JP2003325112A - Feed additive and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an inexpensive and safe feed additive improving the strength of the eggshell of poultry, the quality of egg and its productivity and the meat quality of livestock and its productivity, and to provide a method for producing the feed additive. <P>SOLUTION: This feed additive is obtained by dissolving calcium obtained from shells in a solution of acetic acid and citric acid. The method for producing the feed additive comprises putting the powder of the shells and water in the solution of the acetic acid with the citric acid dissolved therein, stirring a pickled liquid with the powder to promote the dissolution of the powder, stopping dissolving when the dissolution of the powder is almost finished, filtering the pickled liquid and maturing the obtained filtered liquid. The improvements of the strength of the eggshell of the poultry, the quality of the egg and its productivity, and the meat quality of the livestock and its productivity can be realized through adding the feed additive to a feed directly or to drinking water for the livestock. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a feed additive for improving the eggshell strength of poultry, improving egg quality and productivity, improving meat quality and productivity of livestock, and a method for producing the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As feed additives for livestock, amino acids and vitamins are supplemented, animal and vegetable fats and oils are supplemented as energy supplements, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, oyster shells, and other sources of calcium in the form of minerals, or inorganic calcium can be added. It is known to supply solubilized casein phosphopeptides and the like.

[0003]

However, until now, feeds that have been put to practical use for improving the eggshell strength of poultry, improving egg quality and productivity, and improving meat quality and productivity of livestock. There are no additives.

The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and is an inexpensive and safe method for improving the eggshell strength of poultry,
It is an object of the present invention to provide a feed additive and a method for producing the same that improve the quality and productivity of eggs and the meat quality and productivity of livestock.

[0005]

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present inventor has conducted diligent research and, as a result, has found that calcium, which is the main component of eggs and bones, and a solubilizing agent for calcium,
Moreover, it has been found that a composition of an organic acid which is effective in promoting digestion and nutrient absorption of feed is effective. In addition, it was found that calcium obtained from shellfish contains a large amount of various minerals and is more effective. Furthermore, it was also found that the combination of acetic acid and citric acid is most effective as the organic acid which is a calcium solubilizer and is effective in promoting the digestion and nutrient absorption of feed. In addition, it was also found that acetic acid has a great effect on promoting digestion of feed and absorption of nutrients because brewed vinegar such as vinegar contains various active ingredients. The present inventors have completed the present invention based on these viewpoints.

That is, the feed additive of the present invention is characterized in that calcium obtained from shellfish is dissolved in a solution of acetic acid and citric acid. This feed additive is used by adding it directly to the feed or by adding it to the drinking water of livestock. This makes it possible to improve the eggshell strength of poultry, improve the quality and productivity of eggs, and improve the meat quality and productivity of livestock. In addition, since this feed additive contains soluble calcium and contains an organic acid effective for the human body, it becomes an effective dietary supplement for humans.

[0007] In this feed additive, the shells are not particularly limited, but Akoya shellfish, oysters, scallops and red shells containing various minerals are particularly effective. The amount of calcium obtained from these shells is 5 to 50%, preferably 15 to 30% with respect to acetic acid. If the addition amount is less than 5%, the eggshell strengthening of poultry, which is the effect of the present invention, cannot be expected, and if it is more than 50%, the dissolution of calcium becomes incomplete at the time of production and the production becomes difficult. Absent.

Acetic acid is not particularly limited, but rice, wheat,
Brewed vinegar made by acetic acid fermentation of corn, sugar cane, and various other grains is particularly effective.

The citric acid to be added may be produced by any method such as a synthetic method or a fermentation method. The addition amount of citric acid is 1 to 20% with respect to acetic acid, preferably 2
-10%. If the amount added is less than 1%, the solubility of calcium will decline and the nutrient absorption of the feed will decrease, and if it is more than 20%, calcium will tend to precipitate and the acidity will become excessively strong. It is not desirable because it will end up.

The method for producing the feed additive of the present invention is
Put the shell powder and water in the acetic acid solution in which citric acid is dissolved, stir the pickling solution containing this powder to promote the dissolution of the powder, and stop the dissolution when the powder is almost insoluble, Then, the pickled liquid is filtered, and the obtained filtered liquid is aged. According to this manufacturing method, the feed additive can be efficiently manufactured.

