JP2003034920A - Structure of environment conservation block for river and channel - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a structure of an environment conservation block for rivers and channels which can create a space (a biotope) extremely suitable for growing of not only aquatic animals such as fish but also plants such as submerged plants and emergent plants in natural rivers and artificial channels and has an extremely high degree of contribution to natural environment conservation. SOLUTION: The structure of the environment conservation block for rivers and channels is constituted in such a manner that at least one opening part is provided to an approximately box-shaped or an approximately bowl-shaped block made of concrete, the block is installed upsidedown on a bottom surface of a river or a channel so as to form a space between the block and the bottom surface of the river or the channel, and the opening part is set to communicate with the space.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an environmental protection block structure for river waterways, which can create a growth space (biotope) for plants and animals in natural rivers and artificial waterways and can greatly contribute to environmental protection.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Rivers and pools are formed in natural rivers, and their water and watersides are valuable growth spaces for a wide variety of plants and animals. Therefore, from the viewpoint of environmental conservation, it is most preferable to leave the natural river as it is without any modification. However, natural rivers can cause a great deal of damage to our lives if they are left as they are due to floods or floods, and river rehabilitation work is necessary to prevent such river disasters or to restore from disasters. Has been done a lot. Conventionally, such river repair work has often been done by so-called three-sided construction in which the riverbed and slope are covered with concrete. However, concrete-lined rivers can no longer be suitable growth spaces for flora and fauna, and there are many cases where fauna and flora that had inhabited the river for a long time have become extinct due to renovation work.

Therefore, in recent years, in order to prevent such adverse effects, a construction method in consideration of environmental conservation has been adopted. Among these environmentally friendly construction methods, the construction methods applied to the riverbed are the woodworking and sinking method in which a wooden frame with stones is fixed to the riverbed with piles, and the basket with a metal basket with stones submerged in the riverbed. Typical construction methods include a mat construction method and a rubble construction method of stacking natural stones of various sizes on a river bed.

However, with regard to the woodworking floor construction method and the basket mat construction method, with the passage of time, the woodworking floor construction method suffers from decay of the wooden frame, and the basket mat construction method suffers from rusting and breaking of the metal wire. There was a problem that the maintenance work for re-loading was difficult because the stones in the building collapsed. Further, the rubble stone method is a preferable method in the sense that it is the most natural, but there is a problem that it is difficult to procure it if there is no suitable natural stone on site.

The river bed on which these construction methods are applied is
The formation of spaces between stones provided a suitable growth space for aquatic animals, but it could not be a suitable bed for the growth of submerged plants and extracted plants that grow in natural rivers. This is because the growth of these plants requires soil for rooting, but when stones are piled up, the roots of the plants cannot be extended to the river bed, and the space formed between stones This is because there is no soil in this area and it is not possible to establish roots in this space. It is a well-known fact that plants growing in rivers exert a water purification effect, and in view of this fact, not only protection of aquatic animals such as fish but also protection of plants is not only important for conservation of the natural environment in rivers. It should be said that they are required equally, but it must be said that the above-mentioned conventional construction methods are focused on animal protection and lack plant protection.

[0006] In rivers, it is often found that suspended solids adhere to aquatic plants, river bed gravel, rocks, etc. However, such suspended solids adversely affect the growth of plants, and It also reduces the comfort needed by the animals to live in and hinders the production of eggs on aquatic plants. In order to flow such suspended matter, it is necessary to increase the flow velocity. However, even if there is a small amount of suspended solids, if a dam is constructed upstream, particles from the mountains will settle in the dam and will not flow downstream. As a result, over the years, the boulders were all stones with a large grain size, and the soil needed by aquatic plants had been lost.

It has also been attempted to artificially change the flow velocity of water by forming natural stones or natural stone-like concrete blocks on the riverbed at appropriate intervals to form streams or pools. However, it did not contribute to the growth of plants in the river bed. In other words, between the stones and blocks placed at such intervals, the fine particles such as soil flow due to the increase in the flow velocity, so that the plant cannot take root and the stones Since the blocks and blocks are full of contents, it was naturally impossible for the plants to grow roots inside them.

[0008] As described above, in the conventional construction method, even if it seems that the conservation of the existing natural environment was successful by temporarily protecting the aquatic animals, the soil is lost in the long term. It was impossible to grow aquatic plants, and water quality deteriorated, lack of oxygen in the water, or lack of spawning sites caused aquatic animals to be destroyed in a chain.

[0009] It should be noted that the environmental conservation type block applied to the slope of a river includes a block configured to open the upper surface and fill the soil with the opening. The block filled with soil for use is only used for slope greening, and no consideration has been given to installation on the riverbed.If such a block is installed on the riverbed as it is, The soil flowed out immediately from the opening, and could not fulfill the function of plant growth for a long time.

On the other hand, an artificially created water channel such as a drainage channel is not a natural river, and there is no room for plants to grow because its bottom surface is covered with concrete. If water is clean, fish and crayfish will settle in these waterways, but the quality of water tends to deteriorate because the purification effect of plants does not work.
In many cases, sludge accumulated within a short period of time, making it unsuitable for animal habitation.

There are also concrete fish reef blocks that are submerged in the riverbed to provide a home for fish and aquatic animals such as giant salamanders. However, such a fish reef block is only intended to provide a dwelling place for aquatic animals, and the use of this block for growing plants has not been envisaged at all.

[0012]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention was created to solve the above-mentioned problems, and in natural rivers and artificial waterways, not only aquatic animals such as fish but also submerged plants and extracted plants The purpose of the present invention is to provide an environmental protection block structure for river waterways, which makes it possible to create a space (biotope) suitable for plant growth and which has a very high contribution to the conservation of the natural environment.

[0013]

The invention according to claim 1 is
At least one opening is provided in a substantially square or bowl-shaped concrete block, and the block is installed upside down so that a space is formed between the block and the bottom of the river or waterway, and the opening is formed. The present invention relates to an environmental protection block structure for river waterways, characterized in that a part communicates with the space. In the invention according to claim 2, at least one opening is provided at a required location other than the lower surface of a concrete block having a hollow appearance and having a natural stone appearance, and the block is installed on the bottom of a river or waterway. The present invention relates to an environmental protection block structure for river waterways, characterized in that a part communicates with the cavity. According to a third aspect of the present invention, at least one opening is provided in a substantially flat concrete block, and a projecting portion is integrally provided on the lower surface of the block, or a separate block is interposed so that the river or Installed on the bottom of the waterway so that a space is formed between the bottom and
The present invention relates to a river channel environmental protection block structure in which the opening communicates with the space. The invention according to claim 4 relates to the environmental protection block structure for a river channel according to claim 3, wherein the projecting portions are provided on the upper surface and the lower surface of the substantially flat plate-shaped block.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the projecting portion is composed of a plurality of pairs of projecting pieces provided at regular intervals, and a flat plate is provided in the gap between the projecting pieces forming the pair. The environmental protection block structure for river waterways according to claim 4, wherein the block is sandwiched in the thickness direction and is erected and fixed on the block at a substantially right angle. The invention according to claim 6 is
The substantially flat plate block has a quadrangular shape in a plan view, and a concave portion is provided on the upper surface in the vicinity of one of the two adjacent sides to form an upward engaging portion, and the lower surface in the vicinity of the other adjacent two sides is formed. Also has a similar recessed portion to form a downward engaging portion, and by engaging the upward engaging portion and the downward engaging portion, adjacent substantially flat plate-shaped blocks are closely arranged. The environmental protection block structure for river waterways according to claim 3. In the invention according to claim 7, a recess is provided on the lower surface of the substantially flat plate-shaped block,
The environmental protection block structure for river waterways according to claim 3, wherein the separate block is inserted into the lower surface of the substantially flat plate-like block by inserting the upper surface of the separate block into the recess. In the invention according to claim 8, the inside of the separate block is hollow and is filled with soil, and the substantially flat block is formed so that the hollow portion communicates with the opening formed in the substantially flat block. The environmental protection block structure for river waterways according to claim 7, wherein the block structure is arranged on the lower surface of the.

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, a groove or a recess is provided on the lower surface of the substantially flat plate-like block, and a plurality of sets of block structures are formed by fitting separate blocks into the groove or the recess. The environmental protection block structure for river waterways according to claim 7, wherein a plurality of sets of block structures are vertically stacked. The invention according to claim 10 is characterized in that the substantially flat plate-shaped block is installed so as to be inclined so that the upstream side becomes higher, and a curved or curved passage serving as a passageway for the fish is formed on the upper surface thereof. The environmental protection block structure for river waterways according to claim 3. The invention according to claim 11 relates to the environmental protection block structure for a river canal according to claim 10, characterized in that the passage is formed by a natural stone embedded in the upper surface of the block. In the invention according to claim 12, at least one opening is provided in the concrete block, and a part of the block is brought into contact with the bottom surface and side wall of the water channel so that a space is formed between the block and the side wall of the water channel. The present invention relates to an environmental protection block structure for a river waterway, characterized in that the opening is communicated with the space. The invention according to claim 13 relates to the environmental protection block structure for a river canal according to claim 12, characterized in that the block is formed by integrating two box-shaped blocks in an L shape.

According to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention, the opening is
The environmental protection block structure for river waterways according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the block is provided on a side surface and an upper surface of the installed block. According to a fifteenth aspect of the present invention, the block is installed by interposing a concrete receiving plate, sponge or impermeable sheet between the block and the bottom surface of the river or water channel. 15. The environmental protection block structure for river waterways according to any one of 1 to 14. The invention according to claim 16 relates to the environmental protection block structure for a river canal according to claim 15, wherein the plan view shape of the receiving plate is a quadrangle or a hexagon. According to a seventeenth aspect of the present invention, the concrete block is provided with at least one opening, and the block is installed on the bottom surface so that a space is formed between the block and the bottom surface of the river or waterway. In a block structure adapted to communicate with a space, the block is formed of a base block installed on a bottom surface of a river or a waterway, and a lid block placed on an upper portion of the base block. Concerning the environmental protection block structure for river channels.

The invention according to claim 18 is characterized in that the base block comprises a fume tube.
It relates to the environmental protection block structure for river waterways described. The invention according to claim 19 relates to the environmental protection block structure for a river canal according to claim 17, characterized in that the lid block and the base block are provided with an opening communicating with the space. The invention according to claim 20 is characterized in that a positioning convex portion for positioning the lid block on the base block is provided on the lower surface of the lid block. Environmental protection block structure. The invention according to claim 21 is characterized in that the base block is composed of a plurality of blocks formed in a substantially Π shape in a plan view, and the plurality of base blocks are continuously arranged. Environmental protection block structure for river waterways. The invention according to claim 22 relates to the environmental protection block structure for a river canal according to claim 17, characterized in that a plurality of base blocks having different heights are arranged in close contact with each other or at intervals.

The invention according to claim 23 is characterized in that a plurality of base blocks are arranged in close contact with each other or at intervals, and lid blocks having different heights are placed on the base blocks. The environmental protection block structure for river waterways according to claim 17. The invention according to claim 24 is characterized in that the side wall of the block is provided with a notch for fitting and standing up a weir plate, and the environmental protection block structure for river waterways according to claim 1 or 3 is characterized in that Regarding The invention according to claim 25 is characterized in that at least two blocks are arranged in a row in a flow direction, and a weir plate is interposed between these blocks, and the river channel environmental protection block structure according to claim 1 or 3. Regarding The invention according to claim 26 is characterized in that a block inclined so that the downstream side becomes higher and a block inclined so that the upstream side becomes higher are installed with the raised sides of both blocks facing each other. The present invention relates to the environmental protection block structure for river canals according to Item 1 or 3.

