JP2003061490A - Method for cultivating rice with nitrogen-free fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for cultivating rice for harvesting palatable rice without causing any environmental pollution by eliminating axial roots through developing rice roots near the ground surface without application of any nitrogenous fertilizer as basal fertilizer or additional fertilizer. SOLUTION: This method for cultivating rice comprises the following practice: using no nitrogenous fertilizer as basal or additional fertilizer, a rooting promoter is spread on the ground surface and a phosphoric acid-containing aqueous solution is vertically spread on the leaves and the ground surface to 'develop the rice roots near the ground surface by the synergistic effect of both the rooting promoter and the phosphoric acid-containing aqueous solution and eliminate the axial roots.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for cultivating rice, and particularly to a method for cultivating nitrogen-free fertilizer rice. Here, "nitrogen-free fertilizer rice" means rice that has been cultivated and harvested without applying nitrogen fertilizer as both base fertilizer and top fertilizer.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In conventional rice cultivation, nitrogen fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer and / or a top fertilizer. As nitrogen fertilizer, not only chemical fertilizer but also compost or straw is applied. When nitrogen fertilizer is applied as a basic fertilizer, the amount is about 2 to 10 times the amount required by the plant immediately to maintain the fertilizer effect. Therefore, it was difficult to prevent environmental pollution due to excess fertilizer runoff.

As described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-4170, the present inventor has practiced, after sprouting or planting a crop in a medium without soil strength, cutting off water and nitrogen fertilizer, and starting to wither the crop. A small amount of water and nitrogen fertilizer that is about 1/10 to 1/100 of the (plow tillage method) is applied, and water and nitrogen fertilizer are repeatedly cut off and applied to have strong water absorption and fertilization power near the ground surface. A method for cultivating a plant high in vitamin C by producing fasted roots was invented and patented (Patent No. 1651468). However, this method relates to a method for cultivating a high-vitamin C plant, not only a method for cultivating rice, in addition to applying a nitrogen fertilizer.

The present inventor has described a "cultivation method for high-mineral plants" as a cultivation method using the same cultivation stage (Japanese Patent Publication No.
No. 4168) and "Cultivation method of plants low in oxalic acid"
The invention of (Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-4169) was devised and patented as Patent Nos. 1651466 and 1651467, respectively. These methods relate to a method for cultivating a high-mineral plant or a method for cultivating a plant low in oxalic acid, and not a method for cultivating rice in addition to applying nitrogen fertilizer.

In cultivating rice, it is not required that the vitamin C is high, the high mineral is not required, and the oxalic acid is not low, so that these cultivation methods are not applied. Moreover, since rice is cultivated in paddy fields in most cases, these cultivation methods using only an extremely small amount of irrigation cannot be applied.

In these cultivation methods, fast roots are developed near the ground surface to eliminate the straight roots, but none of them are related to the cultivation method of rice, and in addition, nitrogen fertilizer for top fertilizer application and discontinuation are used. It was difficult to judge the time of year, and there were drawbacks that differed depending on the grower, and there was a risk that nitrogen fertilizer would flow out slightly.

[0007] Conventionally, in the rice cultivation method, a cultivation method in which nitrogen fertilizer is not applied as base fertilizer or top fertilizer has not yet been known, and a cultivation method in which a root is developed near the ground surface to eliminate the straight root is also unknown. Has not been done.

[0008]

In cultivating rice, it is always desired to harvest delicious rice.
In normal rice cultivation, chemical nitrogen fertilizers and / or organic nitrogen fertilizers such as compost are applied as base fertilizers below the ground surface.
The roots grow deep beneath the stem and develop. When straight roots develop, rice becomes overgrown, vulnerable to pest damage, yields are low, and taste is poor. In addition, extra organic and inorganic fertilizer components flow out into the drainage of paddy fields, causing environmental pollution. The present invention harvests delicious rice without causing pest damage and environmental pollution.

