JP3932900B2 - Interior parts - Google Patents

Description

【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 従来の代表的なインスツルメントパネルの表皮構造の断面模式図である。
【図２】 本発明の表皮構造体の代表例を示す断面模式図である。
【図３】 本発明の表皮構造体の一例を示す断面模式図である。
【図４】 図３に示される表皮構造体から光線透過層を除いた表皮構造体を示す断面模式図である。
【図５】 本発明の表皮構造体のその他の例を示す断面模式図である。
【図６】 図５に示される表皮構造体から光線透過層を除いた表皮構造体を示す断面模式図である。
【図７】 本発明の表皮構造体の別の例を示す断面模式図である。
【図８】 図７に示される表皮構造体から光線透過層を除いた表皮構造体を示す断面模式図である。
【図９】 人工日射試験の評価法を説明する模式図である。
【図１０】 窓映り官能評価法を説明する模式図である。
【符号の説明】
１…空間保持層
２…低明度層
３…基材
４…低明度基材
５…低明度空間保持層
６…光線透過層
７…塩ビ表皮
８…発砲ウレタンクッション層[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to interior materials and parts for reducing the feeling of heat in summer and providing a comfortable thermal environment, and in particular, to reduce the temperature rise of the interior of a parked vehicle under hot weather and the reduction of hot air radiated to passengers therefrom. The present invention relates to a target skin structure and interior parts using the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As is well known, the interior of a car parked in a hot weather environment is extremely hot, and in the measurement example of the summer environment in Japan, the indoor air temperature reaches approximately 70 ° C. It reaches nearly 100 ° C on the upper surface of the panel. It goes without saying that the passengers feel uncomfortable when riding in such a situation, but the interior material surface temperature does not drop easily even after the ventilation or cooling is activated, and the radiant heat continues to be radiated to the occupant over a long period of time, greatly reducing comfort. Yes.
[0003]
Conventionally, with respect to the problem of parking under the sun, many methods for ventilating using a solar cell or the like have been proposed as disclosed in, for example, JP-A-9-295509. However, it has been confirmed that these proposals only contribute to reducing the above-mentioned discomfort by only exchanging a small part of the air in the passenger compartment with the outside air. In particular, it does not make any sense to the emission of hot air from the interior material.
[0004]
For the purpose of preventing the surface of the interior material from being heated, a method of reflecting near-infrared light by incorporating an infrared reflective pigment in the interior material skin as proposed in JP-A-2001-114149, 122044 has been proposed. However, since this method is a method of mixing the infrared reflective pigment powder into the resin, the reflection direction of the infrared rays is irregularly reflected, and most of the reflected light is absorbed by the resin layer. In some cases, a substantial reflection effect cannot be obtained. Furthermore, as a window glass for automobiles in recent years, a heat-insulating glass that absorbs near infrared rays is already becoming common, so this method is expected to have a heating prevention effect because it is configured to reflect only near infrared rays. Can not.
[0005]
In JP-A-10-109571, a laminate of a material that reflects sunlight and a material that absorbs sunlight is placed on the top surface of the instrument panel as a reflective cover, and the reflective surface is set when parking and the absorbing surface is set when driving. It has been proposed to do. However, with this method, it is troublesome to turn over the laminated material every time getting on and off, and it is not practical, and if the product size is set easily, only a small part of the interior heating surface can be covered. Many cannot be expected as an effect.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Based on this situation, the present inventors first set the first problem to suppress the rise in the surface temperature of the interior material by direct sunlight or solar radiation through glass. Here, many of the parts that receive solar radiation are parts that have to be lowered in lightness due to consideration of blocking the sight of the occupant by being reflected in the window glass, and this effectively absorbs solar radiation, There is an ironic relationship of heating. An object of the present invention is to solve this problem permanently by using an outer skin that is installed and fixed to an interior part, without being operated by an occupant like attaching and detaching a reflective cover.
[0007]
[Means for solving problems]
In solving the above problems, in the present invention, in the present invention, in view of facing the above-mentioned problems by using a material that reflects solar radiation as a means for preventing surface temperature rise of the interior material, I tried to apply the transmission principle, which is a completely new principle, abandoning the conventional idea.
[0008]
That is, in the present invention, sunlight is first transmitted to the lowest lightness layer to prevent a direct temperature rise of the surface layer. Sunlight is absorbed by the low-lightness layer and generates heat, but if the low-lightness layer that generates heat easily transfers heat to the outermost skin, it causes an indirect temperature rise. The space is retained on the low-lightness layer, which is the heat generation layer, and the space retaining layer is provided to provide heat insulation and a heat retaining function.
[0009]
  In order to achieve the above object, a skin structure in which a space holding layer and a low brightness layer are laminated on a substrate as described in claim 1Interior parts withDevised. In particular, it is preferable to laminate the surface layer, the space holding layer, the low brightness layer, and the base material in this order.