According to the twenty-seventh aspect of the present invention, the blocks inclined so that the downstream side becomes higher and the blocks inclined so that the upstream side becomes higher are installed alternately in the width direction of the river or waterway. The present invention relates to the environmental protection block structure for river waterways according to claim 1 or 3. According to a twenty-eighth aspect of the present invention, at least one opening is provided in a cylindrical concrete block and the block is divided into two parallel to the lengthwise direction, and the divided surface is a lower surface between the bottom surface of a river or a waterway. The present invention relates to an environmental protection block structure for a river waterway, which is installed on the bottom surface so that a space is formed therein, and the opening communicates with the space. According to a twenty-ninth aspect of the invention, the arcuate side surface of the installed block is cut out at a right angle to the dividing surface to form a flat surface portion, and the flat surface portions are brought into contact with each other, whereby a plurality of flat surfaces are formed. 29. The environmental protection block structure for river canals according to claim 28, wherein the blocks are arranged in close contact with each other. The invention according to claim 30 is characterized in that a support lid block is fitted to one or both of the lengthwise open end faces of the block so as to close the open end face, and the block is installed on the bottom of a river or waterway. Item 28. An environmental protection block structure for river waterways according to item 28 or 29.

According to a thirty-first aspect of the present invention, a plurality of concrete blocks having irregularities on the surface are piled up by engaging the irregularities so that gaps are formed between the blocks and installed on the bottom of a river or waterway. The present invention relates to an environmental protection block structure for river waterways, characterized in that a cavity is formed inside at least one of the stacked blocks and an opening communicating with the cavity is provided. Claim 3
The invention according to 2 is characterized in that the space or cavity is filled with a water purification material such as soil for growing plants and / or oyster shells, and the environmental protection block for river waterways according to any one of claims 1 to 31. Regarding the structure. The invention according to claim 33 relates to the environmental protection block structure for a river waterway according to any one of claims 1 to 32, wherein a mesh material is fixed so as to cover the opening of the block. The invention according to claim 34 is characterized in that the space or cavity is divided into a plurality of sections, and the river channel environmental protection block structure according to any one of claims 1 to 33.

According to a thirty-fifth aspect of the invention, the river channel environment according to any one of the first to thirty-fourth aspects is characterized in that the opening is a knock-out type opening that can be punched out if necessary. Conservation block structure. The invention according to claim 36 is characterized in that the opening is formed in a stepped shape from the inner surface to the outer surface or from the outer surface to the inner surface in a stepwise manner. Regarding block structure. The invention according to claim 37 is characterized in that a cap having a through hole is detachably fitted into the stepwise expanded opening portion, and the river channel environmental protection block according to claim 36. Regarding the structure. The invention according to claim 38 relates to the environmental protection block structure for a river canal according to any one of claims 1 to 37, wherein a side surface of the block is formed to be curved in a water flow direction.

The invention according to claim 39 is characterized in that a protrusion-shaped or eave-shaped protrusion is provided on the side surface of the block, and the environmental protection block for river canals according to any one of claims 1 to 38 is featured. Regarding the structure. The invention according to claim 40 is characterized in that unevenness is provided on a side surface of the block, and the adjacent blocks can be closely arranged by engaging the unevenness.
The present invention relates to the environmental protection block structure for river waterways described in any of the above. The invention according to claim 41 is characterized in that an iron wire is exposed from a side surface of the block, and adjacent blocks can be connected to each other by the iron wire.
The present invention relates to an environmental protection block structure for river waterways according to any of 0. The invention according to claim 42 relates to the environmental protection block structure for a river waterway according to any one of claims 1 to 41, wherein a handle for carrying a block is detachably attached to the opening.

The invention according to claim 43 is characterized in that unevenness is formed on the surface of the block, or the block is formed in a porous shape.
The environmental protection block structure for river canals according to any of 2 above. The invention according to claim 44 is characterized in that the irregularities on the surface of the block are formed by exposing the aggregate by washing out the surface at the time of manufacturing the block. Regarding The invention according to claim 45 relates to the environmental protection block structure for a river waterway according to claim 1, wherein the block is a hexagonal block in a plan view.
In the invention according to Claim 46, the block is a box-shaped block, and an opening is provided on the upper surface in the installed state, and a weight made of concrete for preventing the box-shaped block from moving in the opening. The block for use is fitted and installed on the bottom of a river or waterway.
Environmental protection block structure for river canals described.

The invention according to claim 47 is characterized in that the weighting block has a cavity inside and has at least one opening at a required position except for the bottom surface.
It relates to the environmental protection block structure for river waterways described in 6. In the invention according to claim 48, the box-shaped block is installed with a concrete receiving plate interposed between the block and the bottom surface of the river or water channel, and another box-shaped block is provided on the block above the receiving plate. Further, the present invention relates to an environmental protection block structure for river waterways according to claim 1, wherein a bowl-shaped block is provided. According to a 49th aspect of the present invention, a plurality of concrete blocks having unevenness on the surface are stacked on the upper part of the box-shaped block by meshing the unevenness so that gaps are formed between the blocks. The present invention relates to an environmental protection block structure for river waterways according to claim 1.
The invention according to claim 50 is a block structure in which a plurality of concrete blocks are placed in close contact with each other so that a space is formed between the blocks and the bottom surface of a river or waterway, A river water channel characterized in that a notch reaching the upper surface is formed on at least one side surface, and an opening consisting of a through hole communicating with the space is formed by matching the notches of adjacent blocks. Environment protection block structure

[0025]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The environmental protection block structure for a river channel (hereinafter simply referred to as a block structure) according to the present invention is constructed by installing a concrete block on the bottom of a natural river or an artificial channel. A preferred embodiment of the block structure according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In the present specification,
The bottom of the river (river bed) basically means a natural river bed without concrete, and the bottom of the waterway means a concrete bottom. However, the present invention can also be applied to a concrete-lined river bed, and in this case, it may be applied in the same manner as when it is applied to a concrete-lined waterway. Further, in each of the embodiments, the case where the invention is applied to the bottom surface of either the river or the waterway is shown in order to avoid duplication of description, but the application examples of the river and the waterway can be exchanged.

FIG. 1 is an external view showing a first embodiment of a block structure according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a rear view of a block used in this first embodiment. In the block structure of the first embodiment, a substantially shovel-shaped concrete block (1) is turned upside down and installed on the bottom surface (T1) of a concrete-lined water channel. In addition, in the present specification, a substantially box-like shape means, in addition to a square box shape in which only one end surface of a square tube is opened, a hexagon box shape in which only one end surface of a hexagonal tube is opened, or only one end surface of a cylinder is opened. It covers a shape in which only one end surface of a cylindrical body is open, such as a circular shape.

As shown in FIG. 2, the block (1) is formed in a generally square shape as a whole.
1 is installed upside down as shown in FIG. 1, so that a space is formed between the bottom surface (T1) of the water channel and the block (1). In addition, the block (1) is provided with a plurality of openings (2) consisting of through holes on the upper surface (lower surface in the state of FIG. 2) in the installed state, and from the cutouts at the lower ends of the two opposite side surfaces. A plurality of openings (3) are provided. Unless otherwise specified in the following text, the upper surface of the block (1) is the upper surface in the installed state, the opening (2) is a through hole, and the opening (3) is a cutout. Then, the space formed between the bottom surface (T1) of the water channel and the block (1) is filled with soil for growing plants. Further, as described later, it is possible to fill the water purification material such as oyster shells in place of the soil.

According to the block structure of the present invention described above, as shown in FIG. 3, plants (S) that grow in the river such as submerged plants and extracted plants are vegetated by using the openings. The plant can grow by rooting in the soil filled in the space, and it becomes possible to purify the water quality of the waterway by this plant.

The openings (2) and (3) are preferably covered with a mesh material (40) made of palm fibers or the like as shown in FIG. The mesh material (40) can prevent soil from flowing out and also prevent plant runoff by entanglement of plant roots. The method for fixing the mesh material (40) is not particularly limited, and the anchor bolt (41) is used in the illustrated example.
It shows the state of being fixed by. Further, the mesh material (40) may be provided on both the inner surface side and the outer surface side of the opening, but if it is provided on both sides as shown in the figure, the function of preventing soil runoff and plant runoff is more effectively exerted. It is preferable because it can be performed.

When vegetating plants, as shown in FIG. 5, a pot (42) in which seedlings of plants (S) are planted may be fitted into the opening (2), or the soil filling the space may be filled. Vegetation can also be performed by previously mixing plant seeds with. Further, as shown in FIG. 6, when a sponge (4) is interposed between the block (1) and the bottom (T1) of the water channel, the block (1) and the bottom (T1) are
It is possible to improve the adhesion to the soil, which makes it difficult for the soil to flow out.

Not only the first embodiment but also all the embodiments of the present invention, when the plant to be vegetated is a hydroponic plant which does not require soil, it is formed. It is not necessary to fill the space to be filled with soil. In this case, it becomes possible for fish to enter the space, and it can also serve as a fish reef. further,
A configuration in which the space portion is filled with a water purification material such as oyster shells instead of soil can also be preferably adopted. In addition, in all the embodiments, the space formed between the bottom of the river or the waterway by installing the block (1) can be filled with soil and vegetation can be planted in the opening. It is also possible to fill it with a purification material. Furthermore, in order to prevent the soil from flowing out, a structure is adopted in which the space is not directly filled with soil, but a bag or container filled with soil together with plant seedlings or seeds is stored in the space or is filled in the opening. It is also possible. Also,
It is also possible to divide the space into a plurality of compartments and to fill the soil and the water purification material separately into each compartment. In addition, if the soil has decreased a little due to a flood, it can be replenished through the opening (2).

FIG. 7 is an external view showing a second embodiment of the block structure according to the present invention, and FIG. 8 is a rear view of a block used in this second embodiment. In the block structure of the second embodiment, a substantially bowl-shaped concrete block (1) is installed upside down and installed on the bottom surface (T2) of a natural river. As shown in FIG. 8, the block (1) is formed in a bowl shape having an approximately hemispherical shape as a whole, and by installing the block (1) upside down as shown in FIG. A space is formed between the bottom surface (T2) and the block (1). Further, the block (1) is provided with an opening (2) consisting of a through hole on the side surface from above,
A plurality of openings (3) formed by notches are provided at the lower ends of the two opposite side surfaces.

The space formed between the bottom surface (T2) of the river and the block (1) is filled with soil for growing plants, as in the first embodiment. In the form, a concrete receiving plate (5) is interposed between the bottom surface (T2) and the block (1). This is because in this embodiment, since the block is installed on the bottom surface of the natural river, there is a possibility that the river bed is scourd by the water flow and the soil in the space flows out, and this is prevented. The same effect can be obtained by interposing a water impermeable sheet made of rubber, synthetic resin or the like instead of the concrete receiving plate. Note that the block structures of the above-described first embodiment and other embodiments described later can also be applied to a natural river, and in this case, similarly, as shown in FIG. A receiving plate (5) made of concrete or the like may be interposed between the block (1) and the block (1).

Further, it is preferable that the planar shape of the receiving plate (5) is the same as a quadrangle or a hexagon because the receiving plates (5) can be laid on the bottom face in close contact with each other. Further, the receiving plate (5) may not be a simple flat plate, but may have a groove (13) formed on the upper surface so that the lower surface of the block (1) can be fitted therein, as shown in FIG. By forming such a groove (13), the block (1) can be firmly positioned and fixed on the receiving plate (5).

According to the block structure of the second embodiment, as in the case of the first embodiment, vegetation is performed by vegetating plants that grow in the river, such as submerged plants and extracted plants, using the openings. The plants can grow by rooting in the soil filled in the space, and it becomes possible to purify the water quality of waterways and rivers. In addition, since it is easy to secure a large space, willows can be vegetated in the middle of rivers, and a comfortable natural environment for insects and birds can be restored. Furthermore, by installing a plurality of blocks of different sizes, the flow can be changed in various ways, and a variety of natural environments suitable for the growth of aquatic animals can be created.

Also in this embodiment, it is preferable that the openings (2) and (3) are covered with a mesh material made of palm fibers or the like in order to prevent the soil from flowing out from the space,
This configuration can be preferably adopted in all the embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 11 shows a third block structure according to the present invention.
FIG. 12 is an external view showing the embodiment, and FIG. 12 is a vertical sectional view thereof. In the block structure of the third embodiment, at least one opening (2) is provided at a required location except for the lower surface of a concrete block (1) having a hollow appearance (6) and having a natural stone appearance, and a water channel. It was installed on the bottom surface (T1).