[0009]

Means for Solving the Problems The present invention is applied to cultivating rice, in which nitrogen fertilizer is not applied as a base fertilizer or a supplemental fertilizer, and a rooting accelerator is sprayed on the ground surface in an amount of 50 to 200 kg per 10 a. Add 2 to 16 kg of lime phosphate to 0.0
Disperse vertically and vertically on the leaves and the ground surface as an aqueous solution containing 5 to 0.5% by weight, and eliminate the direct roots by developing the roots near the ground surface by the synergistic action of the rooting promoter and the aqueous solution containing phosphoric acid. It is a method of cultivating nitrogen-free fertilizer rice. The rice thus obtained has a low protein content of about 5.0 to 6.5% by weight. Such rice is particularly suitable for sake rice. Also,
Such rice is particularly suitable for germinated brown rice.

In the present invention, the "rooting accelerator" refers to silica or potassium silicate, and has a silicic acid content of about 20% by weight or more. It has not been known that silicacal or potassium silicate has a root-promoting action. The rooting promoter is sprayed in an amount of about 50 to 200 kg per 10 a within about two weeks after rice planting. Less than about 50 kg per 10 a is less effective, and more than about 200 kg is wasteful.

In spraying the rooting promoter, it is preferable to temporarily drop the water in the paddy field so that the rooting promoter is well absorbed by the roots. Approximately 2-1 per 10a of superphosphate
The amount of 6 kg is applied in the form of an aqueous solution containing 0.05 to 0.5% by weight of phosphoric acid. Less than about 2 kg is less effective, and more than about 16 kg is wasteful. An aqueous solution containing 0.05 to 0.5% by weight of phosphoric acid is prepared by diluting lime superphosphate with water. If it is thicker than 0.5% by weight, the leaf of rice is painful, and if it is thinner than 0.05% by weight, the effect is small.

"Up-down spraying" is called up-down spraying because it is sprayed on both the leaf surface and the ground surface. Conventionally, a phosphate fertilizer is generally applied as a base fertilizer, but in the present invention, a small amount that is absorbed by the roots as topdressing after planting is sprayed vertically on the leaves and the ground surface. Normally, phosphoric acid is not absorbed so much in rice and only slightly absorbed, but it is well absorbed in roots whose roots are promoted by a rooting promoter. When spraying vertically, it is preferable to temporarily drop the water in the paddy fields so that phosphoric acid is well absorbed by the roots. For cultivation, it is preferable to apply a commercially available photosynthetic bacterium.

[0013]

According to the present invention, delicious rice can be harvested. However, the yield is about the same as normal rice or about 20 ~
50% less. By spraying rooting accelerator and spraying phosphoric acid solution up and down, the leaf surface becomes harder and the resistance to pests becomes stronger. The rice of the present invention is low in protein, so the rice is delicious. Especially suitable for sake rice. When brewing sake, the amount of whiteness is low, the sake becomes delicious, and the amount of bran and broken rice is small. Rice is more vigorous, vigorous, and has less defective seeds that do not germinate than those obtained by conventional cultivation methods.

[0014]

[Example] (Example 1) Koshihikari was cultivated in a paddy field in Yoshikawa-cho, Nakakubiki group, Niigata prefecture, and compared with a conventional cultivation method. Cultivation conditions and results were as shown below (per 10a). The method of the present invention Conventional cultivation method Seeding time April 1 April 1 Rice planting / Date May 5 May 5 Number of planted plants 50 / tsubo 50 / tsubo Type and amount of fertilizer No base fertilizer or ear fertilizer applied 400 kg of rice straw was sown before cultivating, and 4 kg of ammonium salt, 5 kg of phosphorus and 10 kg of potassium chloride were applied as basic fertilizers. Further, 4 kg of ammonium sulfate, 4 kg of ammonium, 4 kg of ammonium chloride, 3 kg of ammonium phosphate, and 12 kg of potassium chloride were applied as the ear fertilizer. Rooting accelerator May 18 Not applied 100 kg of potassium silicate was sprayed. Aqueous solution containing phosphoric acid Not applied twice on June 6th and 26th An aqueous solution containing 7.5 kg of lime superphosphate was sprayed up and down on 300 liters of water each time. Growing status Average culm length 79cm Average 85cm Number of stalks Average 16 stalks Average 25 ears Average length 19cm Average 17cm Others Hard and thick stems Thin stalks and soft disease Occurrence of almost no pest Blight or blast Harvest time September 15 September 15 Daily yield 6-7 bales 8-9 bales Quality / grade 1 etc. 1-2 etc. Protein 5.2 wt% 7.0 wt% Amylose 19.5 wt% 20.2 wt% Fatty acids 18.0 wt% 19. 4% by weight

