JP4639913B2 - Skin material and interior parts - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an interior part disposed in an automobile interior and the like and a skin material used for the interior part.

  Normally, when a car is parked under hot weather, the temperature in the vehicle compartment rises. One of the causes of this temperature rise is that heat accumulated on the upper surface of the instrument panel is radiated into the air in the passenger compartment. For example, the indoor temperature of a car parked under hot weather in summer reaches about 70 ° C, and it is known that interior parts reach a high temperature of about 100 ° C on the top surface of the instrument panel and about 70 ° C on the surface of the seat. Yes.

For this reason, the conventional interior parts have a structure in which a heat receiving layer, a space retaining layer, and a solar radiation transmitting layer are sequentially laminated on a base material, thereby suppressing the surface temperature of the interior parts (for example, Patent Documents). 1).
JP 2003-205561 A

  However, in the conventional example, when a material having high brightness is used for the heat receiving layer, there is a problem that reflection at the heat receiving layer is increased, heat absorption is lowered, and window reflection occurs due to the reflection.

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a skin material and interior parts that have high heat absorption properties and that can suppress windowing of a windshield in a vehicle cabin caused by reflection.

In order to achieve the above object, a skin material according to the present invention includes a heat receiving layer provided on a base material, a space holding layer formed on the heat receiving layer, and solar radiation transmission provided on the space holding layer. The solar radiation absorption rate at least on the surface of the heat receiving layer is 10% or more and less than 70%, and the solar radiation transmission layer has a solar radiation transmittance of 30% or more and less than 80%, and the surface of the heat receiving layer The plurality of projecting portions are formed on the rear surface of the solar radiation transmitting layer, and the rear surface of the solar radiation transmitting layer is brought into contact with the top of the projecting object, whereby the space holding between the heat receiving layer and the solar radiation transmitting layer communicates with the outside air. A layer is formed .
Further, the skin material according to the present invention comprises a heat receiving layer provided on a base material, a space holding layer formed on the heat receiving layer, and a solar radiation transmitting layer provided on the space holding layer, The solar radiation absorption rate at least on the surface of the heat receiving layer is 10% or more and less than 70%, and the solar radiation transmission layer has a solar radiation transmittance of 30% or more and less than 80%, and a plurality of protrusions are provided on the back surface of the solar radiation transmission layer. Forming the space, and by contacting the surface of the heat receiving layer with the top of the projecting object, the space holding layer communicating with the outside air is formed between the heat receiving layer and the solar radiation transmitting layer. Features.

  Moreover, the interior component according to the present invention is characterized in that the skin material is provided on the surface side of a base material having heat dissipation properties.

  According to the skin material and the interior part according to the present invention, it is possible to improve heat absorption and suppress window reflection of the windshield in the vehicle interior due to reflection.

  That is, the sunlight that has entered the skin material from the solar radiation transmitting layer is reflected by the surface of the heat receiving layer and proceeds to the back side of the solar radiation transmitting layer, but is reflected again by this solar radiation transmitting layer and returned to the heat receiving layer. In this way, the incident sunlight rays are repeatedly reflected between the solar radiation transmitting layer and the heat receiving layer and proceed in the space holding layer, so that a sufficient heat collecting effect can be obtained even with a high-lightness skin material. Can do.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an entire automobile showing a portion in a vehicle compartment that employs an interior part according to an embodiment of the present invention.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the interior part can be widely used in the vehicle compartment of the automobile 1. For example, it can be suitably used for the instrument panel 3 at the front of the vehicle, the door trim 5 for the front and rear doors, the rear parcel shulf 7 and the like.

  Sunlight L is poured into the instrument panel 3 through the front window 9, the door trim 5 through the side window 11, and the rear parcel shelf 7 through the rear window 13. Interior parts tend to be hot. As described above, since the interior parts according to the present embodiment are employed in the instrument panel 3, the door trim 5 of the front and rear doors, the rear parcel shulf 7 and the like, the surface of the interior parts during parking particularly in the summer sun. It is possible to reduce the temperature and improve the vehicle cabin environment.

  FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the interior component according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  The interior component 15 includes a base material 17 that easily conducts heat and has high heat dissipation, a heat receiving layer 19 provided on the base material 17, a space holding layer 21 formed on the heat receiving layer 19, And a solar radiation transmitting layer 23 provided on the space holding layer 21. The skin material 25 includes the heat receiving layer 19, the space holding layer 21, and the solar radiation transmitting layer 23, and the interior component 15 is provided with the skin material 25 on the surface side of the base material 17.

  The heat receiving layer 19 is preferably formed from at least one of a thermoplastic olefin resin and a vinyl chloride resin. Thus, since the heat receiving layer 19 is formed of the same material as the solar radiation transmitting layer 23 described later, it can be easily formed by vacuum forming.

  And it is necessary to set the solar radiation absorptivity at least on the surface of the heat receiving layer 19 to 10% or more and less than 70%. This solar radiation absorptivity is a numerical value obtained by a measurement method based on JIS R3106. When the solar absorptivity is less than 10%, since the absorptivity at the heat receiving layer 19 is small, sufficient heat collection cannot be performed and at the same time, reflection on the surface is not possible. There is a problem that it is generated and supplied to the indoor side as heat, resulting in an increase in room temperature.

  On the other hand, when the solar radiation absorption rate is 70% or more, the heat absorption in the heat receiving layer 19 is large, the temperature of the heat receiving layer 19 is remarkably increased, and the surface temperature of the solar radiation transmitting layer 23 is increased by conducting heat to the solar radiation transmitting layer 23. There is a problem that the desired performance cannot be obtained due to the increase. Therefore, the solar radiation absorption rate at least on the surface of the heat receiving layer 19 needs to be 10% or more and less than 70%.

  The solar radiation absorption rate of the heat receiving layer 19 is preferably 30% or more and less than 60%, and more preferably 40% or more and less than 60%. Furthermore, the thickness of the heat receiving layer 19 is preferably 0.5 mm to 4 mm.

  As shown in detail in FIGS. 3 and 4, the space retaining layer 21 is formed between the heat receiving layer 19 and the solar radiation transmitting layer 23 and communicates with the outside air. Specifically, a plurality of hemispherical protrusions 27 projecting toward the solar radiation transmitting layer 23 are formed on the surface of the heat receiving layer 19, and the back surface of the solar radiation transmitting layer 23 is in contact with the tops of these protrusions 27. In this state, the solar radiation transmitting layer 23 is provided. Therefore, the space retaining layer 21 constitutes an open cell structure communicating with the outside air by the solar radiation transmitting layer 23 supported by the projecting portion 27.

  Thus, when the skin material 25 is formed by vacuum forming, the space holding layer 21 expands due to heating during vacuum forming, and the expanded air is discharged to the outside air, so that the solar radiation transmitting layer 23 may burst. Absent. On the other hand, at the time of cooling after heat-suction molding by vacuum forming, air returns from the outside air into the space holding layer 21, so that an appearance defect such as a depression of the solar radiation transmitting layer 23 does not occur. Furthermore, according to this embodiment, the surface temperature of the skin material 25 is lowered and the effect as the skin material 25 for reducing the radiant heat to the occupant is reduced. The effect of the vehicle body heat dissipation structure that dissipates heat can be sufficiently achieved.

  The projecting portion 27 may be formed on the back surface side of the solar radiation transmitting layer 23, and in this case, the top of the projecting portion 27 on the lower side (heat receiving layer 19 side) is in contact with the heat receiving layer 19. It becomes a state. Further, the shape of the projecting portion 27 is not limited to a hemispherical shape, and may be formed in a cylindrical shape.

  And the thickness of the space holding layer 21 is preferably 0.1 mm or more and 1.0 mm or less.

  When the thickness of the space holding layer 21 is less than 0.1 mm, it is difficult to sufficiently discharge the air expanded during heating to the outside air when vacuum forming the skin material 25. In addition, it becomes difficult to reduce the surface temperature of the skin material 25 to reduce the radiant heat to the passenger.

  On the other hand, when the thickness of the space holding layer 21 is larger than 1.0 mm, it is difficult to dissipate the heat of the high-temperature vehicle interior air outside the vehicle through the back surface of the heat receiving layer 19. In addition, the solar radiation transmitting layer 23 may be dented due to heat suction during vacuum forming, resulting in a poor appearance.