The opening (2) is a cavity (6) inside the block.
Is provided so as to communicate with the outside, and in the illustrated example, an opening that opens toward the upper surface and an opening that opens toward the side surface are provided. Opening (2)
A pipe (7) having a large number of through holes is inserted into the cavity (6). This pipe (7) is for filling the soil into the cavity (6), and the soil is filled into the cavity (6) by mixing the soil with water or the like to liquefy it and injecting it from the pipe (7). You can

A recess (8) is formed on the lower surface of the block (1). Due to the formation of the concave portion (8), the block (1) is moved to the bottom surface (T
When installed in 1), as shown in FIG. 12, block (1)
A gap is formed between the bottom and the bottom surface (T1), and this gap serves as a habitat for the fish.

The block (1) having an internal cavity used in the third embodiment described above can be formed by connecting a plurality of members with bolts (43) or the like as shown in the drawing. The method of combining a plurality of members is not particularly limited, but as shown in FIG. 11, for example, a method of engaging two left and right members vertically can be adopted. Alternatively, the block (1) may be composed of a single member. For example, before pouring concrete, a rubber balloon is put in the mold according to the size of the cavity and inflated.
It can be formed by a method in which the balloon is squeezed and pulled out after the concrete is solidified in the formwork. In this case, the labor of assembling the members can be saved, and the balloon extraction hole is used as it is as an opening.

According to the block structure of the third embodiment, by vegetating plants that grow in rivers such as submerged plants and extracted plants using the openings, even in a concrete-lined canal bottom without soil, Vegetated plants are hollow (6)
It is possible to grow roots in the soil filled in, and this plant makes it possible to purify the water quality of the canals. Although illustration is omitted, it is also possible to divide the cavity into a plurality of compartments and fill the soil and the water purification material separately into each compartment.

FIGS. 13 to 21 are external views showing a fourth embodiment of the block structure according to the present invention, and FIG. 20 is FIG.
9 is a view taken along line AA, and FIG. 21 is a sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. The block structure according to the fourth embodiment has at least one block-shaped concrete block (1).
By providing two openings and providing a protrusion on the lower surface of the block (1) integrally (FIGS. 13 and 19) or by interposing a separate block (FIGS. 14, 15 and 18), It is installed on the bottom surface of a river or water channel so that a space is formed between the bottom surface and the bottom surface. In the illustrated example, the installation on the bottom surface (T1) of the water channel is shown, but it can be applied to the bottom surface of the river.

FIG. 13 shows an example in which the projection (9) is integrally provided on the lower surface of the block (1) in the fourth embodiment. A block (1) shown in FIG. 13 is a substantially flat plate-shaped block having a substantially rectangular shape in a plan view, and two protrusions (9) extending in the width direction are spaced from each other on the lower surface of the block (1). It is vacant and formed integrally with the flat plate portion. The two protrusions (9) have different heights, so that when the protrusion (9) is brought into contact with the bottom surface (T1) and the block (1) is installed, the block (1) is as illustrated. Is inclined so that a space is formed between it and the bottom surface (T1). For this reason, suspended solids in the water are less likely to adhere, and a simple basin is formed. Also, the opening is
It comprises a through hole (2) formed so as to penetrate the block (1), and a cutout portion (3) cut out in the lengthwise direction at one end portion in the lengthwise direction of the flat plate-shaped portion. Further, protrusions (10) are formed on both side surfaces of the flat plate portion, and the flow velocity of water can be changed by the protrusions (10). Further, the inclination of the block (1) also causes a difference in the flow velocity of the water flow from the surroundings, which makes it difficult for suspended substances in water to adhere.

FIG. 14 is an example in which a separate block (11) is interposed on the lower surface of the block (1) in the fourth embodiment. The block (1) shown in FIG. 14 is a substantially flat plate-like block having a substantially rectangular shape in a plan view, and a plurality of (three in the illustrated example) grooves (three in the illustrated example) crossing in the width direction are formed on the lower surface of the block (1). 12) are provided parallel to each other. The opening has a through hole (2) formed so as to penetrate the block (1) between the two protrusions (9),
The plate-shaped portion has a notch (3) cut out in the thickness direction from the lower surface at one end in the length direction. And, in one of the grooves (12), a block (1
1) is interposed between the block (1) and the bottom surface (T1), so that when the block (11) is brought into contact with the bottom surface (T1) and the block (1) is installed, the block (1) is as shown in the figure.
Is inclined so that a space is formed between it and the bottom surface (T1). Then, the inclination angle can be changed by changing the groove (12) in which the block (11) is interposed. This means that by arranging a plurality of blocks (1) in the same manner, a current can be formed and the slope of the riverbed of the current can be freely selected. In other words, a structure in which suspended solids are unlikely to adhere can be added to the conventional bottom (T1) gradient, and a favorable current can be set.

FIG. 15 is an application example of the block structure shown in FIG. In this block structure, as shown in FIG. 16, a plurality of substantially flat plate-shaped blocks (1) having grooves (12) in the width direction provided in parallel with each other on the lower surface are connected in the length direction, and Grooves (1
2) a block with a convex cross-section (1
By interposing 1) between the bottom surface (T1) and
An upslope and a downslope are provided in the water flow direction. In this block structure, the water level rises to form a pool at the uphill portion of (A), and the water is hard to adhere to the suspended matter at the downhill portion of (B). In addition, the spaces (C), (D), (E), and (F) can be filled with soil for vegetation of aquatic plants, or can be filled with a water purification material such as oyster shells. Further, on the upper surface of the block (1) in the descending slope portion, a planting stone (G) for assisting the fish to go up can be provided, or unevenness can be provided by another method. In FIG. 15, the opening (2)
Are not shown.

In the block structure of the fourth embodiment, as shown in FIG. 17, a recess (44) is provided on the lower surface of the substantially flat plate-like block (1), and the recess (44) is shown in FIG. By inserting the upper surface of the separate block (11) in this manner, the separate block (11) is interposed on the lower surface of the substantially flat plate-like block (1).
As shown in FIG. 5, the inside of the block (11) which is a separate body is hollow to be filled with soil, and the hollow part (45) is connected to the opening (2) formed in the substantially plate-shaped block so that the block (11) is substantially plate-shaped. The configuration of arranging on the lower surface of (1) can also be preferably adopted.

According to the former configuration, the separate block (1
By inserting the upper surface of 1) into the recessed portion (44), it becomes possible to prevent mutual displacement between the upper surface of the block (1) and the substantially flat block (1). The root of the planted plant is replaced by the hollow part (4) of the separate block (11).
It becomes possible to stretch the soil filled in 5). An opening may be provided on the side surface of the separate block (11), and the opening may be opened in advance or may be formed by knocking out so as to be punchable. Further, the separate block (11) may be made of a material such as plastic.

FIGS. 19 to 21 show an example in which the protrusion (9) is integrally provided on the lower surface of the block (1) having a substantially flat plate shape. In this example, the protrusion (9) is square in plan view. Is formed in the shape of a frame, and the flat part and bottom surface (T
A space surrounded by the projecting portion (9) is formed between the space and (1). Therefore, it is difficult for the soil to flow out of the space due to the water flow. The rectangular frame-shaped protruding portion (9) is formed so as to be gradually higher in the length direction of the flat plate-shaped portion of the block (1) from one end portion to the middle portion, and from the middle portion to the other end portion. Projection on bottom (9)
There is a part that does not exist. And the opening (2)
Are formed so as to penetrate the portion surrounded by the protrusion (9).

In the block structure of the fourth embodiment, at a shallow depth of water, the block is inclined with respect to the direction of water flow and the elevated side is exposed from the water surface. It forms a small waterfall that climbs along and then falls, which constantly mixes fresh air with the water, creating a favorable growth environment for plants and animals in the water.

Further, according to the block structure of the fourth embodiment, aquatic animals such as fish and crayfish can live in the formed space, and the space is filled with soil so that rivers such as submerged plants and extracted plants can be filled. By vegetating plants that grow in the area using the openings, the vegetated plants can grow by rooting in the soil filled in the space, and this plant can purify the water quality of the waterway. Becomes

22 and 23 are a sectional view and an external view showing a fifth embodiment of the block structure according to the present invention, respectively. In the block structure according to the fifth embodiment, a block inclined so that the downstream side becomes higher and a block inclined so that the upstream side becomes higher are placed on the bottom of a river or a waterway with the raised sides of both blocks facing each other. It was installed.

In the block structure of FIG. 22, a long base block (14) is installed in the width direction of a river or waterway, and two flat plate-shaped blocks (1) are sandwiched between the base blocks (14) in the center. Is formed by placing one end of two flat plate-shaped blocks (1) in front of and behind the base block (14) so as to form a mountain shape. In addition, the block structure of FIG. 23 is configured by arranging two blocks (1) formed in a substantially L-shape in a side view so that their raised sides face each other. The block (1) in these block structures has an opening (2) formed of a through hole, and the opening (2) is a space formed between the block (1) and the bottom surface (T1). Is in communication with.

According to the block structure of the fifth embodiment, the pool is formed by increasing the water level on the upstream side, and the river is formed by decreasing the water level on the downstream side. The environment suitable for the growth of In addition, because separate spaces are formed on the upstream side and the downstream side, the soil is filled on the upstream side to vegetate plants, and the downstream side is filled with water purification materials such as oyster shells. Can be used for other purposes.

FIG. 24 shows a sixth block structure according to the present invention.
It is an external view showing an embodiment. In the block structure according to the sixth embodiment, a block inclined so that the downstream side becomes high and a block inclined so that the upstream side becomes high are alternately and continuously connected in the width direction of the river or water channel to the bottom surface of the river or water channel. It was installed in. In the illustrated example, the block shown in FIG. 19 is used as the block (1), but a block inclined by another method may be used. In this embodiment, it is preferable to install the vertexes (X) of the gradients of the adjacent blocks (1) in a line, but this is not always necessary. According to the block structure of the sixth embodiment, a slope where fish can easily go up can be formed beside a small-scale waterfall, and a simple stream and a pool are formed. Also, block (1)
By forming both side surfaces of each of the two to be slightly higher as shown in FIG. 25, water can be successfully introduced without causing the water volume at the shallow depth of the riverbed to drop to the sides.

FIG. 26 shows a seventh block structure according to the present invention.
It is an external view showing an embodiment. In the block structure according to the seventh embodiment, at least two blocks (1) are lined up in the flow direction on the bottom surface (T1) of the three-faced water channel, and a weir plate (15) is interposed between these blocks (1). It was made. The shape of the block (1) is not particularly limited as long as it can form a space between the block (1) and the bottom of the water channel, and the shape shown in the above-described embodiment can be used. In the illustrated example, on the upstream side (lower left side in the drawing), the block (1) provided with two protrusions (9) parallel to each other on the lower surface of the substantially flat plate-shaped block in the width direction is arranged on the downstream side (drawing side). The upper right side) shows an example in which each of the square-shaped blocks (1) shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is provided.

The block (1) having these two types of shapes is
On each of the upstream side and the downstream side, a plurality (three on the upstream side, two on the downstream side) are closely arranged in the width direction of the water channel, and each has an opening (2) on the upper surface. There is. Although not shown, the opening (2) may be provided on the side surface. Further, on the upper surface of each block (1), a projection (16) for sandwiching the dam plate (15) from both the upstream side and the downstream side is formed. The width of the barrier plate (15) is formed so as to substantially match the width of the water channel, and the height thereof is formed so as to project from the upper surface of the block (1). This dam plate (15) can be easily removed when the water level increases due to rainfall or the like. In the present invention, as a method of installing the dam plate (15), as shown in FIG. 27, a notch (46) for fitting the dam plate (15) on the side surface of the block (1) to stand upright. It is also possible to preferably employ a configuration in which the above is provided.