Example 2 Sasanishiki was cultivated in 50a paddy fields in Ogata Village, Akita Prefecture, and compared with the conventional cultivation method. Cultivation conditions and results were as shown below (per 10a). The method of the present invention Conventional cultivation method Seeding period April 9 April 9 Rice planting / Date May 14 May 14 Number of planted plants 50 / tsubo 50 / tsubo Type and amount of fertilizer No base fertilizer or ear fertilizer applied 400 kg of rice straw was sown before cultivating, and 4 kg of ammonium chloride, 10 kg of superphosphate and 10 kg of potassium chloride were applied as basic fertilizer. Moreover, as the fertilizer, 5 kg of ammonium sulfate, 4 kg of phosphorus and 10 kg of potassium chloride were applied. Rooting accelerator May 28 Not applied, 160 kg of potassium silicate was sprayed. Aqueous solution containing phosphoric acid No application on June 20 and July 3 twice spraying each time In 300 liters of water contains 7.5 kg of lime superphosphate and 50 g of photosynthetic bacteria (trade name PSB (Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd.)) Aqueous solution was sprayed up and down Growth status Heading time August 5th-August 9th July 30th-August 5th Short culm Short (harvest sunshine good) Long (bad sunshine strain) No pest damage A little stink bug Harvest time September 18 September 15 Harvest 8 bale 10 bale Quality / grade High quality first grade rice Normal first grade rice protein 5.0% by weight 7.0% by weight Amount of scrap rice about 6 kg about 30 kg

(Example 3) 1 in each of Yoshikawa-cho, Nakakubiki group, Niigata prefecture
Yamada Nishiki was cultivated in the paddy field of 0a and compared with the conventional cultivation method. Cultivation conditions and results were as follows (each 10a
Hit). The method of the present invention Conventional cultivation method Seeding time April 1 April 1 Rice planting / Date May 5 May 5 Number of planted plants 50 / tsubo 50 / tsubo Type and amount of fertilizer No base fertilizer or ear fertilizer applied 400 kg of rice straw was sown before cultivating, and 4 kg of ammonium salt, 10 kg of phosphorus and 10 kg of chloride were applied as base fertilizers. Furthermore, 4 kg of ammonium sulfate, 4 kg of ammonium, 4 kg of ammonium chloride, 3 kg of ammonium phosphate and 12 kg of potassium chloride were applied as the ear fertilizer. Rooting accelerator May 18 Not applied 100 kg of potassium silicate was sprayed. Aqueous solution containing phosphoric acid No application twice on June 6 and 26 June Spraying an aqueous solution containing 7.5 kg of lime superphosphate and 80 g of photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) in 300 liters of water each time. Growth status Average culm length 85cm Average 95cm Number of stalks Average 16 pcs Average 18 ears Average length 19cm Average 17cm Others Hard and thick stalks Fine stalks and soft fir numbers Average 85 corn Average 75 corn Occurrence of pests Almost none Harvest time October 10 Sun October 10 Chief of Staff and Situation of lodging No lodging was seen. Since he was overcrowded, he laid down before the harvest. Yield 6 bales 5 bales Quality / grade 1 etc.-2 etc. 2-3 etc. Protein 5.2% by weight 7.2% by weight Amylose 19.2% by weight 20.5% by weight Fatty acids 16.7% by weight 19.7% by weight %

Niigata Prefecture, which is the experimental site, is considered unsuitable for cultivation of "Yamada Nishiki" since it exceeds the northern limit. For this reason,
With the conventional cultivation method, it was impossible to obtain a quality of rice that could be used as sake rice. In the conventional cultivation method, the rice was overgrown, and the stems and culms were thin, so it could not bear the weight of the rice ears before harvest and the strong winds associated with autumn rain, and it almost fell, resulting in poor yield and quality. In addition, such sake rice has no commercial value because it is not delicious as edible rice.

