JP2003508812A - 負分散単一モード導波路ファイバ - Google Patents
負分散単一モード導波路ファイバInfo
- Publication number
- JP2003508812A JP2003508812A JP2001522103A JP2001522103A JP2003508812A JP 2003508812 A JP2003508812 A JP 2003508812A JP 2001522103 A JP2001522103 A JP 2001522103A JP 2001522103 A JP2001522103 A JP 2001522103A JP 2003508812 A JP2003508812 A JP 2003508812A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- refractive index
- range
- dispersion
- segment
- link
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 175
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 167
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003266 Leaf® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009022 nonlinear effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013213 extrapolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005094 computer simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012821 model calculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
- G02B6/03638—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 3 layers only
- G02B6/03644—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 3 layers only arranged - + -
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02004—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating characterised by the core effective area or mode field radius
- G02B6/02009—Large effective area or mode field radius, e.g. to reduce nonlinear effects in single mode fibres
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02214—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating tailored to obtain the desired dispersion, e.g. dispersion shifted, dispersion flattened
- G02B6/02219—Characterised by the wavelength dispersion properties in the silica low loss window around 1550 nm, i.e. S, C, L and U bands from 1460-1675 nm
- G02B6/02252—Negative dispersion fibres at 1550 nm
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02214—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating tailored to obtain the desired dispersion, e.g. dispersion shifted, dispersion flattened
- G02B6/02219—Characterised by the wavelength dispersion properties in the silica low loss window around 1550 nm, i.e. S, C, L and U bands from 1460-1675 nm
- G02B6/02252—Negative dispersion fibres at 1550 nm
- G02B6/02257—Non-zero dispersion shifted fibres, i.e. having a small negative dispersion at 1550 nm, e.g. ITU-T G.655 dispersion between - 1.0 to - 10 ps/nm.km for avoiding nonlinear effects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02214—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating tailored to obtain the desired dispersion, e.g. dispersion shifted, dispersion flattened
- G02B6/02219—Characterised by the wavelength dispersion properties in the silica low loss window around 1550 nm, i.e. S, C, L and U bands from 1460-1675 nm
- G02B6/02252—Negative dispersion fibres at 1550 nm
- G02B6/02261—Dispersion compensating fibres, i.e. for compensating positive dispersion of other fibres
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02214—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating tailored to obtain the desired dispersion, e.g. dispersion shifted, dispersion flattened
- G02B6/0228—Characterised by the wavelength dispersion slope properties around 1550 nm
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03605—Highest refractive index not on central axis
- G02B6/03611—Highest index adjacent to central axis region, e.g. annular core, coaxial ring, centreline depression affecting waveguiding
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
- G02B6/03622—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 2 layers only
- G02B6/03633—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 2 layers only arranged - -
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29371—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating principle based on material dispersion
- G02B6/29374—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating principle based on material dispersion in an optical light guide
- G02B6/29376—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating principle based on material dispersion in an optical light guide coupling light guides for controlling wavelength dispersion, e.g. by concatenation of two light guides having different dispersion properties
- G02B6/29377—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating principle based on material dispersion in an optical light guide coupling light guides for controlling wavelength dispersion, e.g. by concatenation of two light guides having different dispersion properties controlling dispersion around 1550 nm, i.e. S, C, L and U bands from 1460-1675 nm
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02004—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating characterised by the core effective area or mode field radius
