JP4285234B2 - Interior materials for vehicles - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a material for reducing a feeling of heat in summer and providing a comfortable thermal environment, and more particularly to a vehicle interior material suitable for use for the purpose of reducing the temperature rise of the vehicle interior .

  The indoor temperature of a car placed in a hot environment is very high. In the measurement example in the summer environment in Japan, the indoor air temperature reaches approximately 70 ° C. in the case of parking. At the same time, the interior interior material temperature rises close to 100 ° C. on the top surface of the instrument panel and close to 70 ° C. on the ceiling. It goes without saying that the passengers feel uncomfortable when riding in such a situation, but even after the ventilation or air conditioner is activated, the temperature of the interior material does not drop easily, and it continues to radiate radiant heat to the occupant for a long time, greatly impairing comfort. ing.

  In recent years, various heat countermeasures have been proposed for the purpose of suppressing an increase in indoor temperature and reducing a cooling load. Reducing the indoor thermal load not only reduces occupant discomfort, but also reduces fuel consumption, and further improves fuel economy through weight reduction through downsizing of air conditioners. It is done.

  As a conventional heat countermeasure, Patent Document 1 discloses a cooling system that performs ventilation using a solar cell or the like.

However, the countermeasure against heat described in Patent Document 1 is only for exchanging a small part of the air in the passenger compartment with the outside air, and can hardly contribute particularly to the purpose of preventing overheating of the interior material surface.
JP-A-9-295509

The present invention aims to provide a vehicle interior material capable of preventing the overheating of the interior material surface during flame world car.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a reflective layer that reflects light,
An angle selective transmission layer that is laminated on the reflection layer and transmits or reflects incident light and light reflected by the reflection layer with angle selectivity;
The angle-selective transmission layer is formed by forming a light-shielding wall for shielding light on one side of a substantially triangular portion of a sawtooth portion having a substantially triangular cross-section formed continuously on a transparent resin sheet that transmits light. It is a vehicle interior material in which the reflective skin material is provided so that the side facing the reflective layer of both the front and back sides of the light shielding wall faces the outside of the vehicle .

As the angle selective transmission layer of the reflective skin material, the transparent resin sheet is stretched against the tensile stress by continuously forming the sawtooth portion having a substantially triangular cross section on the transparent resin sheet, so it is molded without tearing It becomes possible to do. On the other hand, since the light shielding wall is formed on one side of the approximately triangular shape in the sawtooth portion, the light shielding wall formed on the other side of the approximately triangular shape is distorted or crushed against the elongation of the transparent resin sheet corresponding to the bottom of the approximately triangular shape. Therefore, optical characteristics are hardly deteriorated. Therefore, the angle-selective transmission layer can be continuously mass-produced in a large area while ensuring the moldability without deteriorating the optical characteristics. Therefore, Ru can be preferably applied to a vehicle interior material. Since such a reflective skin material is a vehicle interior material provided so that the side facing the reflective layer of both sides of the light shielding wall faces the outside of the vehicle, it prevents overheating of the interior material surface during parking in hot weather , and , Does not disturb the sight of the occupant .
When manufacturing an angle-selective transmission layer applied to a vehicle interior material, the light shielding walls can be arranged in one direction by applying a shear stress between the pressure surface and the laminate.

  With respect to the problem of parking under the sun, the method of reflecting the solar energy by increasing the surface reflectance or brightness of the interior material for the purpose of preventing overheating of the interior material surface can be considered. However, simply increasing the reflectivity of the interior material surface may impede the driver's field of view, depending on the angle of sunlight, because the reflected light may enter the driver's eyes directly or the interior material may be reflected in the window glass. There is a fear.

  In order to solve such problems, the present inventors have made a material that transmits or reflects light with angle selectivity on the surface of the vehicle interior material (hereinafter referred to as “angle-selective transmission material”). The reflective surface functions in the direction in which solar radiation enters, but the reflective surface cannot be seen from the driver's direct line-of-sight direction or the driver's line-of-sight direction through the reflection of the window glass. I thought about how to do this.

In this specification, “transmits or reflects light with angle selectivity” means according to the angle of incident light with respect to the normal direction of the surface on the incident side or the normal direction of the surface on the reflective surface side. This means the property of selectively reflecting or transmitting light at an angle within a predetermined range according to the angle of reflected light with respect to.

  This type of angle-selective transmissive material includes a so-called film-like louver in which light shielding walls are regularly arranged in a transparent resin. As an example of a film-like louver, for example, a product name: light control film manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Limited is commercially available. A conventional angle-selective transmission material has a material configuration and a manufacturing method described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-305312.