[0010]
  Moreover, in order to achieve the said objective, the skin structure body by which a space holding layer is laminated | stacked on the base material of low brightness as described in Claim 2Interior parts withDevised.
[0011]
  Furthermore, in order to achieve the above object, a skin structure in which a low-lightness space holding layer is laminated on a substrate as described in claim 3Interior parts withDevised.
[0012]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention described in the claims, the following effects can be obtained for each claim.
[0013]
In the invention according to claim 1, since the space holding layer and the low brightness layer are laminated on the base material, most of the light rays pass through the space holding layer and reach the low brightness layer. Since heat is generated in the lightness layer, it is possible to dramatically reduce the surface temperature of the epidermis due to solar radiation, and at the same time, it is possible to prevent window reflection.
[0014]
In the invention according to claim 2, since the space holding layer is laminated on the low brightness substrate, most of the light rays pass through the space holding layer to reach the low brightness substrate, Since the base material generates heat, it is possible to dramatically reduce the surface temperature of the epidermis due to solar radiation, and at the same time, it is possible to prevent window reflection.
[0015]
In the invention according to claim 3, since the low-lightness space holding layer is laminated on the base material, a part of sunlight is absorbed by the low-lightness space holding layer, but the rest is the low-lightness. Since the heat passes through the space retaining layer and reaches the base material, and heat is generated by the base material, it is possible to reduce the surface temperature of the epidermis due to solar radiation, and at the same time, prevent window reflection.
[0016]
In the invention according to claim 4, since the light transmission layer is further laminated on the space holding layer (including the low brightness space holding layer), many light rays pass through the light transmission layer, Since it has strength, flexibility and weather resistance as a skin material, it is suitable as a skin material.
[0017]
In the invention according to claim 5, since the light transmittance of the light transmission layer is 30% or more and 98% or less, it is possible to effectively ensure the light transmittance of the light transmission layer. The effect similar to that of claim 4 can be obtained.
[0018]
In the invention according to claim 6, since the thickness of the space holding layer is in the range of 0.5 mm or more and 20 mm or less, the necessary heat retention amount is effectively ensured.
[0019]
In the invention according to claim 7, since the light transmittance of the space holding layer is in the range of 5% or more and 95% or less, it is possible to effectively reach the layer for converting light into heat.
[0020]
In the invention according to claim 8, since the low-lightness layer or the low-lightness base material is 6.0 or less in Munsell lightness, it can effectively absorb sunlight to generate heat, Window reflection can be prevented.
[0021]
In the invention according to claim 9, since the surface of the light transmission layer has an antireflection function, the antireflection function can be exhibited particularly when the position is low on the sun and the reflection of solar radiation on the interior surface is strong. .
[0022]
In the invention according to claim 10, since the space holding layer has a Munsell lightness of 6.0 or less, the color tone of the space holding layer can play a main role in determining the color tone of the skin layer. .
[0023]
In invention of Claim 11, since the said space holding layer is a fibrous body, it is more effective from the point provided with light transmittance.
[0024]
In the invention described in claim 12, since the space holding layer is a three-dimensional knitted fabric, not only light transmittance but also predetermined requirements such as cushioning property, color tone, and thickness can be easily satisfied.
[0025]
In the invention according to claim 13, since the light transmission layer is at least one selected from polyvinyl chloride resin, thermoplastic olefin (TPO) resin or polyurethane resin, it transmits light and as a skin material. The required strength, flexibility and weather resistance can be satisfied.
[0026]
In the invention described in claim 14, since the low lightness layer contains a good heat conductive material, the heat energy generated in the low lightness layer and insulated by the space holding layer is transferred to the back side of the interior part, and thus to the base. It is possible to guide the outside of the passenger compartment through the material and further reduce the release of heat into the passenger compartment.
[0027]
In the invention according to claim 15, since the base material contains a good heat conductive material, the heat energy generated by the base material and insulated by the space holding layer is transferred to the back side of the interior part, and thus to the outside of the passenger compartment. As a result, the release of heat into the passenger compartment can be further reduced.
[0028]
In the invention according to claim 16, since the skin structure according to any one of claims 1 to 15 is used as an interior part, it is possible to prevent the interior material from being overheated even in a vehicle compartment under the sun. In addition, discomfort due to radiation to the occupant can be significantly reduced.
[0029]
In the invention described in claim 17, the interior part described in claim 16 is applied to at least one selected from the group consisting of an instrument panel, a door trim, a rear parcel shelf, and a pillar garnish. Therefore, it is possible to effectively prevent the interior material from being overheated even in a vehicle parked under hot weather, and to significantly reduce discomfort due to radiation to the occupant.