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, it is preferable to set the thickness of the space holding layer 21 to 0.1 mm or more and 1.0 mm or less.

In the present specification, the volume occupied by the space in the space holding layer 21 per unit area of the skin material 25 is referred to as “space volume”. The space volume is preferably 4.0 × 10 ⁻⁵ m ³ / m ² or more and 4.0 × 10 ⁻³ m ³ / m ² or less. When the space volume is less than 4.0 × 10 ⁻⁵ m ³ / m ² , the air of the space holding layer 21 acts as a heat insulating material, so the volume of the space holding layer 21 is reduced (for example, 0.4 or less). Then, the amount of the heat of the heated heat receiving layer 19 that flows back to the solar radiation transmitting layer 23 due to the solar radiation that has passed through the solar radiation transmitting layer 23 and the space retaining layer 21 increases, so the surface temperature of the solar radiation transmitting layer 23 increases. There is a problem that the temperature of the heat receiving layer 19 is lowered. That is, in order to increase the effect of reducing the radiant heat to the passenger by lowering the surface temperature of the skin material 25, the space volume of the space holding layer 21 is increased to 4.0 × 10 ⁻⁵ m ³ / m ² or more. There is a need.

On the other hand, when the space volume is larger than 4.0 × 10 ⁻³ m ³ / m ² , there is a problem that the solar radiation transmitting layer 23 is ruptured or dented during vacuum forming, and the appearance is liable to be poor. That is, in order to enhance the effect of radiating the heat of the high-temperature vehicle interior air to the outside of the vehicle through the back surface of the heat receiving layer 19 and the effect of being vacuum formed into parts, the space capacity of the space holding layer 21 is set to 4.0 × 10. ^-3 m ³ / m ² or less is necessary.

  The solar radiation transmitting layer 23 is preferably formed from one or more resins selected from the group consisting of vinyl chloride resin, thermoplastic olefin resin, acrylic resin, polypropylene resin, and polyester resin. Thereby, generation | occurrence | production of appearance defects, such as a dent of the solar radiation transmission layer by the heat | fever suction at the time of vacuum forming, and a burst of a space holding layer, can be suppressed.

  The solar transmittance of the solar transmission layer 23 needs to be set to 30% or more and less than 80%. If the solar radiation transmittance is less than 30%, the amount of solar radiation reaching the heat-receiving layer 19 is reduced, and the solar radiation is absorbed by the solar radiation transmitting layer 23, resulting in an increase in the temperature of the surface layer and the desired performance cannot be obtained. In addition, when the solar radiation transmittance is 80% or more, as an effect in the present invention, since the heat receiving layer 19 is made of a high brightness material having a high reflectance, the sunlight L reflected by the heat receiving layer 19 is directly put into the vehicle. There is a problem that the heat collecting function is impaired due to the release.

  The solar radiation transmittance of the solar radiation transmitting layer 23 is preferably 35% to 70%, and the thickness is preferably 0.2 to 1.0 mm.

  Further, it is preferable to apply at least one of matting drawing, matting coating, and transparent coloring coating to the surface of the solar radiation transmitting layer 23. Thereby, by reducing the surface temperature of the skin material 25, the radiant heat to the occupant is reduced, and the heat of the high-temperature vehicle interior air is radiated through the back surface of the heat receiving layer 19. Furthermore, the appearance quality excellent in the design property can be maintained as the interior part 15 of the automobile, and the window reflection on the window panel due to the reflection from the surface of the skin material 25 can be prevented.

  Since the base material 17 of the interior part 15 has thermal conductivity (heat dissipation), heat from the skin material 25 provided on the surface side is radiated outside the vehicle compartment via the base material 17.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the heat dissipating means 29 may be provided in the interior part 15. Specifically, the heat radiating means 29 includes a heat conducting plate 31 embedded in the base material 17, a loop type heat pipe 33 connected to the heat conducting plate 31, and a heat radiating portion attached to the heat pipe 33. The radiation fin 35 is provided. The heat conducting plate 31 can be provided, for example, by insert molding on the base material 17. According to the heat radiating means 29, the heat accumulated in the skin material 25 can be collected by the heat conducting plate 31, and this heat can be transported to the heat radiating fins 35 through the heat pipe 33. Further, it can be efficiently discharged outside the vehicle.