  However, conventional angle-selective transparent materials produce a film-like louver from a block-shaped precursor formed by alternately bonding and laminating transparent and light-shielding materials in the laminating direction. ing. When the film-like louver produced in this way is applied to a vehicle interior material, it has been found that the following problems occur. First, when the skin is molded into a part shape, a corresponding elongation is required. However, the conventional film-like louver is easy to tear in the laminating direction and cannot be molded. Secondly, when the material of the film-like louver is made flexible, easily stretched, and difficult to tear, the louver structure is crushed or distorted, so that the optical characteristics (light transmittance, etc.) are significantly lowered. Thirdly, the conventional film-like louver is limited in size such as the size of the block-shaped precursor and the maximum slice length of the slicing apparatus for slicing the precursor, so that it can be applied to a vehicle interior material. In addition, it is difficult to obtain a high production cost for batch production.

  In order to make it possible to apply a reflective skin material using an angle-selective transmission material to interior materials for vehicles, it is necessary to ensure moldability without degrading optical properties and to use existing skins without requiring special manufacturing equipment. It is important that the angle-selective transmission material can be continuously mass-produced with a slight modification of the material manufacturing equipment. The present invention has been completed in view of this viewpoint.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a basic configuration of a reflective skin material 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in the figure, a reflective skin material 10 includes a reflection layer 11 that reflects light, and an angle selection that is laminated on the reflection layer 11 and transmits or reflects incident light and light reflected by the reflection layer 11 with angle selectivity. A transparent permeable layer 12. The angle-selective transmission layer 12 is configured by forming a light-shielding wall 13 for shielding light on one side of a substantially triangular shape of a sawtooth portion having a substantially triangular cross-section formed continuously on a transparent resin sheet that transmits light. Has been.

  First, the reflective layer 11 refers to a layer having specular reflection surface characteristics such as a mirror, and a method of forming such a surface is not particularly limited, but is, for example, an aluminum foil. A metallic foil or a bright film obtained by vapor deposition or sputtering of a metal can be suitably used. Further, as a material that exhibits the same effect, a reflective paint using an aluminum pigment can also be used. Furthermore, a retroreflective sheet may be used.

  Further, energy can be reflected not only by regular reflection but also by scattered reflection. As a method for forming such a surface, a high-lightness paint containing a white pigment such as titanium dioxide or zinc oxide may be applied. In the case of using a surface that scatters and reflects in this way, it is also possible to color appropriately within a range where the reflectance (brightness) is not significantly impaired. In that case, if the Munsell brightness is approximately 6.0 or more, the effect of scattering reflection can be obtained. Further, as an advantage of forming the reflective layer with a paint or film using a white pigment, it is easy to obtain flexibility as compared with the vapor-deposited film.

  Although the material of the base material sheet of the reflective layer 11 is not particularly limited, an olefin-based skin material called soft vinyl chloride resin or TPO can be suitably used in consideration of moldability. Alternatively, a reflective paint using an aluminum pigment or a reflective paint containing a white pigment such as titanium dioxide or zinc oxide may be applied directly to one surface (the lower surface in FIG. 1) of the angle selective transmission layer 12. good.

  The angle selective transmission layer 12 is made of a transparent resin sheet having excellent flexibility. The resin used for the transparent resin sheet is preferably a soft vinyl chloride resin or an olefin-based skin material called TPO from the viewpoint of moldability. In consideration of weather resistance, an acrylic resin, a fluorine resin, or the like is also preferably used.

  The sawtooth portion is formed in a sawtooth shape having a substantially triangular cross section on the surface of the transparent resin sheet.

  The light shielding wall 13 is formed on one side of the substantially triangular shape in the sawtooth portion (the right side of each triangle in FIG. 1). The basic function of the light shielding wall 13 is to block solar radiation, and the light shielding wall 13 is formed of a film containing a component that blocks solar radiation. For example, the light shielding wall 13 can be formed by applying a black paint in which carbon is dispersed.

  In the reflective skin material 10 adjusted in this way, when the skin is stretched for molding, the angle selective transmission layer 12 and the reflection layer 11 having excellent flexibility are stretched, and the light shielding wall 13 is slightly changed in angle. Follows the elongation without significant deformation. As an example, in the case of the light shielding wall 13 in which the angle formed by the base of the triangle in the sawtooth portion and the light shielding wall 13 is set to 80 degrees, the inclination is about 70 degrees under the condition that the stretching ratio is doubled, but the angle of light is selected. There was no practical difference in the characteristic of transmitting or reflecting with good properties.

  As described above, the reflective skin material 10 includes the reflective layer 11 that reflects light, and the angle selection that allows the incident light and the light reflected by the reflective layer to be transmitted or reflected with angle selectivity. A light shielding layer for shielding light on one side of a substantially triangular shape in a sawtooth portion having a substantially triangular cross section formed continuously on a transparent resin sheet that transmits light. The wall 13 is preferably formed and configured.