[0030]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0031]
The temperature rise prevention mechanism of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the skin structure and solar energy balance of a typical conventional instrument panel. In FIG. 1, the skin structure is composed of a vinyl chloride skin 7, a foamed urethane cushion layer 8, and a base material 3 from the top. In the conventional skin structure, most of the solar radiation energy that has passed through the window is converted to heat on the skin with low brightness. A part of the heat energy generated on the surface of the skin is transmitted to the air side by heat transfer, a part is emitted as far infrared rays, and the rest is diffused by heat conduction to the inside. At this time, the heat transfer to the air and the far-infrared radiation become energy for warming the passenger compartment.
[0032]
The heat conduction to the interior first heats the interior of the component, and indirectly dissipates heat outside the vehicle through the vehicle interior or body panel. Here, considering the distribution ratio of the direct heat dissipation in the vehicle interior and heat transfer in the parts, the current automobile interior uses a resin with poor heat conduction, and also uses a heat insulator such as urethane foam. There is no doubt that the amount released directly into the passenger compartment is dominant. Therefore, in the conventional skin structure, most of the incident solar radiation energy is immediately supplied to the passenger compartment as heat that causes a temperature rise.
[0033]
On the other hand, FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a typical example of the skin structure of the present invention. In FIG. 2, the skin structure is composed of a light transmission layer 6, a space holding layer 1, a low brightness layer 2 and a base material 3 from the top. Although FIG. 2 shows the solar energy balance, most of the solar energy reaching the light transmission layer 6 passes through it and reaches the low lightness layer 2 or the substrate 3, where it is converted into heat for the first time. In this case, heat transfer to the air, radiation and heat conduction to the inside of the component occur as in the case of the conventional skin, but the heat generating part is separated from the vehicle interior by the light transmitting layer 6 and the space holding layer 1, There is no direct heat transfer to the air in the vehicle interior, and far-infrared radiation also does not pass through the light transmission layer (generally resin is visible light, near-infrared light is transparent but opaque to far-infrared light). Not directly radiated to That is, in the present invention, most of the solar radiation energy is once stored in the skin structure.
[0034]
This alone reduces the amount of solar radiation directly released into the passenger compartment and mitigates the rise in passenger compartment temperature, but further improves the heat conduction of the base material to dramatically reduce the amount of heat released into the passenger compartment. It becomes possible.
[0035]
In addition, the present invention solves the problem of temperature rise on the surface of the skin and the problem of window reflection, which are contradictory according to the conventional reflection principle. That is, by making the color of the layer holding the space or the lower layer visible through it low, the appearance color of the laminated material of the present invention becomes the low brightness color visible through the outermost layer, and it becomes possible to prevent window reflection. .
[0036]
Thus, based on a completely novel surface temperature rise prevention principle found by the present inventors, by adding a number of contrivances, a new laminated skin configuration has been devised, and the temperature rise is difficult to occur in direct sunlight, and A breakthrough performance that does not appear in the window has been realized.
[0037]
Hereinafter, the operation of the present invention will be described more specifically for each constituent layer, including differences from the prior art.
[0038]
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the skin structure of the present invention.
[0039]
In FIG. 3, the skin structure is composed of a light transmission layer 6, a space holding layer 1, a low lightness layer 2, and a substrate 3 from the top.
[0040]
First, the light transmission layer 6 which is the outermost layer of the present invention needs to be transparent to visible light and near infrared light which are the main components of sunlight. In other words, the major difference between the present invention and the conventional skin is, of course, the transparency of the outermost skin. Conventional skin has a desired color tone with white pigments such as titanium dioxide and zinc oxide, black pigments such as carbon black, and various colored pigments. If necessary, extender pigments such as calcium carbonate and talc are added. In contrast to being completely opaque, in the present invention, since the color tone of the skin is ensured by the second layer and below, basically, pigments are not added to the outermost layer, and maximum transparency is ensured. Is preferred. However, this does not preclude the addition of a small amount of colored pigment or the addition of extender pigments for improving physical properties due to design requirements. Of course, additives such as ultraviolet absorbers and light stabilizers that are not pigments can be used freely as in the case of conventional materials.
[0041]
Therefore, in the outermost layer of the present invention, the presence or absence of pigments / additives is not an essential difference, but the amount of transmitted light is an essential factor. That is, in the present invention, the light transmission amount of the conventional epidermis is completely 0%, but if it is 20%, it is generally transparent visually and can be said to be within the scope of the present invention. However, considering this in terms of heat, if the light transmittance is less than 30%, most of the incident light becomes heat on the surface and the effect of the present invention is greatly reduced. Therefore, in the present invention, 30% or more is preferable. . On the other hand, when the light transmittance exceeds 98%, there is no thermal problem. However, when the sheet thickness for obtaining practical strength and durability is secured, a transmittance of 98% or more is obtained by absorption of the resin. It is difficult to secure the transmittance of 98% or more when taking all the measures for suppressing the reflection of the outermost surface described below.
[0042]
In addition, the concept used as light transmittance or transmittance in the present invention is measured by the method described in the test method of solar radiation acquisition rate of transmittance, reflectance, and emissivity of plate glass defined in JIS R 3106 1998. The value calculated by multiplying the spectrally measured light transmittance by the weight coefficient given in Appendix Table 2 in the same JIS in the wavelength range of 300 nm to 2500 nm.
