or a fine three-dimensional prism structure (corner cube), and is generally used for improving the visibility of road signs, signboards, and the like. The retroreflective material has a property of reflecting incident light in the irradiation direction regardless of the light irradiation direction, so that the sunlight irradiated to the interior part is reflected in the direction of the sun and does not irradiate other interior parts. . The inventor of the present invention pays attention to these functions of the retroreflective material and has found that it is used for heat countermeasures.
[0015]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing reflection on an interior material using a retroreflective material. 1 is a vehicle interior material, 2 is glass, 3 is a ceiling material, and 5 is a retroreflective material. The skin layer as used herein refers to a layer on the surface of the interior material 1, and is a layer that is installed on a surface that is exposed to solar radiation when the solar radiation hits the interior material 1. By using the retroreflecting material 5 for the skin layer of the interior material 1 in this configuration, the light that has once entered the room is reflected in the direction of the light source, so that not only the countermeasured interior material itself is not warmed. Without taking measures, the interior material is released outside without heating.
[0016]
(Retroreflective material with glass beads and resin beads)
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration in which glass beads 12 (or resin beads) are provided as an example in which the retroreflective material is provided in the interior material. As shown by the arrows in FIG. 2, the solar glass beads, by the optical properties of the resin beads, Ru is reflected in the incident direction regardless of its incident direction. This principle is known as retroreflective properties, and paints containing glass beads are widely used as light reflecting paints for road signs, clothing for improving visibility, safety products such as shoes, and the like.
[0017]
The glass beads and resin beads referred to here are transparent spheres of glass or resin and have a size of about 10 μm to 1 mm.
[0018]
(Retroreflective material with solid prism)
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration in which a three-dimensional prism 13 is provided as an example in which the retroreflective material is provided in an interior material. The three-dimensional prism as used herein refers to a structure having a plane in which three, four, or six triangles face each other while having an angle. The surface is approximately 0.05 to 0.5 mm in size. Of these, the three-dimensional prism has three reflecting surfaces that are perpendicular to each other, with one corner of the cube cut off as shown in FIG. 4, and the light is regularly reflected once by the three surfaces and then again in the incident direction. Get out. The triangular surface of the three-dimensional prism has a function of reflecting in the incident direction regardless of the incident direction of incident light, and higher retroreflective performance than glass beads and resin beads can be obtained.
[0019]
It is preferable to use a resin to form the solid prism. Forming with resin is superior to materials such as metals and ceramics in terms of processability, economy, market availability, and recyclability.
[0020]
The resins used for forming these are mainly thermoplastic resins such as styrene, methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, polycarbonate, polybutadiene, polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate, thermoplastic polyurethane of tetramethylene glycol ether, and aliphatic polyamides such as nylon 66. Polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyetheretherketone, polypropylene, etc., and these are preferably used from the viewpoint of processability, economy, market availability, recyclability, etc. Here, no particular limitation is made.
[0021]
[Configuration of interior material with retroreflective function]
In order to obtain a configuration having the retroreflective function on the surface of the interior material 1 described above, a method of applying the glass beads 12 and the three-dimensional prism 13 or a retroreflective sheet in which the glass beads 12 and the three-dimensional prism 13 are formed into a sheet shape in advance are used. There are a method of installing on the surface of the interior material and a method of printing a prism structure on the surface when producing the interior material.
[0022]
Examples of commercially available sheets with glass beads printed on the retroreflective layer include the Sumitomo 3M Scotch Light Capsule Lens Reflective Sheet, Nippon Carbide Industries Nikka Light Capsule Lens High Brightness Sheet, and Encapsulated Lens Recursion. A reflective sheet etc. are mentioned.
[0023]
In order to form the three-dimensional prism on the interior material, it is possible to use a method of forming the surface of the interior material by three-dimensional printing, a method of stacking preprinted sheets, a method of forming at the time of forming the laminate, and the like. Is preferred.
[0024]
Examples of commercially available sheets with a three-dimensional prism having a retroreflective layer printed thereon include Sumitomo 3M Scotchlite Diamond Grade and Nippon Carbide Industries Nikkalite Crystal Grade.