According to such a configuration, the angle-selective transmission layer 12 of the reflective skin material 10 is formed by continuously forming a sawtooth portion having a substantially triangular cross section on the transparent resin sheet, whereby the transparent resin sheet is stretched against a tensile stress. Therefore, it becomes possible to mold without tearing. On the other hand, since the light shielding wall 13 is formed on one side of the substantially triangular shape in the sawtooth portion, the light shielding wall 13 formed on the other side of the substantially triangular shape is distorted with respect to the extension of the transparent resin sheet corresponding to the bottom of the substantially triangular shape. Since the flattening does not occur, the optical characteristics hardly deteriorate. Therefore, the angle-selective transmission layer 12 can be continuously mass-produced in a large area while ensuring the moldability without deteriorating the optical characteristics. Therefore, it is possible to provide a reflective skin material 10 that can be suitably applied to a vehicle interior material and can prevent overheating of the interior material surface during parking in hot weather.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining an application example of the reflective skin material 10 shown in FIG. 1 to a vehicle interior material and the effect thereof.

  The reflective skin material 10 is installed on the upper part of the instrument panel 30 in front of the vehicle so that the side facing the reflective layer 11 of both the front and back sides of the light shielding wall 13 faces the outside of the vehicle.

  The solar radiation 231 from the sun 23 in the position of the hot sun passes through the angle selective transmission layer 12 and is reflected by the reflection layer 11, and is reflected and emitted to the outside of the vehicle like reflected light 232. At this time, if the angle θ1 formed by the substantially triangular base formed by the sawtooth portion of the sawtooth and the light shielding wall 13 is less than 50 degrees, the solar radiation is prevented from reaching the reflective layer 11 and is inserted into the passenger compartment. The effect of reflecting and emitting solar radiation 231 outside the vehicle is significantly impaired. In the case of the sun 24 at a low position, the light shielding wall 13 blocks the low solar radiation 241, and the reflected light of the solar radiation 241 is prevented from reaching the driver's viewpoint 22 directly.

  The window projection on the windshield 21 will be described. The driver's line of sight 221 is bent at the windshield 21 and reaches the upper portion of the instrument panel 30 through the window projection optical path 222. However, since the light blocking wall 13 prevents the line of sight from reaching the reflecting surface, the reflecting surface does not appear on the windshield 21.

  The angle of incidence of the window light path 222 on the instrument panel 30 is determined by the angle of the windshield and the direction of the driver's line of sight. The windshield angle of many automobiles is in a range of approximately 25 to 35 degrees, and the line-of-sight direction in which window reflection is anxious is generally lower than the horizontal direction. From this, the incident angle of the window projection optical path 222 to the instrument panel 30 is about 70 degrees at the maximum. The angle formed between the bottom of the substantially triangular shape and the light shielding wall 13 that effectively blocks the window projection optical path at this angle is approximately 70 degrees or less. When the angle exceeds 70 degrees, the reflection surface gradually begins to be reflected on the windshield 21, 85 Beyond that, it reaches a level that hinders the driver's view.

  As described above, the reflective skin material 10 in which the angle between the base of the substantially triangular shape in the sawtooth portion and the light shielding wall 13 is set in the range of 50 degrees to 85 degrees faces the reflective layer 11 on both the front and back sides of the light shielding wall 13. It is preferable to use the vehicle interior material provided on the upper part of the instrument panel so that the side faces the outside of the vehicle.

  According to such a configuration, the viewing angle of reflection having angle selectivity with respect to solar radiation inserted from the outside of the vehicle is widened, and it is difficult for the driver side to directly reflect or reflect on the window glass. If the angle is less than 50 degrees, it is difficult to obtain an effective reflectivity in a situation where the sun position is high, and if it exceeds 85 degrees, the reflection on the window increases and the field of view deteriorates. The angle range in which stable performance can be obtained is more preferably 60 to 75 degrees.

  The same effect can be obtained not only when the reflective skin material 10 is provided on the upper portion of the instrument panel 30 but also when the vehicle interior material is provided on the upper portion of the door trim or rear parcel shelf.

  Moreover, although the case where solar radiation, such as visible rays or near infrared rays, is reflected has been described, the reflective skin material according to the present invention is radiant heat generated from components heated by direct light shielding such as instrument panels and window glass ( It also has a function of reflecting far infrared rays) toward the outside of the vehicle. Also from this point of view, the reflective skin material according to the present invention can be suitably applied to a vehicle interior material, and can further prevent overheating of the interior material surface during parking in hot weather.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a change in effect when the reflective skin material 10 is installed on an inclined portion of the instrument panel 30.

  In addition to the instrument panel 30, interior parts such as door trims and rear parcel shelves take various shapes, so the conditions for effectively exhibiting the effects of the reflective skin material 10 will be described.