[0043]
If the outermost surface gloss is too large, for example, when the sun is at a low position, the light regularly reflected on the interior surface is strong and obstructs the field of view. Therefore, in the present invention, it is preferable that the outermost surface of the light transmitting layer 6 has an antireflection function. Since the direct reflection characteristics of the interior skin change depending on the interior shape and surface wrinkles, etc., it is not possible to generally define the performance only by the reflectance. However, experience has shown that 30 in the 60 ° specular glossiness defined in the JIS Z 8741 glossiness measurement method. In many cases, it is set to about% or less. Therefore, it is desirable to set within this range also in the present invention. For reference, the reflectance in the same JIS prescribes that the reflectance of the black plate glass surface having a predetermined refractive index is 100%. Therefore, when the reflectance of the transparent film is measured by the above method, Since the measurement is simultaneously performed, the measured value may exceed 100%. Later, we will draw an example of this in the examples, but this is not a mismeasurement.
[0044]
Although there are several methods for the antireflection treatment, it is preferable to form fine irregularities on the surface, so-called “wrinkles”, from the viewpoint of design and mass productivity. As a method for forming the wrinkles, usually known die pressing or die transfer by slush molding is used. Of course, it is possible to apply a matte paint or the like in which fine silica powder is dispersed on the outermost surface, or add a transparent matte material such as fine silica powder to the resin of the light-transmitting layer 6 to obtain the surface of the resin itself. A method of changing sex can also be adopted.
[0045]
Further, the light transmission layer 6 is required to have strength, flexibility, weather resistance and the like, which are necessary characteristics as a skin material at the same time. As a resin suitable for the present invention having such characteristics, a soft polyvinyl chloride resin that is often used in interior materials for automobiles, in particular, a transparent one is a material that is industrially easy to use in terms of both characteristics and price. It can be said. In addition, ethylene, propylene, and other olefin-derived thermoplastic olefin (TPO) resins that have recently begun to be used as substitutes for soft polyvinyl chloride resin are also suitable for the same reason. Furthermore, polyurethane resin is also excellent in flexibility and durability, and is a material that is often used as an automobile skin material, and is suitable for the present invention. However, this does not preclude the application of a resin having transparency other than those listed here, and can be used as appropriate either alone or in copolymerization or mixing with the aforementioned resin.
[0046]
Next, the space holding layer 1 of the present invention should be provided with heat insulation between the light transmitting layer 6 and the heat generating layer, and light transmittance is ensured so that as much light as possible reaches the heat generating layer. That is. In that sense, the essential requirements of the space retaining layer 1 in the present invention are thickness and light transmittance.
[0047]
First, the thickness of the space holding layer 1 is preferably 0.5 mm or more. When the thickness is less than 0.5 mm, the air layer as the heat insulating layer is too thin, so that the amount of heat held is small and heat transfer close to contact heat transfer occurs, leading to an early rise in surface temperature. On the other hand, the upper limit of the thickness is preferably 20 mm or less. Certainly, it is better to have a thickness thermally, but it will hinder the dimensional freedom of parts exceeding 20 mm, and it will be substantially difficult to use as a skin.
[0048]
The light transmittance of the space holding layer 1 should theoretically be higher, but the substantial upper limit when a fiber body suitably used in the present invention described later is used is about 95%. If the transmittance exceeding the upper limit is to be secured, it is difficult to secure a desirable space having a thickness of 0.5 mm or more as the heat insulating layer. However, this does not preclude the use of a material with an extremely high aperture ratio, such as a thin-walled honeycomb body. On the other hand, from the viewpoint that the light beam is thermally converted at a position as far as possible from the outermost layer, particularly when the space holding layer 1 is designed to be thick to some extent, the effect of the invention is exhibited even if the light beam does not necessarily pass through the back surface of the air holding layer 1. To do. For example, a configuration in which light is absorbed and converted into heat in the vicinity of the lowermost layer of the space retaining layer 1 can be employed. However, as a configuration that exhibits the effect of the present invention while the thickness of the epidermis is limited to some extent, it is desirable that 5% or more of light rays pass through the space (air) holding layer 1.
[0049]
As the material for the space retaining layer 1, the urethane foam material used for the cushion layer of the interior is conventionally not suitable from the viewpoint of light transmission because it has a closed cell structure, and a three-dimensional network structure that allows light transmission. A body, a fiber body, etc. are suitable. Here, examples of the three-dimensional network structure include a thin honeycomb body, a circle similar to the honeycomb, and a polygonal body excluding the honeycomb. As the fibrous body, a woven fabric or a nonwoven fabric is used. However, in consideration of the above-mentioned requirements, a nonwoven fabric or a woven fabric using fibers thicker than ordinary clothing fibers is preferable so that the thickness can be secured with a small number of fibers. Used for. In particular, a three-dimensional fabric that has been put on the market in recent years as a breathable cushion body is well suited to the gist of the present invention and is preferably used. The three-dimensional woven fabric includes, for example, a nylon three-dimensional knitted product name Fusion-1 series marketed by Asahi Kasei Co., Ltd., and can be selected according to requirements such as thickness, cushioning properties, light transmittance, and color tone. However, this does not limit the type of the fibrous body to a three-dimensional knitted fabric, and it goes without saying that in principle it can also be realized with a non-woven fabric, a normal tricot fabric or a Russell fabric.