Livestocks to which the feed additive of the present invention can be applied are not particularly limited, but include chickens, quail, ducks, cows,
Effective for horses, pigs, ostriches, etc.

[0012]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to embodiments.

An example of the method for producing a feed additive according to the embodiment will be described with reference to the flow chart of the production process shown in FIG.

In step ST1 (preparation of shells), shells from which shells have been removed (for example, red shells) are washed to remove shells, mud, and foreign substances adhering to the surface, and further boiled and sterilized. dry.

In step ST2 (washing of shells), the shells are washed with washing water. In particular, wash the surface of the shell clean with running water.

In step ST3 (drying the shell), the shell is completely dried. This drying is performed by sun drying or heating with a dryer.

Step ST4 (crushing and milling shells)
Then, first dry the dried shells with a crusher, then
Further, the shell pieces are milled by a mill until they become powder.

In step ST5 (pickling solution / stirring / dissolution), brewed vinegar in which citric acid is dissolved is charged into a suitable tank, and shell water is added to this solution and tap water is added. As a result, the alkaline powder begins to dissolve in the acidic pickling liquid, so that the powder accumulated at the bottom of the tank is stirred about once per hour to promote dissolution. After the start of dissolution, when the pH of the pickling liquid reaches about 7.2, the dissolution of the powder drops sharply, so the dissolution operation is stopped.

In step ST6 (filtering and aging), the solution is filtered and the filtrate is aged for about 1 month.

In step ST7 (preparation), the aged stock solution is mixed with water and diluted to about twice.

In this manufacturing process, step ST1
By ST4, the shell is prepared and then milled, but these steps may be omitted. In this case, for example, a commercially available shell powder is obtained and is subjected to the processing from step ST5.

Next, a specific example of a method for producing a feed additive will be outlined. First of all, after washing and drying the shell, it is made into powder by a pulverizer, 15 kg of this powder is put into a 200 L plastic tank, and 120 kg of brewed vinegar (acetic acid concentration 10%) in which 600 g of citric acid is dissolved is added, and water is added. About 90k
g, and soak the powder in a plastic tank. Then, due to the chemical reaction between the alkaline powder and the acidic pickling liquid, bubbles are generated from the powder accumulated at the bottom of the plastic tank, and the powder starts to dissolve. Therefore, the powder accumulated at the bottom of the plastic tank is sometimes stirred to accelerate the dissolution. After thawing
The pH of the pickling solution rises to about 7.2 in a few days. afterwards,
The pickled liquid is filtered, the filtered liquid is aged, pH value, specific gravity, color tone, odor, taste and the like are confirmed, and finally a feed additive is prepared.

Next, a concrete example will be described. [Example 1] 6-month-old laying hens (type: high line 7
7) Eighty birds were housed and bred for each individual in a 5-row cage for laying hens in an open barn. The feed used was adult chicken feed LM17 (manufactured by Japan Formula Feed Co., Ltd.). In addition, the feeding method was ad libitum by free feeding. Drinking water was made free from in-house tap water. After 4 weeks of acclimatization period, 30 birds with good egg laying rate were selected, and 10 birds each were divided into 3 types of test groups and tested.

The test conditions were the same as for the acclimatization period for livestock, feed, drinking water, etc., but for drinking water, two types of addition groups were added: 1.6% and 0.2% of the feed additive prepared above. The animals were divided into a group (without addition) and 3 groups, and were bred for 28 days.

As a result, no difference was observed in the egg-laying rate, egg weight, yolk coefficient and Hau unit between the feed additive-added group and the control group. Regarding the eggshell strength, as shown in the table of Fig. 2, after 28 days, the eggs of the control group were reduced by 2.5% from the values at the start of the test. On the other hand, 1.6% of the feed addition group,
Chicken eggs with 0.2% added have an eggshell strength of 5.0.
% Or more, and the effect of feed additives was remarkably observed.
Further, in the control group, there were variations in the value of the eggshell strength, and extremely low eggs in which the eggshell strength was reduced by 30% were observed. However, the strength of the feed-added group was stable at a high value of around 5.0%, and the egg surface had very fine texture and was smooth and beautiful.