  In FIG. 2, the effect of installing the reflective skin material 10 on the instrument panel 30 has been described on the assumption that the installation surface is a horizontal plane. However, referring to FIG. 3, when the installation surface of the reflective skin material 10 is inclined from the horizontal plane to the driver side, the relative angle between the light shielding wall 13 and the sun, and the light shielding wall 13 and the driver Therefore, as the inclination angle θ2 from the horizontal surface to the driver side of the installation surface increases, the effect of the reflective skin material 10 decreases. For example, when the angle formed between the bottom of the triangle and the light shielding wall 13 is 60 degrees and the inclination angle θ2 from the horizontal plane of the instrument panel 30 to the driver exceeds 25 degrees, refer to FIG. The effect of preventing solar radiation reflection and window reflections as described above cannot be obtained. Therefore, although depending on the design of the angle of the light shielding wall 13, generally speaking, the reflective skin material 10 is provided at a portion of the upper surface of the interior part such as the instrument panel 30 where the inclination angle θ2 from the horizontal plane to the driver side is within 30 degrees. By providing the present invention, the effect is exhibited.

  As mentioned above, it is set as the vehicle interior material which provided the reflective skin material 10 in the site | part in which the inclination angle from a horizontal surface to a driver | operator side is less than 30 degree | times in at least one upper part of the instrument panel 30, a door trim, and a rear parcel shelf. Is preferred.

  According to such a configuration, even if the above-described inclination angle (the angle formed by the bottom of the substantially triangular sawtooth portion and the light shielding wall 13 is in the range of 50 to 85 degrees) is given to the light shielding wall 13 of the reflective skin material 10. It is possible to reliably prevent the reflection of the reflection surface from the interior part shape.

  FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the reflective skin material 10a according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

  The reflective skin material 10a of the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the reflection effect of solar radiation is further enhanced by modifying the configuration of the light shielding wall 13a.

  Of the front and back sides of the light shielding wall 13 a, the surface facing the vehicle exterior, that is, the side facing the reflective layer 11 receives reflected light of the solar radiation 43 incident on the reflective layer 11 and direct incident light 44. So, in 2nd Embodiment, the light-shielding wall 13a has the reflective surface 41 in the side which faces the reflective layer 11 among front and back both sides. According to such a configuration, the light blocked by the light blocking wall 13a can be reflected as in the reflected light path shown in FIG. Furthermore, the light shielding wall 13a has an absorptive surface 42 on the other side so that it is not dazzling directly from the driver or from the reflection of the window glass and there is no reflection.

Here, the reflective surface 41 refers to a surface having specular reflection characteristics such as a mirror, and the method of forming such a surface is not particularly limited, but is an aluminum foil. A metal foil or a bright film obtained by vapor deposition or sputtering of a metal can be suitably used.
In addition, a paint using an aluminum pigment can be used as one that exhibits the same effect.

  Further, not only the regular reflection surface but also the scattering reflection surface can reflect 90% or more close to the mirror surface when viewed from the energy reflectance including diffused light. For example, a highly reflective paint containing a white pigment such as titanium dioxide or zinc oxide is applied to form a scattering reflective surface on the light shielding wall 13a. In the case of using a surface that scatters and reflects in this way, it is also possible to color appropriately within a range that does not significantly impair the reflectance. In that case, if the Munsell brightness is approximately 6.0 or more, the effect of scattering reflection can be obtained.

  Moreover, retroreflection can also be used as reflectivity, and an extremely excellent effect is obtained. Retroreflective refers to the property of reflecting incident light in the irradiation direction using the light refraction of glass beads or a fine three-dimensional prism structure (corner cube) regardless of the light irradiation direction. This type of retroreflective material is generally used for improving the visibility of road signs, signboards, and the like. Examples of retroreflective materials include, for example, manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Limited, product name: Scotchlite capsule lens type reflective sheet, manufactured by Nippon Carbide Industries, Inc., product name: Nikkalite capsule lens type high brightness sheet, encapsulated lens type retroreflective sheet Are commercially available and can be easily obtained industrially.

  The absorptive surface 42 is not dazzling as seen directly from the driver or from the reflection of the window glass, and is not required to be reflected, and can be formed of a black paint or a black film.

  As described above, the light shielding wall 13a preferably has the reflective surface 41 on the side facing the reflective layer 11 between the front and back sides and the absorbent surface 42 on the other side.

  According to such a configuration, the effective reflection angle of solar radiation can be expanded to further increase the reflectance of solar radiation, and overheating of the interior material surface during parking under hot weather can be further prevented.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a method of manufacturing an angle selective transmission layer in a reflective skin material.

  As described above, in order to apply a reflective skin material using an angle-selective transmissive material to an interior material for a vehicle, the angle-selective transmissive material is continuously processed while ensuring formability without degrading optical characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to be able to mass-produce with a large area. The manufacturing method of the angle-selective transmission layer that meets this requirement is as follows.