[0050]
Since the space holding layer 1 can be seen from the outside to some extent through the light transmission layer 6, it is required that the space holding layer 1 does not become an obstacle to window projection. Although the degree of window reflection depends on the projected area of the space retaining layer 1, it is preferable that the color tone is colored with low brightness because the color tone and surface reflection of the material are easily visible. In particular, when the light transmittance of the space holding layer 1 is lowered, the color tone of the space holding layer 1 plays a major role in determining the color tone of the skin layer, so the color tone is preferably 6.0 or less in Munsell brightness. Usually, among the color tone of the interior surface assuming the window being viewed as is often the extent luminosity 4.0 as the upper limit prospect, fibers of the present invention exceeds the lightness, the lightness in a somewhat permeable layer and a low lightness layer When it is dropped, it is difficult to conceal it, and the degree of window reflection cannot be ignored. On the other hand, the lower limit of lightness is preferably 0 because the fibrous body is black in the present invention. Here, the color tone means Munsell brightness, and is specifically obtained from x, y, and Y values obtained by a colorimetry method defined in JIS Z 8722 (object color measurement method with 2 degree visual field).
[0051]
The function in the thermal sense of the low brightness layer 2 is the absorption of sunlight and the accompanying heat generation, and also has the meaning of preventing window reflection as mentioned in the requirements for the space holding layer 1 described above. From the above requirements, it is better that the brightness is low, the lower limit is 0 of black, and the upper limit is about 6.0 as described above. However, for example, when the light transmittance of the space retaining layer 1 is lowered and designed with low brightness, the color tone of the space retaining layer 1 and below becomes inconspicuous, so the low brightness layer 2 is omitted or 6.0 or more on the substrate. What shows brightness can be used.
[0052]
The material used for the low brightness layer 2 is not particularly limited in the present invention. For example, when the embodiment of the present invention is a three-layer laminated sheet, it is desirable to use a sheet having flexibility for the low-lightness layer 2, and a resin film, woven fabric, or non-woven fabric colored with low lightness. Can be used. Alternatively, a sheet can be used as the light transmission layer 6 and the space holding layer 1, and the skeleton base material of the interior material can also be used as the low brightness layer 2. In that case, for example, a fiber reinforced resin colored with a low brightness color as a raw material can be a material of the heat generating layer. Alternatively, for example, when a metal such as aluminum or steel is used, a step of adhering the light transmission layer 6 and the space holding layer 1 after coloring the surface of the skeletal substrate with low brightness can be performed.
[0053]
It is particularly advantageous for the present invention that the low lightness layer 2 is made of a highly conductive material or that a good conductive material is laminated on the low lightness layer 2. In other words, the heat energy generated in the low lightness layer 2 and insulated from the space holding layer 1 is guided to the back side of the interior part, and thus to the outside of the passenger compartment, thereby further reducing the release of heat into the passenger compartment. Specifically, a metal powder, metal fiber, metal net, metal plate, carbon powder, carbon fiber, ceramic powder, ceramic fiber, and ceramic mat are contained alone or in combination as a good heat conductive material in the low brightness layer, or Lamination is extremely effective.
[0054]
As the base material 3, a known material such as a hard PVC plate or an aluminum plate can be used. The base material 3 preferably contains a highly conductive material. The heat energy generated by the low-lightness layer 2 or the base material 3 and thermally insulated by the space holding layer 1 is guided to the back side of the interior part and thus to the outside of the passenger compartment, thereby further reducing the release of heat into the passenger compartment. Specifically, metal powder, metal fiber, metal net, metal plate, carbon powder, carbon fiber, ceramic powder, ceramic fiber, and ceramic mat are contained or laminated as a good heat conductive material on the base material alone or in combination. It is extremely effective to do.
[0055]
The skin structure of the present invention is obtained by a known method such as hot pressing by attaching an adhesive between the light transmitting layer 6, the space holding layer 1, the low brightness layer 2 and the substrate 3.
[0056]
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the skin structure obtained by removing the light transmission layer from the skin structure shown in FIG. In FIG. 4, the same material as that used in FIG. 3 can be used for the space holding layer 1, the low brightness layer 2, and the base material 3. Although the skin structure is not provided with a light transmission layer, it has the space holding layer 1, the low brightness layer 2 and the base material 3. Therefore, the above-mentioned transmission principle can be realized, and the incident sunlight is applied to the lower brightness layer 2 as a lower layer. And it can permeate | transmit to the base material 3 and the direct temperature rise of a surface layer can be prevented. Furthermore, since the light transmittance of the space retaining layer 1 is high, window reflection can be prevented.