After completion of the feed experiment, a taste test was conducted using 10 eggs from each group. The tested foods are boiled eggs,
Fried eggs and thick-boiled eggs. The taste evaluation was performed by eight panelists, and the test results are shown in the table of FIG.

According to this, the eggs of the group to which the feed additives were added were delicious eggs, in which the yolk had a deep yellow tone and there was no fishy odor. [Example 2] Eighty broiler chicks weighing about 100 g were divided into four groups of 20 broilers each, which were individually housed and housed in chicken cages in an open barn. The feed used was a broiler feed, and the feeding method was ad libitum by unrestricted feeding. Drinking water was made free from in-house tap water. The above feed additives were added to this drinking water in 4 groups, 4.0%, 1.6%, 0.4%, and no addition (control group), and the animals were raised for 29 days,
The feed intake and the weight change of chickens were examined. The results are shown in the table of FIG. 4 as changes in the thickness increase coefficient. However, the increase factor is
Expressed as feed intake / weight gain.

As shown in the table of FIG. 4, the group to which the feed additive was added efficiently increased the body weight. In particular, it can be seen that the group in which the feed additive is 1.6% has the highest effect.

Next, after 29 days, chicken was cooked into various foods and the meat quality was evaluated. The foods evaluated were bamboo shoots, boiled fish, salted and fried chicken. The evaluation was performed by eight panelists, and the results are shown in the table of FIG.

According to this, the chicken meat to which the feed additive was added was soft and had no fishy odor. Similarly, livestock such as cows and pigs can be expected to have tender and delicious meat.

The poultry house to which the feed additive was added had little bad odor, had a good working environment, and became a comfortable environment for chickens. This is due to the deodorizing effect of acetic acid in the feed additive. [Example 3] At high temperature in summer, 30 235-day-old laying hens (type: Highline 77) were divided into 3 groups with 10 birds each in a cage for open sheds and housed individually Reared. The feed is adult chicken feed L made by Japan Formula Feed Co., Ltd.
M17 was used and freely ingested. Drinking water was made free from in-house tap water. 2.0% of a liquid obtained by using only brewed vinegar for dissolution without using the water used for dissolution of the shell in the method for producing the feed additive in the drinking water,
The animals were bred separately into a group added with 1.0% and a non-added group (control group), and the feed intake and the egg laying rate were examined. The results are shown in the table of FIG.

According to this, in all the groups, a decrease in the feed intake and the egg laying rate was observed as the room temperature increased, but the decrease was particularly remarkable in the control group and the decrease was relatively small in the addition group,
This feed additive was a substance effective against high temperature stress in summer. In other words, it can be seen that it is highly effective in maintaining physical condition in the summer for livestock such as chickens, pigs, and cows. [Example 4] In the laying hens, after 400 days of age, the egg laying rate and the eggshell strength are decreased, and the number of broken eggs / soft eggs is increased. Therefore, the effect of the feed additive during this period was confirmed. The chicken used was Julia, and the number of birds was 406 days old.
There were 3861 birds in the control group, and there were 3873 birds and 3833 birds in the 441-day age, respectively. Up to 413 days of age, drinking water was given to tap water in both groups, but 41
The drinking water containing 0.2% of the feed additive similar to that of Example 1 was changed from the age of 3 days. Eggshell strength was measured by randomly collecting 30 eggs every week, and the average value of the results is shown in the table of FIG. 7.

According to this, the control group showed a decrease in eggshell strength, whereas the treatment group to which 0.2% of the feed additive was added maintained a large value of eggshell strength. The spawning rate was examined for the total number of birds in both the treated group and the control group. The treated group had a stable value, but the control group showed a gradual decrease.

The amount of drinking water in the treated group and the control group was in the range of 190.1 ml to 202.5 ml in the period of 406 days to 441 days, and there was no great difference. In addition, egg weight was also treated during the above period,
There was no big difference between the control group and the range of 64.2 g to 66.0 g.