The block structure of the sixth embodiment is applied to a waterway where the water quality is deteriorated, such as in an urban area. The width and height of waterways such as urban areas vary depending on the land development, and the longitudinal riverbed gradients are often unplanned. It can be installed in various places. According to the block structure of the sixth embodiment, the weir plate forms a simple stream and a pool in the water channel to bring it into a state close to a natural river, thereby purifying the water quality. Then, by putting soil in the space provided between the bottom of the waterway and using the openings to vegetate plants and filling water purification materials such as oyster shells, the water purification effect is further improved. It will be excellent. In addition, by selecting the soil quality in consideration of benthic animals upstream of the weir, the resident animals can be used as food for fish. If the space is left unfilled, it will become a home for small animals such as fish and crayfish. That is, it is possible to properly use the openings and spaces for plants and animals.

FIG. 28 shows an eighth block structure according to the present invention.
FIG. 29 is a plan view showing the embodiment, and FIG. 29 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 28.
It is a line sectional view. The block structure of the eighth embodiment is
By providing at least one opening (2) in the substantially flat concrete block (1) and interposing a separate block (11) on the lower surface of the block (1), the bottom surface (T1) of the river or waterway ) Is installed on the bottom surface so that a space is formed between the opening and the space, and the opening (2) communicates with the space. The substantially flat plate-shaped block (1) has a quadrangular shape in a plan view, and a concave portion is provided on the upper surface in the vicinity of one of the two adjacent sides to form an upward engaging portion (47). By forming a similar recessed portion on the lower surface in the vicinity of the two sides of the above to form the downward engaging portion (48), and by engaging the upward engaging portion (47) and the downward engaging portion (48), Adjacent substantially flat plate-shaped blocks (1) are arranged in close contact with each other.
In FIG. 28, the upward engaging portion (47) is shown by a solid line and the downward engaging portion (48) is shown by a broken line. According to this block structure, a wide continuous space can be easily formed, adjacent blocks do not engage with each other and come off, and the blocks are closely contacted even in other forms such as cloth pile and valley pile. It is possible to line up. Although not shown, a separate block (11) may be engaged with the lower surface of the block (1).

30 to 33 are diagrams showing a modified form of the block (1) which can be adopted in the block structure as described above. FIG. 30 shows a substantially square block (1).
The unevenness is provided on one side surface, and the unevenness capable of engaging with the unevenness is provided on the other side surface.
FIG. According to this block (1), by engaging the concave and convex portions, it is possible to prevent a large number of blocks from being displaced from each other and to arrange them in close contact with each other. Further, FIG. 32 shows an iron wire (17) embedded inside the block (1) and the iron wire (17) exposed in a U-shape from each of four side surfaces. For example, by connecting the exposed iron wires to each other, it is possible to reliably and easily connect the adjacent blocks. Further, FIG. 33 shows a configuration in which a U-shaped handle (18) for carrying the block is detachably attached to the upper opening (2) of the substantially square block (1). According to this, it becomes possible to easily carry out the heavy-duty block (1) made of concrete for transportation, installation, and urgent removal at the time of increasing water.

34 to 36 are external views showing a ninth embodiment of the block structure according to the present invention. The block structure according to the ninth embodiment is a concrete block (1).
Is provided with at least one opening (2), and a part of the block (1) is attached to the bottom surface (T1) of the channel (1) so that a space is formed between the block (1) and the side wall (K) of the channel. ) And the side wall (K), and the opening (2) communicates with the space.

The block structure of FIG. 34 has a block (1) in which square blocks as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 are combined and integrated in an L-shape, and one surface of the block (1) serves as a channel. The bottom surface (T1) is installed with the other surface in contact with the side wall (K) of the water channel, and there is a space not only with the side wall (K) of the water channel but also with the bottom surface (T1). FIG. 37 is a bottom perspective view of the block (1) used in FIG. 37.

According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 34, 1
By installing only one block, it is possible to form a space at the same time both between the bottom of the waterway and the side wall,
By filling these spaces with soil and using the openings for vegetation, it is possible to purify the water quality and achieve greening of the side walls of the waterways.

In the block structure of FIG. 35, the block (1) having a substantially U-shaped cross section is installed on the bottom surface (T1) of the water channel so that the U-shaped open surface abuts the side wall (K).
In the block structure of FIG. 36, a square box-shaped block (1) having a shape in which the upper surface from one end to the other end in the depth direction is cut out so as to form an inclined surface, and the open surface thereof is a side wall (K). ) Bottom of the waterway (T
FIG. 38 shows a rear perspective view of the block (1) installed in FIG. 38.

Each of these blocks (1) is formed with an opening (2) communicating with the space formed between the block (1) and the side wall (K), and the space is filled with soil to form the opening. By utilizing these to vegetate, it is possible to purify the water quality and to green the side walls of the waterways.

39 and 40 are plan views showing the tenth embodiment of the block structure according to the present invention. The block structure according to the tenth embodiment is one in which a large number of blocks are arranged in close contact with each other and installed on the bottom of a river or waterway. FIG. 39 shows a square box-shaped block (1) arranged in a valley-like shape in plan view without any gap. According to this mode, the resistance against water flow is increased as compared with a case where the blocks are simply arranged in a grid pattern. The force becomes stronger, and the alignment of the blocks is less likely to collapse due to the water flow. Although not shown, the block (1)
It is possible to purify between the gravel by changing the height of the water to make the flow at the bottom of the water turbulent. FIG. 41 shows a block (1) in which a bowl-shaped portion having irregularities is formed on the upper surface of a rectangular box-shaped body as shown in FIG. In the block structure in this example, the height of the square-shaped body of each block (1) is the same, but the height of the bowl-shaped portion is different, which makes the height of the entire block higher. It's different. By doing this, irregularities and gaps are created on the riverbed surface, making it suitable as a habitat for small animals. 42. In the block (1) of the form shown in FIG. 41, the height of the entire block is made different by making the heights of the rectangular box-shaped bodies different. If you do this,
The bottom height of the riverbed is changed, a complicated water flow is generated, and oxygen in the air is also taken in, which contributes to the purification of water quality. FIG. 40 is a block (1) in which a bowl-shaped portion is formed on the upper portion of a hexagonal box-shaped body as shown in FIG.
Are arranged in a honeycomb shape with the bowl-shaped part facing up without any gaps. With this configuration as well, the resistance to water flow is higher than that in the case where the square box-shaped blocks (1) are simply arranged in a grid. It becomes stronger and the alignment of blocks is less likely to collapse due to water flow. Further, the height of each block can be made different by the same method as shown in FIGS. 41 and 42.

FIG. 45 shows a first block structure according to the present invention.
It is a perspective view showing one embodiment. The block structure according to the eleventh embodiment is a substantially box-shaped block (1) in which a part or all of the side surfaces (all parts in the illustrated example) are curved in the circumferential direction, and the curved surface is substantially parallel to the water flow direction. And a plurality of openings (2) communicating with the space are formed on the upper surface of the water channel so that there is a space between the channel and the bottom surface (T1). . According to the block structure of the eleventh embodiment, the flow of water is reversed on the curved surface to generate a vortex, or the speed of the flow of water changes, thereby creating a natural river-like flow in the waterway. An environment suitable for plants and animals that grow in water is created.

FIG. 46 shows a first block structure according to the present invention.
It is a perspective view which shows 2nd Embodiment. In the block structure according to the twelfth embodiment, a protrusion-shaped or eave-shaped protrusion (19) is provided on the side surface of a substantially box-shaped block (1) having an opening (2) on the upper surface as in the eleventh embodiment. It is provided.
In the illustrated example, an eave-shaped protrusion (19a) is provided on the front side surface.
However, although the projection-like protrusions (19b) are respectively provided on the back side surfaces, only one of them may be provided. Similar to the curved surface of the eleventh embodiment, the projecting protrusion (19b) reverses the water flow to generate a vortex or change the speed of the water flow, thereby making it possible for plants and animals growing in water. A suitable environment can be created, and the eave-shaped protrusion (19a) can be a hideout for small animals such as fish. Further, the bowl-shaped body may have a shape close to that of natural stone.

FIG. 47 shows a first block structure according to the present invention.
FIG. 48 is a perspective view showing a third embodiment, and FIG. 48 is A- of FIG. 47.
It is an A line sectional view. In the block structure according to the thirteenth embodiment, a substantially flat concrete block (1) is provided with at least one opening (2), and a protrusion (9) is integrally formed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the block (1). Is provided on the bottom surface (T1) of the water channel so that a space is formed between the bottom surface (T1) and the opening (2) so as to communicate with the space. When the protrusions (9) are provided on the upper surface and the lower surface of the block (1), it is preferable that they are vertically symmetrical as shown in FIG. 48, but they need not be vertically symmetrical. According to the block structure of the thirteenth embodiment, since the protrusions (9) are provided on both upper and lower surfaces of the block (1), even when the block (1) is installed upside down, it is the same as when it is normally installed. Since the space is formed between the bottom of the waterway and the block, the growth space for plants and aquatic animals will be kept as it is even if the block is overturned due to water flow, etc., and it will be a hideaway for underwater animals. Also, as a method of using the opening (2), bamboo branches,
Inserting a tree branch to deal with this has the effect of gathering small animals in the water.

FIG. 49 shows a first block structure according to the present invention.
It is a perspective view which shows 4th Embodiment, and FIG. 50 is the side view. The block structure according to the 14th embodiment is a modification of the form of the protrusion (9) provided in the block structure of the 13th embodiment described above. In this embodiment, the projecting portion (9) is composed of a plurality of pairs of projecting pieces (9a) (9b) provided at regular intervals, and in the illustrated example, projecting pieces are formed on both upper and lower surfaces of the block (1). (9a)
Eight pairs of (9b) are provided. These protruding pieces (9a) and (9b) are provided in two pairs (4
The protrusions (9a) and (9b) are provided so that each gap is in a cross shape and the gaps at each position (excluding the diagonal position) are aligned.

Then, the above-mentioned pair of protruding pieces (9a)
A flat plate (20) is sandwiched in the thickness direction of the gaps (9b) so as to extend vertically on the block (1) so as to extend over the gap between the two sets of projecting pieces (9a) and (9b). To be done. Here, since the projecting pieces (9a) and (9b) are arranged in a quadrangular shape with four as a set at each position, the flat plate (20) is blocked (1) as shown in FIG.
It is possible to arrange them in both the width direction and the length direction. However, in this embodiment, the protruding pieces (9a) (9
In b), it is not always necessary to provide four as one set, and 2
One set is provided as a set, and the flat plate (20) is block (1)
It may be configured so that it can be arranged only in either the width direction or the length direction. Further, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 50, the flat plate (20) is also formed on the lower surface of the block (1) in the same manner as the upper surface of the projecting pieces (9a) (9).
b) It is possible to fix them in the gap between them. At this time, stability is increased by using a member having a substantially convex section in place of the flat plate (20) on the lower surface of the block (1) as shown by the drawing arrow.

According to the block structure of the fourteenth embodiment, as shown in FIG. 50, by fixing the flat plate (20) in the width direction of the water channel on both upper and lower surfaces of the block (1), the block (1) is fixed. It is possible to provide a space of arbitrary size between the bottom of the waterway and the bottom of the waterway (T1). This space should be used as a growth space for plants and as a space for arranging water purification materials such as oyster shells. You can At this time, if a partition plate (21) for partitioning the formed space is provided between the flat plate-shaped portion of the block (1) and the bottom of the water channel, each of the partitioned spaces can be used for a different purpose. More preferable. In the illustrated example, the front space is used as a space for growing plants, and the rear space is used as a space for water purification, respectively.
(Y) is a container filled with soil, and (C) is a water purification material such as oyster shells. Further, the flat plate (20) fixed on the upper surface of the block (1) forms a weir, and the weir creates a stream and a pool in the waterway. At this time, as shown in the figure, the height of the flat plate (20) is made different between the upstream side and the downstream side of the waterway, whereby the gradient of the conventional concrete riverbed can be made stronger, and the slope can be easily and effectively set. And a fuchi can be formed.

