JP2003023856A - Nutrient preparation for mushroom cultivation and method for cultivating mushroom using the same - Google Patents
Nutrient preparation for mushroom cultivation and method for cultivating mushroom using the sameInfo
- Publication number
- JP2003023856A JP2003023856A JP2001216295A JP2001216295A JP2003023856A JP 2003023856 A JP2003023856 A JP 2003023856A JP 2001216295 A JP2001216295 A JP 2001216295A JP 2001216295 A JP2001216295 A JP 2001216295A JP 2003023856 A JP2003023856 A JP 2003023856A
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- diatomaceous earth
- nutrient
- mushroom
- medium
- mushroom cultivation
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Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、キノコ栽培用栄養
剤及び該栄養剤を用いたキノコ栽培方法に関するもので
ある。TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a nutrient for mushroom cultivation and a method for mushroom cultivation using the nutrient.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】近年、食用キノコの生産は、人工栽培に
よる工業的な生産方法が主流となっている。人工栽培に
使用する培地は、オガクズやコーンコブ等の基材に、米
糠、小麦ふすま、コーンブラン、大豆粕、オカラ等の栄
養剤を混合したものが利用されている。2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, industrial production methods by artificial cultivation have become the mainstream for the production of edible mushrooms. As a medium used for artificial cultivation, a medium in which a nutrient such as rice bran, wheat bran, corn bran, soybean meal and okara is mixed with a base material such as sawdust and corn cob is used.
【０００３】しかし、これらの栄養剤は、価格や品質の
変動があり、年間を通じて安定した価格で一定の品質の
素材を入手するのは難しい。また、人工栽培では、生産
性の向上およびコスト低減のために、より優れた栄養剤
が求められており、具体的には収穫量増加、栽培期間短
縮、品質安定化が図れるものが求められている。However, these nutritional supplements have price and quality fluctuations, and it is difficult to obtain a material of a certain quality at a stable price throughout the year. Further, in artificial cultivation, in order to improve productivity and reduce costs, superior nutritional supplements are required, and specifically, those that can increase crop yield, shorten cultivation period, and stabilize quality are required. There is.
【０００４】このような状況から、様々な研究が行われ
ており、例えば、栄養源に特徴を有するものとしては、
ウイスキー蒸留廃液（特公平6−87711）、汚泥（特開平
10−178887）、落花生さや（特開昭57−68716）、大豆
煮汁（特開昭55−61794)等が、また、多孔質物質を用い
ることに特徴を有するものとしては、油脂含有白土、油
脂含有珪藻土又は油脂含有活性炭（特開昭54−11774
7）、多糖類製造に使用したパーライト（特開平5−1035
40）、ゼオライト（特開平1−104114）、バーミキュラ
イト、天然軽石、パーライト（特開平1−181729）等
が、それぞれ提案されているが、後述するように、充分
な効果は得られていない。Under such circumstances, various studies have been conducted, and, for example, as one having a feature in a nutrition source,
Whiskey distillation waste liquid (Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-87711), sludge
10-178887), peanut pods (JP-A-57-68716), soybean juice (JP-A-55-61794) and the like, which are characterized by using a porous substance, include oil-containing white clay, oil and fat. Containing diatomaceous earth or fat-containing activated carbon (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 54-11774)
7), perlite used for the production of polysaccharides (JP-A-5-1035
40), zeolite (JP-A-1-104114), vermiculite, natural pumice, perlite (JP-A-1-181729) and the like, respectively, have been proposed, but as described below, sufficient effects have not been obtained.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明の目的は、キノ
コの収穫量を増加させることができる、キノコ類の栽培
用栄養剤及び該栄養剤を用いたキノコの栽培方法を提供
することにある。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a nutrient for cultivating mushrooms, which can increase the yield of mushrooms, and a method for cultivating mushrooms using the nutrient. .
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者らは、上記課題
を解決するために鋭意検討を重ねた結果、蛋白質、糖質
及び脂質からなる３栄養成分を珪藻土に吸着させたもの
を栄養剤として、キノコ栽培用培地に添加すると、キノ
コの収穫量が増すことを見出し、更に研究を重ね、本発
明を完成した。Means for Solving the Problems As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have found that three nutrient components consisting of protein, sugar and lipid are adsorbed on diatomaceous earth as a nutritional supplement. As a result, they found that the amount of mushroom harvest increased when added to a medium for mushroom cultivation, and further research was conducted to complete the present invention.
【０００７】即ち、本発明は、以下の構成からなるもの
である。
１）蛋白質、糖質及び脂質からなる３栄養成分を吸着さ
せた珪藻土を有効成分とするキノコ栽培用栄養剤。
２）珪藻土が、食品製造の精製工程の濾過助剤として使
用した廃珪藻土である上記１記載のキノコ栽培用栄養
剤。
３）廃珪藻土が、糖化製品の精製工程で用いたものであ
る上記１又は２記載のキノコ栽培用栄養剤。
４）上記１、２又は３記載のキノコ栽培用栄養剤を含有
するキノコ栽培用培地。
５）上記４記載のキノコ栽培用培地を用いることを特徴
とするキノコ栽培方法。That is, the present invention has the following configuration. 1) A nutrient for mushroom cultivation containing diatomaceous earth as an active ingredient, which adsorbs three nutrients consisting of protein, sugar and lipid. 2) The nutrient for mushroom cultivation according to 1 above, wherein the diatomaceous earth is waste diatomaceous earth used as a filter aid in the refining step of food production. 3) The nutrient for mushroom cultivation according to 1 or 2 above, wherein the waste diatomaceous earth is used in the purification step of a saccharified product. 4) A mushroom cultivation medium containing the nutrient for mushroom cultivation described in 1, 2 or 3 above. 5) A mushroom cultivation method using the mushroom cultivation medium described in 4 above.