The texture of the eggs obtained in the treatment group was fine and smooth, and the calcium carbonate forming the eggshell had a uniform spherical shape and was dense and densely arranged. [Example 5] 67800-week-old (469-day-old) laying hens (chicken of Julia) were subjected to forced molting (fasting) for 2 weeks. Chickens after forced molting (immediately after are called F1 days old) have a low egg shell strength after about F80 days old, resulting in rupture of eggs.
There are many soft eggs. Treated 7738 chickens after forced molting, Group 3
A test for increasing the eggshell strength was performed by dividing into 868 birds and 3870 birds of the control group (non-addition group). The control group continued to receive only its own tap water, but the treated group had drinking water containing 0.2% of the feed additive similar to that in Example 4 at F84 days (571 days old).
For 28 days. 20 randomly from both groups every week
Eggs were taken out individually, and the strength of the eggshell was examined, and the average value is shown in the table of FIG.

According to the results, the eggshell strength of the control group gradually decreased, while the eggshell strength of the treated group increased and the stable value was maintained.

[0037]

As described above, according to the feed additive of the present invention, the following effects can be obtained. (1) The eggshell strength of the eggs produced can be greatly enhanced. (2) The spawning rate can be improved. (3) It is possible to significantly reduce the occurrence of egg breakage and soft egg after forced molting. (4) It is possible to prolong the spawning period of the laying chicken. (5) The work efficiency at the production site can be improved by significantly reducing the number of broken eggs and soft eggs. (6) It is possible to reduce the generation of broken eggs at the distribution stage. (7) The thickness of the eggshell is increased, and a smooth surface and beautiful eggs can be produced. (8) It is possible to produce highly marketable eggs that have a deep yellow color of the yolk and a good rise (how unit) of the yolk that indicates freshness. (9) The taste of eggs can be improved. (10) Eggs can be kept fresh for a long time. (11) The fishy smell of eggs can be eliminated. (12) The meat quality of livestock becomes tender and the meat becomes delicious. (13) The deodorizing effect of the livestock house is recognized, and the working environment can be improved. (14) Livestocks are more stress-resistant and have a strong appetite even in summer and winter, making it hard to get sick.

Further, according to the production method of the present invention, feed additives having the above various effects can be efficiently produced.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing manufacturing steps in a method for manufacturing a feed additive according to an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a table showing the eggshell strength of chicken eggs with and without the addition of a feed additive in Example 1.

FIG. 3 is a table showing taste evaluation of chicken eggs with and without addition of a feed additive in Example 1.

FIG. 4 is a table showing a change in a meat thickness increase coefficient as a change in body weight of chickens with and without addition of a feed additive in Example 2.

FIG. 5 is a table showing taste evaluation of chicken meat with and without addition of a feed additive in Example 2.

FIG. 6 is a table showing feed intake amounts and egg-laying rates with and without addition of a feed additive in Example 3.

FIG. 7 is a table showing the eggshell strength of chicken eggs with and without the addition of a feed additive in Example 4.

FIG. 8 is a table showing the eggshell strength of chicken eggs with and without addition of a feed additive in Example 5.

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (72) Inventor Hideo Takahashi             15 Urakita-cho, Ukyo-ku, Kyoto F-term (reference) 2B150 AA01 AA02 AA03 AA05 AA20                       AB05 AB08 AB09 AB20 DA32                       DH04 DH29

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A feed additive, characterized in that calcium obtained from shellfish is dissolved in a solution of acetic acid and citric acid. 2. The feed additive according to claim 1, wherein the acetic acid is brewed vinegar. 3. The amount of citric acid added is 1 with respect to acetic acid.
It is -20%, Claim 1 or Claim 2 characterized by the above-mentioned.
The feed additive described. 4. The amount of calcium added is 5 to 50% with respect to acetic acid, and the calcium is added.
Alternatively, the feed additive according to claim 3. 5. A shell powder and water are added to a solution of acetic acid in which citric acid is dissolved, and the pickling solution containing this powder is stirred to accelerate the dissolution of the powder, and when the powder becomes almost insoluble. A method for producing a feed additive, which comprises stopping the dissolution, filtering the pickled liquid, and aging the obtained filtered liquid.