  Furthermore, with reference to FIG. 6, the difference in the progression of the sunlight L according to the embodiment of the present invention and the conventional example will be described.

  A solid line indicates a traveling path of the solar rays L incident on the skin material of the present embodiment, and a broken line indicates a traveling path of the solar rays L incident on the conventional skin material. Conventionally, after reflecting off the surface of the heat receiving layer, it leaks to the outside of the skin material 25 as it is. However, according to the present embodiment, the cycle of reflecting on the surface of the heat receiving layer 19 and then reflecting again on the back surface of the solar radiation transmitting layer 23 is repeated, so that the amount of sunlight rays L leaking outside the skin material 25 is greatly increased. To reduce. Therefore, according to the skin material 25 of the present embodiment, the heat absorption can be greatly improved.

  Here, a method for forming the interior part will be described.

  First, the skin material 25 is heated at a predetermined temperature (for example, about 180 ° C.) for a predetermined time (for example, 60 seconds), and vacuum-formed with a convex mold made in accordance with the surface shape.

Subsequently, the base material 17 is shape | molded by injection-molding resin (for example, glass fiber containing polypropylene resin).
And the interior component 15 is created by bonding these skin material 25 and the base material 17 using an adhesive agent.

  Note that FIG. 7 will be briefly described.

  FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the solar transmittance of the solar transmission layer and the temperature reduction width. The example of the present invention is shown by a thick solid line, and the thin broken line shows a conventional comparative example. The temperature reduction width indicates the difference between the surface temperature of the solar radiation transmitting layer and the back surface temperature of the heat receiving layer, and the better the result, the higher the ▲ T ° C.

  As shown in this graph, in the case of the present invention example where the solar radiation absorption rate of the heat receiving layer 19 is 40%, which is lower than the conventional example, when the solar radiation transmittance of the solar radiation transmission layer 23 is 30 to 80%, the temperature reduction width is Satisfy a predetermined value.

  Next, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples.

Example 1
First, a matte treatment was performed by drawing a polypropylene sheet originally deposited with a black pigment to obtain a translucent solar transmission layer 23. Next, the heat receiving layer 19 made of thermoplastic olefin was formed by forming a plurality of hemispherical projecting portions 27 and attaching black. And by laminating | stacking these heat receiving layers 19 and the solar radiation transmission layer 23, the space volume of 1.24 * 10 < ^-4 > m < ³ > / m < ² > and the open cell-like space holding layer 21 whose thickness is 0.2 mm. The skin material 25 formed with was vacuum-formed into the shape of an instrument panel.

The specifications of the skin material 25 of Example 1 are shown in Table 1 below.

  As a result of measuring the surface temperature of the solar radiation transmitting layer 23 and the back surface temperature of the heat receiving layer 19 by leaving an automobile in which the skin material 25 is installed on a base material of a conventional instrument panel in an outdoor temperature of 35 ° C. Respectively, it was 80 degreeC and 84 degreeC, and the temperature reduction width | variety was 4 degreeC. Further, since the surface reflection of the skin material 25 was small, the skin material 25 was not reflected on the window.

Examples 2-4
Moreover, also about Examples 2-4, the skin material 25 was shape | molded according to the specification of Table 1. FIG. Also in these cases, since the surface reflection of the skin material 25 was small, the skin material 25 was not reflected on the window.

Comparative Example 1
Comparative Example 1 is a thermoplastic olefin sheet that has been widely used as a skin material 25 for an instrument panel of an automobile. The solar radiation absorption rate in the heat receiving layer 19 was set to 0.94, which is larger than those in Examples 1 to 4.

  As a result of measuring the surface temperature of the solar radiation transmitting layer 23 and the back surface temperature of the heat receiving layer 19 by leaving an automobile in which the skin material 25 is installed on a base material of a conventional instrument panel in an outdoor temperature of 35 ° C. Respectively, it was 90.1 degreeC and 90 degreeC, and the temperature reduction width | variety was -0.1 degreeC. Thus, in Comparative Example 1, the surface temperature could not be reduced because the energy absorption in the solar radiation transmitting layer 23 was large. Further, since the surface reflection of the skin material 25 was small, the skin material 25 was not reflected on the window.