【０００８】本発明は、「蛋白質、糖質及び脂質からな
る３栄養成分を吸着させた珪藻土を有効成分とする栄養
剤を、キノコ栽培用培地に添加すると、キノコの収穫量
が増加する。」という新事実の発見に基づいてなされた
ものである。The present invention "adds a nutrient containing diatomaceous earth as an active ingredient, which adsorbs three nutrients consisting of protein, sugar and lipid, to a mushroom cultivation medium to increase the yield of mushrooms." It was made based on the discovery of the new fact.
【０００９】本発明の特徴とするところは、蛋白質、糖
質及び脂質からなる３栄養成分を吸着させた珪藻土を有
効成分とするキノコ栽培用栄養剤を、キノコ栽培用培地
に添加することにより、キノコの収穫量を増加させた点
にある。The feature of the present invention is that a nutrient for mushroom cultivation containing diatomaceous earth, which has adsorbed three nutrients consisting of protein, sugar and lipid, as an active ingredient, is added to a mushroom cultivation medium. The point is that the yield of mushrooms has been increased.
【００１０】上記の栄養剤としては、食品製造の精製工
程の濾過助剤として使用した廃珪藻土、例えば、糖化製
品の精製工程で用いたもの等が使用可能である。この場
合、資源の有効利用にも資することができる。As the above-mentioned nutrient, it is possible to use the waste diatomaceous earth used as a filter aid in the refining step of food production, for example, the one used in the refining step of saccharified products. In this case, it is possible to contribute to effective use of resources.
【００１１】本栄養剤が、上記のような優れた効果が奏
される理由は、蛋白質、糖質及び脂質からなる３栄養成
分と珪藻土との相乗効果により達成されたものと推察さ
れ、両構成要件の何れが欠けても、本発明の目的は達成
されない。It is speculated that the reason why the present nutritional supplement exhibits the above-mentioned excellent effects is that it is achieved by the synergistic effect of the three nutrient components consisting of protein, sugar and lipid and diatomaceous earth. If any of the requirements are lacking, the object of the present invention will not be achieved.
【００１２】本発明で用いられる珪藻土は、単細胞藻類
の一種である珪藻が堆積してできた岩石を乾燥、粉砕、
分級して精製し、さらに多くは１０００〜１２００℃で
焼成し分級で粒度を揃えたものであって、多孔質の微小
粒子から成っている。このものは、ＳｉＯ2が約９０
％、その他、Ａｌ2Ｏ3、Ｆｅ2Ｏ3、ＣａＯ、ＭｇＯがそ
の化学成分であり、粒子経は５０μ〜１μ程度で、空隙
率（空間率）は約８０〜９０％であって、２５ｍｍ3の
大きさに２５０〜１０００万の孔をもっている。このよ
うに、珪藻土は、空隙率が大きいため、液体の吸収能力
や濾過能力が良好で汎用濾過助剤として利用されてい
る。The diatomaceous earth used in the present invention is obtained by drying, crushing rocks formed by depositing diatoms, which is a kind of unicellular algae,
The particles are classified and refined, and most of them are fired at 1000 to 1200 ° C. and uniform in particle size by classification, and are composed of porous fine particles. The thing is, SiO 2 is about 90
%, Other, Al 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , CaO, MgO are its chemical components, particle diameter is about 50 μ to 1 μ, porosity (porosity) is about 80 to 90%, and 25 mm The size of 3 has 2-10 million holes. As described above, since diatomaceous earth has a large porosity, it has good liquid absorption capacity and filtration capacity, and is used as a general-purpose filter aid.
【００１３】このような、多孔質の微小粒子である珪藻
土に、キノコの生長に必要な栄養成分である、蛋白質、
糖質及び脂質からなる３栄養成分を吸着させ、該栄養成
分が珪藻土粒子の細孔中に止まっている状態にさせて、
培地に混合すると、培地中に均一に栄養成分を行き渡ら
せることが可能になり、菌糸の栄養成分の利用効率が良
くなるために増収効果が奏されることとなる。これが、
本栄養剤が優れた効果を奏する理由の一つである。The diatomaceous earth, which is such a porous fine particle, contains a protein, which is a nutritional component necessary for the growth of mushrooms,
By adsorbing three nutritional components consisting of sugars and lipids so that the nutritional components remain in the pores of the diatomaceous earth particles,
When mixed with the medium, the nutrient components can be evenly distributed in the medium, and the utilization efficiency of the nutrient components of the mycelium is improved, so that the yielding effect is exhibited. This is,
This is one of the reasons why this nutritional supplement has excellent effects.
【００１４】ところで、前述したように、多孔質のもの
を用いる従来技術として、油脂含有白土、油脂含有珪
藻土又は油脂含有活性炭（特開昭54−117747）、多糖
類製造に使用したパーライト（特開平5−103540）、
ゼオライト（特開平1−104114）、バーミキュライ
ト、天然軽石、パーライト（特開平1−181729）等があ
る。By the way, as described above, as a conventional technique using a porous material, oil-containing white clay, oil-containing diatomaceous earth or oil-containing activated carbon (JP-A-54-117747), and perlite used in the production of polysaccharides (JP-A- 5-103540),
Zeolite (JP-A-1-104114), vermiculite, natural pumice, perlite (JP-A-1-181729) and the like.