  That is, a method of manufacturing an angle selective transmission layer that is laminated on a reflection layer that reflects light, and transmits or reflects incident light and light reflected by the reflection layer with angle selectivity. The laminated body 50 is formed by uniformly forming a light-shielding layer 52 on the surface of a transparent resin sheet 51 that transmits light, on a surface of a transparent resin sheet 51 that transmits light. Then, pressure is applied from the light shielding layer 52 side. Next, by transferring the sawtooth shape of the pressing surface to the laminate 50, the laminate 50 is disposed on the sawtooth portion composed of the transparent resin sheet 51 having a shape that matches the sawtooth shape, and on one side of a substantially triangle in the sawtooth portion. Then, a light shielding wall made of the light shielding layer 52 is formed.

  More specifically, while the conventional film-like louver is a manufacturing method in which a resin block is sliced thinly, in the present invention, a sheet is continuously pressed with a mold to transfer the sawtooth shape of the mold surface. The manufacturing method generally used when forming so-called “wrinkles” on the epidermis is applied. According to this method, the angle-selective transmission layer can be mass-produced, and a reduction in manufacturing cost can be achieved.

  With reference to FIG. 5, the light shielding layer 52 is also continuously and uniformly formed on the surface of the continuous transparent resin sheet 51 to obtain the laminate 50. The laminated body 50 is pressure-molded from the light shielding layer 52 side with a mold 53. The light shielding layer 52 is arranged along the sawtooth while being pressed by the sawtooth shape of the pressing surface of the mold 53. The pressing device used at this time may be a hot press, or mass productivity may be enhanced by hot roll processing using a roll die.

  According to the manufacturing method of the angle selective transmission layer 12 described above, the angle selective transmission layer 12 has the sawtooth shape of the mold 53 on the laminate 50 in which the light shielding layer 52 is uniformly formed on the surface of the transparent resin sheet 51. Since it is a manufacturing method for pressure transfer, the angle selective transmission layer 12 can be continuously produced by using a press die or a roll die that is usually used for skin production.

  However, for example, in the mold 53 having a sawtooth shape close to an equilateral triangle, it may be difficult to arrange the pressed light shielding layers 52 along one wall surface of the sawtooth.

  In such a case, as shown in FIG. 6, while applying a shear stress between the pressing surface and the laminate 50, the pressing surface is pressed against the resin sheet 50, and the sawtooth shape of the pressing surface is changed to resin. It is preferable to transfer to the sheet 50.

  This is because the light shielding walls can be effectively arranged in one direction by applying a shear stress between the mold 53 and the resin sheet 50 during the pressure molding. In the case of hot pressing, shear stress can be applied by nesting the mold and sliding it during pressurization. In the case of hot roll processing, shear stress can be applied by forming the resin sheet while applying a tension in the traveling direction or by providing a difference in the rotation speed of the roll.

  As described above, it is preferable to pressurize the pressurization surface against the laminate 50 while applying a shear stress between the pressurization surface and the laminate 50 and transfer the sawtooth shape of the pressurization surface to the laminate 50.

  According to this manufacturing method, in order to apply a shear stress between the mold 53 and the laminated body 50 when the mold is pressure-transferred, the light shielding layer 52 cut at the tip of the saw blade has a saw-tooth shape due to the shear stress. A stable light shielding wall can be formed on one side of a substantially triangular shape arranged along one side of the mold.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a method of manufacturing the angle selective transmission layer 12 provided with the light shielding wall 13a having the reflective surface 41 shown in FIG.

  In the case of such an angle selective transmission layer 12, as a general rule, the light shielding layer 52 preferably includes a metal thin film formed by vapor deposition or sputtering.

  More specifically, the metal thin film layer 72 which is a continuous reflective surface is formed on the transparent resin sheet 51 by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering. Thereafter, a black paint is applied to the surface of the metal thin film layer 72 to form an absorbent film 71 that is an absorbent surface, and the light shielding layer 52 having the metal thin film layer 72 and the absorbent film 71 is formed. The point that the obtained laminate 50 is pressure-molded from the light-shielding layer 52 side with the mold 53 is the same as that described above.

  Thus, it is preferable that the light shielding layer 52 includes a metal thin film formed by vapor deposition or sputtering.

According to such a manufacturing method, the physical properties of the metal thin film by vapor deposition or sputtering are harder and less stretchable than the transparent resin sheet 51, so that the light-shielding wall 13a having a stable shape is formed by being quickly cut by pressurizing the sawtooth tip. Can do.

  FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a reflective skin material 10b according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

  The reflective skin material 10b of the third embodiment is the first and second implementations in that the optical properties are maintained over a long period of time by filling the sawtooth shape of the angle selective transmission layer 12 with a transparent resin. It is different from the form.

  In the first embodiment (FIG. 1) or the second embodiment (FIG. 4), when used for a long period of time, dust or the like accumulates on the surface of the angle-selective transmission layer 12 in the sawtooth shape, and the optical There is a risk of damaging the properties. Therefore, in the third embodiment, the transparent filling layer 81 having a back surface having a shape matching the sawtooth shape and a smooth surface is laminated on the surface having the sawtooth shape of the angle selective transmission layer 12. According to such a configuration, since the surface of the reflective skin material 10b becomes smooth, it can be easily cleaned, and excellent optical characteristics can be maintained over a long period of time.