When pure rice liquor was produced by the traditional method using Yamada Nishiki harvested as in Example 3, the degree of rice polishing was small, the number of bran was small, and the rice polishing rate was high.
We were able to make delicious sake at a low cost of about 30%, with less rice polishing time, less miscellaneous taste, and high aroma. This sake is delicious and can be sold at high prices.

Koshihikari cultivated according to the method of Example 1 and Koshihikari cultivated according to the conventional cultivation method
To germinate and make germinated brown rice, soak each in water at a temperature of 25 ℃ for 24 hours, and then in a dark place keeping the temperature at 25 ℃.
Both were contrasted by holding for 4 hours. Koshihikari obtained by the conventional method had about 10% of poor seeds that did not germinate, whereas Koshihikari obtained by the method of the present invention was vigorous and vigorous, and the number of poor seeds was about 5% or less. In the case of brown rice, the germination rate is lower than that of paddy because the embryo is damaged. Koshihikari obtained by conventional method is 25 ℃
When kept in a dark place for 24 hours, white mold was occasionally spotted and it was often impossible to continue production. When an antifungal agent was used to eliminate this drawback, anxiety was caused in terms of safety and the taste was significantly deteriorated. Moreover, when it was dipped in a large amount, it fermented excessively and began to rot. In addition, the germinated brown rice produced has a poor retention for days after production, and there is a risk of spoilage bacteria, etc., and it was necessary to wash with chlorine or a large amount of water for sterilization, but chlorine and a large amount of washing were required. When water was used, chlorine remained, and a large amount of water-soluble nutrients such as vitamin C flowed out, resulting in a marked deterioration in taste. On the other hand, Koshihikari obtained by the method of the present invention does not cause such a defect,
The produced germinated brown rice was safe and kept well in the sun, was delicious, and was rich in nutrients such as vitamin C, and of good quality. The sprouted brown rice produced by the present invention is extremely suitable as a diet food. The germinated brown rice according to the present invention can be easily produced at home in a pot with a lid. In the production of germinated brown rice, the seed and the cultivation container can be sold as a cultivation set or used as a gift. A simple cultivation container, for example, a plastic pickled container with a lid can be used.

[0020]

[Effect] Poor nutrition, that is, the amount of fertilizer applied is small, so it is economical and has a small impact on the environment. The protein of rice is reduced, the rice becomes delicious, and rice suitable for sake rice is obtained.
When brewing sake, the amount of whiteness is low, the sake becomes delicious, and the amount of bran and broken rice is small. Environmental pollution due to outflow of organic and inorganic fertilizer components into the drainage of paddy fields can be prevented.

Since the straight roots disappear, the taste becomes better and the bran becomes tastier than the normally cultivated rice. This is the same as wine grapes, and good grapes taste good near the skin, so you can make delicious sake by brewing sake without scraping off the bran, just as you can make delicious red wine. The bran and germ contain many important nutrients such as vitamins.

Ordinary rice is generally ground to 35% and scraped. I can't brew good sake because the bran smells bad. Sake made from poor nutrition rice is delicious. Sake made from brown rice harvested by the cultivation method of the present invention becomes good-quality sake like good red wine. In addition to saving the capital investment, labor and energy required for rice polishing, the amount of waste that causes environmental pollution such as rice bran and rice washing wastewater will be reduced.

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. When cultivating rice, neither root fertilizers nor nitrogen fertilizers are applied as root fertilizers, and 50 to 200 kg of rooting accelerators are sprayed on the ground surface per 10 a, and 2 to 10 g of superphosphate are added per 10 a.
16 kg of phosphoric acid as an aqueous solution containing 0.05 to 0.5% by weight is sprayed vertically on the leaves and the ground surface, and roots are developed near the ground surface by the synergistic action of the rooting promoter and the aqueous solution containing phosphoric acid. A method for cultivating nitrogen-free fertilizer rice characterized by eliminating straight roots. 2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein a photosynthetic bacterium is applied. 3. A protein obtained by the cultivation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the protein is 5.0 to. Rice as low as 5% by weight. 4. A liquor produced using the rice according to claim 3. 5. Germinated brown rice produced using the rice according to claim 3.