【００１５】しかし、以下述べるように、これらの従来
法は、いずれも本発明を教示するものではない。
従来法について：本従来法は、栄養成分を吸着させた
珪藻土をキノコ栽培用培地に利用する点においては、本
発明と同じであるが、栄養成分の構成が異なる。即ち、
この方法は、栄養成分として、脂質単独を用いたもので
あり、糖質や蛋白質などのキノコの生長に必要な他の栄
養成分は吸着されていないので、栄養バランスは取れな
いという欠点があり、その効果には限度があることは自
明の理である。However, as described below, none of these conventional methods teaches the present invention. Regarding the conventional method: This conventional method is the same as the present invention in that diatomaceous earth with adsorbed nutrients is used as a medium for mushroom cultivation, but the composition of the nutrients is different. That is,
This method uses a lipid alone as a nutritional component, and since other nutritional components necessary for the growth of mushrooms such as sugar and protein are not adsorbed, there is a drawback that nutritional balance cannot be achieved, It is self-evident that the effect is limited.
【００１６】これに対して、本発明の栄養剤は、蛋白
質、糖質及び脂質からなる３栄養成分を、珪藻土に吸着
させたものであるので、キノコの生長に必要な栄養成分
がバランスよく含まれている。従って、本発明の方が、
従来法に比し、増収効果が大であることは明らかであ
る。On the other hand, since the nutritional supplement of the present invention is obtained by adsorbing the three nutritional components consisting of protein, sugar and lipid onto diatomaceous earth, the nutrients necessary for the growth of mushrooms are contained in a well-balanced manner. Has been. Therefore, the present invention is more
It is clear that the effect of increasing the yield is greater than that of the conventional method.
【００１７】また、従来法は、脂質のみを珪藻土に吸
着させたものであるから、べたついて取り扱いに難があ
るが、本発明のものは、砂状であって、取り扱い易い点
においても、両者は相違する。In the conventional method, only the lipid is adsorbed on the diatomaceous earth, which makes it sticky and difficult to handle. However, the present invention is sandy and easy to handle. Is different.
【００１８】従来法について：本従来法は、多糖類製
造の際に濾過助剤として用いたパーライト残さ等の有機
物を含有するパーライトを担子菌類用培地とするもので
ある。この方法に用いられているパーライトは、黒耀石
・松脂岩・真珠岩などの一群のガラス質岩石より製造さ
れるものであり、ＳｉＯ2が約７０％、Ａｌ2Ｏ3１３
％、その他、Ｆｅ2Ｏ3、ＣａＯ、ＭｇＯなどよりなる
が、助剤としては、珪藻土に比べ空隙率が低いので、性
能も落ちる。Regarding the conventional method: In this conventional method, perlite containing organic matter such as perlite residue used as a filter aid in the production of polysaccharides is used as a medium for basidiomycetes. The pearlite used in this method is produced from a group of glassy rocks such as Kurokoishi, pinelite, and pearlite, and has SiO 2 content of about 70% and Al 2 O 3 13
%, Other, Fe 2 O 3, CaO, although made of such MgO, as the aid, because of the low porosity compared to the diatomaceous earth, performance drops.
【００１９】また、パーライトに含有させる有機物も、
増粘多糖類（ローカストビーンガム、カラギーナンな
ど）の製造由来のものであって、栄養成分は、蛋白質や
セルロースなどであって、本発明のように脂質などを含
んでいないので、栄養成分としてはバランスに欠けてい
る。The organic substances contained in perlite are also
It is derived from the production of thickening polysaccharides (locust bean gum, carrageenan, etc.), and the nutritional component is protein or cellulose and does not contain lipids as in the present invention. Lack of balance.
【００２０】従って、従来法は本発明に比べ栄養成分
が劣るため、収穫効果が劣ると予想されるが、実際に、
両者の収穫について比較すると、従来法では、ヒラタ
ケで、本発明の程度の収穫量を得るための、栽培日数は
３７〜３８日であるが（表１）、本発明では２９〜３１
日であり、従来法は、本発明より同程度の収量を得る
ための栽培日数が多くなる点で、劣っている。Therefore, the conventional method is inferior to the present invention in nutritional components, and thus the harvesting effect is expected to be inferior.
Comparing the two harvests, in the conventional method, the number of cultivation days is 37 to 38 days in order to obtain the yield of the degree of the present invention with oyster mushrooms (Table 1), but in the present invention, it is 29 to 31.
However, the conventional method is inferior to the present invention in that the number of cultivation days for obtaining the same yield is increased.
【００２１】従来法について：本従来法のゼオライト
は、無機塩、特にリン酸塩、カルシウム塩等があり、珪
酸（二酸化ケイ素）も多量に含まれているため、ゼオラ
イトをキノコ培地に配合すれば茸菌が吸収し易い状態で
培地を組成し、米糟や小麦ふすまを用いた一般的な培養
基に対して不足している炭素、カルシウム、リン、鉄、
マグネシウム等の成分を補給することになるとされてい
る。Regarding the conventional method: The zeolite of this conventional method has inorganic salts, especially phosphates, calcium salts and the like, and also contains a large amount of silicic acid (silicon dioxide). Therefore, if zeolite is added to the mushroom medium, Composing the medium in a state in which the fungi are easily absorbed, carbon, calcium, phosphorus, iron, which is insufficient for a general culture medium using rice bran or wheat bran,
It is said that it will supplement components such as magnesium.