[0057]
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another example of the skin structure of the present invention. In FIG. 5, the light transmission layer 6, the space holding layer 1, and the low brightness substrate 4 are formed from above. The same material as the skin structure shown in FIG. 3 can be used for the light transmission layer 6 and the space holding layer 1.
[0058]
The function in the thermal sense of the low-lightness substrate 4 is the absorption of sunlight and the accompanying heat generation, and also has the meaning of preventing window reflection as mentioned in the requirements for the space holding layer 1 described above. From the above requirements, it is better that the brightness is low, the lower limit is 0 of black, and the upper limit is about 6.0 as described above. Specific examples of the low-lightness base material 4 include base materials such as a hard PVC plate and an aluminum plate colored with low lightness. However, for example, when the light transmittance of the space holding layer 1 is lowered and designed with low brightness, the color tone of the space holding layer 1 or lower becomes less conspicuous. Can do.
[0059]
The skin structure of the present invention can be obtained by a known method such as hot pressing by adhering an adhesive between the light transmission layer 6, the space holding layer 1, and the low brightness substrate 4.
[0060]
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the skin structure obtained by removing the light transmitting layer from the skin structure shown in FIG. In FIG. 6, the same material as that used in FIG. 5 can be used for the space holding layer 1 and the low-lightness base material 4. Although the skin structure is not provided with a light transmission layer, it has the space holding layer 1 and the low-lightness base material 4. Therefore, the above-described transmission principle can be realized, and the incident solar rays can be transmitted to the lower-lightness base material 4 in the lower layer. It can be permeated to prevent a direct temperature rise of the surface layer. Furthermore, since the light transmittance of the space retaining layer 1 is high, window reflection can be prevented.
[0061]
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another example of the skin structure of the present invention. In FIG. 7, the light transmission layer 6, the low brightness space holding layer 5, and the base material 3 are formed from above. The light transmissive layer 6 and the substrate 3 can be made of the same material as the skin structure shown in FIG.
[0062]
The function of the low brightness space retaining layer 5 in terms of thermal meaning of low brightness is the absorption of sunlight and the heat generated therewith, and also has the meaning of preventing window reflection as mentioned in the requirements for the space retaining layer. From the above requirements, it is better that the brightness is low, the lower limit is 0 of black, and the upper limit is about 6.0 as described above. When the low lightness space holding layer 5 is used, the color tone below the space holding layer becomes less conspicuous, so that the base material having a lightness of 6.0 or more may be used.
[0063]
As a material used for the low brightness space holding layer 5, a material obtained by coloring the above-mentioned three-dimensional network structure or fiber body with low brightness can be used.
[0064]
The skin structure of the present invention can be obtained by a known method such as hot pressing by adhering an adhesive between the light transmission layer 6, the low-lightness space holding layer 5, and the substrate 3.
[0065]
FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the skin structure obtained by removing the light transmitting layer from the skin structure shown in FIG. In FIG. 8, the same material as that used in FIG. 7 can be used for the low brightness space retaining layer 5 and the substrate 3. Although it does not have a light transmission layer, it has the low-lightness space holding layer 5 and the base material 3, so that the above-described transmission principle can be realized. Temperature rise can be prevented. Furthermore, since the light transmittance of the low brightness space holding layer 5 is not too low, window reflection can be prevented.
[0066]
As an application destination of the skin structure of the present invention, there is a case where it is desired to prevent an increase in surface temperature in an interior part directly exposed to sunlight. In that sense, it can be used for general vehicles and ordinary interior products, but especially in automobiles, as described above, the thermal environment under hot weather is inferior and the effect of the present invention is remarkable. The instrument panel, door trim, rear parcel shelf, and pillar garnish are suitable for parts that are directly exposed to sunlight, and it is necessary to consider window reflection. In addition, since the requirement for preventing reflection is essential, it can be said that the present invention is the most effective application destination.
[0067]
【Example】
Next, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. This example is for explaining the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to this example.
[0068]
Example 1
0.05 mmt transparent polyvinyl chloride resin sheet (light transmittance: 89%, 60 ° specular gloss 115%) as a light transmission layer, and 5 mmt solid knitted fabric as a space holding layer, trade name “Fusion” manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation I product number AKE69440 (light transmittance: 35%, lightness 0.2), 0.25 mmt black spunbond nonwoven fabric as the low lightness layer, Toyobo Co., Ltd. trade name Heim H6501AD (lightness 0.5), A 3.0 mmt light gray hard vinyl chloride plate was used as a material, and a hot melt adhesive product name Bond First B powder manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. was applied between each layer, and a temperature of 120 ° C. was passed through a 3.5 mm spacer. A hot press was performed under conditions of 5 minutes to obtain a 300 mm × 300 mm laminate test piece.