[0025]
(Lamination on top surface)
Next, as a preferred configuration, the performance is further improved by laminating the retroreflective material 5 on the outermost layer. In order to maximize the performance of the retroreflective material, it is preferably used for the outermost layer of the interior material. By using it as the outermost layer, the light absorbed by the surface of the retroreflective material can be minimized, and the temperature rise in the room can be further reduced (corresponding to claim 2).
[0026]
It is also preferable to laminate the retroreflective material below the light transmission layer. If the installation of the aforementioned outermost surface difficult, under the light transmission layer, also by laminating a retro-reflective material, Ru can be sufficiently exhibited performance. As the light transmitting layer referred to here, a commonly used highly transparent resin (solar radiation transmittance of 60% or more) can be used.
[0027]
Further suitable examples include highly light-transmitting resins (eg, Asahi Glass Cytop, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), etc.), antireflection films, antireflection filters (eg Asahi Glass ARCTOP, Toray E-Filter, etc.) ), Etc., by using a material that has been processed to make the solar transmittance greater than that of general transparent resin materials, the indoor temperature can be further lowered, and furthermore, reflection on the glass surface can be prevented, and to passengers It can also have the function of direct reflection prevention toward. In vehicles, this reflection is often a problem. In general, if the surface of the interior material is brightly colored or white paper is placed, it may be reflected on the glass surface, resulting in poor visibility. As means for solving this, With this configuration, the improvement of thermal performance, Ru can be applied both functions of preventing glare.
[0028]
To improve the performance while protecting the retroreflective layer by laminating and applying these materials, high light transmissive resin and antireflection film on the surface, and antireflection filter on the retroreflective material. Can do. In general, these materials are used in storefront displays, building glass, glasses, sunglasses, and other parts where it is desired to transmit light more clearly or where images are clearly displayed. By making use of the light transmittance and antireflection properties of these materials and laminating them on the upper layer of the retroreflective material, the reflection function can be extracted more efficiently.
[0029]
[Application of interior materials with retroreflective material to vehicles]
FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view showing the interior of the vehicle. The above-described interior material is used for at least one part selected from the vehicle instrument panel 21, the seat 22, the door trim 23, the rear parcel 24, the handle 25, and the center console 26 for a part or all of the part area. That is preferred. As described above, these parts are parts that are directly irradiated with solar radiation among the interior members in the vehicle interior. At a site closer to the input heat source, to carry out the measures of the present invention, losses due to absorption, that is less likely to warm the interior material, Ru can be reduced more effectively the temperature in the passenger compartment.
[0030]
[Glass characteristics of vehicles]
In a vehicle using an interior material, as shown in FIG. 5, the solar radiation transmittance (Te) of part or all of the solar radiation windows 26, 27, 28, 29 to the interior material is set to 60 to 90%. Ru suitable der.
[0031]
In general, currently used vehicle glass has a solar transmittance of 60% or less. This is designed to lower the indoor temperature by reducing the transmittance of solar radiation incident on the passenger compartment, but as mentioned above, the glass itself absorbs solar radiation when the vehicle is stopped. Incurs a rise in temperature. By setting it to 60% or more, the absorption of the glass itself is reduced, and the temperature rise can be suppressed. Not only that, the amount of irradiation to the retroreflective material used for the interior material also increases, but the amount released to the outside of the passenger compartment can be increased, and this combination is a closed system vehicle in order to lower the room temperature. It is very suitable for buildings and the like. If it is 90% or more, the effect of ultraviolet irradiation into the room becomes large, so it is not good.
[0032]
As these glass materials, commonly used glass can be applied. Of course, it may be transparent colorless or colored glass, laminated glass or the like. In addition, for example, clear glass, green glass, bronze glass, gray glass, blue glass, UV cut heat insulating glass, heat ray absorbing glass, tempered glass, and the like can be used in combinations within a range that satisfies the above-described conditions.
[0033]
Of course, it is possible for the glass itself to have a function of absorbing and reflecting heat rays within the above-mentioned range, and it may have other functions (antibacterial, deodorizing, etc.).
[0034]
(Specific application examples for vehicles)
[0035]
Using these vehicle interior materials for vehicles is very suitable as a solution to the problem of the present invention. Vehicles with these configurations are suitable for vehicle types such as sedans, compact cars, minivans, wagons, etc. as shown in FIGS. 6 to 9 and of course, such as light cars, coupes, SUVs, 1BOX, 2BOX, vans, trucks, etc. A sufficient effect can be obtained even in a vehicle.