【００２２】従って、この方法のゼオライトは、本発明
の珪藻土のように、栄養成分の担体として用いたもので
はなく、それ自体をミネラル成分として用いたものであ
るので、その使用目的は本発明の珪藻土のそれとは異な
っていることは明らかである。Therefore, since the zeolite of this method is not used as a carrier for nutritional components like the diatomaceous earth of the present invention, but is used as a mineral component itself, its purpose of use is as follows. It is clear that it is different from that of diatomaceous earth.
【００２３】従来法について：本従来法は、培地を構
成する固体素材の５０重量％以上が、３〜２０メッシュ
の範囲内の大きさに設定されていることを特徴とするキ
ノコの種菌培地であり、該固体素材として、バーミキュ
ライト、天然軽石、パーライトなどを用いるものであ
る。Regarding Conventional Method: This conventional method is a mushroom inoculum medium characterized in that 50% by weight or more of the solid material constituting the medium is set to a size within the range of 3 to 20 mesh. There are vermiculite, natural pumice stone, perlite and the like as the solid material.
【００２４】従って、この方法の多孔質物質である、バ
ーミキュライト、天然軽石、パーライトなどは、培地を
構成する固体素材として用いられているが、本発明の珪
藻土のように、栄養成分の担体として用いたものではな
いことは明らかである。Therefore, the porous substances of this method, such as vermiculite, natural pumice, and perlite, are used as the solid material constituting the medium, but like the diatomaceous earth of the present invention, they are used as a carrier for nutrients. Obviously it wasn't what it was.
【００２５】以上のように、従来法〜は、本発明と
は、多孔質物質自体の使用目的や該物質に担持させる栄
養成分が異なるので、両者は別種のものである。何れに
しても、本発明は、上記の新事実の発見、即ち、蛋白
質、糖質及び脂質からなる３栄養成分を珪藻土に吸着さ
せたものを有効成分としたキノコ栽培用栄養剤が、優れ
たキノコの増収促進作用があること等を見出し、該栄養
剤を用いて優れたキノコ栽培用培地を開発したものであ
り、本発明の構成の選択には格別の意義があることには
変わりはない。As described above, the conventional methods 1 to 3 are different from the present invention in that the purpose of use of the porous substance itself and the nutritional component to be carried by the substance are different, and therefore the two are different types. In any case, the present invention is excellent in discovering the above-mentioned new facts, that is, a nutrient for mushroom cultivation having an active ingredient obtained by adsorbing three nutrients consisting of protein, sugar and lipid on diatomaceous earth. It was discovered that the mushroom has an effect of increasing the yield, and developed an excellent mushroom cultivation medium using the nutrient, and there is no difference in that the selection of the constitution of the present invention has special significance. .
【００２６】以下、本発明をさらに詳しく説明する。本
発明は、蛋白質、糖質及び脂質からなる３栄養成分を珪
藻土に吸着させたものを有効成分とするキノコ栽培用栄
養剤を得、該栄養剤を添加してキノコ栽培用培地を調製
し、この培地を用いて、キノコを効率よく栽培するもの
である。The present invention will be described in more detail below. The present invention obtains a nutrient for mushroom cultivation having an active ingredient obtained by adsorbing three nutrients consisting of protein, sugar and lipid on diatomaceous earth, and adding the nutrient to prepare a medium for mushroom cultivation, Mushrooms are efficiently cultivated using this medium.
【００２７】上記の本発明の構成要件の、（イ）キノコ
栽培用栄養剤、（ロ）キノコ栽培用培地、（ハ）キノコ
栽培法について、以下説明する。The (a) mushroom-growing nutrient, (b) mushroom-cultivating medium, and (c) mushroom-cultivating method, which are constituent features of the present invention, will be described below.
【００２８】（イ） キノコ栽培用栄養剤
本キノコ栽培用栄養剤は、本発明の中核をなすものであ
り、蛋白質、糖質及び脂質からなる３栄養成分を珪藻土
に吸着させたものである。本栄養成分としては、蛋白
質、糖質及び脂質からなる３栄養成分を含有するもので
あれば、その種類は問わない。(A) Nutrient for mushroom cultivation The nutrient for mushroom cultivation is the core of the present invention, and is one in which three nutrient components consisting of protein, sugar and lipid are adsorbed on diatomaceous earth. The present nutritional component may be of any type as long as it contains three nutritional components consisting of protein, sugar and lipid.
【００２９】本キノコ栽培用栄養剤を得るためには、蛋
白質、糖質及び脂質からなる３栄養成分を珪藻土に吸着
させることが必須の要件である。この場合の吸着とは、
蛋白質、糖質及び脂質からなる３栄養成分が珪藻土粒子
の細孔中にとどまっている状態を示す。該栄養成分を珪
藻土に吸着させて培地に混合すると、培地中に均一に各
種栄養成分を行き渡らせることが可能になり、菌糸の栄
養成分の利用効率が良くなるために増収効果がもたらさ
れる。In order to obtain the present nutrient for mushroom cultivation, it is an essential requirement that the three nutrient components consisting of protein, sugar and lipid be adsorbed on diatomaceous earth. What is adsorption in this case?