[0069]
(Example 2)
0.05 mmt transparent polyvinyl chloride resin sheet (light transmittance: 89%, 60 ° specular gloss 115%) as a light transmission layer, and 5 mmt solid knitted fabric as a space holding layer, trade name “Fusion” manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation I Part number AKE69440 (light transmittance: 35%, lightness 0.2) and a painted resin plate with a black matte paint with a lightness of 0.1 using acrylic paint on a 3.0mmt hard vinyl chloride plate as a low lightness base material A hot melt adhesive product name Bond First B powder made by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. was applied between each layer, and heat-pressed under conditions of 120 ° C. and 5 minutes through a 3.5 mm spacer to laminate 300 mm × 300 mm A body specimen was obtained.
[0070]
(Example 3)
A transparent polyvinyl chloride resin sheet (light transmittance: 89%, 60 ° specular gloss of 115%) as a light transmitting layer and a black raw material colored polyester (PET) having a fiber diameter of 13 denier and a fiber length of 51 mm as a space holding layer. ) Fabric weight of 250 g / m composed of 80% fiber and 20% PET conjugate fiber (core component: PET, sheath component: copolymer polyester having a melting point of 170 ° C.) having a fiber diameter of 3 denier and a length of 51 mm²10 mm thick nonwoven fabric (light transmittance: 2%, obtained by adjusting the fiber body with a card cloth layer, laminating the above-mentioned skin material, heating it at a temperature of 210 ° C., and press molding with a cold press. Lightness 2.3) and a hard vinyl chloride plate of 3.0 mmt as a base material, hot melt adhesive product name Bond First B powder manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. was attached between each layer, and a 3.8 mm spacer Was subjected to hot pressing at 120 ° C. for 5 minutes to obtain a 300 mm × 300 mm laminate test piece.
[0071]
(Example 4)
After applying a silica fine powder-containing urethane matte clear coating on the surface, a 0.05mmt transparent polyvinyl chloride resin sheet (light transmittance: 62%, 60 ° specular gloss 18) %) Was used as a light transmission layer, and a laminate test piece was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
[0072]
(Example 5)
A 0.05 mmt blue-colored polyvinyl chloride resin sheet (light transmittance: 40%, 60 ° specular gloss 82%) was used as a light transmitting layer, and a laminate test piece was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
[0073]
(Example 6)
A 0.05 mmt blue-colored polyvinyl chloride resin sheet (light transmittance: 40%, 60 ° specular gloss 82%) is used as a light transmitting layer, and a 3.0 mmt solid knitted fabric, trade name Fusion-I manufactured by Asahi Kasei Co., Ltd. Using a product number AKE64606 (light transmittance: 82%, brightness 7.5) as a space retention layer, a laminate test piece was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
[0074]
(Example 7)
A laminate test piece was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 using a 1.0-mmt black-coated aluminum plate (brightness 0.5) as a low-lightness base material.
[0075]
(Conventional example)
0.15mmt as the surface layer for automobile instrument skins and black material colored polyvinyl chloride resin sheet (light transmittance: 0%, 60 ° specular gloss 4.5%) and 5.0mmt foam as the cushion layer Using a urethane sheet and a light gray hard vinyl chloride plate of 3.0 mmt as a base material, a hot melt adhesive product name Bond First B powder made by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. was attached between each layer, and a 3.5 mm spacer Was subjected to hot pressing at 120 ° C. for 5 minutes to obtain a 300 mm × 300 mm laminate test piece.
[0076]
(Comparative Example 1)
0.05mmt transparent polyvinyl chloride resin sheet (light transmittance: 89%, 60 ° specular gloss 115%) as a light transmissive layer, 0.25mmt black spunbond nonwoven fabric as a low brightness layer, Toyobo Co., Ltd. Product name Heim H6501AD (lightness 0.5) and 3.0mmt light gray hard vinyl chloride plate as the base material, hot melt adhesive product name Bond First B powder made by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. 5kg / cm²At 120 ° C. for 5 minutes, hot pressing was performed to obtain a 300 mm × 300 mm laminate test piece.
[0077]
(Performance evaluation)
About the obtained laminated body test piece, the artificial solar radiation test for evaluating the performance of surface temperature rise prevention, and the sensory evaluation which evaluates window reflection were performed.
[0078]
In addition, in order to verify the effect in an actual vehicle, the vinyl chloride resin skin and the urethane foam layer on the upper part of the instrument panel of the vehicle were actually removed, and Example 1 was attached to the exposed base material surface with a room temperature dry rubber adhesive, The environmental test room was compared with the current parts.
[0079]
(Artificial solar radiation test)
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram for explaining an evaluation method of the artificial solar radiation test.