Comparative Example 2
First, a matte treatment was performed by drawing a polypropylene sheet originally deposited with a black pigment to obtain a translucent solar transmission layer 23. The solar radiation transmittance in the solar radiation transmitting layer 23 was set to 0.25, which is smaller than those in Examples 1 to 4. Further, a black heat-receiving layer 19 made of thermoplastic olefin having a plurality of hemispherical protruding portions 27 formed thereon was molded. The solar radiation absorption rate in the heat receiving layer 19 was set to 0.94, which is larger than those in Examples 1 to 4. And by laminating | stacking these heat receiving layers 19 and the solar radiation transmission layer 23, the space volume of 1.24 * 10 < ^-4 > m < ³ > / m < ² > and the open cell-like space holding layer 21 whose thickness is 0.2 mm. The skin material 25 formed with was vacuum-formed into the shape of an instrument panel.

  As a result of measuring the surface temperature of the solar radiation transmitting layer 23 and the back surface temperature of the heat receiving layer 19 by leaving an automobile in which the skin material 25 is installed on a base material of a conventional instrument panel in an outdoor temperature of 35 ° C. Respectively, it was 88.5 degreeC and 88.4 degreeC, and the temperature reduction width | variety was -0.1 degreeC. Thus, in Comparative Example 1, the surface temperature could not be reduced because the energy absorption in the solar radiation transmitting layer 23 was large. Further, since the surface reflection of the skin material 25 was small, the skin material 25 was not reflected on the window.

Comparative Example 3
First, a matte treatment was performed by drawing a polypropylene sheet originally deposited with a black pigment to obtain a translucent solar transmission layer 23. The solar radiation transmittance in the solar radiation transmitting layer 23 was set to 0.875, which is larger than those in Examples 1 to 4. In addition, a beige heat receiving layer 19 made of a thermoplastic olefin having a plurality of hemispherical projecting portions 27 was formed. And by laminating | stacking these heat receiving layers 19 and the solar radiation transmission layer 23, the space volume of 1.24 * 10 < ^-4 > m < ³ > / m < ² > and the open cell-like space holding layer 21 whose thickness is 0.2 mm. The skin material 25 formed with was vacuum-formed into the shape of an instrument panel.

  As a result of measuring the surface temperature of the solar radiation transmitting layer 23 and the back surface temperature of the heat receiving layer 19 by leaving an automobile in which the skin material 25 is installed on a base material of a conventional instrument panel in an outdoor temperature of 35 ° C. They were 82 ° C. and 80 ° C., respectively, and the temperature reduction range was −2.0 ° C. Thus, in Comparative Example 3, since the energy absorption in the solar radiation transmitting layer 23 was large, the surface temperature could not be reduced. Moreover, since the surface reflection of the skin material 25 was large, the reflection of the skin material 25 occurred in the window, and the visibility was lower than in the case of Examples 1 to 4.

Comparative Example 4
First, a matte treatment was performed by drawing a polypropylene sheet originally deposited with a black pigment to obtain a translucent solar transmission layer 23. The solar radiation transmittance in the solar radiation transmitting layer 23 was set to 0.25, which is smaller than those in Examples 1 to 4. Further, a black heat-receiving layer 19 made of thermoplastic olefin having a plurality of hemispherical protruding portions 27 formed thereon was molded. The solar radiation absorption rate in the heat receiving layer 19 was set to 0.05, which is smaller than those in Examples 1 to 4. And by laminating | stacking these heat receiving layers 19 and the solar radiation transmission layer 23, the space volume of 1.24 * 10 < ^-4 > m < ³ > / m < ² > and the open cell-like space holding layer 21 whose thickness is 0.2 mm. The skin material 25 formed with was vacuum-formed into the shape of an instrument panel.