52 to 55 are perspective views showing a fifteenth embodiment of the block structure according to the present invention. In the block structure according to the fifteenth embodiment, at least one opening (2) is provided in a substantially flat plate-shaped concrete block (1), and a protrusion is integrally provided on the lower surface of the block (1) (Fig. 52, FIG. 54, FIG. 55) or by interposing a separate block (FIG. 53), the bottom surface (T
1) Installed on the bottom so that a space is formed between
The opening (2) is communicated with the space. Furthermore, in this block structure, the block (1) is installed so as to be higher in the upstream direction by providing a protrusion or a separate block, and a passage (fishway) that serves as a fish passage is provided on the upper surface of the block (1). Has been formed.

In the block structure of FIG. 52, two convex portions (22) are bent parallel to each other from one end to the other end in the block length direction (flow channel flow direction) on the upper surface of the block (1). The fishway (25) is formed between the protrusions (22). In the block structure of FIG. 53, a recess (23) is formed on the upper surface of the block (1) from one end to the other end in the block length direction (flow direction).
Is bent, and the recess (23) is used as a fishway (25). Further, the upper surface of the block (1) is a surface inclined downward toward the recess (23). Then, as shown by the alternate long and short dash line, a dam plate higher than the height of the concave portion (23) is appropriately provided on the upstream surface of the block (1). The convex portion (22) and the concave portion (23) shown in FIGS. 52 and 53 may be curved and provided. In the block structure of FIG. 54, a plurality of natural stones (24) are projected and irregularly embedded on the upper surface of the block (1), and a fish path (25) is formed between the natural stones (24). The block (1) is curved downward in the width direction in an arc shape. FIG. 55
In the block structure of, a plurality of natural stones (24) are projected and irregularly embedded on the upper surface of the block (1), and a fish path (25) is formed between the natural stones (24). It is formed in a concave shape in the width direction. And, a weir plate (1
5) is provided with a notch (46) for standing upright, and a block plate (15) higher than the height of the block (1) is fitted into the notch (46) so that the length of the block is increased. It stands upright at right angles to the vertical direction.
Although not shown, the dam plate (15) is preferably provided along both left and right side surfaces of the block (1). Therefore, as shown on the left side of the drawing, it is more preferable to adopt a configuration in which the barrier plate (15) is formed in a concave shape and is fitted along the bottom surface and the side surface of the block (1). Incidentally, in the block structure shown in FIG. 52 to FIG. 55, a concave portion formed of a groove or a concave portion is formed on the bottom surface of the block (1),
A separate block (11) is fitted into the recess and the bottom surface (T
The block (1) can be inclined by interposing it between the block (1) and the block (1).

According to the block structure of the fifteenth embodiment, the block (1) is installed so as to be higher in the upstream direction so that the water and the pool are formed in the water channel, and the upper surface is formed. The fish can easily go upstream through the formed fish path.

56 to 73 are views showing the 16th embodiment of the block structure according to the present invention. The block structure according to the 16th embodiment is a concrete block (1).
At least one opening (2) is provided on the bottom surface of the block (1) so that a space is formed between the block (1) and the bottom surface of the river or waterway so that the opening communicates with the space. The block structure (1)
Is composed of a base block (1a) installed on the bottom of a river or a waterway, and a lid block (1b) placed on the upper part of the base block (1a). 58 to 60, the lid block (1b) is indicated by a dotted line.

The block structure shown in FIG. 56 is formed in the shape of an endless quadrangular frame in which the base block (1a) is continuous. A plate-like lid block (1b) having a large area and having an opening (2) is placed. 57 (a) and 57 (b) show a lid block (1b).
FIG. 4 is a view showing an example of a state in which the lid block is turned upside down, and as shown in the drawing, the lower surface of the lid block (1b) is brought into contact with the inner surface of the base block (1a) so as to position the lid block. A section (49) is provided. Fig. 58
56 is formed in a substantially C-shape in plan view by cutting out a part of the base block (1a) of FIG. 56, and is one size larger than the block (1a) on the base block (1a). A plate-like lid block (1b) having an area and having an opening (2) is placed. The block structure of FIG. 59 is formed from two U-shaped blocks in a plan view in which the base blocks (1a) are arranged to face each other, and the base blocks (1a) are arranged on the two base blocks (1a) rather than the blocks (1a). A plate-like lid block (1b) having a slightly larger area and having an opening (2) is placed. The block structure of FIG. 60 is formed by a large number of rectangular parallelepiped blocks in which the base blocks (1a) are spaced apart from each other and arranged in a rectangular shape as a whole, and the block (1a) is formed on the base block (1a).
The plate-like lid block (1b) having an area slightly larger than the entire arrangement of (1) and having an opening (2) is placed.

In the block structure of FIG. 61, the base block (1a) is composed of a fume tube having an opening (2) on its side surface, and after filling the soil and the water purification material into the fume tube, the upper opening of the fume tube is opened. It is configured by placing a lid block (not shown) so as to cover the. According to this embodiment, an inexpensive fume tube can be cut into an appropriate length and used as it is as the base block (1a), so that an inexpensive and economical block structure is obtained.

FIG. 62 is a perspective view showing another example of the base block (1a) in the block structure of the sixteenth embodiment, and FIG. 63 is a plan view showing a block structure formed by combining the base blocks (1a). It is a figure. In this block structure, a plurality of base blocks (1a) are arranged in close contact with each other at the bottom of a river or water channel, and a lid block (not shown) is placed on the base block (1a). The base block (1
a) has a substantially Π shape in a plan view, which is composed of a back plate (50) and two leg plates (51) extending from the back plate (50) at a right angle and in parallel with each other. A recessed portion (52) is formed on the surface of 50) opposite to the two leg plates (51). Then, the end portions of the back plate (50) of each block (1) are brought into close contact with each other and arranged in a straight line to form the block (1).
Of each leg plate (51) so that the two leg plates (51) of one block (1a) of one column straddle the two blocks (1a) of the other column. By inserting into the recess (52) of the block (1a),
A block structure as shown in FIG. 63 can be obtained.
According to this block structure, the blocks do not shift from each other, and each block can be configured to have a light weight, so that the workability is excellent.

FIG. 64 shows a plurality of base blocks (1a) having different heights in the block structure of the sixteenth embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a state in which they are closely arranged on the bottom of a river or a waterway, and a lid block (1b) is placed on a base block (1a). According to this block structure, turbulent flow can be generated in the water flow by the blocks having the height difference. Also, as shown in FIG. 65, by placing the lid blocks (1b) having different heights on the base block (1a) having the same height, the height difference between the blocks is created, and the same effect is obtained. It is possible to obtain. Further, the base blocks (1a) may be installed apart from each other without being in close contact with each other. For example, as shown in FIG. 66, concrete is cast on the riverbed (T2) at the site and the base blocks of different heights ( If 1a) is installed at intervals and covered with a lid block (1b), it can be flooded during a drought season such as summer, and extinction of aquatic plants and animals can be prevented. It can also be used as fire protection water to extinguish a fire in a house or the like.

67 and 68 show the base block (1
FIG. 70 is a perspective view showing an example of a combination of a) and the lid block (1b), and FIGS. 70 to 74 show the base block (1a).
It is sectional drawing which shows the example of the state which combined the lid block (1b). As shown in the figure, as the base block (1a), in addition to those described above, a square box-shaped block (FIG. 67) or a side groove block having a U-shaped cross section (FIG. 68) can be used. If the base block (1a) of FIG. 67 is used as a bottomless block and concrete (C) is placed at the bottom through the reinforcing bars (70) in the base block (1a) as shown in FIG. 69, it is lightweight and inexpensive. It has a block structure. In addition, the base block (1
In the combination of a) and the lid block (1b), it is preferable that the upper surface of the base block (1a) and the lower surface of the lid block (1b) mesh with each other as shown in FIGS. 70 to 74. In addition, the upper surface of the lid block (1b) has the unevenness as shown in the drawing and the opening (5
3) can be provided. In these combinations, the base block (1a) can be a bottomless block as shown in FIG. In addition, as shown in FIG. 72, a configuration in which the lid block (1b) is engaged with and placed on the upper portion of the base block (1a) whose upper and lower portions have different heights from each other can be preferably used. According to this configuration, by arranging the side with the lower height facing the upstream side, the lid block (1b) is less likely to come off the base block (1a) even with a violent water flow.

According to the block structure of the sixteenth embodiment,
Since the concrete block is composed of upper and lower parts, it can be easily transported, installed, and removed, and after installation, the lid block (1b) can be appropriately removed to check the inside of the space. it can.

FIG. 75 is a perspective view of a block that can be suitably used as the lid block (1b) of the above-described sixteenth embodiment, and FIG. 76 is a rear view thereof. This block (1
In b), the left and right side surfaces of the substantially flat plate-shaped block are formed to be high, an opening (2) consisting of a through hole is formed in a portion sandwiched by the side surfaces, and a plurality of natural stones (24) are formed on the upper surface. Notches (45) for embedding and standing up by inserting a weir plate on both right and left sides are formed, and grooves (12) are formed in a well shape on the back side. Figure 7
7 (a) to 7 (e) are perspective views showing examples of the base block (1a) arranged below the lid block (1b). Each of these blocks (1a) is fitted into the groove (12) of the lid block (1b) to form a space between the lid block (1b) and the bottom surface of the river or waterway. The block (b) is configured by combining two blocks, upper and lower.

FIG. 78 shows a first block structure according to the present invention.
It is sectional drawing which shows 7th Embodiment. In the block structure according to this embodiment, a groove (12) is provided on the lower surface of a substantially flat plate-shaped block (1) having an opening (2) made of a through hole, and a block (11) which is a separate body is provided in this groove (12). ) Are fitted to form a plurality of sets (two sets in the illustrated example), and the plurality of sets of block structures are vertically stacked. Here, for example, the block (1a) shown in FIGS. 75 and 76 is used as the substantially flat block (1), and the block (1a) shown in FIG. 77 is used as the separate block (11).
b) can be used. Further, instead of the groove (12), a recessed portion (44) as shown in FIG. 17 may be provided. According to the block structure of the seventeenth embodiment, the spaces between the blocks (1) are vertically formed in a plurality of layers, so that each layer is used as a space for a different purpose such as a plant layer, a water purification layer, or an animal dwelling layer. The block structure can be used for multiple purposes. Although not shown,
When the space is used as a plant layer or a water purification layer, the opening (2) located above the space may be closed with a mesh material or a plate to prevent the soil or the water purification material from falling.

79 and 80 are perspective views showing an eighteenth embodiment of the block structure according to the present invention. In the block structure according to the eighteenth embodiment, in addition to the opening (2) for plant vegetation, the opening (2) is provided in the substantially central portion of the substantially box-shaped block (1) in the first embodiment. A large area opening (26) is provided, and the block (1) is provided in this opening (26).
The block for weighting (27) made of concrete for preventing the movement of is installed in the bottom of the river or waterway. The weighting block (27) may be a solid block, but as shown in FIG. 80, openings (28) for plant vegetation are formed at required locations (upper and side portions) except for the bottom surface.
It may be a block having a hollow inside where the is formed.

According to the block structure of the eighteenth embodiment, the weight of the weighting block (27) does not cause the block (1) to flow even in a place where the water flow is intense, and the flora and fauna are stable for a long period of time. The growth space of can be maintained.

FIG. 81 shows a first block structure according to the present invention.
It is sectional drawing which shows 9th Embodiment. In the block structure according to the nineteenth embodiment, a concrete receiving plate (5) is interposed between the box-shaped block (1) described in the first embodiment and a bottom surface (T2) of a river or a waterway. In addition to being installed, another bowl-shaped block (29) is reversely placed on the upper part of the block (1) installed on the receiving plate (5). In this embodiment, the block (29) placed on the upper part of the block (1) may be covered with a substantially box-shaped block in the opposite direction.

The receiving plate (5) is attached to the block (1).
An opening (2) communicating with the space formed between the block (29) and the opening (30) communicating with the space formed between the block (1) is provided in the block (29).
Further, on the upper surface of the receiving plate (5) and the upper surface of the block (1), a concave portion (31) or a convex portion (32) capable of meshing with the lower surfaces of the block (1) and the block (29) are formed. There is.