  Even if the transparent filling layer 81 is laminated, the optical properties of the reflective skin material 10b do not change greatly, and the moldability is not significantly impaired.

  Furthermore, the transparent filling layer 81 to be filled is the reverse of the shape of the angle-selective transmission layer 12, and there is an advantage that what is molded with a common mold can be used effectively. The material of the transparent filling layer 81 to be filled is not particularly limited, but the resin used in the angle selective transmission layer 12 described above is also preferably used.

  As described above, the transparent resin sheet 81 (corresponding to the transparent filling layer) including the back surface having a shape matching the sawtooth shape and the smooth surface is laminated on the surface having the sawtooth shape of the angle selective transmission layer 12. It is preferable.

  According to such a configuration, the sawtooth-shaped surface of the angle-selective transmissive layer 12 is filled with the transparent resin sheet 81 having the same shape, so that the surface of the skin becomes smooth and dirt on the surface of the skin can be easily cleaned. The transparent resin sheet 81 having the same shape can be easily manufactured using the same mold.

  Hereinafter, although an example and a comparative example are described with reference to drawings, the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1
A matte black urethane coating was applied to the surface of a transparent vinyl chloride resin sheet having a thickness of 1.2 mm to form an absorbent surface, and a resin sheet having a light shielding layer formed on the transparent resin sheet was prepared. The mold was subjected to surface processing with a sawtooth pitch of 1.0 mm, a sawtooth height of 0.97 mm, and a light shielding wall angle of 75 degrees on a test roll, and the resin sheet was pressurized and thermally transferred with a hot roll. At that time, the rotation speed of the roll was adjusted so that a shear stress was applied between the resin sheet and the mold. On the back surface of the obtained angle selective transmission layer, a urethane paint in which aluminum flakes were dispersed in high concentration in a urethane resin excellent in flexibility was applied to form a reflective layer, and the reflective skin material described in FIG. 1 was created.

  In order to carry out a test simulating a part, the above skin was cut out to 300 mm x 300 mm, and a 5.0 mmt urethane foam sheet and a 1.2 mmt 30% talc-containing polypropylene plate were laminated with a room temperature dry rubber adhesive. It was set as the body and it was set as the test piece imitating the automobile interior.

(Example 2)
After depositing aluminum on the surface of a transparent vinyl chloride resin sheet having a thickness of 1.2 mm to form a reflective surface, a matte black urethane coating was applied to form an absorptive surface, and a light shielding layer was formed on the transparent resin sheet. A resin sheet was prepared. Thereafter, the reflective skin material described with reference to FIG. Test pieces for parts were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

(Example 3)
After the reflective skin material described in FIG. 4 was prepared by the same operation as in Example 2, a sawtooth shape was formed on a transparent vinyl chloride resin having a thickness of 1.2 mm by the same hot roll processing as in Example 1. A pressure transfer process was performed to prepare a transparent resin sheet for filling. These were joined together using a transparent urethane adhesive with the sawtooth side together, and the reflective skin material described in FIG. 8 was created. In Example 3, an antireflection paint was applied to the surface in order to suppress surface reflection. Test pieces for parts were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

(Comparative Example 1)
As the light-shielding layer, a black matte paint was applied to a thickness of about 10 μm on the deposition surface of a 25 μm transparent acrylic sheet on which aluminum was deposited, and one side was adjusted to a light-absorbing surface. While applying a thin acrylic urethane adhesive on the acrylic sheet side of the light shielding layer, a transparent silicon resin sheet having a thickness of 300 μm was used as the transmission layer, and these were passed through a hot roll and laminated. The laminated sheet thus obtained is cut into a sheet of 500 mm square to produce a large number of cut sheets, the previous adhesive is applied to one side thereof, about 20 sheets are stacked and pressure-bonded by hot pressing, and a multilayer sheet having a thickness of less than 10 mm Got. Further, about 60 layers were stacked and pressure-bonded to form a block having a thickness of about 500 mm.

  Using a slicer, the block is sliced by 15 ° from the stacked thickness direction into a sheet having a thickness of 300 μm, and has a light reflecting surface on one side and a black light absorbing surface on the other side, and a louver angle of 15 °. A louver type angle selective transmission material (corresponding to 75 degrees in the angle expression of the light shielding wall in the example) was obtained. Test pieces for parts were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

(Comparative Example 2)
An instrument panel skin made of soft vinyl chloride used in current vehicles and cut with 300 squares was used. Thereafter, a test piece simulating a part was obtained by the same operation as in Example 1.

(Comparative Example 3)
A white urethane coating using titanium dioxide as a pigment was applied to the surface of the black skin used in Comparative Example 1 to a thickness of about 30 μm to form a scattering reflective reflective layer. This was cut into 300 mm square and used. Thereafter, a test piece simulating a part was obtained by the same operation as in Example 1.