It shows a state in which the three nutrient components consisting of protein, sugar and lipid remain in the pores of the diatomaceous earth particles. When the nutrient components are adsorbed on diatomaceous earth and mixed with the medium, various nutrient components can be evenly distributed in the medium, and the utilization efficiency of the nutrient components of the mycelium is improved, resulting in an increase in yield.
【００３０】また、様々な粒度の素材が混ざった培地
に、液体状の栄養成分含有物を均一に混合することは非
常に困難であるが、珪藻土に吸着させて混合することに
より容易となる利点もある。Further, it is very difficult to uniformly mix the liquid nutrient component-containing material into the medium in which the raw materials of various particle sizes are mixed, but the advantage that it becomes easy by adsorbing and mixing with the diatomaceous earth There is also.
【００３１】次に、珪藻土に、上記の３栄養成分を吸着
させる方法としては、どのような方法を用いてもよい
が、例えば上記の３栄養成分を含有する溶液を珪藻土と
混合または通液することができる。Next, any method may be used as a method for adsorbing the above-mentioned three nutritional components to the diatomaceous earth. For example, a solution containing the above-mentioned three nutritional components is mixed with or passed through the diatomaceous earth. be able to.
【００３２】本栄養剤の有効成分として、食品製造の精
製工程の濾過助剤として使用された廃珪藻土を用いるこ
ともできる。例えば、コーンスターチ、ぶどう糖などの
糖化製品製造の精製工程の濾過助剤として使用された廃
珪藻土は、製造原料由来の蛋白質、糖質及び脂質からな
る３栄養成分をバランスよく含むので、養分調整しなく
ても、そのまま栄養剤として用いることができるので有
利である。As an active ingredient of the present nutrient, waste diatomaceous earth used as a filter aid in the refining process of food production can also be used. For example, waste diatomaceous earth used as a filter aid in the purification process of saccharified products such as corn starch and glucose does not require nutrient adjustment because it contains three nutrient components consisting of proteins, sugars and lipids derived from manufacturing raw materials in a well-balanced manner. However, it is advantageous because it can be used as a nutrient as it is.
【００３３】例えば、ぶどう糖の製造に使用された廃珪
藻土は、糖質、蛋白質、脂質等多種類の栄養成分を含有
する結果（代表的組成：水分３１．７％、糖質７．１
％、蛋白質１５．９％、脂質３１．８％、灰分１３．５
％）、バランスの良い栄養成分を珪藻土に吸着している
ことになるので、優れた増収効果がもたらされる。特
に、廃珪藻土を用いた場合、その形状は砂状で、取り扱
い易く、キノコ栽培用栄養剤に多く用いられる米糠や小
麦ふすま等と混合し易いので、作業性の面からも有利で
ある。For example, as a result of the waste diatomaceous earth used for the production of glucose containing various kinds of nutrients such as sugars, proteins and lipids (representative composition: water content 31.7%, sugars 7.1).
%, Protein 15.9%, lipid 31.8%, ash 13.5
%), Since the well-balanced nutritional components are adsorbed on the diatomaceous earth, an excellent yield-increasing effect is brought about. In particular, when waste diatomaceous earth is used, its shape is sandy, easy to handle, and easy to mix with rice bran, wheat bran, etc., which are often used as nutrients for mushroom cultivation, which is advantageous in terms of workability.
【００３４】また、本発明では、珪藻土を用いるので、
米糠や小麦ふすまを用いた一般的な培養基に対して不足
している、鉄、カルシウム、マグネシウム等のミネラル
成分を補給することができる。なお、廃珪藻土の臭気が
気になる場合には、その防止策として、生石灰（Ｃａ
Ｏ）などの防臭剤を添加すればよい。Since diatomaceous earth is used in the present invention,
It is possible to supplement the mineral components such as iron, calcium and magnesium, which are lacking in the general culture medium using rice bran or wheat bran. If you are concerned about the odor of waste diatomaceous earth, quick lime (Ca
A deodorant such as O) may be added.
【００３５】本キノコ栽培用栄養剤の培地への添加量
は、培地の乾燥重量当たり１〜５０重量％であり、好ま
しくは５〜３５重量％である。なお、米糠、小麦ふすま
等の他の栄養剤を用いている場合には、その１〜１００
重量％、好ましくは１０〜７５重量％の範囲で置換する
ことができる。The amount of this nutrient for mushroom cultivation added to the medium is 1 to 50% by weight, preferably 5 to 35% by weight, based on the dry weight of the medium. If other nutrients such as rice bran and wheat bran are used,
The substitution can be in the range of% by weight, preferably 10 to 75% by weight.
【００３６】（ロ） キノコ栽培用培地
キノコ栽培用培地は、上記（イ）の栄養剤を、培地に添
加して調製される。(B) Mushroom cultivation medium A mushroom cultivation medium is prepared by adding the nutrient (a) described above to the medium.
【００３７】（培地基材）培地基材として、通常のもの
が使用可能であり、特に限定されない。例えば、オガ屑
（オガコ、オガチップ）、コーンコブミール（破砕した
コーンコブ）、籾殻などが使用できる。勿論、これらの
内の２種以上を混ぜて使用することも可能である。更
に、培地の骨格を形成できるものであれば、ガラスビー
ズ等の化成品を使用することもできる。(Medium Base Material) As the medium base material, any ordinary one can be used without any particular limitation. For example, sawdust (sawdust, sawdust), corn cob meal (crushed corn cob), rice husks and the like can be used. Of course, it is also possible to use a mixture of two or more of these. Furthermore, chemical products such as glass beads can be used as long as they can form the skeleton of the medium.