According to the block structure of the nineteenth embodiment, independent spaces are formed between the block (1) and the receiving plate (5) and between the block (29) and the block (1). To be done. Since these space portions have different heights formed, it is possible to use the space portions to adopt a usage pattern of vegetating different types of plants in each space.

FIG. 82 shows a second block structure according to the present invention.
It is sectional drawing which shows 0 embodiment. In the block structure according to the twentieth embodiment, the box-shaped block (1) described in the first embodiment is installed to form a space between the block and the bottom surface of a river or a waterway, and the box-shaped block ( On the upper part of 1), a plurality of concrete blocks (60) having irregularities on the surface are stacked by engaging the irregularities so that gaps are formed between the blocks. According to the block structure of the twentieth embodiment, independent spaces are formed between the block (1) and the bottom surface (T1) and between the block (60) and the block (1). Since these space portions have different heights formed, it is possible to use the space portions to adopt a usage pattern of vegetating different types of plants in each space. Further, the unevenness of the surface is meshed with each other, so that the stacked blocks are not easily collapsed.

FIG. 83 shows a second block structure according to the present invention.
It is a figure which shows one Embodiment. In the block structure according to the twenty-first embodiment, a plurality of concrete blocks (1) having unevenness on the surface are piled up by meshing at least one unevenness so that a gap is formed between the blocks and the river. Alternatively, it is installed on the bottom surface (T2) of the water channel, and a cavity (6) is formed inside at least one of the stacked blocks (1) and an opening (2) communicating with the cavity (6) is provided. It is a thing. This block structure is an application of a so-called rubble construction method that is preferably used in the water impact part, but unlike the conventional rubble construction method, a cavity (6) is provided inside at least one of the blocks (1). By filling the soil in the cavity (6), the roots of the plant can be stretched and grown. Further, the unevenness of the surface is meshed with each other, so that the stacked blocks are not easily collapsed.

FIG. 84 shows a second block structure according to the present invention.
It is sectional drawing which shows 2nd Embodiment. In the block structure according to the twenty-second embodiment, at least one opening (2) is provided in a cylindrical concrete block, and the block (1) obtained by dividing the block into two parallel to the lengthwise direction is divided into two parts. It is installed on the bottom surface so that a space is formed between the bottom surface and the bottom surface (T1) of the river or water channel, and the opening (2) communicates with the space. Then, the arcuate side surface of the installed block (1) is cut out at a right angle to the dividing surface to form two mutually parallel plane portions (54). 2) are brought into contact with each other, the plurality of blocks (1) are arranged in close contact with each other. Also, block (1)
Unevenness is formed on the upper surface of the. According to the block structure of this embodiment, the block (1) can be formed at low cost and is economical, and a plurality of blocks (1) can be easily arranged in close contact with each other.
Further, as shown in the drawing, by providing a hole into which the reinforcing bar is inserted in the flat surface portion (54) which is the side surface and inserting concrete from the hole to connect the adjacent blocks (1), it is possible to prevent the outflow due to the flood.

FIG. 85 shows a second block structure according to the present invention.
It is sectional drawing which shows 3rd Embodiment. In the block structure according to the 23rd embodiment, a support lid block (55) is fitted to both of the lengthwise open end faces of the block (1) in the 22nd embodiment so as to close the open end face, thereby forming a river or a waterway. It was installed on the bottom surface (T1). The support lid block (55) plays a role of a lid for preventing the outflow of soil in the block and a support stand for supporting the block (1), and is preferably provided on both of the open end faces as shown in the figure. However, it may be provided only on the upstream side. It is also possible to provide an opening in the support lid block (55).
According to the block structure of this embodiment, the support lid block (55) prevents the soil from flowing out, and the block (1) can be stably installed.

In the present invention, in all of the above-mentioned embodiments, the opening (2) can have a form as shown in FIGS. 86 to 88 below. FIG. 86 shows the opening (2)
FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an example of a knockout type opening that can be punched out as necessary. In this way, by making the opening part a knockout type, only the part of the knockout type opening part provided in advance in the block (1) is punched out and used. Is possible.

FIG. 87 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an example in which the opening (2) is formed so as to be stepwise expanded from the inner surface to the outer surface or from the outer surface to the inner surface. An example in which the diameter is expanded in two stages is shown. The opening formed in this way is used as it is, for example, when the size of the opening may be small, when it is desired to make it slightly larger, it is used after punching out the first step, and when it is desired to make it larger. The size of the opening can be appropriately changed in the field such that the second stage is punched out and used.

FIG. 88 shows an opening (2) whose diameter is increased stepwise.
FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an example in which a cap (33) having a through hole (34) is detachably fitted so as to match with the above. The opening formed in this way is, as it is, for example, when the size of the opening may be small, the cap (33) may be used as it is.
Use with the cap fitted, and if you want to make it a little larger, use with the cap (33) removed, and if you want to make it even larger, use with the cap (33) removed and punch out the step. As described above, the size of the opening can be appropriately changed on site.

In all the above-mentioned embodiments,
It is preferable to form irregularities on the surface of the block (1) used. The method of forming the unevenness is not particularly limited, but as shown in FIG. 89, for example, a method of forming the unevenness by exposing the aggregate by washing out the surface during block manufacturing can be exemplified. The formed irregularities serve as a foothold when arthropods and the like go up and down the block, and create a friendly growth space not only for fish but also for other animals that inhabit the waterside. Further, a configuration in which the block (1) is formed in a porous shape can also be preferably adopted. Further, the uneven surface may be formed by using concrete in which the grain size of crushed stone is substantially uniform by reducing the sand content. The block formed into a porous shape exerts a water purification function by a filter action, and the unevenness formed on the surface also serves as a foothold when an arthropod or the like goes up and down the block.

Further, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the example in which the opening (2) consisting of the through hole is directly formed in the block (1) is shown, but in the present invention, a plurality of concrete blocks are closely contacted with each other. In a block structure which is installed on the bottom surface of the river or waterway so that a space is formed between the bottom surface and the bottom surface of the river or waterway, as shown in FIG. Division (3
5) is formed, and the notch portions of the adjacent blocks (1) are matched with each other to form the opening portion (2) formed of a through hole communicating with the space (24th embodiment). .

91 and 92 are rear perspective views showing an example of the block (1) used in such a structure. The block shown in FIG. 91 is an example in which a notch (35) is provided on all four side surfaces of a square box-shaped block.
It has a form in which four sides of the upper plate of the main leg table are cut out. In addition, the block of FIG. 92 is an example in which the notch (35) is provided only on two opposing side surfaces of the rectangular block. In these illustrated examples, the notch (3
5) is formed in a semi-circular shape, and the circular opening (2) is formed by matching the two notches (35), but the shape of the notches (35) is not limited to this. For example, the polygonal opening (2) may be formed by matching two notches (35) as a semi-polygonal shape.

[0099]

As described above, according to the inventions according to claims 1 to 3, a space or cavity capable of filling soil or the like is formed between the block and the bottom surface of the river or waterway or inside the block. By doing so, it becomes possible to vegetate and grow plants not only in natural rivers but also in artificial waterways with concrete, and by absorbing nitrogen and phosphorus from the roots of plants, the water quality of rivers and waterways can be improved. In addition to being purified, the oxygen concentration in the water is increased by photosynthesis, and the cultivated plants serve as spawning grounds for aquatic animals, creating a growth space suitable for aquatic animals such as fish. According to the invention of claim 4, since the protrusions are provided on the upper surface and the lower surface of the substantially flat plate-like block, even when the block is installed upside down, a space similar to a state where the block is normally installed is the bottom of the water channel. Since it is formed during the process, the growth space for plants and aquatic animals is maintained as it is even if the block is overturned due to water flow or the like.

According to the invention of claim 5, by fixing the flat plates in the width direction of the water channel on both upper and lower surfaces of the block, it is possible to provide a space of any size between the block and the bottom surface of the water channel. This space can be used as a growth space for plants and a space for disposing water purification materials such as oyster shells. In addition, a simple weir is formed by the flat plate fixed on the upper surface of the block, and this weir creates a stream and a pool in the waterway. Since the longitudinal gradient becomes steep and the flow velocity becomes fast on the downstream side of the weir, suspended matter It becomes difficult to adhere and the environment suitable for the growth of animals in water can be restored. According to the invention of claim 6, by engaging the upward engaging portion and the downward engaging portion, the adjacent substantially flat plate-shaped blocks are arranged in close contact with each other, so that a wide continuous space can be easily formed. In addition, the adjacent blocks do not engage with each other and come off, and the blocks can be closely arranged in another form such as cloth laying or valley laying in plan view.

According to the invention of claim 7, since the upper surface of the separate block is fixed by being inserted into the recess, it is possible to prevent mutual displacement between the block and the substantially flat block. Become. According to the invention of claim 8, the root of the plant planted in the opening can be stretched over the soil filled in the hollow portion of the separate block. According to the invention of claim 9, it has a multi-purpose block structure having hierarchically different spaces such as a plant layer, a water purification layer, and an animal dwelling layer. According to the invention of claim 10, the block is installed so as to be higher in the upstream direction so that the water and the pool are formed in the waterway, and the fish passes through the fishway formed on the upper surface. Can easily go upstream. According to the invention of claim 11, the moss favored by sweetfish grows on the surface of the natural stone to serve as a fish feed, and also has a block structure having a fishway having an appearance having a natural texture.

According to the twelfth aspect of the present invention, the space formed between the side wall and the side wall is filled with soil and the opening is used to vegetate the plants, thereby purifying the water quality and greening the side wall of the waterway. It becomes possible to do. In addition, since aquatic animals often live alongside the side walls, it is possible to provide housing for these animals. According to the invention of claim 13, it is possible to simultaneously form a space both between the bottom of the water channel and the side wall by installing one block, and these spaces are filled with soil. By vegetation using the openings, it is possible to purify the water quality and achieve greening of the canal side walls.

According to the fourteenth aspect of the present invention, since the opening is provided on the side surface and the upper surface of the block, the plant can be grown from both the upper surface and the side surface of the block, and the fish can be grown. It becomes easier to enter the space inside the block. According to the invention of claim 15, the block is installed by interposing a concrete receiving plate, a sponge or an impermeable sheet between the block and the bottom of the river or the waterway. Adhesion with the bottom surface of the space is enhanced, and it is possible to prevent the soil filled in the space from flowing out due to the water flow. According to the sixteenth aspect of the present invention, since the shape of the receiving plate in plan view is a quadrangle or a hexagon, a large number of blocks are arranged on the bottom surface of the river or water channel so that no gap is formed between the receiving plates. Can be set up,
Can prevent scouring of the riverbed during floods.

According to the seventeenth aspect of the present invention, since the block is formed of the base block installed on the bottom surface of the river or water channel and the lid block placed on the upper part of the base block, the block is formed. It is possible to easily carry, install, and remove, and it is also possible to appropriately remove the lid block after installation to check the inside of the space. According to the eighteenth aspect of the invention, the base block can be formed inexpensively and easily, and an economical block structure is provided. According to the invention of claim 19, vegetation of plants can be performed by selectively utilizing the openings of the lid block and the base block, and the openings of both blocks can be used as plant vegetation and animal entrance. It can also be used for other purposes. According to the invention of claim 20, the lid block can be positioned easily and reliably on the base block. According to the twenty-first aspect of the present invention, the block can be configured to be lightweight and has excellent workability, and a large number of spaces can be easily formed. According to the inventions of claims 22 and 23,
Turbulence can be generated in the water flow by the blocks having height differences.

According to the twenty-fourth aspect of the present invention, the dam plate can be easily fixed and erected on the side surface of the block, and can be easily removed. Claim 25
According to the invention of claim 1, since at least two blocks are arranged in the flow direction and the weir plate is interposed between these blocks, the water quality is deteriorated due to a small amount of water, an inconsistent water channel width or the like. When applied to a waterway, the weir plate forms a simple stream and affluent in the waterway to bring it into a state close to a natural river, thereby purifying the water quality. According to the invention of claim 26, the block inclined so that the downstream side becomes higher and the block inclined so that the upstream side becomes higher are
Since the raised sides of both blocks were placed facing each other,
The stream forms a small waterfall that climbs along a sloping block and then falls, which constantly mixes fresh air with the water, creating a favorable growth environment for plants and animals in the water. According to the invention of claim 27, it is possible to form a slope on the side of a small waterfall where fish can easily go up,
A simple stream and abuchi are formed.