(Performance evaluation)
About the obtained test piece, the vacuum forming test for evaluating a moldability, the artificial solar radiation test for evaluating the performance of surface temperature rise prevention, and the sensory evaluation which evaluates a visual field.

(Vacuum forming test)
As the test mold, a wooden mold having a semi-cylindrical protrusion (kamaboko-shaped protrusion) having a diameter of 100 mm was used, and each skin material of the example and the comparative example was fixed to a 200 × 200 test mold clamp, and in the circumferential direction of the mold The light shielding wall was installed in a direction perpendicular to it. Molding was performed by heating from the back surface of the skin to 170 ° C., pressing onto a test mold, and vacuum degassing. In a preliminary test using a transparent PVC sheet having a thickness of 1.2 mm, the maximum elongation in the circumferential direction under the same conditions was about 75%.

In the evaluation, the circumferential cracks and crushing of the molded skin were visually evaluated, and the cracks and wrinkles of the vertical part of the kamaboko section were excluded from the evaluation.

(Artificial solar radiation test (20 ° incidence))
A test piece 92 of a reflective skin material cut into a 300 mm square is installed in a heat insulation box 91 shown in FIG. 9, and further, an automotive green glass 3.5 mmt (sunlight transmittance 60%, according to JIS R3106) 94 imitating a window glass. It was installed at a distance of about 100 mm from the test piece 92, and the temperature rise in the passenger compartment was also simulated. With regard to the installation of the test piece 92, it was assumed that the summer solar radiation in the summer from the front of the instrument panel was assumed, and the test piece 92 was tilted by 20 degrees and the reflective surface of the louver was directed toward the light source.

A thermocouple 93 was installed on the surface of the test piece 92 so that the temperature change of the test piece 92 could be measured. The thermal load was adjusted so that a solar simulator (made by Celic Co., Ltd.) 95 composed of four 500 W artificial solar lighting lamps was installed above the test piece 92 and the irradiation energy on the glass surface was 767 W / m ² . The measurement was performed in a room adjusted to 25 ° C., 60 minutes after the start of light irradiation on the test piece 92, when the temperature rise on the surface of the test piece 92 reached almost equilibrium.

(Regular reflection sensory evaluation)
As shown in FIG. 10, an unshaped flat plate (300 mm × 300 mm) 101 made of green glass for automobile windows 3.5 mmt (sunlight transmittance 60%, according to JIS R3106) is set at an angle of 30 ° from the horizontal, and black lasha paper is used. A test piece 104 of a reflective skin material is placed on a horizontal evaluation table 102 to which a mark is attached, and a 500 W solar simulator (manufactured by Celic Co., Ltd.) is measured from a position of about 1 m across the test piece 104 from the position of the occupant viewpoint 103. 105 was irradiated and the degree of reflection from the test piece 104 was visually evaluated. A level that is not inferior to that of the conventional example was evaluated as ◯, slightly dazzling, but the level was slight.

(Window reflection sensory evaluation 1)
As shown in FIG. 10, a green glass for automobile windows 3.5 mmt (sunlight transmittance 60%, according to JIS R3106) 101 is placed at an angle of 30 ° from the horizontal, and a horizontal evaluation is performed. A test piece 104 of a reflective skin material is installed on the table 102, a 500 W solar simulator (made by Celic Co., Ltd.) 106 is irradiated from a height of about 2 m, and the illuminance at the test piece position is adjusted to 6000 lux to perform the test. The degree of reflection of the piece 104 was visually evaluated. A level that is not inferior to that of the conventional example is shown as ◯, a slight reflection level is slight, a level that is not so much of interest is Δ, and a level that is clearly transparent and impairs the visibility is determined as X.

(Window reflection sensory evaluation 2)
As shown in FIG. 10, an unshaped flat plate (300 mm × 300 mm) 101 made of green glass for automobile windows 3.5 mmt (60% solar radiation transmittance, according to JIS R3106) is installed at an angle of 30 ° from the horizontal position. A test piece 108 of a reflective skin material was placed on an evaluation table 107 tilted by 25 °, and the degree of reflection of the test piece 108 was visually evaluated under illumination conditions adjusted to the same conditions as the window reflection sensory evaluation 1. A level that is not inferior to that of the conventional example is shown as ◯, a slight reflection level is slight, a level that is not so much of interest is Δ, and a level that is clearly transparent and impairs the visibility is determined as X.

(Evaluation results)
FIG. 11 shows the evaluation results.

  In the vacuum forming test, cracks occurred in the louver according to the conventional manufacturing method, whereas all the examples showed good formability.

In the artificial solar radiation test in which the test piece 92 was set at 20 °, all of Examples 1 to 3 were able to suppress the temperature rise in an environment where the temperature of the current epidermis was 88 ° C. In particular, Example 2 uses a regular reflection surface with good reflection efficiency for the light-shielding wall, so the temperature reduction effect is as great as about 25 ° C. In Example 1, since both surfaces of the louver became an absorptive surface, the area contributing to reflection was not so large, so the temperature drop was about 15 ° C. In Example 3, since the filled resin slightly reduced the reflection performance, the temperature lowering effect was slightly smaller than in Example 2.