[0036]
(Example)
Next, examples of the present invention and comparative examples as conventional examples will be described.
[0037]
(Example 1)
As a vehicle, a Nissan skyline (R34) shown in FIG. 8 was prepared. As shown in FIG. 10, glass beads 32 having a particle diameter of 0.5 mm were applied to the instrument panel 31 and used as an interior material in the vehicle. The windshield was a laminated glass of green glasses and used for evaluation.
[0038]
(Example 2)
As shown in FIG. 11, an interior material in which a retroreflective sheet in which a surface using glass beads 32 having a particle diameter of 0.3 mm is covered with a transparent resin (acrylic) 33 is used as the skin layer of the interior material. Was used for evaluation in the same manner as in Example 1 except that was used for the vehicle.
[0039]
(Example 3)
As shown in FIG. 12, a retroreflective sheet in which a surface using a solid prism 34 having a side size of 0.2 mm is covered with a transparent resin (acrylic) 33 on an instrument panel 31 is used as a skin layer of an interior material. It was used for evaluation in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the used interior material was used for the vehicle.
[0040]
Example 4
As shown in FIG. 13, evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the interior material was used as a retroreflective sheet in which the outermost surface of the instrument panel 31 was covered with a high-transmittance resin (Cytop manufactured by Asahi Glass). Using.
[0041]
(Example 5)
As shown in FIG. 14, it was used for evaluation in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the interior material was used as a retroreflective sheet in which the outermost surface of the instrument panel 31 was covered with an antireflection sheet (ARCTOP manufactured by Asahi Glass) 36. It was.
[0042]
(Example 6)
It was used for evaluation in the same manner as in Example 3 except that a laminated glass having a transparent glass on the outdoor side and a green glass on the indoor side was used for the windshield.
[0043]
(Example 7)
It was used for evaluation in the same manner as Example 3 except that a laminated glass of transparent glasses was used for the windshield.
[0044]
(Example 8)
The instrument panel 31 was used for evaluation in the same manner as in Example 7 except that the outermost surface of the instrument panel 31 was a retroreflective sheet covered with an antireflection sheet (ARCTOP manufactured by Asahi Glass).
[0045]
Example 9
The laminated glass was used for evaluation in the same manner as in Example 7 except that the interlayer film of the laminated glass was changed and the glass whose solar transmittance was adjusted to 52.3 was used.
[0046]
(Example 10)
It was used in the same manner as in Example 7 except that the windshield was composed of a single transparent glass.
[0047]
(Example 11)
The configuration of the skin material of the rear parcel was the configuration of Example 3, and a vehicle in which the rear glass was green glass was prepared and used for evaluation.
[0048]
(Example 12)
The structure of the cover material of the door trim was the same as that of Example 3, and a vehicle with front side glass and rear side glass as transparent glass was prepared and used for evaluation.
[0049]
(Example 13)
The skin material of the instrument panel, rear parcel, center console, and door trim was the same as that of Example 3, and glass beads were applied to the seat and handle in the same manner as in Example 1. For the front glass, a transparent glass laminated glass, front side glass, rear side glass, and rear glass as a transparent glass were prepared and used for evaluation.
[0050]
(Comparative Example 1)
As a general vehicle configuration, a vehicle using vinyl chloride as the skin of the vehicle interior material and laminated glass made of green glass as the glass was used for evaluation.
[0051]
(Comparative Example 2)
A vehicle similar to that in Example 1 was used for evaluation except that an aluminum foil having a regular reflection function was used for the skin of the vehicle interior material.
[0052]
(Comparative Example 3)
A vehicle similar to Example 1 was used for evaluation, except that a white non-woven fabric (Toyobo spunbond, trade name Ecule) was used for the skin of the vehicle interior material.
[0053]
(Comparative Example 4)
A vehicle similar to Comparative Example 1 was used for evaluation except that a heat ray reflective glass made of Sumitomo 3M and a heat ray reflective film (SRF1100) was used as the glass.
[0054]
〔Evaluation methods〕
[0055]
The following measurement and evaluation were performed for the thermal performance in the passenger compartment of the obtained vehicle. The method for evaluating the optical performance of the retroreflective material with ordinary optical equipment is defined in JIS Z 9117, but there is no direct correlation between the optical performance obtained by this method and the thermal performance of the present invention. The effects of the present invention were evaluated by the following methods.