- G02B6/02009—Large effective area or mode field radius, e.g. to reduce nonlinear effects in single mode fibres
- G02B6/02014—Effective area greater than 60 square microns in the C band, i.e. 1530-1565 nm
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/028—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating with core or cladding having graded refractive index
- G02B6/0286—Combination of graded index in the central core segment and a graded index layer external to the central core segment
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
- G02B6/03688—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 5 or more layers
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
- Optical Communication System (AREA)
- Light Guides In General And Applications Therefor (AREA)
- Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
- Lasers (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (11)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US15243799P | 1999-09-03 | 1999-09-03 | |
| US60/152,437 | 1999-09-03 | ||
| US15284499P | 1999-09-08 | 1999-09-08 | |
| US60/152,844 | 1999-09-08 | ||
| US15679899P | 1999-09-30 | 1999-09-30 | |
| US60/156,798 | 1999-09-30 | ||
| US17426400P | 2000-01-03 | 2000-01-03 | |
| US60/174,264 | 2000-01-03 | ||
| US18525300P | 2000-02-28 | 2000-02-28 | |
| US60/185,253 | 2000-02-28 | ||
| PCT/US2000/020645 WO2001018566A2 (en) | 1999-09-03 | 2000-07-28 | Negative dispersion single mode waveguide fiber |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2003508812A true JP2003508812A (ja) | 2003-03-04 |
| JP2003508812A5 JP2003508812A5 (enExample) | 2007-09-20 |
Family
ID=27538422
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001522103A Pending JP2003508812A (ja) | 1999-09-03 | 2000-07-28 | 負分散単一モード導波路ファイバ |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6430346B1 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP1210623A4 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP2003508812A (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR20020038744A (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN1205491C (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU766856B2 (enExample) |
| BR (1) | BR0013672A (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2383660A1 (enExample) |
| MX (1) | MXPA02002395A (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2001018566A2 (enExample) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012076962A (ja) * | 2010-10-01 | 2012-04-19 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 光ファイバ用ガラス母材製造方法および光ファイバ |
| JP2013138229A (ja) * | 2005-06-15 | 2013-07-11 | Corning Inc | 高sbs閾値の光ファイバ |
Families Citing this family (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6031956A (en) * | 1997-11-17 | 2000-02-29 | Corning Incorporated | High performance single mode waveguide |
| US6496615B2 (en) * | 2000-05-22 | 2002-12-17 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | WDM transmission system |
| FR2815420B1 (fr) * | 2000-10-16 | 2003-05-16 | Cit Alcatel | Compensation de la dispersion chromatique dans un systeme de transmission a fibre optique, et fibre de compensation |
| US20030133652A1 (en) * | 2002-01-15 | 2003-07-17 | Andrekson Peter A. | Method and apparatus for improving performance in noise limited optical transmission systems |
| US6771865B2 (en) | 2002-03-20 | 2004-08-03 | Corning Incorporated | Low bend loss optical fiber and components made therefrom |
| US7747171B1 (en) * | 2002-09-10 | 2010-06-29 | Meriton Networks Us Inc. | Method and apparatus for alleviating slope-induced impairments to chirped optical signals propagating in an optical transmission system |
| US7079737B1 (en) * | 2002-10-11 | 2006-07-18 | Corning Incorporated | Devices and methods for dynamic dispersion compensation |
| JP2004328149A (ja) * | 2003-04-22 | 2004-11-18 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 光伝送システム |
| US7003203B2 (en) * | 2003-07-18 | 2006-02-21 | Corning Incorporated | Large effective area, low kappa, dispersion compensating optical fiber and telecommunication span including same |
| US6993229B2 (en) * | 2003-09-30 | 2006-01-31 | Corning Incorporated | Method of making spun optical fiber with low PMD |
| KR100651506B1 (ko) * | 2004-05-13 | 2006-11-29 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 장거리 광 통신망을 위한 광섬유 |
| US7046891B2 (en) * | 2004-07-13 | 2006-05-16 | Corning Incorporated | Low cutoff large effective area optical fiber |
| WO2006090938A1 (en) * | 2005-02-23 | 2006-08-31 | Korea Advanced Institute Of Science And Technology | Wavelength division multiplxed metro optical network using negative dispersion fiber |
| US7853109B2 (en) * | 2008-07-23 | 2010-12-14 | Corning Incorporated | Single mode optical fiber |