  In the regular reflection sensory evaluation test, in Examples 1 to 3, the regular reflection of the reflective layer was well cut. In addition, surface reflection is not a problem in Examples 1 and 2 where the sawtooth surface is exposed, but in Example 3 in which the gap is filled, the light source can be recognized through the antireflection treatment, but there is no reflected light that disturbs the field of view. It was. In Comparative Example 2, the surface was a white scattering reflection surface, and it was felt somewhat dazzling.

  In the window reflection sensory evaluation test 1, in Examples 1 to 3, the window reflection was well suppressed, and a good field of view was obtained. However, in the window reflection sensory evaluation test 2, when the test piece was tilted to the 25 ° driver side, the silver color of the reflective layer was slightly recognized, and the level became somewhat worrisome.

  The present invention can be applied to a use for improving a temperature rise in a vehicle interior.

It is sectional drawing which shows the basic composition of the reflective skin material which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure where it uses for description of the example of application to the interior material for vehicles of the reflective skin material shown by FIG. 1, and its effect. It is a figure where it uses for description of the change of an effect in case a reflective skin material is installed in the inclination part of an instrument panel. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the reflective skin material which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure where it uses for description of the manufacturing method of the angle selective transmission layer in a reflective skin material. It is a figure where it uses for description of the manufacturing method of the angle selective transmission layer in a reflective skin material. It is a figure where it uses for description of the manufacturing method of the angle selective transmission layer in which the light-shielding wall which has a reflective surface shown in FIG. 4 is provided. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the reflective skin material which concerns on the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic block diagram which shows the artificial solar radiation test apparatus. It is a schematic block diagram which shows the test apparatus of regular reflection sensory evaluation and window reflection sensory evaluation. It is a graph which shows an evaluation result.

Explanation of symbols

10, 10a, 10b Reflective skin material,
11 reflective layer,
12 angle selective transmission layer,
13, 13a light shielding wall,
21 Windshield,
30 instrument panel,
41 reflective surface,
42 Absorbent surface,
50 laminates,
51 transparent resin sheet,
52 light shielding layer,
53 Mold,
71 absorptive film,
72 metal thin film layer,
81 Transparent resin sheet (transparent filling layer).

Claims (7)

A reflective layer that reflects light;
An angle selective transmission layer that is laminated on the reflection layer and transmits or reflects incident light and light reflected by the reflection layer with angle selectivity;
The angle-selective transmission layer is formed by forming a light-shielding wall for shielding light on one side of a substantially triangular portion of a sawtooth portion having a substantially triangular cross-section formed continuously on a transparent resin sheet that transmits light. A vehicle interior material in which a reflective skin material is provided so that a side facing the reflective layer of both the front and back sides of the light shielding wall faces the outside of the vehicle . 2. The vehicle interior material according to claim 1, wherein the light shielding wall has a reflective surface on a side facing the reflective layer on both sides of the front and back sides and an absorbent surface on the other side. The transparent filling layer provided with the back surface which makes the shape corresponding to the said saw-tooth shape, and the smooth surface on the surface which makes the saw-tooth shape of the said angle-selective permeation | transmission layer is laminated | stacked. Vehicle interior materials . It is base and the light-shielding wall and the angle of the substantially triangular is set in a range of 50 degrees to 85 degrees in the serrations, claim formed by providing Lee Nsu Torr instrument panel, at least one of the upper portion of the door trim and the rear parcel shelf The vehicle interior material according to any one of 1 to 3 .   At least one upper part of the instrument panel, the door trim, and the rear parcel shelf, the reflective skin material is provided at a portion where an inclination angle from a horizontal plane to a driver side is within 30 degrees. The vehicle interior material according to claim 4. In a method of manufacturing an angle selective transmission layer that is laminated on a reflection layer that reflects light, and transmits or reflects incident light and light reflected by the reflection layer with angle selectivity,
The pressing surface of the sawtooth forming the cross section triangular in a mold which is continuously formed on the surface of the transparent resin sheet to transmit light, the laminated body was uniformly forming a light-shielding layer for shielding the Pressurizing from the side of the light shielding layer while applying a shear stress between the pressing surface and the laminate ,
By transferring the sawtooth shape of the pressure surface to the laminated body, the laminated body has a sawtooth portion made of the transparent resin sheet having a shape matching the sawtooth shape, and one side of a substantially triangular shape in the sawtooth portion. A method for producing an angle-selective transmission layer, characterized in that a light-shielding wall comprising the light-shielding layer is disposed. The method for producing an angle selective transmission layer according to claim 6, wherein the light shielding layer includes a metal thin film formed by vapor deposition or sputtering .

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