【００３８】（その他の栄養素材）培地に添加する栄養
素材は、本発明の栄養剤の外に、通常の栄養素材を併用
してもよい。通常の栄養素材としては、以下のものが挙
げられる。(Other nutritional materials) As the nutritional material to be added to the medium, in addition to the nutritional agent of the present invention, a normal nutritional material may be used in combination. Examples of normal nutritional materials include the following.
【００３９】（ａ）米糠
米糠は、キノコの生長に有効な糖質が多く含まれるた
め、キノコの栄養素材として最も一般的に用いられてい
る。(A) Rice bran Rice bran is most commonly used as a nutritional material for mushrooms because it contains a lot of sugars effective for mushroom growth.
【００４０】（ｂ）小麦ふすま
小麦ふすま又は小麦に由来する栄養素材、例えば、小麦
粉、全粒粉、小麦澱粉、小麦胚芽（生胚芽、焙煎胚芽）
又は小麦胚芽油等も用いることができる。小麦ふすまの
使用量は、栄養源に含まれる小麦ふすま量として２０％
以上、好ましくは４０％以上にするのがよい。(B) Wheat bran Wheat bran or nutritional material derived from wheat, for example, wheat flour, whole wheat flour, wheat starch, wheat germ (raw germ, roast germ)
Alternatively, wheat germ oil or the like can be used. The amount of wheat bran used is 20% as the amount of wheat bran contained in the nutrient source.
The above is preferably 40% or more.
【００４１】（ｃ）小麦以外の農産物
上記の小麦以外の他の農産物に由来する栄養素材となる
農産物としては、大豆、トウモロコシ、菜種、米、大
麦、ライ麦、オーツ麦、小豆、エンドウ豆、ヒマワリ
種、綿実、ジャガイモ、サツマイモ、サトウキビ、ビー
ト、トマト、ミカン等が挙げられる。(C) Agricultural Products Other Than Wheat As agricultural products derived from other agricultural products other than wheat as nutritional materials, soybean, corn, rapeseed, rice, barley, rye, oats, red beans, peas, sunflowers. Examples include seeds, cotton seeds, potatoes, sweet potatoes, sugar cane, beets, tomatoes and mandarins.
【００４２】（ｄ）農産物に由来する加工産物
農産物に由来する栄養素材となる加工産物としては、例
えば、大豆粕、大豆皮、大豆蛋白、大豆胚軸、大豆粉、
オカラ、大豆油、大豆油滓（抽出油滓、ソーダ油滓）、
コーン皮（コーンファイバー）、コーンブラン、コーン
ジャーム、コーンジャーム粕、コーングルテンフィー
ド、コーングルテンミール、コーンスターチ、コーン
油、コーン油滓（抽出油滓、ソーダ油滓）、菜種粕、菜
種油、菜種油滓（抽出油滓、ソーダ油滓）、米粉、米
油、ビール粕、ウイスキー粕、水飴、異性化糖、オリゴ
糖、ぶどう糖、ジャガイモ皮、馬鈴薯澱粉、タピオカ澱
粉、ビート粕、ミカン皮、ミカン搾粕、酒粕等が挙げら
れるが、これらのものを二種以上用いてもよい。(D) Processed products derived from agricultural products Processed products derived from agricultural products and serving as nutritional materials include, for example, soybean meal, soybean hulls, soybean protein, soybean hypocotyl, soybean powder,
Okara, soybean oil, soybean oil slag (extracted oil slag, soda slag),
Corn peel (corn fiber), corn blanc, corn germ, corn germ meal, corn gluten feed, corn gluten meal, corn starch, corn oil, corn slag (extracted oil slag, soda slag), rapeseed meal, rapeseed oil, rapeseed oil slag (Extracted oil dregs, soda dregs), rice flour, rice oil, beer lees, whiskey lees, starch syrup, isomerized sugar, oligosaccharides, glucose, potato peel, potato starch, tapioca starch, beet lees, mandarin peel, mandarin orange cake , Sake lees, etc., but two or more of these may be used.
【００４３】（ハ） キノコ栽培法
本発明の培地で栽培されるキノコ類としては、人工栽培
されているものであればよく、例えばシイタケ、ヒラタ
ケ、ブナシメジ、マイタケ、エノキタケ、ナメコなどを
挙げることができる。栽培法としては、例えば、培地基
材、栄養源、水を混合して得た培地を、容器に充填して
（水分：60％前後）、高温高圧殺菌し、殺菌処理された
菌床に種菌を接種し、その後、常法に従って、所定の温
度（5〜28℃）と湿度（60〜100％）を維持しながら培養
する方法等が挙げられる。(C) Mushroom Cultivation Method The mushrooms cultivated in the medium of the present invention may be those that are artificially cultivated, and examples thereof include shiitake mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, beech shimeji mushrooms, maitake mushrooms, enokitake mushrooms, and nameko mushrooms. it can. As a cultivation method, for example, a medium obtained by mixing a medium base material, a nutrient source, and water is filled in a container (water content: around 60%), subjected to high temperature and high pressure sterilization, and inoculated into a sterilized bacterial bed. And then culturing while maintaining a predetermined temperature (5 to 28 ° C.) and humidity (60 to 100%) according to a conventional method.