| US8102679B2 (en) | 2008-08-15 | 2012-01-24 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Utilization of a multifunctional pin to control a switched-mode power converter |
| US12429701B2 (en) | 2021-12-13 | 2025-09-30 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Augmented reality device based on curved waveguide, method therefor, augmented reality glasses based on said device |
| US12032200B2 (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2024-07-09 | Sterlite Technologies Limited | Trench assisted multi-core optical fiber with reduced crosstalk |
Family Cites Families (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5115440A (en) | 1991-01-03 | 1992-05-19 | Synchronous Communications, Inc. | Delay distortion compensating circuit for optical transmission system |
| FR2685835A1 (fr) | 1991-12-31 | 1993-07-02 | France Telecom | Systeme de transmission tres longue distance sur fibre optique a compensation des distorsions a la reception. |
| JP3155837B2 (ja) | 1992-09-14 | 2001-04-16 | 株式会社東芝 | 光伝送装置 |
| US5553185A (en) | 1994-12-27 | 1996-09-03 | Corning Incorporated | Controlled dispersion optical waveguide |
| US5835655A (en) | 1995-01-26 | 1998-11-10 | Corning Incorporated | Large effective area waveguide fiber |
| JP3606628B2 (ja) * | 1995-03-31 | 2005-01-05 | 富士通株式会社 | Smf伝送路を用いた光伝送システム |
| US5894537A (en) * | 1996-01-11 | 1999-04-13 | Corning Incorporated | Dispersion managed optical waveguide |
| US5613028A (en) | 1995-08-10 | 1997-03-18 | Corning Incorporated | Control of dispersion in an optical waveguide |
| US5748824A (en) | 1995-11-17 | 1998-05-05 | Corning Incorporated | Positive dispersion optical waveguide |
| TW342460B (en) | 1996-01-16 | 1998-10-11 | Sumitomo Electric Industries | A dispersion shift fiber |
| JP3369389B2 (ja) | 1996-02-08 | 2003-01-20 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 分散シフト光ファイバ |
| US5684909A (en) | 1996-02-23 | 1997-11-04 | Corning Inc | Large effective area single mode optical waveguide |
| JP3522044B2 (ja) | 1996-04-19 | 2004-04-26 | 富士通株式会社 | 光伝送システム |
| US5611016A (en) | 1996-06-07 | 1997-03-11 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Dispersion-balanced optical cable |
| US5999679A (en) * | 1997-07-14 | 1999-12-07 | Corning Incorporated | Dispersion compensating single mode waveguide |
| CA2225889A1 (en) | 1996-12-27 | 1998-06-27 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Dispersion-shifted fiber |
| US5887105A (en) * | 1997-04-28 | 1999-03-23 | Corning Incorporated | Dispersion managed optical fiber |
| AU740596B2 (en) | 1997-12-05 | 2001-11-08 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Dispersion-shifted optical fiber |
| US6317549B1 (en) * | 1999-05-24 | 2001-11-13 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Optical fiber having negative dispersion and low slope in the Erbium amplifier region |
-
2000
- 2000-07-27 US US09/626,632 patent/US6430346B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-07-28 WO PCT/US2000/020645 patent/WO2001018566A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-07-28 AU AU13265/01A patent/AU766856B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-07-28 JP JP2001522103A patent/JP2003508812A/ja active Pending
- 2000-07-28 MX MXPA02002395A patent/MXPA02002395A/es unknown
- 2000-07-28 CA CA002383660A patent/CA2383660A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-07-28 BR BR0013672-7A patent/BR0013672A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-07-28 KR KR1020027002779A patent/KR20020038744A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-07-28 EP EP00975179A patent/EP1210623A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-07-28 CN CNB008124019A patent/CN1205491C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013138229A (ja) * | 2005-06-15 | 2013-07-11 | Corning Inc | 高sbs閾値の光ファイバ |
| JP2012076962A (ja) * | 2010-10-01 | 2012-04-19 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 光ファイバ用ガラス母材製造方法および光ファイバ |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MXPA02002395A (es) | 2002-08-20 |
| BR0013672A (pt) | 2002-05-07 |
| WO2001018566A2 (en) | 2001-03-15 |
| WO2001018566A3 (en) | 2001-09-27 |
| KR20020038744A (ko) | 2002-05-23 |
| AU1326501A (en) | 2001-04-10 |
| CN1205491C (zh) | 2005-06-08 |
| US6430346B1 (en) | 2002-08-06 |
| AU766856B2 (en) | 2003-10-23 |
| CN1391656A (zh) | 2003-01-15 |
| CA2383660A1 (en) | 2001-03-15 |
| EP1210623A2 (en) | 2002-06-05 |
| EP1210623A4 (en) | 2003-01-02 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20070725 |
|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20070725 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20090804 |
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| A02 | Decision of refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02 Effective date: 20100112 |