  As a result of measuring the surface temperature of the solar radiation transmitting layer 23 and the back surface temperature of the heat receiving layer 19 by leaving an automobile in which the skin material 25 is installed on a base material of a conventional instrument panel in an outdoor temperature of 35 ° C. They were 90.1 ° C. and 84 ° C., respectively, and the temperature reduction range was −6.1 ° C. As described above, in Comparative Example 4, since the energy absorption in the solar radiation transmitting layer 23 is large, the surface temperature cannot be reduced. Further, since the surface reflection of the skin material 25 was small, the skin material 25 was not reflected on the window.

It is a perspective view of the whole motor vehicle which shows the site | part in a vehicle interior which can employ | adopt the interior component by embodiment of this invention suitably. It is sectional drawing which expands and shows the interior component by embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which expands and shows the skin material by embodiment of this invention in detail. It is a top view which shows the skin material of FIG. 3, and has abbreviate | omitted and shown the solar radiation transmission layer. It is sectional drawing which shows the interior component which provided the thermal radiation means. It is the schematic which shows the path | route of the solar ray which injected in the interior component by embodiment of this invention. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the solar radiation transmittance | permeability of a solar radiation transmission layer and a temperature reduction width | variety.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 3 ... Instrument panel 5 ... Door trim 7 ... Rear parcel Schulf 15 ... Interior part 17 ... Base material 19 ... Heat receiving layer 21 ... Space holding layer 23 ... Solar radiation transmission layer 25 ... Skin material 27 ... Projection part 31 ... Heat-conducting plate 33 ... Heat pipe 35 ... Heat radiation fin (heat radiation part)

Claims (11)

A heat-receiving layer provided on the substrate; a space-holding layer formed on the heat-receiving layer; and a solar radiation-transmitting layer provided on the space-holding layer, wherein the solar absorption rate at least on the surface of the heat-receiving layer is The solar radiation transmittance of the solar radiation transmitting layer is 10% or more and less than 70%, and 30% or more and less than 80% ,
By forming a plurality of projecting portions on the surface of the heat receiving layer and bringing the back surface of the solar radiation transmitting layer into contact with the top of the projecting object, between the heat receiving layer and the solar radiation transmitting layer, outside air and A skin material, characterized in that the space retaining layer communicating therewith is formed . A heat-receiving layer provided on the substrate; a space-holding layer formed on the heat-receiving layer; and a solar radiation-transmitting layer provided on the space-holding layer, wherein the solar absorption rate at least on the surface of the heat-receiving layer is The solar radiation transmittance of the solar radiation transmitting layer is 10% or more and less than 70%, and 30% or more and less than 80%,
By forming a plurality of projecting portions on the back surface of the solar radiation transmitting layer and bringing the surface of the heat receiving layer into contact with the top of the projecting object, between the heat receiving layer and the solar radiation transmitting layer, outside air and A skin material, characterized in that the space retaining layer communicating therewith is formed . The skin material according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the solar radiation absorption rate at least on the surface of the heat receiving layer is 30% or more and less than 60%. The skin material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the space holding layer has a thickness of 0.1 mm or greater and 1.0 mm or less. Claim 1, the space of the space holding layer space volume occupied per unit area of the skin material, characterized in that it is 4.0 × 10-5m3 / m2 or more 4.0 × 10-3m3 / m2 or less surface material according to any one of to 4. The skin material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein at least one of a matte drawing process, a matte paint, and a transparent colored paint is applied to a surface of the solar radiation transmitting layer. . The solar transmittance layer, claim, characterized in vinyl chloride resin, a thermoplastic olefin resin, acrylic resin, polypropylene resin, that is formed from one or more resins selected from the group of the polyester resin that 1-6 The skin material of any one of these. The skin material according to any one of claims 1 to 7 , wherein the heat receiving layer is formed of at least one of a thermoplastic olefin resin and a vinyl chloride resin. An interior part, wherein the skin material according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is provided on a surface side of a base material having heat dissipation. A heat conducting plate for collecting heat accumulated in the skin material is provided in the base material, and a heat pipe for transporting the collected heat to a predetermined heat radiating portion is connected to the heat conducting plate. The interior part according to claim 9 . The interior part according to claim 9 or 10 , wherein the interior part is applied to at least one of an instrument panel, a door trim, and a rear parcel shelf of an automobile.

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