[0080]
In FIG. 9, the instrument panel structure shown in FIG. 6 is simulated, and a laminated body 14 cut out in a 300 mm square is installed in a wooden box 15 having a heat reservoir and a heat radiating hole 16, and an automobile that simulates a window glass. Green glass 3.5 mmt (60% solar radiation transmittance, according to JIS R3106) 12 was installed at a distance of about 100 mm from the laminate 14 to simulate the temperature rise in the passenger compartment.
[0081]
A thermocouple 13 was installed on the surface of the laminate 14 so that the temperature change of the laminate 14 could be measured. A thermal simulator (made by Celic Co., Ltd.) 11 consisting of 4 500 W artificial solar illuminating lamps is installed above the laminate sample 14 and the irradiation energy on the surface of the glass 12 is 1000 W / m.²It was adjusted to become. The measurement was performed in a room adjusted to 25 ° C., 60 minutes after the start of light irradiation on the sample 14, when the temperature rise on the surface of the sample 14 almost reached equilibrium.
[0082]
(Sensory evaluation of window reflection)
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram for explaining a window projection sensory evaluation method.
[0083]
In FIG. 10, an unmolded flat plate (500 mm × 500 mm) 19 of an automotive window green glass 3.5 mmt (sunlight transmittance 60%, according to JIS R3106) 18 is placed on a black lasha paper 21 at an angle of 30 ° from the horizontal, The 500 W artificial solar lamp 17 was irradiated from a height of about 2 m, the illuminance at the sample position was adjusted to 6000 lux, and the degree of reflection was visually evaluated 20.
[0084]
A level that was not inferior to that of the conventional example was evaluated as ◯, a level that was slightly reflected but slightly neglected, and a level that was clearly unclear and that deteriorated the visibility was determined as X.
[0085]
(Evaluation according to vehicle mounting condition)
The vehicle was installed in an environmental test room having an infrared lamp and a blower / air conditioner. After setting the environment under the following conditions and soaking for 60 minutes, the surface temperature of the instrument panel was measured with a thermocouple.
[0086]
Solar radiation intensity: 767 W / m²
Temperature: 35 ° C
Humidity: 70% RH
Wind speed: 0.8 m / sec
(Evaluation results)
Table 1 shows the evaluation results.
[0087]
[Table 1]

[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a skin structure of a conventional representative instrument panel.
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a typical example of the skin structure of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the skin structure of the present invention.
4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a skin structure obtained by removing a light transmission layer from the skin structure shown in FIG. 3. FIG.
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another example of the skin structure of the present invention.
6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a skin structure obtained by removing a light transmission layer from the skin structure shown in FIG. 5. FIG.
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another example of the skin structure of the present invention.
8 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a skin structure obtained by removing a light transmitting layer from the skin structure shown in FIG.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram for explaining an evaluation method of an artificial solar radiation test.
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram for explaining a window projection sensory evaluation method.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 ... Space retention layer
2 ... Low brightness layer
3. Base material
4 ... Low brightness substrate
5 ... Low brightness space retention layer
6 ... Light transmission layer
7 ... PVC skin
8 ... foamed urethane cushion layer

Claims (17)

An interior part having a skin structure in which a low brightness layer that absorbs sunlight and generates heat on a base material and a space holding layer that insulates heat generated by the low brightness layer are laminated on the low brightness layer. An interior component having a skin structure in which a space holding layer that insulates heat generated by a low-lightness base material is laminated on a low-lightness base material that absorbs sunlight and generates heat . An interior part having a skin structure in which a low-lightness space holding layer that absorbs sunlight and generates heat and insulates the generated heat is laminated on a base material. The interior part according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a light transmission layer is laminated on the space retaining layer. 5. The interior part according to claim 4, wherein the light transmittance of the light transmissive layer is 30% or more and 98% or less. The interior part according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the space holding layer has a thickness in a range of 0.5 mm to 20 mm. The interior part according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the light transmittance of the space holding layer is in the range of 5% to 95%. The interior part according to any one of claims 1 , 2, and 4 to 7, wherein the low-lightness layer or the low-lightness base material has a Munsell lightness of 6.0 or less. The interior part according to any one of claims 4 to 8, wherein the surface of the light transmission layer has an antireflection function. The interior part according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the space holding layer has a Munsell brightness of 6.0 or less. The interior part according to claim 1, wherein the space holding layer is a fibrous body. The interior part according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the space retaining layer is a three-dimensional knitted fabric. The interior part according to any one of claims 4 to 12, wherein the light transmission layer is at least one selected from a polyvinyl chloride resin, a thermoplastic olefin resin, and a polyurethane resin. The interior part according to any one of claims 1 and 4 to 13, wherein the low-lightness layer contains a good heat conductive material. The interior part according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the base material contains a good heat conductive material. The interior part according to claim 6, wherein the space holding layer has a thickness in a range of 3 mm to 10 mm. The interior part according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the interior part is applied to at least one selected from the group consisting of an instrument panel, a door trim, a rear parcel shelf, and a pillar garnish.

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