According to the twenty-eighth aspect of the invention, the block can be formed at a low cost and is economical. Claim 2
According to the invention of 9, the blocks can be formed at a low cost, which is economical, and the plurality of blocks can be easily arranged in close contact with each other. According to the invention of claim 30, the support lid block prevents the soil from flowing out, and the block can be stably installed. According to the invention of claim 31, unlike the conventional rubble construction method, since a cavity is provided inside at least one of the blocks, the roots of the plant are expanded by filling the cavity with soil. It is possible to cultivate the blocks, and the unevenness of the surface meshes with each other, so that the stacked blocks do not easily collapse.

According to the thirty-second aspect of the present invention, the space or cavity is filled with the soil and / or the water purification material such as oyster shell for plant growth, so that the root of the plant is stretched in the space or cavity to grow. Therefore, or with a water purification material such as oyster shells, bacteria that capture nitrogen and phosphorus can settle in and clean the water quality of waterways and rivers. According to the thirty-third aspect of the present invention, it is possible to prevent the soil from flowing out through the opening and also prevent the plant from being washed away because the roots of the plant are entangled in the mesh material. According to the invention of claim 34, since the space or cavity is divided into a plurality of sections,
A plurality of compartments, for example, a plant growing space, a water purification space,
It can be used separately as a fish reef space, and one block can perform multiple functions.

According to the thirty-fifth aspect of the present invention, since the opening is a knockout type opening that can be punched out as necessary, a plurality of knockout type openings provided in the block in advance are provided. And, it becomes possible to punch and use only the opening portion of the necessary portion at the time of installation. According to the thirty-sixth aspect of the present invention, since the diameter of the opening is increased stepwise from the inner surface to the outer surface or from the outer surface to the inner surface, the opening is punched out in stages and the size of the opening is appropriately changed on site. Can be changed. According to the invention of claim 37, since the cap having the through hole is removably fitted in the stepwise expanded opening, the cap can be detached and the stepped part can be punched out on site. The size of the opening can be changed as appropriate. In addition, when the soil becomes mud and decreases with age, the cap can be removed to replenish the soil.

According to the thirty-eighth aspect of the present invention, since the side surface of the block is formed to be curved in the water flow direction, the water flow is reversed on the curved surface to generate a vortex, or the speed of the water flow is changed. This creates a natural river-like flow in the waterway, creating an environment suitable for plants and animals that grow in water. According to the invention of claim 39, since the projection-like or eave-like projection is provided on the side surface of the block, the projection-like projection reverses the water flow to generate a vortex or change the speed of the water flow. By doing so, it is possible to create an environment suitable for plants and animals that grow in water, and the eaves-shaped protrusion can be a hideout for small animals such as fish.

According to the invention as set forth in claim 40, since the concavo-convex is provided on the side surface of the block and the concavo-convex is meshed with each other, the adjacent blocks can be arranged closely to each other. Blocks can be placed in close contact with each other to prevent slippage, and blocks will not be washed away due to flooding. According to the invention of claim 41,
Since the iron wire is exposed from the side surface of the block and the adjacent blocks can be connected by the iron wire, by connecting the exposed iron wires, it becomes possible to reliably and easily connect the adjacent blocks. . Moreover, a strong river bed can be built by pouring concrete on the connection part on site. According to the invention of claim 42, since the handle for carrying the block is attached to the opening, the heavy block made of concrete can be easily carried, installed and removed.

According to the forty-third aspect of the present invention, since the unevenness is formed on the surface of the block or the block is formed in a porous shape, the unevenness formed is such that an arthropod or the like climbs up the block. It will be a foothold when going down,
Not only fish, but also other water-dwelling animals create a friendly living space. Porous cells also help purify water by exerting a filtering function on the water quality by a filter action, and roots such as algae can firmly grow in the back and grow, and the irregularities exposed on the surface are arthropods. It also serves as a stepping stone when people go up and down the block.
According to the invention of claim 44, it is possible to easily and economically form the unevenness having the natural texture on the surface of the block. According to the invention of claim 45, since the block is composed of a regular hexagonal box-shaped block in plan view, the resistance against the water flow is stronger than in the case where the square box-shaped blocks are simply arranged in a grid pattern, and the water flow Due to this, the alignment of the blocks is difficult to collapse.

According to the forty-sixth aspect of the present invention, the block is a box-shaped block, and an opening is provided on the upper surface in the installed state, and concrete is provided in the opening to prevent the box-shaped block from moving. Since the weighting block made of metal is fitted and installed on the bottom of the river or waterway, the weight of the weighting block does not cause the block to be washed away even when the water flow is strong, and the flora and fauna are stable over a long period of time. The growth space of can be maintained. According to the invention of claim 47, since the weighting block has a cavity inside and has at least one opening at a required position except for the bottom surface, it is possible to grow plants even in the weighting block. .

According to the forty-eighth aspect of the present invention, the box-shaped block is installed with a concrete receiving plate interposed between the block and the bottom of the river or water channel, and the block is further provided on the receiving plate above the block. Since another block-shaped or bowl-shaped block is provided, since spaces having different heights are formed independently of each other between the block and the receiving plate and between the block and another block, the spaces are different from each other. It can be used in the form of vegetation of different types of plants. According to the invention of claim 49, between the block and the bottom of the riverbed or waterway,
Spaces that are independent of each other and blocks are formed, and the heights of these space portions are different.Therefore, it is possible to use it to form different types of plants, for example, in different spaces. Can be taken. Also,
Blocks that are stacked do not easily collapse due to the meshing of surface irregularities. According to the invention of claim 50, a notch is formed on at least one side surface of a block, and an opening formed of a through hole communicating with a space is formed by matching the notches of adjacent blocks. Therefore, the space can be filled with soil for vegetation of plants, and the block strength is higher than that in the case where the through holes are provided in the individual blocks.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an external view showing a first embodiment of a block structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a rear view of a block used in the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is an external view showing a usage state of the block structure of the first embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which an opening is covered with a mesh material.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which a pot in which plant seedlings have been planted has been fitted into the opening.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example in which a sponge is interposed between the block and the bottom surface of the water channel.

FIG. 7 is an external view showing a second embodiment of the block structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a rear view of a block used in the second embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example in which a receiving plate made of concrete or the like is interposed between the riverbed and the block.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example in which a groove is formed on the upper surface of the receiving plate so that the lower surface of the block can be fitted therein.

FIG. 11 is an external view showing a third embodiment of the block structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a vertical sectional view showing a third embodiment of the block structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 13 is an external view showing a fourth embodiment of the block structure according to the present invention, which is an example in which a protrusion is integrally provided on the lower surface of the block.

FIG. 14 is an external view showing a fourth embodiment of the block structure according to the present invention, and is an example in which a separate block is interposed on the lower surface of the block.

FIG. 15 is an application example of the block structure shown in FIG.

16 is an external view showing a block used in the block structure shown in FIG.

FIG. 17 is an external view showing a state where a depression is provided on the lower surface of the substantially flat plate-shaped block.

FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the upper surface of a separate block is inserted into the recessed portion of the block shown in FIG.

FIG. 19 is an external view showing a fourth embodiment of the block structure according to the present invention, which is an example in which a protrusion is integrally provided on the lower surface of the block.

FIG. 20 is a view of FIG. 19 taken along the line AA.

21 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG.

FIG. 22 is an external view showing a fifth embodiment of the block structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 23 is an external view showing a fifth embodiment of the block structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 24 is an external view showing a sixth embodiment of the block structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 25 is an external view showing a modification example of blocks used in the block structure of the sixth embodiment.

FIG. 26 is an external view showing a seventh embodiment of the block structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 27 is an external view showing a configuration in which a cutout portion is provided on the side surface of the block so as to fit and stand up the barrier plate.

FIG. 28 is a plan view showing an eighth embodiment of the block structure according to the present invention.

29 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. 28.

FIG. 30 is a diagram showing a modification of blocks that can be adopted in the block structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 31 is a diagram showing the block of FIG. 30 turned upside down.

FIG. 32 is a diagram showing a modification of blocks that can be adopted in the block structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 33 is a diagram showing a modification of blocks that can be adopted in the block structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 34 is an external view showing a ninth embodiment of a block structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 35 is an external view showing a ninth embodiment of the block structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 36 is an external view showing a ninth embodiment of the block structure according to the present invention.

37 is a top perspective view of a block used in the block structure of FIG. 34. FIG.

38 is a bottom perspective view of a block used in the block structure of FIG. 36. FIG.

FIG. 39 is a plan view showing a tenth embodiment of block structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 40 is a plan view showing a tenth embodiment of block structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 41 is an external view showing an example of the block structure of the tenth embodiment.

FIG. 42 is an external view showing an example of the block structure of the tenth embodiment.

FIG. 43 is a diagram showing an example of blocks that can be used in the tenth embodiment.

FIG. 44 is a diagram showing an example of blocks that can be used in the tenth embodiment.

FIG. 45 is a perspective view showing an eleventh embodiment of a block structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 46 is a perspective view showing a twelfth embodiment of a block structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 47 is a perspective view showing a thirteenth embodiment of a block structure according to the present invention.

48 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. 47.

FIG. 49 is a perspective view showing a fourteenth embodiment of a block structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 50 is a side view showing a fourteenth embodiment of a block structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 51 is a view showing an arrangement example of flat plates on blocks in the fourteenth embodiment.

52 is a perspective view showing a fifteenth embodiment of block structure according to the present invention. FIG.

FIG. 53 is a perspective view showing a fifteenth embodiment of block structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 54 is a perspective view showing a fifteenth embodiment of block structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 55 is a perspective view showing a fifteenth embodiment of block structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 56 is a perspective view showing a sixteenth embodiment of block structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 57 is a diagram showing an example of a state in which the lid block is turned upside down.

FIG. 58 is a perspective view showing a sixteenth embodiment of block structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 59 is a perspective view showing a sixteenth embodiment of block structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 60 is a perspective view showing a sixteenth embodiment of block structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 61 is a diagram showing an example of a base plate.

FIG. 62 is a perspective view showing an example of a base plate.

FIG. 63 is a plan view showing a state where the base plates of FIG. 62 are lined up.

FIG. 64 is a perspective view showing a state in which a plurality of base blocks having different heights are arranged in close contact with each other and arranged on the bottom of a river or a waterway in the block structure of the sixteenth embodiment.

FIG. 65 is a diagram showing an example in which a height difference between blocks is created by placing lid blocks having different heights on base blocks having the same height.

FIG. 66 is a diagram showing an example in which the base blocks are installed in close contact with each other without being in close contact with each other.

67 is a perspective view showing an example of a combination of a base block and a lid block. FIG.

FIG. 68 is a perspective view showing an example of a combination of a base block and a lid block.

FIG. 69 is a cross-sectional view showing a state where the base block is bottomless and is connected to the reinforcing bar and concrete.

FIG. 70 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a state in which a base block and a lid block are combined.

FIG. 71 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a state in which a base block and a lid block are combined.

FIG. 72 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a state in which a base block and a lid block are combined.

FIG. 73 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a state in which a base block and a lid block are combined.

FIG. 74 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a state in which a base block and a lid block are combined.

FIG. 75 is a perspective view of a block that can be preferably used as a lid block according to the 16th embodiment.

FIG. 76 is a back view of the block of FIG. 75.

77 is a perspective view of a block that can be preferably used as a base block of the block of FIG. 75. FIG.

FIG. 78 is a perspective view showing a seventeenth embodiment of a block structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 79 is a perspective view showing an eighteenth embodiment of a block structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 80 is a perspective view showing an eighteenth embodiment of a block structure according to the present invention.