【００４４】[0044]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、実施例をあげて本発明を説
明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されない。な
お、「％」は、特に断らない限り、「重量％」を意味す
る。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present invention will be described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. In addition, "%" means "% by weight" unless otherwise specified.
【００４５】以下の実施例で用いた廃珪藻土は、トウモ
ロコシからぶどう糖を製造した際の精製工程において用
いた濾過助剤の廃珪藻土（組成：水分３１．７％、糖質
７．１％、蛋白質１５．９％、脂質３１．８％、灰分１
３．５％）である。また、培地の配合は乾燥重量で示し
た。The waste diatomaceous earth used in the following examples is the waste diatomaceous earth (composition: water content 31.7%, sugar 7.1%, protein) used in the refining process when glucose was produced from corn. 15.9%, lipid 31.8%, ash 1
3.5%). The formulation of the medium is shown by dry weight.
【００４６】[0046]
【実施例１】栽培用ビン１本につき、オガコ８８．８
ｇ、小麦ふすま７１．２８ｇ及び廃珪藻土７．９２ｇを
配合した素材を得、該素材を１０本分混合し、水を加え
て水分６５％の培地とした。この培地を８５０ccの栽培
用ビン１０本に４８０gずつ充填し、キャップをして１
２１℃、１時間加熱殺菌を行った。殺菌後冷却し、ヒラ
タケ種菌を接種した。接種後、温度２０℃、湿度７５％
で培養を行い、菌が蔓延した時点で菌掻きを行った。菌
掻き後、温度１５℃、湿度９５％の条件下に置き、子実
体を発生させ収穫した。栽培結果は、良好であった。[Example 1] Sawdust 88.8 per bottle for cultivation
g, wheat bran 71.28 g, and waste diatomaceous earth 7.92 g were mixed, and 10 materials were mixed and water was added to obtain a medium having a water content of 65%. This medium was filled into 10 850 cc cultivation bottles, 480 g each, and capped to 1
It heat-sterilized at 21 degreeC and 1 hour. After sterilization, it was cooled and inoculated with oyster mushroom inoculum. After inoculation, temperature 20 ℃, humidity 75%
The cells were cultivated in, and the cells were scratched when the cells spread. After scratching the bacteria, they were placed under conditions of a temperature of 15 ° C. and a humidity of 95% to generate fruit bodies and harvest. The cultivation results were good.
【００４７】[0047]
【実施例２】実施例１の小麦ふすま７１．２８ｇ及び廃
珪藻土７．９２ｇの代わりに、小麦ふすま３９．６ｇ及
び廃珪藻土３９．６ｇを用いた以外は、実施例１と同様
にして、子実体を発生させ収穫した。栽培結果は、良好
であった。Example 2 The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that wheat bran 39.6 g and waste diatomaceous earth 39.6 g were used in place of the wheat bran 71.28 g and waste diatomaceous earth 7.92 g of Example 1. The substance was generated and harvested. The cultivation results were good.
【００４８】[0048]
【実施例３】実施例１の小麦ふすま７１．２８ｇ及び廃
珪藻土７．９２ｇの代わりに、小麦ふすま１９．８ｇ及
び廃珪藻土５９．４ｇを用いた以外は、実施例１と同様
にして、子実体を発生させ収穫した。栽培結果は、良好
であった。Example 3 The same procedure as in Example 1 was repeated except that wheat bran 19.8 g and waste diatomaceous earth 59.4 g were used in place of the wheat bran 71.28 g and waste diatomaceous earth 7.92 g in Example 1. The substance was generated and harvested. The cultivation results were good.
【００４９】[0049]
【比較例１】実施例１において、小麦ふすま７１．２８
ｇ及び廃珪藻土７．９２ｇの代わりに、小麦ふすま７
９．２ｇを用いた以外は、実施例１と同様にして、子実
体を発生させ収穫した。栽培結果は、実施例のものに比
し劣っていた。この結果から、本発明の栄養剤を用いな
いと、収穫量が高くならないことが分かる。Comparative Example 1 In Example 1, wheat bran 71.28
g and waste diatomaceous earth 7.92 g instead of wheat bran 7
Fruit bodies were generated and harvested in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 9.2 g was used. The cultivation results were inferior to those of the examples. From this result, it can be seen that the yield cannot be increased unless the nutrient of the present invention is used.
【００５０】[0050]
【比較例２】実施例１の廃珪藻土７．９２ｇの代わり
に、珪藻土７．９２ｇを用いた以外は、実施例１と同様
にして、子実体を発生させ収穫した。栽培結果は、実施
例のものに比し劣っていた。この結果から、栄養成分を
吸着させていない、単なる珪藻土を用いると、収穫量が
高くならないことが分かる。Comparative Example 2 Fruit bodies were produced and harvested in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 7.92 g of diatomaceous earth was used instead of 7.92 g of waste diatomaceous earth. The cultivation results were inferior to those of the examples. From this result, it can be seen that the yield is not increased when mere diatomaceous earth without adsorbing nutrients is used.
