JP2778427B2 - Feed production - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for producing a feed, and more particularly, to a method for producing a feed in which so-called okara, which is a by-product of producing tofu, soy milk or isolated plant protein, is highly utilized as a feed.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, okara has been widely used as food and feed. However, with the recent changes in dietary habits and the increase in imported feed, the value of okara has been reduced,
At present, the treatment is becoming a social problem.

[0003] The reason that okara is difficult to use as feed is
Okara itself is very easy to putrefuse and it is difficult to collect, but the other protein content is low compared to feed materials such as soybean meal, and is not necessarily excellent in digestibility,
It has the disadvantage that it cannot be used in large quantities as feed.

For example, tofu okara has already been used as a feed, but it has the drawback of causing diarrhea when added to feed for cattle and pigs at the time of weaning, and a decrease in food intake when added to feed for adult chickens. Have. In addition, when it is incorporated into a feed for fish farming, it causes poor digestibility, poor feeding, and water quality.

[0005] In recent years, as a method of using okara for feed, animal raw materials such as fish residues and okara have been separately or mixedly introduced into oil, heated under reduced pressure and dehydrated. A method of producing a feed for cultured fish, which is subjected to a deoiling treatment, has been proposed (JP-A-62-179352, JP-A-62-179353, JP-A-62-179354). However, since the digestibility is not always good when a large amount of okara is blended in the feed, in the above proposal, a mixture of animal raw material including fish residues and the like and okara is subjected to fermentation treatment with koji mold or the like to improve digestibility. I'm trying.

However, even in these proposals, the content of protein contained in okara is low and the operation is complicated.
Not always a satisfactory method.

[0007]

As described above, the treatment of okara is a social problem, and it is desired that it be used as much as possible. Even if it is used, a large amount of okara cannot be blended and highly utilized unless the disadvantages of low protein content and poor digestibility are not solved. An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks of okara and to provide a method capable of using okara as a feed in a large amount.

[0008]

Means for Solving the Problems The inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive studies in view of the above points, and as a result, have been found to remove water-soluble hemicellulose from Okara by heating under acidic conditions near the isoelectric point. As a result, it has been found that the protein content can be easily increased, and that a digestible feed can be obtained. The present invention has been completed based on such findings.

[0009] That is, the present invention relates to the production of okara hydrate
A method for producing a feed, comprising using a treated okara from which a water-soluble hemicellulose has been removed by heat treatment under an acid near the isoelectric point as a feed.

[0010] In the present invention, okara is a by-product when producing tofu, soymilk or isolated soybean protein from soybean.
In addition to so-called okara, any of okara that is a by-product when separating protein from plant seeds other than soybeans may be used.For example, sesame, peanut, rapeseed, sunflower, oil-rich oil seeds such as cottonseed, Various okaras in which protein is separated from beans having a high protein content, such as peas, beans, and beans, can be exemplified.

In order to remove water-soluble hemicellulose from okara, first, an appropriate amount of water is added to the above okara to prepare an okara hydrate. Although the amount of water varies depending on the raw material, it is preferable to add water so that the solid content concentration becomes 3 to 30% by weight. Usually, 0 to 5 times the amount of water is suitable for wet okara. If the amount of water is too small, the workability in transportation becomes worse, and separation after heat extraction becomes difficult,
In any case, it is necessary to add water.

Next, the above okara hydrate is adjusted under acidic conditions. The acidic condition generally means a pH of 3 to
7, preferably in the range of pH 4-6. If the pH value is too high, the amount of protein eluted increases, resulting in a decrease in the protein content remaining in the solid or a too high salt concentration due to neutralization of the solid in the subsequent step. Absent. On the other hand, if the pH value is too low, it is also not preferable because the protein content decreases and the salt concentration increases. In particular, although it depends on the type of protein contained in okara, it is preferable to adjust the pH to a pH region near the isoelectric point of the protein.

Next, the pH-adjusted okara hydrate is preferably used at 150 ° C. or lower and 80 ° C. or higher, more preferably 130 ° C. or lower.
Heat to 0 ° C or higher. If the temperature at the time of the heat treatment is too high, the protein is decomposed and the protein is eluted too much, which is not preferable. On the contrary, if it is too low, the water-soluble hemicellulose fraction to be removed is hardly eluted.

Thereafter, the water-soluble fraction mainly composed of water-soluble hemicellulose extracted into the aqueous layer is separated from the precipitate. Since the quality of the separation affects the quality of the final product as feed, a separator with good dehydration performance is used. Poor separation performance makes it difficult to increase the protein content of the precipitate. There is no problem if a small amount of water-soluble hemicellulose is present in the sediment, but if it remains in a large amount, problems such as diarrhea may occur when used as feed. Any separator can be used as long as the separation performance is good. In general, a high-pressure belt press, a high-pressure filter press, a wire filter press, a screw press, electroosmotic dehydration, and the like can be used.

Thus, the water-soluble hemicellulose is extracted and removed from okara, and the treated okara obtained by appropriately drying the precipitate is used alone or as a component of the compound feed.