[0056]
(Measurement and evaluation method)
(Optical characteristics of windshield, side glass, rear glass)
Visible light transmittance (Tv) and solar radiation transmittance (Te) were measured according to JIS R 3106 using a spectrophotometer (Hitachi U-4000).
[0057]
(Vehicle thermal characteristics)
FIG. 15 shows a schematic view of an apparatus for evaluating how much the solar radiation hitting the vehicle warms the passenger compartment. The amount of sunlight by the artificial sun lamp 41 was set to 1000 W / m ² simulating a hot summer sun. The temperature at the position near the driver's seat head (around 15 cm forward from the headrest, see FIG. 16) was measured using a Vaisala thermohygrometer (HMP233LD) and a K-type thermocouple. In addition, the external temperature of the vehicle was set to 35 ° C., and the temperature 2 hours after the start of artificial solar lamp irradiation was used as a result.
[0058]
In addition, as a reference value, using the same measuring equipment as described above, the vehicle of Comparative Example 1 and other examples were arranged in pairs under the summer heat, and the temperature was measured.
[0059]
(Effect of Example)
Table 1 shows the results obtained by the evaluation method described above. In the evaluation result of the artificial solar lamp, as the thermal characteristics, the temperature in the passenger compartment is 10 ° C. or more lower than that in Comparative Example 1, and the temperature drop is less than 10 ° C. or 5 ° C. or less. Those that were less than 5 ° C and 0.5 ° C or more were indicated by Δ, and those that were lower than 0.5 ° C were indicated by x.
[0060]
(Table 1)

[0061]
Thus, in the Example of this invention, the vehicle interior temperature fell significantly compared with the prior art example. These are excellent in the heat insulation effect in the vehicle, so that not only the comfort of passengers can be made comfortable, but also the cooling load of the vehicle can be reduced, which greatly contributes to the reduction of fuel consumption and CO ₂ .
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing reflection in an interior material using a retroreflective material.
FIG. 2 is a schematic side sectional view showing a reflection mechanism in a retroreflective material.
FIG. 3 is a schematic side sectional view showing a three-dimensional prism type retroreflective material.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing an outline of a three-dimensional prism.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing an application example of an interior material in a vehicle.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a skyline (V35).
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a march (K12).
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a serena (C24).
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a primer wagon (WP11).
FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a retroreflective coating applied to an instrument panel.
FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view in which a retroreflective coating is applied to an instrument panel and a resin sheet is laid.
FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view in which a solid prism is installed on an instrument panel and a resin sheet is laid.
FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view in which a three-dimensional prism is installed on an instrument panel and a high transmittance resin sheet is laid.
FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view in which a solid prism is installed on an instrument panel and an antireflection sheet is laid.
FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle evaluation device.
FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram showing a sensor installation position during vehicle evaluation.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Interior material 2 Glass 3 Ceiling material 5 Retroreflective material 12, 32 Glass beads 13, 34 Three-dimensional prism 21, 31 Instrument panel 22 Seat 23 Door trim 24 Rear parcel 25 Handle 26 Center console 26, 27, 28, 29 Solar radiation window 31 Instrument Panel 41 Artificial Sunlight

Claims (5)

In vehicles equipped with interior materials,
A retroreflective material is installed under the light transmission layer of the skin layer that forms the interior material,
The light transmittance layer, Ri Do from high transmittance resin,
A vehicle characterized in that the solar radiation transmittance of a part or all of the solar radiation window to the interior material is 60 to 90 % . In vehicles equipped with interior materials,
A retroreflective material is installed under the light transmission layer of the skin layer that forms the interior material,
The light transmittance layer, antireflection agents, and / or Ri layer der was laid antireflection film,
A vehicle characterized in that the solar radiation transmittance of a part or all of the solar radiation window to the interior material is 60 to 90 % . The vehicle according to claim 1 or 2,
A vehicle wherein glass beads and / or resin beads are used in the retroreflective material. The vehicle according to claim 1 or 2,
A vehicle using a three-dimensional prism made of resin as the retroreflective layer. In the vehicle according to claim 1 to 4 ,
Vehicles the interior material, instrument panel, seat, door trim, rear parcel, handle, at least one location selected from among the center console, characterized by using part or all for the part area.

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