81 is a perspective view showing a nineteenth embodiment of block structure according to the present invention. FIG.

FIG. 82 is a sectional view showing a twentieth embodiment of the block structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 83 is a sectional view showing a twenty-first embodiment of the block structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 84 is a sectional view showing a twenty-second embodiment of the block structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 85 is a sectional view showing a twenty-third embodiment of the block structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 86 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a modified example of the opening.

FIG. 87 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a modified example of the opening.

FIG. 88 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a modified example of the opening.

FIG. 89 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which unevenness is formed on the block surface due to the exposure of aggregate by washing-out and finishing of the surface during block manufacturing.

FIG. 90 is a perspective view showing a twenty-fourth embodiment of the block structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 91 is a rear perspective view showing an example of a block used in the block structure of the twenty-fourth embodiment.

FIG. 92 is a rear perspective view showing an example of a block used in the block structure of the twenty-fourth embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 block 1a base block 1b lid block 2 Openings (through holes) 3 openings (notches) 4 sponge 5 Support plate 6 cavities 9 Projection 9a protruding piece 9b protruding piece 10 protrusions 13 groove 15 dam plate 17 iron wire 18 handle 19a Eave-shaped protrusion 19b Projecting protrusion 20 flat plate 22 convex 23 recess 24 Natural stone 25 fishways 26 opening 27 weighting block 28 Openings (through holes) 29 blocks 30 openings 33 caps 34 through hole 35 notch 40 mesh material 44 Dimple 45 Hollow part of separate block 46 notch 47 upward engaging part 48 Downward engaging part 49 Positioning projection 50 backboard 51 leg plate 52 recess 54 Plane 55 Support Lid Block 60 concrete blocks Side wall of K waterway Bottom of T1 waterway Bottom of T2 river

Continued front page    (72) Inventor Shigekazu Yamauchi             107-8 Oiwake-cho, Kusatsu City, Shiga Prefecture (72) Inventor Rikako Wakabayashi             107-8 Oiwake-cho, Kusatsu City, Shiga Prefecture (72) Inventor Akiko Yamauchi             107-8 Oiwake-cho, Kusatsu City, Shiga Prefecture F-term (reference) 2D018 EA11                 4D040 CC01 CC11

Claims (50)

[Claims] 1. A generally block-shaped or bowl-shaped concrete block is provided with at least one opening, and the block is turned upside down so that a space is formed between the block and the bottom of the river or waterway. An environmental protection block structure for river waterways, which is installed so that the opening communicates with the space. 2. At least one opening is provided at a required location except for the lower surface of a concrete block having an appearance of a natural stone having a cavity inside, and the block is installed on the bottom of a river or waterway. Environmental protection block structure for river waterways characterized by communicating with cavities. 3. A bottom surface of a river or a waterway by providing at least one opening in a substantially flat concrete block, and integrally providing a projection on the lower surface of the block or by interposing a separate block. An environmental protection block structure for river waterways, which is installed on the bottom surface so that a space is formed between the opening and the space, and the opening portion communicates with the space. 4. The environmental protection block structure for river waterways according to claim 3, wherein the projecting portions are provided on an upper surface and a lower surface of the substantially flat plate-shaped block. 5. The projecting portion is composed of a plurality of pairs of projecting pieces provided at regular intervals, and a flat plate is sandwiched in the thickness direction between the projecting pieces forming the pair. 5. The environmental protection block structure for a river channel according to claim 4, wherein the block is erected and fixed at a substantially right angle on the block. 6. The substantially flat plate block has a quadrangular shape in a plan view, and a concave portion is provided on the upper surface in the vicinity of one of the two adjacent sides to form an upward engaging portion. A similar concave portion is also provided on the lower surface at a nearby position to form a downward engaging portion, and the upward engaging portion and the downward engaging portion are meshed with each other, so that adjacent substantially flat plate-shaped blocks are closely arranged. The environmental protection block structure for river waterways according to claim 3, wherein 7. A recess is provided on the lower surface of the substantially flat plate-shaped block, and the upper surface of the separate block is inserted into this recessed portion, whereby the separate block is interposed on the lower surface of the substantially flat plate-shaped block. The environmental protection block structure for river canals according to claim 3. 8. The inside of the separate block is hollow to be filled with soil, and the bottom surface of the substantially flat plate block is formed so that the hollow portion communicates with an opening formed in the substantially flat plate block. It is arranged, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.
Environmental protection block structure for river canals described. 9. A plurality of sets of block structures in which a groove or a depression is provided on the lower surface of the substantially flat plate-like block and a separate block is fitted in the groove or the depression, and the plurality of sets of block structures are formed. The environmental protection block structure for river waterways according to claim 7, wherein the environmental protection block structures are vertically stacked. 10. The substantially flat plate-shaped block is installed so as to be inclined so that the upstream side becomes higher, and a curved or curved passage for forming a fish passage is formed on the upper surface thereof. Environmental protection block structure for river waterways described in 3. 11. The environmental protection block structure for a river waterway according to claim 10, wherein the passage is formed of natural stone embedded in the upper surface of the block. 12. A concrete block is provided with at least one opening, and a part of the block is placed in contact with the bottom and side walls of the water channel so that a space is formed between the block and the side wall of the water channel. An environmental protection block structure for river waterways, characterized in that the opening communicates with the space. 13. The environmental protection block structure for a river waterway according to claim 12, wherein the block is formed by integrating two box-shaped blocks in an L shape. 14. The environmental protection block structure for a river canal according to claim 1, wherein the opening is provided on a side surface and an upper surface of the installed block. 15. The block is installed by interposing a concrete receiving plate, sponge or impermeable sheet between the block and a bottom surface of a river or a waterway. Environmental protection block structure for river waterways described in Crab. 16. The environmental protection block structure for river waterways according to claim 15, wherein the plan view shape of the receiving plate is a quadrangle or a hexagon. 17. A concrete block is provided with at least one opening, and the block is installed on the bottom of a river or waterway so that a space is formed between the bottom and the opening, and the opening communicates with the space. In the block structure as described above, the block is formed by a base block installed on the bottom of a river or a waterway, and a lid block placed on the upper part of the base block. Environment protection block structure. 18. The environmental protection block structure for river canals according to claim 17, wherein the base block is a fume tube. 19. The river channel environmental protection block structure according to claim 17, wherein the lid block and the base block are provided with an opening communicating with the space. 20. The environmental protection block for river canals according to claim 17, wherein a positioning convex portion for positioning the lid block on the base block is provided on the lower surface of the lid block. Construction. 21. The river channel according to claim 17, wherein the base block is composed of a plurality of blocks formed in a substantially Π shape in a plan view, and the plurality of base blocks are continuously arranged. Environment protection block structure. 22. The environmental protection block structure for river canals according to claim 17, wherein a plurality of base blocks having different heights are arranged in close contact with each other or at intervals. 23. The river according to claim 17, wherein a plurality of base blocks are arranged in close contact with each other or at intervals, and lid blocks having different heights are placed on the base blocks. Environmental protection block structure for waterways. 24. The environmental protection block structure for a river canal according to claim 1 or 3, wherein a cutout portion is provided on a side surface of the block so as to fit and stand the dam plate. 25. The environmental protection block structure for river canals according to claim 1 or 3, wherein at least two blocks are arranged in a row in a flow direction, and a weir plate is interposed between these blocks. 26. A block tilted so that the downstream side becomes higher and a block tilted so that the upstream side becomes higher are installed such that the raised sides of both blocks face each other. Environmental protection block structure for river waterways described in 3. 27. A block inclined so that the downstream side becomes high and a block inclined so that the upstream side becomes high are installed alternately and continuously in the width direction of the river or waterway. Or the environmental protection block structure for river waterways described in 3. 28. A concrete block having a cylindrical shape is provided with at least one opening, and the block is divided into two parallel to the lengthwise direction, and a space is formed between the block and the bottom of the river or waterway with the divided surface as the lower surface. An environmental protection block structure for river waterways, which is installed on the bottom surface so as to be formed so that the opening portion communicates with the space. 29. A flat surface portion is formed by notching the arc-shaped side surface of the installed block at a right angle with respect to the dividing surface, and the flat surface portions are brought into contact with each other, whereby a plurality of blocks are formed. 29. The environmental protection block structure for river waterways according to claim 28, wherein the blocks are arranged in close contact with each other. 30. The support lid block is fitted to one or both of the lengthwise open end faces of the block so as to close the open end face, and the block is installed at the bottom of a river or waterway. 29. Environmental protection block structure for river canals. 31. A plurality of concrete blocks having irregularities on the surface are piled up by engaging the irregularities so that gaps are formed between the blocks, and are installed on the bottom of a river or waterway. An environmental protection block structure for river waterways, characterized in that a cavity is formed in at least one of them and an opening communicating with the cavity is provided. 32. The environmental protection block structure for river canals according to claim 1, wherein the space or cavity is filled with a soil for plant growth and / or a water purification material such as oyster shells. . 33. The environmental protection block structure for a river channel according to claim 1, wherein a mesh material is fixed so as to cover the opening of the block. 34. The environmental protection block structure for a river channel according to claim 1, wherein the space or cavity is divided into a plurality of sections. 35. The environmental protection block structure for a river canal according to claim 1, wherein the opening is a knockout type opening that can be punched out if necessary. 36. The environmental protection block structure for a river canal according to claim 1, wherein the opening has a stepwise diameter increase from the inner surface to the outer surface or from the outer surface to the inner surface. 37. The environmental protection block structure for a river waterway according to claim 36, wherein a cap having a through hole is detachably fitted to the stepwise enlarged opening. 38. The environmental protection block structure for a river channel according to claim 1, wherein a side surface of the block is formed to be curved in a water flow direction. 39. The environmental protection block structure for a river waterway according to claim 1, wherein a protrusion-shaped or eave-shaped protrusion is provided on a side surface of the block. 40. The river according to any one of claims 1 to 39, wherein unevenness is provided on a side surface of the block, and the adjacent blocks can be closely arranged by engaging the unevenness. Environmental protection block structure for waterways. 41. The environmental protection block structure for river canals according to claim 1, wherein an iron wire is exposed from a side surface of the block, and adjacent blocks can be connected by the iron wire. . 42. The environmental protection block structure for a river waterway according to claim 1, wherein a handle for carrying the block is detachably attached to the opening. 43. The environmental protection block structure for a river canal according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the block is formed with irregularities or the block is formed in a porous shape. 44. The environmental protection block structure for a river waterway according to claim 43, wherein the irregularities on the surface of the block are formed by exposing the aggregate by washing and finishing the surface when the block is manufactured. 45. The environmental protection block structure for river canals according to claim 1, wherein the block is a box-shaped block having a hexagonal shape in plan view. 46. The block is a box-shaped block, and an opening is provided on the upper surface in the installed state,
The environmental protection for river waterways according to claim 1, wherein a concrete weighting block for preventing the movement of the box-shaped blocks is fitted in the opening and installed on the bottom of the river or waterway. Block structure. 47. The environmental protection block structure for river waterways according to claim 46, wherein said weighting block has a cavity inside and has at least one opening at a required position except a bottom surface. 48. The box-shaped block is installed with a concrete receiving plate interposed between the block and the bottom of a river or waterway, and another box-shaped or bowl-shaped block is provided on the block above the receiving plate. The environmental protection block structure for river waterways according to claim 1, wherein the block is provided. 49. A plurality of concrete blocks having concaves and convexes on the surface are stacked on the upper part of the box-shaped block by meshing the concaves and convexes so that gaps are formed between the blocks. The environmental protection block structure for river waterways according to claim 1. 50. A block structure in which a plurality of concrete blocks are placed in close contact with each other so that a space is formed between the blocks and the bottom surface of a river or waterway, and at least one of the blocks is provided. Environmental conservation for river waterways characterized in that a notch reaching the upper surface is formed on the side surface, and an opening formed of a through hole communicating with the space is formed by matching the notches of adjacent blocks. Block structure.