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain an Okara processed product having a high protein content and a high digestibility from Okara, and the Okara processed product is used in, for example, a feed suitable for cattle and pigs at the time of weaning. In addition, as a feed for adult chicken, 30% or more can be added to a conventional feed. Also,
Even if the processed okara is mixed with a feed for fish farming, the digestibility does not deteriorate and the ingestibility does not decrease, and the problem of further lowering the water quality is also solved. in this way,
The processed okara in the present invention is used for feed of livestock such as cattle, pigs, chickens, etc., and for feed of pets such as dogs and cats, or for feed of marine fish such as hamachi, thai, horse mackerel, eel, shrimp, etc. Now it can be blended widely.

[0017]

The embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to examples, but these are only examples, and the spirit of the present invention is not limited by these examples. In addition, in an example, all parts and% mean a weight basis.

Example 1 Two times the amount of water was added to raw okara obtained in the process of producing isolated soybean protein, the pH was adjusted to 4.5 with lactic acid, and the pH was adjusted to 125 at 125 ° C.
Heat extraction was performed for 5 hours. After cooling, centrifuge (10000 G x 30
Min), and separated into a supernatant and a precipitate. The precipitate separated in this way was further washed with water of an equal weight, and the precipitate obtained by centrifugation was freeze-dried with a drum dryer. The component analysis values of the processed okara product thus obtained are shown below. For comparison, the dry matter composition of the raw okara and the composition of defatted soybean meal are also shown.

Ingredient composition (%) ----------------------------------------------------------- Okara treated material Raw Okara * degreased Soybean meal −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− water content 7.3 7.6 8.9 crude protein 50.5 30.8 50.7 Crude fat 0.0 0.1 0.8--------------------------------*

As described above, the crude protein content of the raw okara is reduced from 30% to 50% by the treatment according to the present invention.
%. Using the okara-treated product thus obtained, an adult chicken feed was prepared with the following composition. This adult chicken feed was fed to 20 chickens during the spawning season. Ingestion conditions were free eating and free drinking, and the animals were bred for one month.

Formulation for adult chicken feed -------------------------------------------- Okara-treated 17.0% Maize 50.0 Myro 20.0 Fish meal 3.5 Bone meal 2.0 Pork tallow 0.5 Calcium carbonate 6.4 Salt 0.3 Vitamin / Mineral mix 0.3 -------------------- −−−− 100.0%

Comparative Example 1 An adult chicken feed was prepared in exactly the same manner as in Example 1, except that the raw okara was freeze-dried and used in place of the processed okara used in the same example. And raised similarly.

Comparative Example 2 An adult chicken was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that defatted soybean meal having a crude protein content of 50.7% was used in place of the processed okara used in Example 1. Prepare feed for
They were raised similarly.

The spawning rates of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are shown. In Example 1, the case of defatted soybean having substantially the same protein content as well as the case of okara as the raw material (Comparative Example 1) was used. It was found that the spawning rate was higher than that of (Comparative Example 2), and that the feed was excellent in digestibility and feed efficiency. Egg laying rate ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Example 87.4% Comparative example 1 68.4% Comparative example 2 82.6% --------------- −−−−−−−−

Example 2 Using the okara treated product obtained in Example 1, a compound feed for eel farming was prepared by adding an equal amount of water to the following composition. Formulated feed for eel farming ----------------------------------------- Okara-treated 20.0% fish meal 55.0 potato starch 20.0 fish oil 4.5 Vitamin / Mineral Mix 0.5 ----------------------------- 100.0%

Aquaculture was carried out using the above-mentioned compound feed for eel farming. Eel 100 with an average weight of about 30g in a 10m2 breeding pond
The animals were housed for 2 months. The rate of water exchange during the breeding period is
At about 2% per hour, the average water temperature was about 22 ° C.

Comparative Example 3 Instead of the processed okara used in Example 2, the raw material okara was freeze-dried and used, a feed for eel farming was prepared in exactly the same manner as in Example 2, and aquaculture was performed in the same manner. did.

Comparative Example 4 A feed for eel farming was prepared in exactly the same manner as in Example 2, except that defatted soybean meal having a crude protein content of 50.7% was used instead of the processed okara used in Example 2, and aquaculture was carried out in the same manner. did.

The results of rearing in Example 2, Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 4 are shown below. Breeding test results -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Example 2 Comparative Example 3 Comparative Example 4 -------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 29.2 Number of tails at the time of completion 98 98 96 97 Average weight at the time of completion (g) 49.2 44.6 47.6 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− -Weight gain per animal (g) 20.5 15.6 18.4 Feed per animal (g) 34.1 33.9 33.9 Feed efficiency (%) 60.1 46.0 55.8 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−

As described above, the results of breeding in Example 2, Comparative Example 3, and Comparative Example 4 are shown. In Example 2, not only the case of okara as the raw material (Comparative Example 3) but also the protein content of substantially the same Feed efficiency is higher than in the case of defatted soybean (Comparative Example 4),
Digestion and absorption were excellent.

[0031]

[Effect] As can be seen from the above evaluation results, by removing the water-soluble hemicellulose after heat-extracting okara under acidic conditions, the protein content is significantly increased, and the digestion and absorption of protein is improved and feed efficiency is increased. It can be used for various feeds.

────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-51-22581 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) A23K 1/00

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. An okara hydrate is converted to an acid near the isoelectric point of a protein.
A method for producing a feed, comprising using, as a feed, an Okara-treated product that has been subjected to a heat treatment below to remove water-soluble hemicellulose.