【００５１】[0051]
【比較例３】実施例１の廃珪藻土７．９２ｇの代わり
に、珪藻土１．６ｇとコーンスターチ６．３２ｇを用い
た以外は、実施例１と同様にして、子実体を発生させ収
穫した。栽培結果は、実施例のものに比し劣っていた。
この結果から、栄養源として、単にコーンスターチを用
いたのでは、収穫量が高くならないことが分かる。Comparative Example 3 A fruiting body was produced and harvested in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 1.6 g of diatomaceous earth and 6.32 g of corn starch were used in place of 7.92 g of waste diatomaceous earth of Example 1. The cultivation results were inferior to those of the examples.
From this result, it can be seen that the yield is not increased simply by using cornstarch as a nutrient source.
【００５２】[0052]
【比較例４】実施例１の廃珪藻土７．９２ｇの代わり
に、水に懸濁させたコーンスターチと珪藻土を混合する
ことにより、コーンスターチを吸着させた珪藻土７．９
２ｇを用いた以外は、実施例１と同様にして、子実体を
発生させ収穫した。栽培結果は、実施例のものに比し劣
っていた。この結果から、栄養源として、コーンスター
チのみを珪藻土に吸着させた場合では、収穫量が高くな
らないことが分かる。上記の実施例及び比較例の栽培結
果は、まとめて、表１に示す。Comparative Example 4 Instead of 7.92 g of the waste diatomaceous earth of Example 1, cornstarch was adsorbed by mixing cornstarch and diatomaceous earth suspended in water.
Fruit bodies were generated and harvested in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 2 g was used. The cultivation results were inferior to those of the examples. From this result, it is understood that the yield is not high when only cornstarch is adsorbed on diatomaceous earth as a nutrient source. The cultivation results of the above Examples and Comparative Examples are shown together in Table 1.
【００５３】[0053]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００５４】表１の結果から、キノコ栽培用培地の栄養
剤として、蛋白質、糖質及び脂質からなる３栄養成分を
珪藻土に吸着させた栄養剤、例えば、廃珪藻土を用いる
と、栄養成分のバランスがよくなり、収穫量が高くなる
ことが分かる。From the results shown in Table 1, when a nutrient such as waste diatomaceous earth in which three nutrients consisting of protein, sugar and lipid are adsorbed on diatomaceous earth is used as the nutrient for the medium for mushroom cultivation, the balance of the nutrients is used. It can be seen that the yield is better and the yield is higher.
【００５５】[0055]
【発明の効果】（１）蛋白質、糖質及び脂質からなる３
栄養成分を吸着させた珪藻土を有効成分とする本キノコ
栽培用栄養剤を添加したキノコ栽培用培地を用いてキノ
コを栽培すると、従来のように日数をかけずに、キノコ
の収穫量を増加させる効果がある。EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION (1) 3 consisting of protein, sugar and lipid
When mushrooms are cultivated using the mushroom cultivation medium containing this nutrient for cultivating mushrooms, which contains diatomaceous earth with adsorbed nutrients, the mushroom yield is increased without spending days as in the past. effective.
【００５６】（２）本栄養剤としては、食品製造の精製
工程に使用した使用済の分離助剤、例えば、糖化製品の
精製工程で用いたものである廃珪藻土が使用可能である
ので、産業廃棄物の有効利用と安価な培地の提供が可能
となる。(2) Since the present nutrients can be used separation aids used in the refining process of food production, for example, waste diatomaceous earth used in the refining process of saccharified products, it can be used in the industry. It becomes possible to effectively use the waste and provide an inexpensive medium.
【００５７】（３）上記の廃珪藻土を用いた場合、その
形状は砂状で取り扱い易く、小麦ふすま等と混合し易い
ので、作業性の面からも有利である。(3) When the above-mentioned waste diatomaceous earth is used, its shape is sandy and easy to handle, and it is easy to mix with wheat bran or the like, which is advantageous from the viewpoint of workability.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 山本 良重 茨城県つくば市桜１丁目16番 昭和産業株 式会社総合研究所バイオ研究センター内 (72)発明者 三吉 新介 茨城県つくば市桜１丁目16番 昭和産業株 式会社総合研究所バイオ研究センター内 Ｆターム(参考） 2B011 BA06 BA13 GA04 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page (72) Inventor Yoshishige Yamamoto Showa Sangyo Co., Ltd. 16-16 Sakura, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture Shikisha Research Institute Bio Research Center (72) Inventor Shinichi Miyoshi Showa Sangyo Co., Ltd. 16-16 Sakura, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture Shikisha Research Institute Bio Research Center F-term (reference) 2B011 BA06 BA13 GA04
Claims (5)
分を吸着させた珪藻土を有効成分とするキノコ栽培用栄
養剤。1. A nutrient for mushroom cultivation containing diatomaceous earth as an active ingredient, which adsorbs three nutrients consisting of protein, sugar and lipid.
剤として使用した廃珪藻土である請求項１記載のキノコ
栽培用栄養剤。2. The nutrient for mushroom cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the diatomaceous earth is waste diatomaceous earth used as a filter aid in the purification step of food production.
たものである請求項１又は２記載のキノコ栽培用栄養
剤。3. The nutrient for mushroom cultivation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the waste diatomaceous earth is used in the step of refining a saccharified product.
栄養剤を含有するキノコ栽培用培地。4. A mushroom cultivation medium containing the nutrient for mushroom cultivation according to claim 1.
ることを特徴とするキノコ栽培方法。5. A mushroom cultivation method using the mushroom cultivation medium according to claim 4.
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| JP2015084690A (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2015-05-07 | 国立大学法人信州大学 | Culture medium for mushroom cultivation |
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