RU2595737C1 - Substrate for growing grifola frondosa mushrooms - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; mushroom industry.

SUBSTANCE: preparation of the substrate for growing the Grifola frondosa mushrooms uses birch sawdust and mineral components in the following ratio, wt%: birch dust - 65.0-80.0; wheat middling - 10.0-30.0; CaCO₃ - 1.0-1.5; KH₂PO₄ - 0.5-0.8; MgSO₄×7H₂O - 0.5-0.8; glucose - 0.5-0.8.

EFFECT: substrate stimulates the development of mycelium and Grifola frondosa mycothallus.

1 cl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to mushroom growing. It can also be used for growing edible, medicinal mushrooms Grifola frondosa.

The present invention will reduce the time of cultivation of fungi and increase their yield.

Known substrate for growing Grifola frondosa [1] containing oak sawdust 75% (moisture content 25%) and coffee processing waste 25% (moisture content 70%), substrate moisture content 58%).

The disadvantages of the substrate are the inaccessibility of the main (oak sawdust) and additional components (coffee processing waste), the duration of the process, as well as the low yield of mushrooms.

Known substrate for growing Grifola frondosa [2], consisting of a mixture of sawdust eucalyptus 39%, corn flour 10%, rice bran 20%, wheat bran 30% and calcium carbonate 1%.

The disadvantages of the substrate are the high cost and inaccessibility of some components, such as sawdust eucalyptus and rice bran.

Known substrate, consisting of a mixture of oak sawdust 70%, wheat bran 10%, millet grains 10% and rye 10%, humidity 60% [3].

The disadvantages of the substrate are the low yield of mushrooms and the inaccessibility of oak sawdust.

Closest to the proposed solution is a substrate for growing Grifola frondosa [4, prototype], consisting of oak sawdust 75% (moisture content 25%), corn bran 23% (moisture content 15%), sucrose 1% (moisture content 2%) and calcium carbonate 1%, substrate moisture content 58%.

The disadvantages of the substrate are the duration of the process and the inaccessibility of the main component - oak sawdust.

The proposed technical solution is aimed at creating substrates, the formulation components of which stimulate the development of mycelium and fruit bodies of the fungus Grifola frondosa, providing a reduction in time spent on their cultivation.

This result is achieved through the use of birch sawdust and mineral components in the following ratio, wt.%:

Birch sawdust - 65.0-80.0

Wheat bran - 10.0-30.0

CaCO ₃ - 1.0-1.5

KH ₂ PO ₄ - 0.5-0.8;

MgSO ₄ × 7H ₂ O - 0.5-0.8

Glucose - 0.5-0.8

The choice of birch sawdust as the main part of the substrate (65-80%) is explained by the fact that it is an easily accessible and inexpensive material, and also provides:

1. The continuity of the process

2. Year-round production

3. Availability of raw materials

4. Ecological cleanliness and non-waste production.

Introduction to the composition of the substrate along with wood of additional components accelerates the cultivation of the culture of the fungus Grifola frondosa.

Wheat bran along with calcium carbonate (CaCO ₃ ) and glucose contributes to the development of fruiting bodies of mushrooms.

Monosubstituted potassium phosphate (KH ₂ PO ₄ ) takes part in carbohydrate metabolism, namely in phospholation processes during respiration and fermentation. With low content of KH ₂ PO ₄ is braked carbohydrate metabolism, and breaks down the nitrogen assimilation.

Magnesium sulfate 7-water (MgSO ₄ × 7H ₂ O) is necessary for the processes of oxidation and stimulation of proteolytic activity.

Mycelium of fungi is cultivated on a wort-agar nutrient medium for 7 days at 28 ° C in biological tubes. After the development of the nutrient medium, the mycelium is sown on a grain substrate in Erlenmeyer flasks (500 ml) in an amount of 5% inoculum by weight of the substrate. Mycelium-infected grain is used for sowing in polypropylene cans equipped with a filter with a capacity of 1 liter, containing sawdust substrate.

The preparation of the substrate is as follows. Birch sawdust is mixed with mineral components, moistened to 60-65%, packed in polypropylene jars and autoclaved at a temperature of 121 ° C, a pressure of 1.2 atm for 90 minutes. A decrease in moisture content below 50% leads to a slowdown in the development of mycelium or a complete cessation of growth. The increased humidity of the substrate (above 65%) contributes to its compaction and a significant deterioration in aeration in the deep layers. Moreover, the development of mycelium is observed only on the surface of the substrate.

In cans with a ready-made, sterile substrate that has cooled to room temperature, grain mycelium is introduced and placed in a thermostat at a temperature of 28 ° C. After complete development of the substrate with mycelium, the cans are transferred to the growth chamber at a temperature of 15 ° C and a relative humidity of 90%.

A decrease in relative air humidity of up to 70% and lower leads to deformation of fruiting bodies.

At air temperatures above 15 ° C there is an intensive growth of fruiting bodies with deviations in appearance and size, mushrooms have small, quickly opening hats and elongated thin legs. Low temperature contributes to the formation of fruiting bodies with large, dense, long, unfoldable hats and short thick legs.

Examples of the technical solution:

Example 1

The substrate contains the following ingredients (wt.%):

Birch sawdust - 78.22

Wheat bran - 19.00

CaCO ₃ - 1.10

KH ₂ PO ₄ - 0.56

MgSO ₄ × 7H ₂ O - 0.56

Glucose - 0.56

Example 2

Birch sawdust - 70.3

Wheat bran - 26.0

CaCO ₃ - 1.5

KH ₂ PO ₄ - 0.7

MgSO ₄ × 7H ₂ O - 0.7

Glucose - 0.8

To date, a small-tonnage production of Grifola frondosa mushrooms has been organized on the basis of the Biotechnology of Feed Processing LLC enterprise (Biysk).

Information sources

1) Barreto S.M. Effect of culture parameters on the production of the edible mushroom Grifola frondosa (maitake) in tropical weathers / S.M. Barreto, M.V. López, L. Levin // World J Microbiol Biotechnol. - 2008 .-- 24: 1361-1366.

2) Stott V.K. Specialty Mushroom Production Systems: Maitake and Morels / B.K. Stott, C. Mohammed // A report for the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. - 2004. - Publication N04 / 024, pp. 19-20.

3) Shen Q. Crop cycle time, yield and quality of maitake Grifola frondosa as influenced by nutrient supplements / Q. Shen, D. J. Royse // Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products. - 2002, - pp. 5-10.

4) Barreto S.M. Modeling Grifola frondosa fungal growth during solid-state fermentation / S.M. Barreto, C.E. Orrego Alzate, L. Levin // Eng. Life Sci. - 2011 .-- 11, N3, 316-321.

Claims (1)

The substrate for growing edible medical mushrooms Grifola frondosa, containing birch sawdust and mineral components in the following ratio, wt.%:
Birch sawdust - 65.0-80.0
Wheat bran - 10.0-30.0
CaCO ₃ - 1.0-1.5
KH ₂ PO ₄ - 0.5-0.8
MgSO ₄ × 7H ₂ O - 0.5-0.8
Glucose - 0.5-0.8